foreign [Music] Academy friends today we'll be learning about the state for Northeast Insurgency topic our state of concentration is meghalaya when you see the map of meghalaya what I have provided for you here in the north it is bounded by Assam okay it is bounded by Assam in the west here you can see this is Bangladesh okay this is Bangladesh and here you can see the state of Assam again okay so this is how the profile of meghalaya look like it is completely bounded by some almost every side except the South and western side which
is with Bangladesh this is for you to understand what exactly or how exactly the Insurgency in nagaland is supported the Insurgency in meghalaya is supported my friends so when you see the meghalaya meghalaya the name itself says the Adobe of clouds Adobe of clouds meghalaya was created as an autonomous State card out of the earth will Assam on April 2nd 1970 where it was given autonomous status in which it has its own legislative assembly elected for that but it was a part of Assam later it was accorded full statehood in the year 1972 on January
21 okay so the Assam basically when it was carved out to form meghalaya the meghalaya contained three major three major tribal groups those tribal groups are the Kashi the jaintias the garos when you consider it from West so on the west side when you see the map again let me show you the map again on the western part this is a everything this whole part belongs to Garrow tribe you can see the names also westgaro not Garrow East Garrow and South Garrow okay and we'll also see Southwest Garrow District in the middle part you will
have Kashi tribe okay here all this is Kashi tribe the capital city the beef the then Assam and the present meghalaya is shillong which is present in East Kashi District my friends you see this is Kashi and the East and most part of the state is tribe reside in the region so these are the three major tribes apart from that there are also some other people non-tribal people there is also a small ethnic group which is called the war okay in this region key indigenous tribal communities in the inhibiting in this area over the year
various people tribals and non-tribals from other parts of India or country have settled down in this state so let's see the demographic dividend because to understand the holistic nature of Insurgency one also need to understand the demography of state of meghalaya when you see meghalaya is a Christian populated majority State around 85 percent of the population in meghalaya are Christians okay here as was entrance 85 percent of them are tribal and most of them are Christians all the tribals in meghalay are Christians 15 percent of non-tribal population in these 15 percent 10 percent are Hindus
and Muslims are of two person and remaining are of two percent of population the Insurgency in meghalaya began the later part of 1980s my friends meghalaya was almost a peaceful state it never had an Insurgency but in 1980 various ideologies were forming and meghalaya has started its own Insurgency in 1990s wherein started as a movement against the socio-economic and political domination of of the cars or The Outsiders they call them they thought that bangladeshis who have come into India in 1971 Liberation War so those people are dominating us they have become rich Merchants they are
even lending money they are even suppressing the local tribals against that they slowly started but slowly it has enhanced itself into a separatist Movement by forming two major groups let us also discuss about two major groups also so before going into learning what are the two major groups in that region let's see what is the major major reasons for formation of Insurgency in this area when you see the map of Northeast if I draw a Outland map I'm sorry if I'm drawing it wrong okay OK this is something like North East India so this is
where our meghalaya the present concentration state it is we are learning here you have a sum we have bounded arunachal Pradesh everything this acts as a Transit Point Transit point for many of the Insurgent groups in Assam arunachal Pradesh nagaland and Etc to get their smuggled arms and nominations from the Bangladesh so this Transit Point has made meghalan youth exclusively prone to the organized crime in this region of Northeast India and leading them into easy money because of unemployment which has been created in that region these youth have been shifting towards this Insurgency region some
other factors I can say porous boundary with Bangladesh which is hard to totally close the boundary okay tribal aspirations where the they thought the the cards are all the outsiders have been looting them inefficient autonomous District councils my friend that is the major issue where all the three tribes Garo Kashi and jayantia have their independent autonomous District Council under the schedule 6 of The Constitution of India but rather than creating rather than creating a healthy competitive environment rather than creating the high rather than creating the equality in the region these autonomous District councils have led
to the creation of identity politics identity politics in the region because what happens in identity politics each one wants to show their hierarchy each one wants to show that hierarchy same thing happened in meghalaya also what happened in meghalaya was the Kashi and gentia people thought the Gyros were dominating and Garros were having upper hand and because of Garrow region having lot of the reserves exclusively the cold reserves of meghalaya under their control they will be dominating them now we have to separate ourselves that Kasha and Jay India should separate themselves from the Garo people
this was also happening at that time okay we'll learn about two major Insurgent groups in that region and mostly we'll concentrate ourselves with the first one second one also we will consider but the first group I can say is high neutral National Liberation Council if I'm pronouncing wrong let me I'm sorry but to my knowledge this is called high new trap National Liberation Council the High new trip word is nothing but it comes from age-old world word which calls High neutral people high neutral people of Assam are nothing but Garo Kashi and jandya all together
