When we choose to devote our lives pursuing a parallel Brazil there wasn't a shred of certainty if the project would ever work and when we look back... it’s possible to realize how risky our bet was You must agree with me that it's not easy to put on the head the mission of transforming the education of a country giving up everything for this Dream But even with all the uncertainties and challenges we knew that just complaining wouldn't solve the problem we needed to act and so it was with the congress Brasil Paralelo our first series We
asked for the trust of our audience and they did so. Our members got into the challenge with us and allowed us to achieve greater things If we were talking about reforming the culture with a cheap camera in hand and very few resources to produce our episodes today we can do a lot more. The series Brazil: The Last Crusade was absolutely great in all the senses But in order to achieve what you are about to watch was only possible because we are not alone more than 5 million Brazilians today know their history better and feel pride
of their origin Many people ask us what will be the next series, end what we want for the future of Brasil Paralelo Being very honest with you projects and ideas we are plenty But in order to take one step forward we keep relying on your confidence It is essential that each person who watches our episodes contribute to the change We are independent, and we have no incentive from the government and we can't end up losing for trying too hard Maybe you've been thrilled and awakened to rescue your story with the episodes of the series: Brazil
the Last Crusade Understood how great it is to be Brazilian Now allow other Brazilians to may have the same feeling as you had More than acquiring the exclusive content you support our initiative and allow millions of people can watch the our content Make this commitment to us The discount we're going to offer exclusively until tomorrow it is to increase the number of Brazilians who are with us and ensure all benefits that only members have then you allow the production of the next documentary Come and be the protagonist of change let’s act together in pursuit of
the construction of a Parallel Brazil See you soon Previously… Just around the year 700, the Muslim faith emerged They entered very fast... and gradually they were taking the villages and the cities. A group of noblemen from France, met and formed an order That was the Order of the Templars From the distant Asturias, Christians grew and were expanding to conquer all their territory. Until you have no more territory to conquer All they have left is the sea Brazilians until the 19th century were not called colonists Allied against intruders, Indians, white and black people, carried within them
the blossoming of the Brazilianness The great thing about Brazil, of course, was the miscegenation Because a Portuguese faithful to the Catholic tradition, he's not worrying about whether he arrived unintentionally or because he wanted to. he believes that he is there for a reason and that reason is purely missionary on the day of the assembly one eloquent young man arrived in Versailles to fight for the Enlightenment ideas that he learned from Rousseau and Voltaire in the halls of Paris. the promise of equality was now represented by a powerful voice that to this day generates chills in
the history of humanity Napoleon reacted by declaring the closing of the ports across Europe his orders were immediately obeyed by all countries with only one exception: Portugal Portugal was invaded by fifty thousand French and Spanish soldiers Who hunted the court while they set sail towards the new world and left them all lost and bewildered It was on May 13, 1816 that the son of Dom João VI married the Austrian princess In Portugal, the hope that the war with Napoleon would end. Leading Dom João VI to finally make the decision of going back alone to Portugal
leaving his son as Regent of Brazil Both José Bonifácio and Leopoldina wanted Pedro to remain in Brazil He creates the idea of establishing an empire in Brazil, it means as if it were a breakup By pulling off the blue and white armband that symbolized Portugal, Pedro shot to the floor saying: "take off your armbands soldiers" Our motto from now on will be: Independence or Death. She was the first person before Dom Pedro himself to realize That Brazil he would have to be a free country These two years he taught the basics he left in Pedro's
heart a deep love for knowledge and for knowing as well as a deep love for Brazil. Exactly what Dom Pedro I, wanted In 1840, he takes over, he shows great resourcefulness and then he begins to make institutions to work understanding very well each of their flaws. The victory over Solano López in the war of Paraguay was the culmination of progress to the empire. We then lived a Brazilian Belle Epoque Abolition was a social cause But at the same time was a cause that you, in defending it, had much to lose And it was Princess Isabel
who said when they told her, you may be signing the abolition and the end of the monarchy then she said: "I pay any price to free these men." There were people with interests in which the monarchy was replaced The armed army on the street, and with no popular appeal, about to warn the minister that he no longer holds the position and don´t dare retaking it. The Republic is a regime that was born out of the dispute between two men over a woman The next day, the Republicans decreed the expulsion of the royal family from Brazil
Later, they headed to the town hall where they proclaimed the Republic When it comes to unveiling the truth of our history that has been neglected, or even buried by all sorts of malicious ideological convenience When it comes therefore as a result of this to the awakening in our understanding of one's own reality, of one's own trajectory as a nation our patriotic sensitivity is somewhat curious that our narrative begins with one of our biggest mistakes one of our greatest stumbles on our journey as a nation. The proclamation of the republic on 15 November 1889 That it
was to be a differentiated development model for the Brazilian nation It didn't happen It didn't happen precisely because it doesn't have any analysis the attentive look at what is the being Brazilian What is this national reality What is this mosaic of cultures within the territory as a whole Brazil began to leave four centuries of legacy all that has matured the country's thinking and political development both in its constitutional development, as well as in its great debates and all this maturity that was being gestated in the nineteenth century It was left behind, the light of an
expectation of a future that to this day has never arrived. That year we broke with Europe and with our roots and there begins our "Mongrel Complex" Because what we had on November 15, 1889 was an indignity, and an offense to one of the greatest patriots and public men that we've had which was emperor Dom Pedro II The man who loved without a shadow of any doubt his homeland and his nation and was chased out in the most unworthy way We replace the national symbols So it's a drastic break from a period to each other National
explanation, identity, constitution, legacy our monarchical flag it underlines our national formation. So it was a regression process that brought us to the standard Brazil today is. Brazil is always all over the map, from government to government with promises to remake everything from the scratch Leaving behind any kind of longer lasting but solid construction Our institutional pillars are made of sand The Last Crusade Vargas Era - The Twilight of an Idol Republic became synonymous with democracy But is that the way it is? So it makes sense this typical modern confusion where regimes and forms of government
