so now we've looked at emancipation in more detail we're gonna have a little look at the other reforms that happened during the reign of Alexander the second and these really take three different different like areas of society and government so we have military reforms we have local government and judiciary and then education reforms okay so we're gonna start really with why there was really a need for reform at this period of time so there was disappointment to emancipation with unrest in the countryside like I said 647 peasant revolts peasant revolts in four months that was
from the last video okay and there were issues with the edict they were issued with the edict that needed and to have reforms so there were there were issues with the edict okay so we're gonna start with military reforms just because this is the closest one here and we're gonna have a look at what these reforms were whether or not they were successful and and then we'll start to look at other reforms okay so there were a number of military reforms that occurred in 1874 1874 was the year of military reforms scrips conscription was made
compulsory for everyone over 20 years old this led to a large army so this this created a large army this created a large army okay however the length of service was reduced to 15 years and there were some improvements put in force in terms of warfare welfare okay and then there was an introduction of modern weaponry because the emancipation of serfdom allowed for a greater industrialization and so then there can be more modern updates in military okay so this was this was partly done by industrialization so partly done through industrialization through industry okay so would
these reforms successful well on one hand the army was this greater a large army okay on one hand like compared to like paid to pay to other armies and compared to the army beforehand it was smaller right okay but was better trained so we have a smaller and better trained military service okay and this actually reduced the cost of the military on the Russian Empire if you remember before if you remember beforehand like during the Crimean War was happening here during the Crimean War sorry about these weird scribbles the Crimean War forty five percent of
GDP was going towards the army okay and there was also education in the army there was a campaign for stronger education okay however we do see that officers were still mainly aristocrats and the top in society and they also had a war between Turkey in 1877 and 1880 1878 okay so it took longer than expected these aren't really big issues so I'd say that overall the reforms were generally seen as pretty successful for the military however obviously there are always little issues with it that we can argue for an essay question when it comes to
local and judicial reforms we've got a lot more okay so in 1864 we see the zemstvos created and these were local councils okay now these are very important throughout Russian history so these become increasingly important these become increasingly important so learn the name the increasingly important okay the councils were to be elected through an indirect system giving an initial vote to Nobles so we do have democracy so this is democracy in it in a way okay this is relatively democratic since there's not very many systems of government in the world at this point that have
elected officials the big question is though was the subs fur successful well really the Zeb's fur offered a representative government at a local level okay so again this ties into the idea of democracy okay this was a democratic local representation for government okay however they were dominated by the nobility and they have no control over taxation or law and order so we see really a trend with the reign of Alexander the second where we have a number of reforms so a number of liberal reforms a number of liberal reforms the the sort of that exemplify
the the distribution of of wealth okay the that all the class system shall we saying that eggs there's a class system so what I mean by this is these reforms are very liberal they're very progressive reforms for for the time we get democracy however they do just sort of show as the underlying issue with society in Russia which is there it was all non dominated by Nobles which make up a very small percentage of the population okay there were also quite a few judicial reforms so in 1864 there was a single system of local provincial
and national courts so we have a development of a court system so development of a court system really a judiciary as a whole so a judiciary as a whole okay criminal cases were to be put before barristers in a jury like we have in today all classes were judged before the law at each proceeding was public which is important so there was no bias for the richer so there was no inherent bias and no inherent bias okay and this led to pay and training of of judges in this in this new system and obviously this
led to a fair and less corrupt system of judiciary okay one of the most revolutionary of its time in fairness so so far we're seeing a number of liberal reforms and not a lot of real problems with these reforms let's move on to education which is over here okay so educational reforms are also quite complex for Alexander the second okay so one area of Russian modernization was the improvement of Education the Zephir the the local government we had talked about earlier to responsibility for primary education free primary education was made available to all new vocational
schools were established and universities were made made self-governing in 1863 so this led to university independence ok independent universities independent universities ok the question is really word these good reforms well the the results do speak for themselves so between 1856 and 1880 the number of primary scores increased by 3 so 3 times more primary schools in the country 2 times more children were educated at at least a primary level and three times more went were Univ went to university this is compared to in 1855 1855 85% of the population being illiterate okay okay so we
need to really put it into context that education reforms were hugely successful however the CRU curriculum was still seen as it was a religious curriculum is based around the church the Orthodox Church and with there being independent universities we do see independent thinking which leads to more radical students and more extremism within the universities however it must be said that this was only a small increase at the time okay so overall Alexander really did bring about a number of reforms in military in local government judiciary and in education all of these being generally more liberal
and aligned more with what we see today in the UK for example and all of them seeming to have very little downsides
