welcome to storing vau get ready everyone because this story will take you on an exciting Adventure let the story begin Islam is a big religion in the world about 1.9 billion people are Muslims Muslims live in many countries around the world you can find large groups of Muslims in Asia Africa and the Middle East and also in Europe and America Islam started a long time ago in a place called Mecca in Arabia this was in the 7th Century Muslims believe in one God they call God Allah they believe that God sent prophets to guide people
for Muslims Prophet Muhammad is the last and most important prophet the holy book of Islam is called the Quran Muslims believe the Quran is the word of God the Muslim world is very diverse there are different cultures and ways of life in Muslim countries people speak different languages and have different Traditions however they are united by their shared faith in Islam this book will tell you more about Islam we will learn about the beginning of Islam and the life of prophet Muhammad we will also talk about the main beliefs and important practices in Islam we
will see how Islam grew over time and the different groups within Islam finally we will look at Islam in the world today and its culture and Society two the beginning before Islam the Arabian Peninsula was a different place many people lived in tribes and often fought with each other in Mecca a city in Arabia people believed in many gods and goddesses and had Idols the cabba a building in Mecca was important to them and housed many Idols Muhammad was born in Mecca around the year 570 he became known as a trustworthy man he worked as
a Trader later he married kadesia a businesswoman Muhammad was was thoughtful and often worried about the problems he saw around him in Mecca he would go to a cave near Mecca to think and pray around the year 610 when Muhammad was about 40 years old Muslims believe something important happened while in the cave it is said that he received his first message from God through the angel Gabriel these messages are called Revelations over the next year years Muhammad continued to receive Revelations these Revelations are written down in the Quran which Muslims believe is the word
of God at first Muhammad told only his close friends and family about these messages slowly more people in Mecca started to listen to him and became Muslims they believed in one God Allah and followed Muhammad's teachings however many people in Mecca did not like this new religion they did not want to stop believing in their old gods they started to treat the early Muslims badly because of this bad treatment in the year 622 Muhammad and his followers moved from Mecca to a city called Medina this journey is called the hedra the hedra is very important
in Islam it marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar in Medina Muhammad and the Muslims were welcomed the people of Medina who became Muslims are called ansar meaning helpers the Muslims who migrated from Mecca are called muhajirun meaning migrants in Medina Muhammad became not only a religious leader but also a political leader he helped to create a community based on Islamic teachings however the people in Mecca did not leave the Muslims alone there were battles between the meccans and the Muslims from Medina important battles like the Battle of B happened there were also treaties like
the Treaty of hudia made to try and bring peace after some years Muhammad and his followers became stronger in 629 Muhammad and the Muslims returned to Mecca this time they entered me without much fighting most people in Mecca accepted Islam the cabba was cleared of idols and became the most holy place in Islam before he died Muhammad gave his final sermon in this sermon he talked about important Islamic teachings in 632 Muhammad died in Medina by this time most of Arabia had become Muslim Muhammad's life and teachings are the foundation of Islam three main beliefs
Muslims have several important beliefs these beliefs are the base of their religion one key belief is in God Muslims believe in one God and they call God Allah for Muslims God is unique and has no Partners they believe God created everything in the world God is seen as powerful and merciful Muslims believe they should worship only God they do not use images of God because God is beyond human form Muslims also believe in angels angels are beings created by God they worship God and do God's work for example Angels bring messages from God to prophets
angels are also believed to record people's actions some famous angels have names like Gabriel holy books are important in Islam Muslims believe God sent messages to humanity through different prophets these messages are in holy books the most important holy book for Muslims is the Quran they believe the Quran is the exact words of God revealed to Prophet Muhammad Muslims also respect other holy books like the Torah and the gospel but believe they have been changed over time they see the Quran as the final and unchanged message from God belief in prophets is also Central Muslims
believe God sent many prophets to guide people these prophets include Adam Noah Abraham Moses and Jesus Muslims believe Muhammad is the last prophet they see him as the most important Prophet because he received the final message the Quran Muslims believe all prophets taught the same basic idea to submit to God Muslims believe in a day of judgment they believe there will be a time when all people will be judged by God for their actions in life on this day people who have lived righteously will go to paradise which is described as a beautiful garden people