are not distinguished? Today, most countries define themselves as a republic. But it's hard to say what is in fact the political regime of these nations North Korea bears the official name of Democratic People's Republic of Korea but the whole world knows that it's about a communist dictatorship commanded by the heir of a dynasty imposed by force China is another case although it calls itself a People's Republic is governed by a single party a powerful oligarchy that perpetuates in power The Unite Kingdom has a stable and secular representative system Founded on a parliamentary monarchy in which
power emanates from the people and in his name is exercised revealing that democracy is not exclusively republican Australia, Canada, Denmark and Japan are also examples of constitutional monarchies With progress, development, and respect for freedoms Of course there are many republics equally democratic and free United States, Switzerland and Germany are great examples of federative republics with well-constituted democracies Specific electoral systems and institutions in full operation From all of this, we conclude the obvious is not the nomenclature that defines what is a democratic regime To understand the form of government of a country it is necessary to
enter into its history Study the roots of each people and their culture Their complex set of beliefs, values, dreams and aspirations Their imaginary and founding myths Finally, we must understand the elements that make up that nation. Some people think that one day the country will sleep and wake up democratic the next day Lacks the perspective that it is a slow construction, patient, by trial and error, always subject to setbacks, sometimes subject to even ruptures... that you go back to a dictatorial situation and then you have to start building again. This is the case in Brazil
The conspirators who carried out the coup of the republic soon settled into power, and began a process of rupture With the arbitrary and artificial creation of a new nation The symbols that connected Brazilians with their past and with their real story have been replaced by forged symbols The imperial flag was replaced first, to a green and yellow copy of the American flag. then came the republican flag as we know it containing the positivist motto: Order and Progress True national heroes have been censured being gradually erased from our memory and the popular imagination Simply because they
lived in the Monarchical Era Then there was a censorship, fairly expanded Carlos Gomes, Nabuco, Machado de Assis and others were associated with the Monarchical Era Therefore they did not serve for the utility of a country that should be created in the light of the future It was necessary then to institute the greatest symbol of this republican nation that was built by leaps and bounds The document that provides a form of state to a nation would be drafted amid political tensions among the elites seeking for power The new constitution should represent the new regime and the
new National symbols We have a constitution in 1891 placed during Marechal Deodoro´s government and it was disrespected by Deodoro himself that closes parliament because he doesn't like what's going on there He didn't feel good in that democratic game all the time he's been looking for ways to close the congress silence the congress and evidently later even resigning the presidency and giving up because he thought he had no vocation, for that democratic game. Who takes over after Deodoro is Floriano Peixoto He makes a statement in the following sense… “I believe the foulness that exists in this
country, Can only be resolved with a military dictatorship” That's Floriano Peixoto's talk And he represses violently represses monarchists, suppresses freedom of expression Extreme levels It is one of the most repressive governments that Brazil had, it was Floriano Peixoto. But at least he passes the mandate to a civilian successor Once Prudente de Morais took office cooperation between the state and the oligarchies was present in Brazil with maximum strength The oligarchies of the states will be linking between them And you're going to form these bureaucratic social groups that was a group that completely sent and submitted everything
else to it Coffee represented more than half of our economy To be legitimate along with such power, the government began to accept the orders of the oligarchs of the sector It had much to do with the anomy that was installed, since the crown, the symbolic unity and the moderating power they leave the scene and that's what holds the oligarchic elites of the regions. Then begins a duel between clans it was a duel of families A duel of clans the oligarchies facing each other Brazil's politics in the old republic is this ...a duel of clans Collusion
between political and economic forces has become an unwritten law. From the coffee of the beginning of the last century to the contractors of the new millennium Little has changed But the fact is that a large system of corruption and exchange of favours has taken place. Relationships of promiscuity among the mighty have come to be the rule. The coffee barons of São Paulo and Minas Gerais the main producers of the commodity were supported by the oligarchies from the other states of the federation Together they all defends their interests before the federal government This on the other
hand tried to get it right with the state spheres Coming up to the agreement that it would not interfere with the local policies as long as he got the proper support from the governors. Finally at the municipal level the collusion was forced by halter The great landowners known as “Coronels” had political control of a certain region “Coronelismo” is nothing more than a person having in himself the social power The “Coroné” Look at this The vote was secret and was declared aloud which allowed the coronels to pressure voters to vote for their political affiliates. The guy
has a power that he enlarges all of his area of expertise, His circle of latency his hand would be over Is just setting up and then you're going to tell whoever that guy's going to vote for. to maintain all that structure The colonels, as a formal title, already existed during the empire but the relevance power that bad thing we learned after the history books it only happened after the end of the Brazilian empire. Before, they were very controlled and classified by the emperor. In addition to standard coercion, other expedients were used Buying votes, ghost votes,
and even physical violence. All this arranged with the money that came basically from our only great product which is coffee this republic, which will later be called: "Café com Leite Republic" it's arranged with the money that comes from the field that maintains the political structure that will keep the same idea of the money that comes from the field Where's the industrialism there? Where is industrialization? It doesn't exist. So when you talk about the federalism of the old republic the autonomy of the states, the federalism decanted in verse and prose That's a bit of an illusion,
by the way, a lot of illusion. Actually this autonomy of these elites that remain the same they are guaranteed there, in their position by the president it is due to the seal of the central power one thing depends on the other all the time Or you're in power, rich, alive, and happy or you're out of power, poor and dead. That is, it's a vicious cycle that doesn't corrupt itself You don't have another virtuous circle to make up for it You have no industrialization in Brazil. For example... Taubaté agreements made at the beginning of the 20th
century What the hell was that? The big producers producing a lot the price of coffee would fall So what does the government do? Buys production surplus to keep coffee price And what's that for? To keep the money of these producers injecting them as well. So they create right at the beginning of the first republic. the old republic as they call it. It was the "Funding Loan" The Funding Loan was nothing more than a commitment of foreign debt, with English banks, to finance agriculture and livestock in Brazil But it wasn't investment it was a loan at