previously and the next one is Garo National Liberation Army gnla okay both of the groups will be learning elaboratively will understand what is the issue the first one High new trip National Liberation Liberation Council it has its own flag my friends the government of India government of India have banned both of these groups both of these groups under uapa act unlawful activities prevention act under Section 2 of this act okay we have banned both of these councils or Insurgent groups okay so it is a militant organization operating in meghalaya it claims to be representative of
as I said to High new trip present status previously it started as a group for whole meghalaya but in later times there got a clash within the group and Gyro people have separated and Kashi gentia people have separated and now highly trip only and only calls for the people of Kashi and jandya Kashi and jayanti are tribal people and its aim is to free the meghalaya from the alleged domination of Gyros and or garos and other non-tribal population in that region banned by the central government under Section 3 I'm sorry this is section three on
of unlawful activities prevention Act 1967. so we'll learn more about the High new trip National Liberation Council so high nutrib National Liberation Council see the basic difference between both gyro National Liberation Army and high metric National Liberation council is Gyros want a separate statehood within the constitution of India but these high nutrient Nation Liberation Council group my friend they want us so over instead they want a separate country they want their own Constitution not to be in the a part of Indian state or Indian Union they feel so which demands a sovereign Liberation Council the
first militant tribal outfit of the state formed in the mid of 1980s having a trip refers to the Kashi and jayantia communities and Aki refers to the gyro community in 1992 there was a split as I told you earlier so it led to two different groups one is High nutrib Nation Liberation Council and another was Greek Liberation Army okay Liberation Army which represents gyro and subsequently replaced it was subsequently replaced by a chick National voluntary Council anvc so later what happened my friend this a and v c became liberal and it had agreed for a
triparted agreement in the year 2004 with the government of India 2004 with the government of India and government of meghalaya so that they will not take up arm for six months and it has been continuously extended by six months from then and the organization became silent OK according to the south Asia terrorism portal this is one of the very good portal if you want to do more of research who are student interested in research who are ready to do different studies apart from upsc they can visit this portal this is a very good portal an
important objective of high native National Liberation council is to transform meghalaya as a provincial exclusively for Kashi tribe free from Domination by garotra this is their major ideology according to South Asia terrorism portal another object is fight against the presence of Outsiders and hnlc feels that Kashi youth are deprived of the fruits of development because of these Outsiders within the state the hnlc is seen as a representative of Kashi identity and pride and most of the top leaders is based outside in Bangladesh in early 2000 the group would be frequently called for buns by called
Independence Day by God and Carry Out extortion and Etc so the basic activity of this organization High new trip my friends is to call bandh is to call to do strike is to call ban the Independence Day Celebrations which is on August 15th they do not accept that they are part of Union of India so all these activities were happening even most of the leaders of High new trip National Liberation Army take asylum in Bangladesh they actively participate or actively work by sitting in the Bangladesh and causing disturbance in meghalaya recently there have been consistent
increase of activities of high nutrient National Liberation Army I'll also I'll also Liberation Council I also talk about that more so however according to the Center for development and peace study an independent Research Center in Assam sustained counter Insurgency operations over the years National Liberation Council but what happened that you say this is on increasing because my friend the armored forces special power act has been repealed has been repealed from the state of meghalaya in the year 2018 okay has been removed from the meghalaya in the year 2018 then what happened the Insurgent group thought
yes this is the time now we have to start our Insurgency back so since July 2004 the anvc what I also Akin National voluntary cops whatever it is for Garrow has been under the extended ceasefire agreement as I told you already ceasefire was signed so what happened all the soldiers within the hnvc are deserted they are all empty so either they joined in another group that is Garo National Liberation Army which I have told you the second Insurgent group in that region of which thank you was one of the co-founder wanted independence from India while
anvc wanted gyro Homeland but within the Constitution as I told you okay I if I'm pronouncing names I'm really sorry because it is hard to know exact pronunciation of the Northeast but to my extent I have done my research and I am pronouncing it accordingly what I have learned from some other people that is thank you okay thank you or thank you next important thing my friends ah so current scenario what I was saying was there were consistent glass in meghalaya which have been conducted by highly trip National Liberation Council these people uh starting from
2021 August 15th where there was a boycott of Independence Day and Lord of Youth coming into the streets and protesting against the murder of one of the leader and co-founders of Hyundai trip Nation Liberation Army by the police forces in a skirmish where he was to be caught but unfortunately he was killed this rised slogans this rights black flags in the region and whole region was under curfew for two to three days most probably okay three days it was there I can sure I can say you that okay so till date it has been able
