But the discoveries of the Kepler mission suggest that there are billions of habitable planets in our galaxy alone and there are at least a hundred billion galaxies in the visible universe. Aliens' biggest search hunt so far, the Breakthrough Listen Project, in which 97 galaxies and 6 million radio signals were studied in the last 9 years. And finally, we have the results of that research.
Finally, did we find any modern civilization in this huge universe? Or even after searching for billions of solar systems in these 97 galaxies, this same thing proved again that we are alone. The second biggest mystery is that how did this mission, which started in 2015, study billions of stars of 97 galaxies in just 9 years?
Is it even possible to do this? After all, in this mission, which technology is used to study billions of stars of 97 galaxies in just 9 years? Is it even possible to do this?
After all, in this mission, which technology is used to study billions of stars of 97 galaxies in just 9 years? Is it even possible to do this? Is it even possible to do this?
Well, there are many more questions to be answered, but they are not only interesting but also necessary. How were the first creatures born on our Earth? Can our Earth be even threatened by an alien civilization?
Can our Earth be any more than a question? Can our Earth be any more than a question? And yes, in this video, I would like to know in the comments, There is also a hidden message ahead that will give you a big learning.
So what did you learn from it? Write in the comment section below and I will pin the smartest answer in my comment section. So in the 1960s, when the mission to find extraterrestrial life forms started, the biggest question was, where to start?
Finally, the answer was that first of all, let's find such exoplanets which are in the habitable zone of our sun, just like our earth. That is, in such a zone where the water of that planet can exist in its liquid form because of the host star. Next step was to find such biosignatures on those exoplanets, that is, such molecules which are mostly made up of only organisms on earth.
For example, after many decades of exploration, we found such a compound, which is dimethyl sulfide, which at least produces only marine algae, that is, phytoplanktons, on earth. This is due to some volcanic activity. So this means that by finding this compound and some such compounds, we could finally start the exploration of aliens.
But then, think again, is it that easy to find aliens? Obviously not. And that's why NASA and ESA launched three big space missions under this strategy.
Corot, Gaia and Kepler. And in fact, with their help, they shortlisted 63 planets out of 5,572. But in the end, no luck.
Now, after this, almost all scientists had already given up. But then, about four months ago, a paper was published, saying that Kepler found dimethyl sulfide on a planet. And that too, with considerable surety.
Now, this was a game changer for this entire mission. Actually, when NASA scientists were studying exoplanets with the help of biosignatures, they found such an exoplanet, K2-18B, whose atmosphere was very similar to that of the Earth. Its atmosphere was also filled with carbon dioxide, methane, and such ordinary molecules.
But as soon as the data of that planet was looked at in more detail, it was found that there was also a small amount of dimethyl sulfide present there. So now, was it enough to prove the presence of an alien life in the K2-18B atmosphere? Well, honestly speaking, yes.
That research paper, has mentioned that it is not made from a non-biological natural process like a volcano. But, having said that, it is not that we cannot make it artificially on Earth today. We can easily make this compound in labs today.
We just have to react hydrogen sulfide and methanol at a temperature of 380 degrees Celsius. And done. Now, your dimethyl sulfide is ready.
So, in this case, it is also possible that the exact same conditions are present on K2-18B, and it is being made naturally there, without any algae or phytoplankton-like creatures. Meaning, until we confirm our discovery, at least we cannot prove on K2-18B that there is no hydrogen sulfide and methanol there. Until then, we have to hold on to the fact that most certainly, there is no life form there.
At least, it is not proved. In fact, this is the reason why scientists were simultaneously looking for other methods, in which there was even a small doubt, whether there is life there or not. And a similar method was developed to confirm the presence of life called detecting technosignatures.
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And now once again, let's connect with our topic. We were talking about how technosignatures are the second method that can detect alien life. Look, any intelligent civilization will use technology for communication.
Now, like our communication technology, like FM radio, TV, mobile phones, or satellite, emits radio signals in space, likewise, their technology will also emit radio signals. So, the method of detecting such technology-generated radio signals was named by scientists as technosignatures. By the way, intelligent life also has prominent markers.
And that's why, to detect these technosignatures, Frank Drke, known physicist Stephen Hawking, and Israeli scientist Yuri Milner, together launched the Breakthrough Listen Project in 2015. Under this, they started searching for technosignatures in the 1700 stars in the Milky Way center. Because they believed that, no matter where they are, intelligent technology can be found in the stars in the center.
Now, why is this so? Let's understand this with the example of the Earth. So, 4.
6 billion years after the creation of the Sun and the Earth, man first stepped on it. And then, after just 300,000 years, we started making such technology that can send technosignatures into space. Meaning, when we started sending technosignatures, by then, the Sun had already lived half of its life.
This means that, the older the star, the more intelligent life can be found on the planets around it. And the chances of that being the case will be higher. And in any galaxy, the oldest stars are present in its center.
And that's why, researchers selected the stars in the center of the Milky Way. But, while studying the radio signals coming from these stars, they faced a problem. The problem was, how can I differentiate between the radio signals coming from the stars, black holes, and pulsars in the galaxy, and the radio signals coming from intelligent civilizations?
Well, to differentiate between these two, the researchers first studied the frequency at which the stars, black holes, and pulsars emit radio signals. Now, after finding out the frequency of the radio signals of these space events, they started looking for radio signals that were different from them. Now, after thinking so deeply, after completing such a big project, did the scientists get such technosignatures in the center of our Milky Way, which give a hint about advanced alien civilization?
