Hello friends welcome to I am exploration before we discuss the mechanism of action of Manjaro Ortiz appetite it is important to understand a few key concepts of glucose metabolism glucose metabolism is regulated by two important hormones insulin and glucagon insulin is a hormone secreted by the beta cells in the eyelid of langerhans in pancreas insulin is primarily secreted in response to high glucose insulin lowers blood glucose by increasing glucose transport into muscle and adipose tissue insulin also stimulates the synthesis of glycogen fat and protein insulin is secreted from the pancreas in a biphysic manner in
response to square wave increase in the blood glucose concentration the first phase consists of a brief Spike lasting 10 minutes followed by a second phase which reaches a plateau at two to three hours moving on to the role of glucagon hormone glucagon is a counter regulatory hormone for insulin it is secreted by alpha cells in the eyelid of langerhans in pancreas in response to low glucose glucagon increases blood glucose by increasing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver the incretin effect describes the phenomena in healthy people whereby oral glucose elicits higher insulin secretary responses than does intravenous
glucose despite inducing similar levels of glycemia so far we have talked about insulin glucagon and incretin effect let's move on to the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by beta cell dysfunction that leads to reduced insulin secretion and insulin resistance which is inability of insulin sensitive tissues to respond appropriately to insulin the incretin effect is uniformly defective in patients with type 2 diabetes this appetite is a dual Gip and glp-1 receptor Agonist but what is Gip and glp-1 let's discuss Gip and glp-1 stimulates insulin secretion in a glucose dependent Manner and
are classified as incretins glp-1 is an incretin secretory molecule which lowers blood glucose by stimulating insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon secretion during hyperglycemia glp-1 receptor is widely distributed in pancreas and other tissues glp-1 has multiple biological effects such as suppressing appetite delaying gastric emptying reducing neuroinflammation promoting nerve growth improving heart function regulating blood lipid metabolism and reducing fat deposition glp-1 receptor Agonist can lead to weight loss production of eyelid beta cells promotion of eyelid beta cell proliferation moving on to the role of Gip Gip is a hormone produced by the gut cells in response to
nutrient intake Gip stimulates insulin secretion in a glucose dependent manner through its action on the brain Gip may lead to reduced food intake leading to its weight loss benefits in addition to its insulin secretion activity Gib leads to promotion of growth and survival of the pancreatic beta cells and stimulation of adipogenesis this appetite is a dual Gip and glp-1 receptor Agonist which means Manjaro stimulates both Gip and glp-1 receptors this appetite has an imbalanced mechanism of action with a greater degree of Engagement for the Gip receptor than glp-1 receptor it has a weaker ability to
drive glp-1 receptor internalization compared to the native glp-1 peptide this biased agonism of teres appetite enhances insulin secretion through Gip and glp-1 stimulation Manjaro enhances both first and second phase insulin secretion reduces glucagon secretion improves insulin sensitivity decreases food intake and slows gastric emptying it should be noted that gastric emptying effect diminishes over time for an in-depth summary on Manjaro including warnings and precautions check out our prior video also ensure to read the disclaimers in the description below