who have done wrong will be punished in hell this belief encourages Muslims to live good lives and follow God's teachings another belief is in Divine decree also known as Kadar this means Muslims believe that God has already decided everything that will happen both good and bad they believe that nothing happens without God's knowledge in permission however this belief does not mean people have no choices Muslims still believe they are responsible for their actions they often say insha meaning if God Wills when talking about future events showing their belief in God's plan four important practices Islam
has important practices IES that Muslims follow these practices help Muslims in their daily life and show their faith in God the most important practices are called the five pillars of Islam the first pillar is the testimony of Faith called shahada it is a simple sentence that says there is no God except God and Muhammad is the messenger of God saying this sentence shows that a person believes in Islam and in one God Allah it is the most important belief in Islam the second pillar is prayer called Salah Muslims pray five times each day they pray
in the morning before sunrise at noon in the afternoon after Sunset and at night when they pray they face the cabba in Mecca prayer is a way to speak to God and to remember him Muslims wash before prayer to be clean the third pillar is charity called zakat Muslims who have money give a small part of it to people in need this is like giving to the poor helping people in debt or supporting good causes zakat helps to share wealth and care for others in the community it is usually 2. 5% of a person's extra
money each year the fourth pillar is fasting called P during the month of Ramadan Muslims do not eat or drink from sunrise to sunset this is fasting it helps Muslims to learn self-control to be thankful for what they have and to think about people who are poor and hungry fasting is a special time of worship and reflection the fifth pillar is pilgrimage called Haj if a Muslim is healthy and can afford it they should go to Mecca in Saudi Arabia once in their life this is a pilgrimage during Hajj Muslims visit important places and perform
special actions Hajj is a time for Muslims from all over the world to come together and show their faith besides the Five Pillars there are other important practices Dicker means remembering God Muslims do Dicker by saying phrases that praise God Dua means asking God for help or guidance Muslims make Dua in their prayers and at other times Dicker and Dua help Muslims to stay connected to God in their daily lives and to feel peace and closeness to him five the growth of Islam after Muhammad died Islam grew quickly the first leaders were called cffs these
first four cffs are known as the rashidun cffs they were Abu Bakr Umar uthman and Ali during this time Muslim rule expanded outside of Arabia the rashidun caliphate was followed by the umad caliphate the umiads ruled a large area from Spain to India later the Abbasid caliphate became important under the abbasids there was a period called the Islamic golden age in the Islamic Golden Age the Muslim world made big steps forward in science art and ideas Muslim Scholars studied and made new discoveries in medicine mathematics and astronomy they also wrote many books and created beautiful
art this was a time of great learning and culture in the Muslim World Islam also spread through trade Muslim Traders traveled to different parts of the world like Africa and Asia they brought their goods and their religion with them cultural exchange also helped Aslam to grow as people learned about Islamic ideas and practices over time the large caliphate started to break into smaller parts different Muslim groups and leaders became more independent new Muslim states and dynasties appeared even though the caliphate became weaker Islam continued to be important in many areas and kept spreading to new
places through different ways like trade and preaching six different groups in Islam like in many religions there are different groups most Muslims share the same core beliefs and practices however over time time different ideas and interpretations have appeared this chapter will talk about some of these main groups the two biggest groups are Sunni and Shia Muslims Sunni Muslims are the majority making up about 85 to 90% of Muslims around the world the name Sunni comes from the word sunna which means the traditions and practices of prophet Muhammad Sunni Muslims believe in following the sunna and
the community they also believe that the first leaders after Prophet Muhammad were rightful Shia Muslims are the second largest group about 10 to 15% of Muslims the word Shia means followers of Ali Shia Muslims believe that after Prophet Muhammad the leadership should have passed to his family starting with his cousin Ali this difference in opinion about who should have led the Muslim Community after Prophet Muhammad is the main historical reason for the Sunni Shia split over time other theological and legal differences also developed between these two groups besides Suni and Shia there is also Sufism
Sufism is not a separate group like Sunni or Shia but more of a way of practicing Islam sufis focus on the mystical side of Islam they try to have a direct personal experience of God Sufism is about inner spiritual growth and love for God people who follow Sufism can be Sunni or Shia there are also smaller groups within Islam one example is ibadi Islam this group is smaller than Sunni and Shia and has some different beliefs another example is the amadia movement which started in the 19th century however many other Muslims do not consider ahmadia