bizarre interest, which the government gave... all the money that came from the sanitation of Rio de Janeiro; all the money that went to Central Station to pay for this debt with England To where? To fill the gap. For a change... We're always chasing our own tail at these matters People who wanted to develop the industry in the Brazil were extremely limited Because Brazil was already committed to provide assurance to livestock and coffee oligarchs. This delayed Brazil exactly when the industrial revolution is at its peak in Europe and the United States Brazil then pulled the handbrake
and... limited the growth in the industry So it was a strategic mistake, and we pay the price to this day How to understand this historical period? It doesn't have much to be understood it's a stagnant period All these arrangements served to keep the government always in the hands of a group Only alternating the occupant of the presidential office sometimes from the Republican Party of Minas Gerais, sometimes from the Republican Party of São Paulo. Among coronels, barons and rulers the public and the private were mixed up, and the population was subdued For two decades the strong
corruption scheme between coffee elites elected president after president The agreement guaranteed that the state oligarchies would always support the same candidate Continuing the policies that benefited them You no longer have the moderator party Which is the emperor´s party Now you have the party of what? ...the President of the Republic party and this president can be Mineiro or Paulista This is the way the structure is does not change does not have any change The oligarchic republic would be, for a long time fearless and colossal if it wasn't a disagreement at the command core. The choice of
the governing candidate, for the 1930 elections would change the course of our political history The agreement said that the next president would be indicated by the Mineira elite By the Mineira oligarchy There was even a name; the Governor of Minas Gerais at the time So Washington Luís says: no My candidate is Júlio Prestes São Paulo will keep the policy I'm doing, and on behalf of my policy I'll nominate. Then he nominates Júlio Prestes By breaking the agreement of the republicans of Minas and São Paulo by indicating the “paulista” Júlio Prestes, the president Washington Luís displeased
the oligarchy of Minas Gerais and its supporters That would come to unite with the “paraibanos” and “gauchos” to compete against the “paulistas” in the elections The Liberal Alliance was formed It was actually a conjunction of forces from tenentista movement, centralizers one oligarchy unhappy with the other oligarchy that is, Liberal there wasn't that much This new political group would launch a candidate that would go into our infamous story and it would change the course of political relations in Brazil Getúlio Vargas was an extremely conflicting personality internally He could be authoritarian but without seeming authoritarian He's made
his entire career just by playing this game “I'm a beloved authoritarian” He was always a very practical man, and able to adapt to the circumstances To some extent, let's say he was a political genius So he had this authoritative, “cuddly style” Brazil to this day, the vision of the Brazilian to this day about Getúlio Vargas is of a cuddly authoritarian He was extremely inspired by positivist ideas in vogue in brazil at that time This thought and this way of seeing in which you... the government is the government of those who know it's an idea that
Vargas evidently adopts He's growing with a very great force he has a huge charisma a stupendous dialogue capability a rhetoric that almost no leader in Brazil has been able to imitate And in this period in the world is emerging fascism I mean of this great populist movement non-monarchical and anti-monarchical seeking for great leaders and is emerging the world fascism Fascism also comes up with the same rhetoric Which means Let's modernize We need to look to the future We need to have great leadership We need now to be a great nation So when Getúlio appears he
comes up with all the elements to be the Brazilian fascist And who was supporting him? Another oligarchy that was not the agricultural oligarchy it was the industrialists, the bankers, the military So Vargas goes up with a new set of oligarchies It was in this context that the liberal alliance indicated the gaucho Getúlio Vargas to run against Júlio Prestes The Paulista represented the collusion of the oligarchies of his state and 19 other federation units With a wide advantage, Prestes is elected to the presidency of the country His inauguration would take place on the symbolic day November
15 But Vargas had other plans Júlio Prestes would never sit in the chair of the president of the republic Thanks to a new revolution and to one more takeover To another coup. It all started in Porto Alegre with the takeover of the headquarters of the 3rd military region In the attack happened the first deaths in the revolution That soon spread across the country Despite offering remarkable resistance State governments were deposed by the revolutionary military without great difficulties Mineiras and gaúchas troops marched towards Rio de Janeiro while Vargas was waiting in Curitiba the news from the
fronts At the end of the month the military arrived in Rio de Janeiro and deposed Washington Luís with a military coup Established a provisional board which would hand over power to Getúlio at the beginning of November of that year The military made the republic in 1930... How do you think Getúlio got there? With the military who stood behind but they were the ones in charge On the afternoon of November 1, 1930 in Catete's Palace Getúlio Vargas assumes the presidency It was the end of the old republic and the state oligarchies At the same time gaucho
soldiers fulfilled the promise of tying their horses on the obelisk of Rio Branco Avenue Symbolically marking the triumph of the revolution What happens in 1930 is that this centralizing trend triumphs this authoritarian tendency this tendency to want to give orders, meaning and bring justice through centralizing authoritarianism Getúlio Vargas became head of the provisional government with broad powers The 1891 constitution was repealed The congress was dissolved, and the dictator came to rule by decrees Former President Washington Luis was arrested and driven to the Fort of Copacabana Where he would be sent into exile in the United
States Prison was also the fate of many other politicians as Júlio Prestes State governors supporters of the former government had already been deposed in the movements of the revolution They were then replaced by intervenors appointed by Vargas So inexperienced lieutenants who participated in the revolution began to command Brazilian states It was in this context that he called another revolution another coup The already complicated relationship between the Vargas government and the Paulistas was even more troubled when the military pernambuco Was chosen to rule the state of São Paulo The appointment of João Alberto Lins de Barros
stirred up tempers once and for all On the one hand he stirs mainly in the ideas of the oligarchy that are those ruling families Okay, but if it's not the families now, who? He is the one. It's no longer a political party, now it's “Getulião” He's the father of the poor. In an extremely populist form of government It is the period that political personalism overlaps with the institutions And for not fulfilling your promise to deliver a constitution "paulistas" revolted And Getúlio Vargas ordered to suffocate the "paulistas" If Brazil had a civil war then the civil
