hello and welcome to my channel in this channel we explain various nursing concepts in a simple form for better and easy understanding these videos could be used by both lpn and rn students as well as nurses who are trying to refresh their basic concepts my name is nasmosh in this video we're gonna start talking about our cancers that affect the gi system we're gonna talk about coral rectal cancer pancreatic cancer as well as liver cancer so let's start with coral rectal cancer so screening for this cancer starts at the age of 50 and it's completely
every 10 years if nothing shows up initially on the colonoscopy they keep it at 10 years but if the patient has a polyp removal they're required to have more frequent colonoscopies or they could choose to even have a sigmoidoscopy every five years in state so technically is like if you get a polyp removal you're of a high risk so we're going to monitor you more frequently and the screening tool for colorectal cancers include the fecal occult blood test and a colonoscopy so most of the time you'll see like a community health question they'll ask you
how often they do the fecal occult is annually so risk factors for colorectal cancer include smoking what kind of diet you're taking right being physically inactive genetics as well as people of an older age signs and symptoms of this include rectal breathing that's why we do the fecal occult and then there's also changes in bowel patterns color and consistency so your stool changes something is wrong with your moving of your bowels how do we diagnose this if we get a positive fecal occult blood test that is a diagnostic tool we can also do our imaging
our ct scan mri colonoscopy as well as our golden standard which is a biopsy treatment for this includes chemotherapy radiation as well as surgery so with coretta cancer somebody could end up with complications like a complete interstellar block obstruction or cororectal tumor so if you have a blockage so you know depending on how high it is go back to endocrine our gi method videos the higher it is you know and the lower it is the types of stools somebody will be getting so let's talk about pancreatic cancer with pancreatic cancer it has a very high
motility rate because it's not really detected early so any type of cancer that has a high motility rate it has a poor prognosis like a poor diagnosis for it to be early diagnosed right so pancreatic carcinoma has a vague manifestation and is usually diagnosed in late stages after liver and gall bladder involvement so with this you'll end up with an involvement of the operettas or the gi system other parts of the gi system and that makes it a very bad or a high motility rate for it so risk factors for this include some diseases like
chronic pancreatitis cirrhosis diabetes mellitus metastatics from other cancers like breast lung kidney as well as skin being of older age as well as genetics with our diagnostics we can do our biopsy our golden standard with imaging we can do like endoscopy we can do abdominal paracentartitis that's when they use a needle to insert in your abdomen and they remove some fluid to check what that fluid you're getting when you have a situs and as well as we can check for tumor markers nursing care for this patient so always manage pain it's always a priority intervention
with all our cancer patients we monitor for blood glucose and administer insulin as prescribed to junostomy in the geogenum that's when they'll place an ostomy is often placed to provide entire feeding and we increase the feeding as tolerated and we monitor for frequency of diarrhea with frequency of diarrhea indicates that the patient is not tolerating this food they're having like a dumping syndrome so treatment for this include of course chemotherapy we can have some surgical interventions palliative care to relieve and prevent symptoms because remember this has a poor diagnosis like it's not very well has
a high motility rate so we will send these patients to politificate to manage their pain some complications of this include fistulas which is the breaking down of the site of their anastomosis right anastomosis sorry about that pretonitis which is internal leakage of corrosive pancreatic fluid as well as thromboembolism which is due to a hypercoagulable state caused by necrotic products let's talk about liver cancer so risk factors for this include all the age cirrhosis being over male as well as tobacco use diagnostic of course our biopsy labs will be checking for t albumin b when will
always be elevated we'll have some imaging cd scan and nursing care for this patient we will always since we are talking about our liver we'll have this patient on bleeding precautions we'll administer blood products to replace any blood volume loss and as well as clotting factors will encourage this patient to eat small meals will measure the abdominal girth because oversized to see if the there is more buildup of fluid because whenever you have that buildup of fluid it will affect your respiratory your lungs your diaphragm are not going to expand well right so we need
to know if this patient is gaining more fluid in their abdominal we assess for adequate nutrition we encourage these patients to avoid you know alcohol use because alcohol is one of the reasons why people end up with liver cirrhosis right and we also restrict fluids in patients with the situation is that abnormal retaining of fluid you will see the stomach moving like you know it's like water in the stomach because we don't want them to continue retaining this fluid increasing the volume of this fluid and as i told you the more fluid they retain the
higher the chance they're getting respiratory involvement and their respiratory gets compromised because it's not opening the lungs are not opening effectively well how do we treat this patient we could give them medications like targeted therapy hepatic arterial infusion we could do a hepatic artery embolization we can do ablation procedures right with hepatic atari embolism this is where we monitor bleeds after the procedure and with abbreviation procedures we monitor for hypothermia bile leakage hemorrhage and urine of myoglobin we can also do uh surgical procedures as treatment some complications that could arise from this type of cancer
include acute live rejection after a liver transplant because patients could end up getting a liver transplant and with liver transplant these the criteria the patient has to meet to get it so you could end up with an acute liver rejection and this has to be resolved as fast as possible to prevent the dismiss of the patient and you could also have liver or kidney failure due to impaired blood flow to the kidneys that's it for our gi see you in the next one thank you for watching please like share and subscribe to my channel see
you on the next one bye