to be part of Islam because of some of their beliefs it is important to remember that even Within These groups there is diversity Muslims around the world have different cultures and ways of understanding their faith this chapter gives a simple overview of some of the main groups in Islam but the Muslim world is very diverse and complex seven Islam in the world today today Islam is a big religion around the world about 1.9 billion people are Muslims this is about 24% of all people in the world it is the second largest religion after Christianity many
Muslims live in Asia especially in countries like Indonesia Pakistan India and Bangladesh there are also many Muslims in the Middle East North Africa and parts of Africa Muslim communities can be found in Europe the Americas and China too Islam is growing faster than any other major religion this is mostly because Muslim families are often young and have children some people also become Muslims there are different groups within Islam the two main groups are Sunni and Shia most Muslims are Sunni about 85 to 90% Shia Muslims are about 10 to 15% these groups started because of
disagreements about who should lead the Muslim Community after Prophet Muhammad over time they also develop different ideas about religion and law Sufism is another important part of Islam it is a mystical way of understanding Islam Sufi try to have a direct personal experience with God Sufism is not a separate group but a way of practicing Islam that is followed by both Sunni and Shia Muslims Islamic law called Sharia is important for Muslims Sharia guides Muslims in all parts of their lives from daily routines to Family Matters and how Society should work however how Sharia is
understood and used is different in different places and among different groups some Muslims believe Sharia should be the law of the land While others think it is more about personal guidance Muslims face different challenges and opportunities today in many Muslim majority countries Islam plays a big role in society and politics Muslims are trying to find ways to live in the modern world while keeping their faith in Traditions there are many different ideas about how to do this some Muslims want to reform or change some Islamic teachings to fit modern times others believe in going back
to the earliest practices of Islam these different ideas and movements are part of the ongoing discussion and development within Islam in the world today communication technology helps Muslims around the world to share ideas and learn about Islam this has led to new interpretations and a greater awareness of diverse viewpoints within the Muslim faith eight culture and Society Islam is not only a religion but also affects the culture and Society of Muslims Islamic law called Sharia is important for many Muslims Sharia comes from the Quran and the Sunnah the Sunnah are the teachings and actions of
Prophet Muhammad these are the main sources for Sharia Muslim Scholars also use other methods like thinking and agreement to understand and apply Sharia to Modern Life Sharia guides Muslims on how to live in many areas such as family work and Community Islamic ethics and morals are also very important Islam teaches Muslims to be good people honesty kindness fairness and respect for others are key values Muslims are encouraged to be truthful in their words and actions they should help those in need and treat everyone justly these ethical principles guide Muslims in their daily lives and relationships
family and Community are Central in Islamic Society family is seen as the foundation of society respect for elders and taking care of family members are very important values the community called Uma is also vital Muslims feel a sense of belonging to a global Community they are encouraged to support each other and work together for the common good mosques are not only places for prayer but also community centers where people meet and help each other Islamic culture has produced beautiful art architecture and literature Islamic Art often uses geometric patterns and calligraphy calligraphy is the art of
beautiful writing often using Arabic script from the Quran because of religious reasons traditional Islamic Art does not usually show people or animals in detail Islamic architecture is known for mosques with domes minettes tall towers and arches these buildings are often decorated with intricate designs Islamic literature includes poetry stories and scholarly works that have influenced many cultures Muslims have made significant contributions to science medicine and philosophy throughout history during the Islamic Golden Age Muslim Scholars made advancements in mathematics astronomy medicine and other fields they preserved and built upon Knowledge from ancient Greece and other civilizations important
thinkers and scientists from the Muslim World contributed to the development of these subjects which later influenced Europe and the rest of the world Islam has always been in contact with other cultures and religions throughout history there have been interactions and exchanges with different societies Islam teaches respect for other religions especially for Christians and Jews who are seen as people of the book while there have been conflicts at times there have also been periods of peaceful coexistance and cultural exchange Muslims are encouraged to live peacefully with people of other faiths and to engage in respectful dialogue
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