war was this Tired of the interferences of the Vargas dictatorship and dissatisfied with the lack of a federal constitution Paulistas already designed an armed revolt On May 23, 1932 during a protest against the Vargas government four young "paulistas" were killed by Getulist troops The tragedy was the trigger for that on July 9 of that year the revolutionary joint MMDC was formed The name of the group was formed with the initials of the murdered youths In a country gripped by political instability New clashes were no longer so frightening After three months of civil war with over
200.000 men involved Getulist´s troops beat the Paulistas The surrender took place on October 2 On May 3, 1933 elections were held for the constituent assembly that would give the basis for the country's new constitution in 1934. The new constitution was approved and with it, in indirect election, Getúlio Vargas was finally elected President of the Republic So he starts to nationalize a lot of things The 1934 constitution Nationalized the underground Nationalized banks Nationalized insurance companies Closed Brazil for foreign trade He was extremely protectionist The model Vargas adopts is already the most in-line model with a socialist,
fascist country The fascists, they took a little bit of each model They took capitalism, they accepted capitalism but they took an immense state it was a capitalism subject to the interests of the state Vargas did the same thing in Brazil His models were evidently Mussolini and Hitler Even he had certain mental similarities with Hitler his appreciation for Nietzsche both he and Hitler knew Nietzsche's entire excerpts from memory and he thought he was superman Nietzsche "I am the great of the nation" "I'm the leading one" I'm going to get us out of ostracism and take this
country forward and into the future aim for the future He was considered by many historians As for Brazilian, as the most important Brazilian president of all It's hard to disagree with a sentence like that of an analysis like that that much of today's Brazil was built by Vargas This Brazil that has already left virtually all history behind and Vargas he gets it that way almost like this... "A new Genesis - Chapter 1" about Brazil At that moment Getúlio wants to build another Brazil but based on other links And what links? For example: in carnival and
football Well I have nothing against these two things But if you need to take away the core values which are identity values and in their place you need to put a sport and a festive event which is almost an escape valve for the Brazilian people you're actually demoting the people It's all about the history of fascism and communism What is the state co-opting national identity and produce that national identity from the state that then forms the identity of people from the centralized propaganda it does It creates a national identity There's a sentence that, taken out
of context, And misinterpreted is very unfair in my opinion... that…"patriotism is the last refuge of the scoundrel" and there I think he means; nationalism He means put the "supposed" interests of the nation Misinterpreted as the interests that “I” ruler defend and want Above all Including the Order the law of the principles and values of the individual I believe that nationalism in Brazil ended up serving the nationalization, the limitation of capitalism in the country and the adoption of capitalism centered by the hand of the state And then you have an idea of "Orpheonic Singing". everybody sing
along and the songs and everybody's going to parade in the streets the march of youth... Which has a very fascist nationalist component Content You're going to mobilize everybody around the nation, and around the Leader and also a whole idea of you using the new mass media you gonna use the radio as a great element of mobilization Following the populist practices implemented by Joseph Goebbels in Nazi Germany Vargas now uses the radio as the main diffusion instrument of governing propaganda Vargas knew how to use the radio He knew how to nationalize the radio With the original
name of the National Program Voz do Brasil was created on July 22, 1935 revolutionizing communication between government and population So the figure of the president was getting closer to the people This type of centralizing expedient was nothing new Shortly before instrumentalizing the radio Vargas had already structured brazilian formal education That went on to follow guidelines standardized by the central power The idea he had, is that you'd have a model university you would have a university that was the University of Brazil all courses would be detailed And defined the content in detail, in writing what would
be taught and the rest of Brazil would repeat I'm going to eliminate, so to speak, the regional historical and cultural experience and create a culture from the education system a cultural identity, from the top The idea of you building a symbol of nationality the anthems, the national heroes... you actually make it up... a whole Pantheon of national heroes that didn't exist Managed by the state, its ministries, By his intellectuals The artists who will become symbols and who will shake the president's hand To fulfill its ambitions to reshape the national imagination Vargas needed to use the
country's literate elite in order to contribute to their goals He was a man of great capacity and who knew how to dialogue with intellectuals truly important of the time Having a living national demand that was the issue of illiteracy, and other things like that he's going to say this: we need schools The state needs to get a lot more involved in this. Intellectuals will be made aware of this issue and will go headlong into national pedagogical thinking Very insightfully Getúlio co-opted intellectuals to reinforce the Brazilian population the beliefs necessary for the success of their government
measures If on the one hand we have this Getulio, we have that Getulio going too, arrest Graciliano Ramos He's going to arrest Gilberto Freire. Do you understand? So he wants to be the intellectual on your side but in his way At a time when the world is facing a centralizing and authoritarian wave we have the awakening of Nazi fascism European authoritarianism we have Stalinism prevailing We have then a lot of people firmly believing that liberalism has died You can't trust liberal institutions anymore It was also the period of crumbling of the European monarchies That is,
if you no longer have a strength, an authority via blood via dynasty, via a family that can represent that it be prepared from the beginning, from the cradle to no longer live for themselves but to represent a nation Now you'd have a populist leader With the mass society, the time has also come for the union Of the mass Trade unionists, communists, socialists, Marxists, populists and so on Leaders came to be treated like gods The cult of personality was one of the hallmarks of these ideologies Comrade Lenin and the father of the people Stalin, were ubiquitous
figures in the lives of the victims of this morbid system The same goes for El Duce Mussolini in Italy and the German Führer Hitler What is fascism? A regime based on three pillars The ubiquitous state, the powerful unions and the great businessmen friends of the king This is the tripod of fascism Is this model right-wing? Not if you understand right-wing; Edmund Burke The classic liberals Conservatives They don't care about that. And what does all this have to do with Brazil? How have these ideologies manifested themselves here? The fact is that the Brazilian popular imagination was
weakened No historical references without a natural and real construction of a sense of nationality since the coup d'état The invasion of foreign ideologies was facilitated It would not be long before the Communists realized the fragility of the nationality census and start shaking up the national political landscape with its internationalist ideology whose actions were set in Moscow The first socialist demonstrations and anarchists in Brazil already came from the beginning of the republic with the coming of the first Italian and German immigrants to Brazil So these ideas ended up coming here, and creating some movements Mainly union