to have three IED blasts so what is the major see if you are not looking if you are not able to see this three blasts this is three blasts in the state since July 2021 they have started they have become active okay they are influencing young minds exclusively by using social media and they won't keep the pot boiling the sources said that the hydrated leaders are saying I want to keep the issue boiling I don't want to be with India anymore so while the most of the blasts have been low intensity the group was in
the lame light in August 2021 after its founding secretary Chesterfield thank you okay just to feel thank you was killed in a police operation leading to a background breakdown of Law and Order in shillong as I told you he was the Frozen Chesterfield thank you he was not inactive he was inactive since long time since 2004 when he was caught okay but he came to meghalaya and police want to court catch him but unfortunately he died so let me also tell you some more important points please note them down why do you think the High
new trip National Liberation council is on rise okay regarding that see there is a lot of Taxation which is happening in Northeast India where these insurgents group living on the businessmans or the people who stay or the employees in these regions similarly the High new trip also wanted to tax the businessmans in the region but obviously when the businessman's rejected they thought we this is the time I need to scare these business people and they also were angry because they want to take revenge of the death of their leader Chesterfield thank you okay thank you
or thank you that person they want to take revenge on our death of that person so for that revenge and to scare The Outsiders who they call as the cars they are planting this IED blasts okay now they said they even give a statement they are saying that enough had been energy I've been waiting till the offspa has been repealed in the state and now we got time we'll obviously Rebel out okay next the next important Insurgency group in the region as I said your Garo National Liberation Army which was formed in the year 2009
with the aim of creating separate garage land in the western parts of meghalaya the group has around strength of 200 to 215 surgeon with the different uh modern weapons okay for 37s IEDs Etc and Etc okay so most of its Force come from Akin the group of Akin which was formed and which was having a triparted agreement with government of India since 2004 the leaders of this group were former deputy superintendent of police also called as Champion or sangam after he deserted the Police Service he is the chairman of the outfist and Sohan this year
former anvc this is Akin National voluntary cop okay Army commander of East Garrow Hills is the commander-in-chief of this outfit so the Cadre is based is mainly from as I tell told you the liberation of Akin Elite Force and deserted groups of Akin National voluntary cops the group is in position as I told you with modern weapons like us M16 rifles AK-47s HK rifles even they have Granite from Chinese granites and other automative weapons exclose explosives rocket launchers Etc and Etc so even this terrorist organization which we consider as the Garo National Liberation Army we
declared it as unlawful under uapa act unlawful activities prevention act 1967 under Section 3 of this act okay the leader of this group are sangam was taken into apprehended in Bangladesh last year and is under judicial custody most of this group is not active now but their major activity of funding is to do extortion kidnapping extortion murder kidnapping gun running Etc are major activities which these groups do in the gyro region why do you think Insurgency is on Rise because you see as I told you there are recent incidences where there have been three IED
blasts in the meghalaya region by the highway trip why do you think there is a rise as I told you there is half Spa has been repelled there has been lot of illegal migration happening a lot of illegal armpit happening across Bangladesh border okay illegal extortion impact of ban on Riot mining expanding coordination with another groups are also one of the important reasons you see Northeast India has several arm Insurgency groups when when we'll see in our eventual classes we learn about them also for example nagar National socialistic Council NSC and Isaac muhiwa you have
you have keplan you have even ulfa okay ulfa Grew From Assam United Liberation Front of Assam you have another all different Insurgent groups now you see imagine if all these Insurgent groups knowing clearly the knowledge of the terrain who can do gorilla Warfare and who can impact a lot of lives of armored people there they come together and they plan for extortion and everything you think how much of parallel government or parallel things could happen which is dangerous so that is what happening illegal extortion happening and impact of ban on Rat Hole mining friends Rat
Hole mining is nothing but you are mining coal from underground by using small tunnels small tunnel like structures okay this would be your coal Okay small tunnels where you can only fit your body nothing else you have to crawl into that so ngt National grain tribunal has what happened in 2015 led a ban on Rat Hole mining completely in the state before what happened these Insurgent groups would have stopped okay they would they would stop this Rat Hole Miners and they would collect the coal from them and they can sail sometimes they collect the money
so that these people continue to do rat hole mining in this region but because of this ban they lost some of the income and now they want to strike hard so that they get back there income sources as I told you that I after IED blast the statement this was the statement this was the official statement given by high native National Liberation Army or Council whatever you want to say these people say one they are warning you see one non-indigenous Traders at to pay taxes you have to pay taxes and if you are not paying
see the group claimed that some Traders has refused to pay taxes to hnlc and want them to pay heed their dictat they have to follow their dictator they have also said the death of Chesterfield thank you the former member of hnlc is a mistake and we will take blood for bread Blood for Blood this was the official statement which was given after the recent blast which happened just two days four days ago in the month of February 2022 whatever the time you are watching this video please remember this happened in Feb 2022 okay this was