Well, the scientists got 11 signals that were not matching with any natural object. But, unfortunately, until now, they had not got any solid evidence that could confirm that these signals are from intelligent civilizations. Which means, basically, after doing all this, they were at the same place where they started.
So, where did they go wrong? Well, there are millions of stars in the center of the Milky Way, of which these researchers have found only 1700, i. e.
1% of the stars in the Milky Way. Meaning, there are very high chances that many radio signals have been missed. Now, one way to rectify this could be that our satellites should not only detect the stars in the center of the Milky Way, but should detect technosignatures in every direction.
But, the downside to this was that it would take a lot of effort and its outcome would be very low. Because, ultimately, all the signals that we would have detected would have been only from our Milky Way. That is, it was necessary to find a way to find out and then, once again, to evaluate and update.
Scientists thought that they could do one thing. Instead of finding the stars of their own galaxy, they could study other galaxies. This way, they could study billions of stars in one go.
And that's why, in 2023, they came up with a method that could study trillions of stars at the same time. For this, they first identified the closest galaxies to the Milky Way. Then, with the help of the Green Bank Radio Telescope in the US, they collected data of about 1440 TB of the radio signals coming from them.
Now, to store this much data, it would take us 11,200 pendrives of 128 GB. And it would take researchers 4 years to process it. And so, instead of studying all the data manually, they thought of filtering it step by step.
First of all, they identified which of all the radio signals was coming from the planet. Now, because the planets orbit around their stars, the frequency of the radio waves coming from them keeps increasing. It's similar to when an ambulance comes near us, the frequency of the sound waves coming from it increases.
And when it's going away from us, the frequency decreases. This effect is called the Doppler Shift Effect. So, to find the signals coming from the planet from this data, scientists used a software called Turbo SETI to select only those signals that show the Doppler Shift.
And then, after using this filter, they found 6 million signals coming from some planet. That means, out of 97 galaxies, they identified 6 million planets that were coming from artificial radio signals like ours. But, there was still a high chance that some of these signals could have been radio signals emitted by our satellites.
Because, after all, their telescopes were present on Earth. So, to filter these unwanted signals or background noise, these researchers started looking in every direction. Basically, they looked at all the signals individually for 5 minutes, and then turned their faces from those signals for the next 5 minutes.
Now, what happened is that the signals coming from the galaxies were detected for 5 minutes, and the next 5 minutes disappeared. But, the signals that were coming from the background noise were detected even when the telescope was not looking at the galaxies. So, after filtering the background noise, finally, the researchers found that out of the original 6 million signals, only 1,519 were left.
These signals were coming from a planet that looked artificial, and there was no background noise. So, at this point, finally, did we get clues about an advanced alien civilization? Well, to find out, they manually studied these 1519 signals one by one, and what they found was extremely disappointing.
Actually, out of these 1519 signals, every single signal was the radio signals of our own technology. But, how? If you remember, I had already told you that the scientists had already eliminated the background noise.
So, how did these signals come out of the background noise? Actually, at this stage, the scientists had made a simple but significant mistake. They had just eliminated the frequencies that were coming from our satellites.
But, they had forgotten to eliminate the radio frequencies coming from the radio, TV, and mobile devices. So, if we consider these frequencies, then these 1519 signals were also the background noise of our surroundings, which was only initially left out of us. That is, friends, and let this sink in, all in all, out of the 6 million signals found in the 97 galaxies, not a single signal came out that could tell the story of the existence of an alien.
So, what does this say about their research? Well, first of all, our life is so freaking damn rare. There are billions of planets in the 97 galaxies, but we have never seen a living, intelligent being like ourselves.
Well, we take this 80-year-old experience of consciousness, which we call life, for granted. I mean, this universe existed 14 billion years before our birth. But we had no sense of it.
There was no feeling, no consciousness of being alive. And this very universe is going to be alive for billions of years. But we only got 80 years, which is a good fortune.
And from this perspective, our time becomes the most priceless thing in the universe, which is equal to everyone, but how many people treat it as the most priceless thing? And how many people in this moment of our lives have the curiosity to know and understand our creator, the universe, and all its creations? Only a conscious, intelligent life like ours can do this.
But many people have not even realized this simple fact yet. With this understanding, this lost research ironically teaches us to win too. You know, we tried our best to find aliens, put in the best equipment, put in the best brains, spent crores of rupees.
Even after that, we failed. But just like that, how many times did we fail in making an ordinary electric bulb or a computer? Yet, today, we carry a computer that is a thousand times more computing than an 1850s computer.
And this is exactly what a scientific mindset is. A winning mindset. When you lose, analyze the reasons for your loss again.
Evaluate again with the first principle approach. Think of new ideas for improvements. Fail 10 times, but in the end, do something that will change human history forever.
A scientific mindset is a winner's mindset. Because science has the power to bring a change anywhere it's needed. And even if it's your life's problems, health problems, mental health, a bad relationship, career, finance, or anywhere.
Now, this scientific mindset, this winning mindset, has recently been adopted by the Toyota Company with the concept of a new water engine, which can beat the entire EV industry. Now, how exactly does this concept work? And how can high-powered cars run on water?
I have covered this in detail in my previous video, that you should definitely consider checking out. And yes, friends, don't forget to visit neatwale. com where you will find 40,000-plus MCQs, PYQs with explanations.
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Jai Hind!