movements in the big centers In 1922 the Communist Party was founded with the participation of several lieutenants of several military personnel who were, or expelled from the army in 1922 either left, or continued still military In this context, political-ideological radicalization intensified Soon, two apparent opposites would be established On the one hand the Communist Party on the other, Brazilian integralist action The first anti-nationalist had the financial, organizational and strategic support of the Soviet Union The second founded on an exaggerated nationalism displaced, using fascist aesthetics in their compliments and clothing Sometimes they split into integralists and communists
that it was our Totalitarian State. For a long time Vargas took advantage of both movements with skill and opportunism, engaged integralist communists He used both aspects to his advantage Attended political events of both and exchanged favours with their leaders The relationship would be shaken until the breakup when communist leaders accused Vargas of walking towards a fascist dictatorship They go on to postulate power for themselves and become enemies of the president The first major attack was made by the Communists In another coup attempt that the young Brazilian republic witnessed The Captain of the army converted to
communism Luís Carlos Prestes commanded an uprising The Communist Intentona Prestes articulated directly with the direction of the communist international that kept next to the coup a group of international communist militants among these was Prestes's companion, the German; Olga Benário Agitated by Prestes it happens that movement doomed to failure of the Communist Intentona the barracks, the communists trying, rehearsing a rebellion... Despite the support of tenentists Communist ideals had not been well received by the vast majority of the armed forces Who reacted the move After Intentona, Prestes and his wife Olga lived on the run clandestinely in
Brazil For a few more months But they ended up in prison in 1936 So the narrative that gets is that Olga was a poor girl and everything but she wasn't... she was a communist A communist linked to the KGB That is, if her ideas, and her actions had an effect in the country at that time, Brazil could have become Cuba or what Venezuela is today The Communist Intentona served as a pretext for Vargas to pursue not only communists, but also anarchists, trade unionists, and even political liberal opponents New laws restricting individual freedoms have been imposed
The excuse was to combat subversion But the reality was the concentration of power in Vargas' hands Right after Intentona the elections were approaching and Vargas could lose the presidency by democratic means It was at that moment that Getulio took advantage of a false plan that would represent A new communist revolution to justify the need to give a coup d'état We're in danger of trespassing... ... of totalitarian invasion here in Brazil, so here's what I'm going to do let's enact state of siege, which is constitutional and then I take all these, and that, and these freedoms
and then we get back to concentrating the power With a declared state of siege, the congress was closed legislative and judicial power have been suspended the path was clear for Vargas to exacerbate his power and put into practice the most ruthless dictatorship that Brazil has known in its history The guy who took power in 1930 ...suspends the constitution and then by pressure from "paulistas" makes a constitution in 1934 Hey, what's up? In 1937, when he would have the vote for him to get out the guy strikes a blow like Hitler Set fire to the "Reichstag"
and proclaim new state placing an extremely centralizing and dictatorial constitution On November 10, 1937, the former coup, and now dictator Getúlio Vargas addresses the Brazilian people with a manifesto to the nation promulgating a new constitution And establishing the new state In order to justify the authoritarian and centralising measures Vargas says... "It is the necessity that makes the law... ...the more complex life becomes the moment it passes there must be the state's intervention in the field of private activity" And that only institutionalizes the discretionary government that Vargas had already been practicing he who, by nature, by
temperament, and by personality was incompatible with democracy he would never be compatible with it. He then establishes the most complete dictatorship that Brazil has had in its history which is the New State This period is the eclipse period, of obscuring our entire liberal tradition Period more closed that we have ...darker in that respect When José Bonifácio said that the Brazilian would be the new Athenian if did not fall into the tyranny of state it was about this very moment that he was talking Vargas is the embodiment of state tyranny. The new Brazil the New State
It was the result of his ruler's longings for power By decree, Vargas extinguishes all political parties emblematic attitude of those who seek total power All mayors were appointed by the governors of the states The governors, in turn, were appointed by Vargas it was the failure of democracy In addition to controlling all instances Vargas really wanted to reduce the power of the States ushering in the era of the federation of lies that we have to this day For this a symbolic act was carried out A ceremony worthy of Nazi Germany the flags of the States were
burned It was forbidden to bear flags and other state symbols Any demonstration of regionalism was an affront to the new regime Francisco Campos, Vargas' minister of justice said: Flag of Brazil is today the only Hoisted at this time throughout the national territory unique and alone there is no place in the hearts of Brazilians for other streamers, other flags, and other symbols In the context of the formulation of the new Brazilian foreign language teaching was prohibited This practice was very common in German and Italian colonization sites Even in other sectors such as football artificial and forced
nationalism became law reason why the Club Palestra Italia came to be called: Palmeiras To silence opponents the government has established the press and propaganda department called; DIP Following the school of the Soviet Union and other communist countries censorship of the press, a pragmatic mark of the dictatorships of the twentieth century, could not stay out of the measures of the New State DIP censored journalists and produced propaganda pieces praising the government trying to turn Getúlio Vargas into a myth Getúlio was the first Brazilian to make large-scale personal advertising adhering to the expedient of the cult of
personality typical of Nazism, fascism and communism The radio and the newspaper spread Vargas as the father of the poor the man who would lead the nation to its progress and development Getúlio Vargas was a cancer in Brazilian politics a cancer He is the father of the poor, indeed I believe it's a proper nickname although it's not for the reasons his worshippers would like but by the amount of poor that he helped produce ...giving birth to them along with Lula In fact, Lula is a kind of refurbished Vargas He's a demagogue, he's a populist. In addition
to creating the entire state that fascist state that well-inspired Mussolini state with state-owned States that we are still trying to privatize today He created the Usura Law in Brazil Usura Law made it difficult to borrow at interest that is, Brazil barely had a financial market State intervention, so harmful to the economy it has made its mark in several sectors The freezing of rent prices in addition to a number of regulations in these contracts had the alleged aim of alleviating the living costs of workers but the result was the shortage of housing, evicted and homeless tenants