the official statement so this shows there has been a rise in Insurgency so how would you resolve this so I would like to make you remember about the Supreme Court the and the local high court judgments of that region okay Supreme Court previously recommended to do some of the amyl radio measures it even said try to look into the removal of offspa from meghalaya but the high court of meghalaya has said by looking into the issues which are faced by meghalaya and rise in Insurgency in the year 2015 it has said that no social media
electronic or print media should publicize the band buns or you say boycotts OK or anything which has been declared by Harmony trip and if anyone who has been publishing such a comments from Hyundai trip Nation Liberation Council they will be considered to have committed the contempt of code and they will be punished accordingly was the statement given by psychot of meghalaya to control the widespread use of social media and the ideology of Heine trip into the Youth of the people why I am saying this my friends is that when you consider when there was a
recent inquiry into the IED blast which was happened in the month of February 2022 there was in the whole group they caught around six people of six uh there was a juvenile who was around 15 to 16 years and is considered as commander of a region commander of a region in Kashi Hills see even juveniles have been targeting for easy money in that region so how do you resolve this you have to slowly try to implement back the offspa for short duration and next conditional talks and unconditional surrender you have to say this is what
we can do but you have to surrender surrender that's it and Joint operations you have to conclude with Bangladesh so that you pluck out or you have to uproot all the Insurgent camps of Harmony trip Nation Liberation Council or Garo National Liberation Army which are present in Bangladesh we have to remove or uproot them then only these groups will stop joint operations with security forces you have to give Rehabilitation for surrendered people in the area okay give them more ameliorative measures and sustained role of church as I said you 85 percent of the population in
this region are Catholic Christians by including see most of the fathers in the church have been playing leading role as a mediators or interlocutors between the center State and the Insurgent group to solve the Insurgency in the meghalaya so by including even the religious leaders to form a peace in in the region is very very important we have to even address the root causes of the region those are unemployment you have to solve because because of unemployment people are looking for easy money that makes youth to lead towards the path of insurgent groups see because
of lack of coal mining that whole mining has been banned sustainable coal mining should be there Forest resources should be optimally utilized they need to be skilled okay please pause the video and read the slide okay everything is self-explained there OK even you have to solve the Border issues there had been an enclave exchange happened already almost we tried to solve but try to seal the whole border of Bangladesh which has to be clearly guarded by border security force and because of this clear gardening we can stop the influx of arms and ammunitions into the
region especially happening gun running kidnapping killing and extortion which we can stop in the region that which should be immediately done that should be immediately done because it's in the hand of government next provide infrastructure because of lack of connectivity with the mainland and lack of connectivity of having a good amount of Railway or Road connectivity also makes the people feel that they have been left over and most of the regions where this incident group Train themselves are very uh outlying areas where you can't see a proper connectivity to that regions from there those regions
they continuously operate so this urgent need to improve the infrastructure by even improving the infrastructure will also call attraction for the investments in the region also with eventually increases the economy and employability of the youth in the region addressing the tribal aspiration through inclusive development and Lead inter-tribal Harmony by promoting peace talks try to conduct the sports event between inter tribals try to conduct Cooperative measures talks exchange of students between the tribal people is also essential in these times need for transparency and accountability on the part of adc's adcs are nothing but autonomous district councils
and state government is necessary to ensure Fair distribution of these benefits for the development products projects including skill development look into with how you can improve the autonomous district council issue in the state look into how you can improve the autonomous district council issue in the state so you can solve whole issue holistically but my friends megalia has been a peace state but the rise of Insurgency in meghalaya is causing the central government to rise it Bros and if it continues it is the laws for the people of meghalaya because after could be reinstated in
the whole state to control that so only by educating the local people with the knowledge of what are the negatives with the rise of Insurgency and making people not to support the local Insurgency by providing them enough security and enough ameliorative measures such as education packages everything could only be the solution Because unless or until all these incident groups rather it may be left string extremism or terrorism they will only survive on few sources that is by having illegal trade money or whatever extortion money or they will only survey when they have support base from
the local people is the other thing by cutting these two you can completely eliminate the power of these Insurgent groups and we have to try to maintain the psychology and the ideology of India as a nation in this region so that they do not join any separatist groups so my friends here I come to the end of this class so we'll come with a new class with some other state of North East Insurgency so thank you for watching my video this is nikhil from teluguone Academy thank you