What Vargas achieved was a significant worsening in housing quality Legal uncertainty, significant increases in prices and housing shortages exactly the opposite of the proposed although state propaganda continues to deceive the population and reinforcing the president's image as such: Father of the Poor That's when you got there... he makes the proposal to double the minimum wage and he can´t because congress does not allow He also has a proposal of profits sent abroad to have limit for foreign companies not to be able to take Brazilian profits He has basically protectionist ideas and at the same time linked
to this work Vargas is inspired... In the most "father of the poor" thing of all What is the fascist labour program He created CLT in force to this day after more than 60... 70 years old inspired by Mussolini's Del Lavoro Letter a fascist Every leftist today defending the CLT He's with Getúlio Vargas deep inside In the long run, labour laws harm workers increasing the so-called: Cost Brazil Why investing in Brazil is so disadvantageous? Taxes and labour charges too much burden on companies generating inflation that erodes the value of wages diminishing their purchasing power and resulting
in the general impoverishment of the people The "Cost Brazil" makes companies hire fewer people driving away foreign investors who prefer savings that give more return on their investment Who defends CLT in Brazil today? Who defends Vargas' legacy? as something positive Who stands up for strong unions? Who advocates a ubiquitous and interventionist state? Keeping in mind Mussolini's slogan... "Everything within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state" it's the left So we conclude that fascism is left-wing But that can tie a knot in a lot of people's heads because they learned to repeat that
fascism is only right-wing This is the politician that Lula, that Dilma and Cristovam Buarque, Ciro Gomes... the entire current Brazilian left is inspired by when they feel like... "Look, Brazil has modernized" "Brazil is a new country" "In Brazil we want to keep our rights" "We want to create labor rights" That's Varguismo 2.0 This is the story of Brazil that we do not learn in school The Populist looks at the next election The Statesman for the next generation that is, what is lacking in Brazil is a statesman There is no one who is concerned about state
policies and not about government policies only It's the old: "Bread and Circuses" Where you give some crumbs to the population with the bread that the population itself has made you just take the bread for yourself and just give them a few crumbs So the population says; "Without this politician I wouldn't have crumbs" Concentrating too much power in the state in these unions in symbiosis with the big businessmen that's all the Liberal doesn't stand for That's not what capitalism is Capitalism cannot be cronyism capitalism of ties That's a different model what they call capitalism by perverse
tactic against capitalism So there's a connection in terms of mentality Statist, interventionist, and authoritarian that connects Marques de Pombal to Vargas and will be present in Vargas, in the military regime and then in the petista´s project that begins with Lula and ends in Dilma This dictatorship that I consider very serious in objective numbers it killed more than the military period in Brazil The military period, so often mentioned, and remembered as a major attack of our democratic history actually, near the Vargas period, and even in the context of the difficulty of accessing sources from the Vargas
period itself it was a child's play Like every dictator, Vargas had the disarmament of the population as one of their central plans He instituted the disarmament campaign especially against his enemies in the Northeast and then that guys was disarmed and he went in there and killed them all He was a monster A Total Psychopath It's worth this contrast of a phrase from Vargas when he refers to his ministers in which he says that... "half of my ministers are incapable and the other half is capable of anything" So you see exactly what kind of people surrounded
Getúlio Vargas Brazil has an undemocratic culture That extols this father figure Freudian Who will take care of the people From cradle to grave How did Vargas introduce himself? The father Lula also presented himself as a father They were men who strategically understood our orphanhood We don't have... ...even though collective behavior often refers to this Brazilians don´t miss a Messiah Brazilian misses a father It's a helpless son. and so hostage to all these ideological perversities As a direct result of the unfolding of the First World War again the superpowers found themselves in a global conflict On
the one hand led by England and the United States Western forces had united in the struggle for the protection of their liberal and democratic values Representing what the world has known as allies On the other, the axis was represented by Nazi Germany and for fascist Italy that advocated authoritarian and centralizing regimes Getulio was highly sympathetic to the Nazism and Fascism axis Vargas wants this personality that was always defending extremes He starts the war cheering for the Axis and he is wanting to enter the second war supporting the Axis Brazil of Getúlio Vargas had not yet
entered the war However, the ideological sympathy of the Brazilian president for the axis countries it was written all over his acts of government What do labour rights have to do with liberal industrial England? What will labor rights have to do with any free power in the world? However We went to war alongside the allies Why is that? A lot of people are going to talk about the economic agreement, CSN, the steel works to build the steel works to have the base here so Vargas came across a lot of people are going to talk about it.
But I don't think we can forget too that there was much of a Western sensibility, and liberal in this sense of the defense of freedoms rooted in Western culture our people Because our people have manifested themselves in defense of Brazil entering the war alongside the allies Our people have spoken out for America In the name of the West Against fascism What could and should be highlighted of merit in this period from the point of view of the Brazilian man the Brazilian people it's our participation in World War II If we must and effectively we must
remember, look back and honour our great statesmen there are also those heroes who are people, in theory, absolutely common Seemingly banal Provincial they do not stand out in these sectors of intellectuality and public life but they give their lives for the good ideal they sacrifice themselves for the good ideal and who are as heroes or more hero than these others So it has to be remembered Our "Pracinhas" from the second war they're on the list So there's that little talk to do with it... "Oh, because there were very few" "Because they were peripheral battles" "its
because we were unprepared" And so on... and then they make fun of Make fun of men who have gone to fight in Europe in the old world and that they sacrifice themselves for it they make fun of… instead of being proud of the sacrifice of these men these great Brazilians Our “Pracinhas” are remembered to this day by the way they handled the local population for the way they treated the Italians: Montese, Monte Castelo And the cities where the Brazilian battles took place and that we've had a lot of casualties but we won the battles and
that, they are remembered for the affable dealing with people for the way they dealt with populations that it was not cold, that it was not distanced sharing food including their meal with that people they freed from the Nazi yoke So this is a great achievement of Brazil it has to be present if we want to... bringing up our patriotic sensibility They are our heroes our war heroes our veterans that in all countries are honoured those who fought in the war and in Brazil are often ignored they are discredited Original audio of the brazilian army singing
the national anthem under severe bombardment With the end of World War II the Brazilian scenario was not favorable to the president of the republic The free world emerged victorious on the battlefields and the government of Getúlio Vargas Already had countless scars Brazil at the end of the war in 1946 was already financially ruined a huge external debt very low financing capacity ideologically already vanquished because Vargas, at the beginning of his administration, had already been associated more for the axis that would be the Nazis and fascists who came out the great losers of World War II
The natural wear and tear of the regime the return of the “Pracinhas” that fought out there Alongside the allies against the Nazi authoritarian fascist axis this wear and tear causes a moment to come in 1945, where the New State will collapse it won't be able to last and in a second moment... it would be the mineiros' manifesto of 1943 There was a part of the mining elite, the intellectual and political elite of Minas Gerais they publish a document arguing that national development does not depend on dictatorship to happen and that therefore, Mr. Getúlio Vargas should
only... get his ass out of the chair... And give in the office for an election towards a de facto democratic transition October 29, 1945 Dear Listener, here speaks "Reporter Esso", eyewitness of the story. Attention, attention listeners President Getúlio Vargas resigned. The presidential decision was announced after forces from the military village, under the command of General Renato Paquet, advanced along Paissandu Street, towards the Guanabara Palace. Took over the government, Minister José Linhares, President of the Supreme Federal Court I've never been afraid of communists, I'm against communism. We set out for what appeared to be a crusade
for press freedom and ended up being a crusade, for national liberation. Those who enrich with public money have no vocation for hero Carlos Lacerda was born in Vassouras south of the State of Rio de Janeiro on April 30, 1914 He was the youngest of three brothers came from a very prominent family in the academic world in financial matters and in the political sphere He’s a wonder boy he starts writing in the newspaper at the age of 15, 16… already seen as a differentiated intelligence His family tradition was formed by the ideological colors of socialism his
father Maurício Lacerda Was a communist party activist He put the name of Carlos Frederico on his son for being a tribute to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels He begins to participate in politics more actively when the revolution of 1930... ...and with some communist friends he already plans labour movements on the streets promoting riots, loot, and break into stores but the police find out before this movement starts and he even went to prison for a while and then he left His period of communist militancy lasted until the age of 25 when he came into conflict with
the party leader; Luis Carlos Prestes The disagreement led to the expulsion of Lacerda from the PCB party And then that moment of his straying from the herd getting out of that atmosphere of a "sect" that totalitarian atmosphere of communism He spends that moment whining adapting to the new reality... and that’s it, over. So now let's move on Join UDN then he elects alderman founded in 1949 the: “Tribuna da Imprensa” with the support of some friends Lacerda's determination was already present at that moment Seeking financial support, he gathered hundreds of shareholders and founded a newspaper “A
Tribuna da Imprensa” On December 27, 1949 Soon consolidated the vehicle as the main opposition newspaper in the country And we're going to defend anti-communism Why? He then noticed that communism was the worst of dictatorships that it was harder to take down and that didn't even need it to take effect in Brazil simply because his experience with the Communists in his youth Had already showed this drama that communism would represent The strong opposition to Vargas gave Lacerda notoriety And this action began still in the government of Eurico Gaspar Dutra winner of the 1945 elections in the
gap between the first and second Varguista period Dutra would take charge of the country after Vargas' resignation Getúlio, in exchange for support for Dutra's candidacy, did not have his political rights revoked has not undergone any legal proceedings not even exile A dictator who tore up the constitution played with the constitution as he wished He imposed what he imposed, repressed what repressed, censured what he censured and consolidated an institutional and cultural political apparatus, authoritarian as he consolidated What's the hell with him? He's going to his "sweet farm" in São Borja. Lacerda says: "No, you couldn't have
done that" Between 1930 and 1945 it was 15 years of turbulence until the resignation During the Dutra government Getulio isolated himself on his farm in São Borja and it looked like a wild card in the 1950 presidential race What happens is... Samuel Wainer who was a well-known and important journalist He goes to Getúlio for a talk at his ranch... and he had a great interview with Getúlio and this interview is read by the political players of the country as being Getúlio's return to the Brazilian political scene In 1949 when the campaign began Vargas' name comes
back and starts to be commented again and it’s starting to worry too much a large part of the country's political forces Saying: Gosh, we stayed with the guy for 15 years running the country he left four years ago Brazil begins... makes a new democratic constitution in 1946 Begins to seek a path of redemocratization and in the first election in 1950 after the new constitution and redemocratization he's going to come back elected The fears of Carlos Lacerda and the opposition were confirmed on April 19, 1950 when Getúlio Vargas' candidacy was confirmed It then began a strong
press pressure against the former dictator Carlos Lacerda published in the Tribuna da Imprensa... Mr. Getúlio Vargas should not be a presidential candidate and if candidate, should not be elected if elected, should not take office Once sworn in, we must appeal to revolution to prevent him from governing. Getúlio Vargas at the age of 68 toured all regions of Brazil in his election campaign visiting a total of 77 cities Asserting his reputation as a populist Getúlio reintroduced himself to the Brazilian people as the "father of the poor" In his oratory he once again supported his old patrimonialist
policy but now, with progressive paints And Getúlio, who had been a dictator of almost fascist orientation allied with communists and trade unions... became something of a progressive hero During this journey Getulio delivered one of the most unforgettable sentences of his life "If I am elected on October 3 at the inauguration the people will climb with me the stairs of Catete and with me will stay in government" Vargas will adject the idea of political and society will understand that Vargas was not a politician Because there are Vargas speeches saying forcefully "The politicians"... with distancing and he
was a politician evidently... But society did not find in him a politician They found a father Vargas embodied the idea of moderating power he will create a gap between the idea of a politician and his own exercise of government so much so that he goes back into the arms of the people He wins the election On October 3, 1950 Getúlio Vargas emerges victorious in the presidential election with 49% of the vote From Vargas' return to power now legitimized by the popular vote Carlos Lacerda intensified his attacks on the president In his Tribuna de Imprensa Lacerda
printed headlines and wrote articles criticizing the figure of the president On inauguration day the cover of the newspaper bore the catastrophic headline "Towards the unknown" What Lacerda saw was a legal fiction a fiction of a democratized country of an institutionalized country but in fact put an authoritarian dictator that was there for 15 years in power and brought him back in the arms of the people in a totally flawed structure That can't happen! That was Lacerda's nonconformism at that moment it was so Faced with this reality I mean, it didn't do any good, it didn't change
anything then he comes back, supported by the whole structure that he had support But with one difference Now you had an elite in the press some groups in the press who would already oppose him that was no longer under state of siege state of absolute rule, and absolute censorship A New State Now there's press there's the Lacerda´s Tribuna da Imprensa. They'll offer to Lacerda the possibility of him talking... on television So the thing is different now Vargas is going to have to deal with pressure When you win the election, and takes over in this 1950
election he decides to create a large communication group Ruling To give a governing counterpoint to what he considered this press ...opposition What does he do? He then takes Samuel Wainer who was a journalist And he... figures something out... basically public banks Banco do Brasil and such to give a lot of money to Samuel Wainer for him to turn, suddenly... from reporter to one of the country's largest communication entrepreneurs And then he's going to launch his paper; "Última Hora" that it's a newspaper that's born With the best and most modern graphic design in the country with
such a large amount of money that he manages to buy one of the major graphic parks hiring some of the most important journalists and columnists of Brazilian journalism And then a war begins where Lacerda represents this oppositional force not only the government, but Vargas government's communication machine He starts hitting a lot every day... in this maneuver of Vargas government from basically using public money and public banks in order to create this governing press and one of the things Lacerda asks for is a "CPI" He wanted a parliamentary committee of inquiry to investigate how was the
nature of these loans and the evidence began to emerge I mean, Samuel Wainer's bank guarantees, and his group to raise that money were very precarious the volume of money given to him compared to competitors' enterprise pattern was a much bigger amount "We want Banco do Brasil not to be open to the political and financial adventures of neither the family nor the Vargas gang"! Lacerda... he discovers information that would change this whole story Brazil had a law prohibiting foreign groups from controlling communication groups Carlos Lacerda, he discovers... That Samuel Wainer actually, he wasn't Brazilian That his
parents, Jews they had immigrated to Brazil and his parents changed his documents his birth certificate for him to have benefits of Brazilian born but they were doctored documents And when Lacerda finds out the next day the headline of the Press Tribune was: Samuel Wainer is not Brazilian Lacerda: What did he do when the doors of Banco do Brasil opened to get out of there the money with which a foreigner and an adventurer have enriched? It is indispensable that he smooths things over and he, who had no scruples to tear up a Constitution, tear up the
'Last Hour'!" These events end up leading to an extreme rivalry between Lacerda and Vargas Intensifying to an event that would change dramatically ...the direction of Brazilian politics Attention, please informs Globo No Ar in an extraordinary edition. Rio de Janeiro urgent It occurred a few minutes ago on Toneleros Street in Copacabana, a shooting attack on journalist Carlos Lacerda. He returned home accompanied by his son Sergio, and an officer of the aeronautics. There's at least one fatality. We will be back any time with more details about the event. On the night of August 5, 1954 realizing the
approach of a shooter Major Rubens Vaz, Carlos Lacerda's personal guard tried to stop the journalist from being murdered. Lacerda: I turned back to say goodbye to Vaz, I saw a guy in a flex bucket hat... a mulatto crossing the street, I was standing on the other side... crossing the street and come behind the car... at a distance like this... about 3 metres from the car. But it was an instant thing immediately he opened his jacket, he pulled out a gun and started shooting. And all of a sudden, when I look like that behind the car...
I see a fallen body When I look, it's Vaz. So the military they want to investigate, they want to know who killed this Major of the Air Force then a military police inquiry is set up an IPM within this possibility of having been at the behest of the government to have been at the behest of Getúlio Vargas they arrive at Lutero Vargas, his son they get to his brother Benjamin Vargas Lacerda himself believed that... The order to do that... came from Vargas' brother they get to the name of Vargas' personal guard that was Gregório Fortunato
So I, Coronel Scarpa, ask Gregório: to whom do you owe, as head of the guard, immediate obedience? To the Head of the Military House and to the President of the Republic The fact is that this is interpreted as a Vargas policy that is, it was a guy in Vargas' office who would have shot Then Vargas comes to be seen as a... Tyrant Unjustifiable So Lacerda's going to talk to General Zenóbio da Costa Look, you have to solve this. The crisis is there You guys have to get this guy out of there. Talk to him so
he can get out. For him to resign As investigations into the Tonelero street bombing unfold the pressure for the resignation of Getúlio Vargas came from the press from political power and the Brazilian population The country goes into deep crisis Street demonstrations, brawl... The crisis was so strong that Vice President Café Filho even suggested to Vargas that they both resign their mandates Vargas rejects the proposal With all sectors of society mobilized against the president and in favour of his resignation Brazil was about to meet one of the greatest traumas in its history "Attention, attention, listeners... Attention
to this extraordinary edition... of Globo no Ar President Getúlio Vargas has just committed suicide at Catete Palace. I repeat; President Getúlio Vargas has just committed suicide at Catete Palace. Stay tuned, more information at any time. Getúlio Vargas committed suicide It was an extreme act evidently but Getúlio Vargas was a person, That from a very young age he already regarded the act of suicide as a political act I believe that this hence is also part of psychopathy That is, to take revenge on others With his self-destruction He in fact, killing himself he created the livelihood of
his political scheme You know he then writes a letter, a will with very strong and impactful phrases that he would give his life to get into history in fact he got He manages to get out of this very popular In some sense he still remains in the imagination as a great leader Durkheim in his explanation of suicide he will describe exactly the difference of a suicidal and Vargas brings together a strategic suicidal By shooting himself in the chest, not in the face Vargas understood well that he needed to keep his face clean He needed to
die to be remembered and not disfigured and the face is a singular element in the idea of positivists where, I fit Vargas, to a large extent So to the aspect of a government a regime that democratically returns to power That censured and who pursued but it was popular Then we have a political change differently... of Dom Pedro II that brought together sensitivities to a need of Brazil to have politicians with strength Incisive Choleric and Vargas will have inaugurated this tradition like: I need a politician who is a father, who has strength, and who exercises authority
That which... Brazil has managed not to be That is, a “republiqueta” With Vargas, Brazil becomes A “caudilist republiqueta” empty of senses and with a possibility of resignification which is... unfortunately, our cancer to this day The end The end? The Last Crusade
