The SHIFTING of STATE Power After 1900 [AP World History Review—Unit 7 Topic 1]

okay welcome to unit 7 and a brand spanking new time period 1900 to the present is and in order to set the stage for all the world wars and depressions and decolonization movements we're going to consider in this unit let's begin by talking about how state power was shifting after 1900 so if you're ready to get them brain cows milked let's get to it okay now at the opening of the 20th century the West dominated the global balance of power however by the end of the century many Maritime and land-based Empires would fall apart and

give rise to new States and though there are metric buttloads of illustrations I could give you there are four that you absolutely are required to know and the first is the decline of the Ottoman Empire now remember in the last period the Ottoman Empire had already gained itself the unflattering nickname the sick man of Europe and you know even though they had attempted a kind of defensive industrialization program under the tanzimat reforms even that didn't get the Empire out of the ICU and so a group emerged during that era known as the young Ottomans that

had been educated in Western ideas and started calling for massive political change that would bring the Ottoman Empire into line with Democratic Western powers and to their great shock the authoritarian Sultan actually agreed to some of those demands and allowed for the creation of a parliament and a constitution but you know Sultans be Sultans and as soon as they were threatened with war from Russia he went ahead and got his authoritarian pants back on and ruled like a proper dictator and so in response to the Revival of authoritarianism another reform-minded group arose namely The Young

Turks they called for a complete modernization of the Ottoman Empire in the image of Western European nations and after chugging straight from the hose of nationalism envisioned the ottoman State as turkic to the exclusion of many ethnic minorities who lived there and in 1908 the The Young Turks went ahead and overthrew the sultan plopped down in the seat of power and made their reforms these included the secularization of schools and law codes the establishment of political elections and the imposition of the Turkish language is the official language of the Empire and that's great right like

the ottomans are back baby uh new you see by implementing these nationalistic policies they alienated many of the other minorities within the Empire not least the Arabs and as a result those groups experienced their own ways of nationalism which further fractured the Empire and after the end of World War I the sick man of Europe would become the dead man of Europe as Victoria Powers carved up their empire into several independent states oh and by the way if you need help getting an A in your class and a five on your exam in May you

might want to check out my AP World History heimler review guide which is the fastest way to study for this course got exclusive review videos note guides to follow along practice questions practice exams and answer keys for every dang bit of it so you know if that's something you're into check the link in the description okay next on the list for collapsing Empires is the Russian Empire now remember that Russia had made some progress in industrialization by the end of the 19th century under the heavy hand of an absolute AAR namely Alexander the second and

his successor Nicholas II continued that Trend but as it turns out the growing middle class that industrialization had created began to resent the Zar authoritarian policies and demanded more of a voice in government decisions and then right along with their grievances Rose the Grievances of the working class who had suffered the brutal effects of state sponsored industrialization and in the beginning of the 20th century all those grievances boiled over and we got the Russian Revolution of 1905 which the Zar Smackdown with brutal force however I guess Nicholas was kind of a softy because he did

accommodate some of their demands like the introdu uction of a constitution the legalization of labor unions and political parties but you know dictators be dictators and Nicholas largely ignored those reforms and carried on as he always had and therefore you might not be surprised to hear that all those tensions that had erupted in the 1905 Revolution began to boil yet again and then World War I came along and cranked up the heat all the way until that kettle was singing with discontent so the war and the continued difficulties of industrialization then led to the Russian

Revolution of 1917 which was led by Marx's Visionary Vladimir lenen who was a leader of a political group known as the Bolsheviks and this time the Revolution was successful lennin and the Bolshevik seized power established a communist state and the Soviet Union was born and then let's go visit our friends in Ching China and see how they're doing and spoiler alert it's not good now remember from the last unit that throughout the 19th century China had gotten its hind Parts handed to it due to a variety of internal and external factors internally the exceedingly destructive

Tai ping Rebellion which though it was eventually put down by Ching authorities cost millions of lives and enormous amounts of money which left China depopulated and broke externally China lost both Opium Wars to Western powers and the Sino Japanese war to Japan because the half-baked efforts in industrialization in China were no match for the fully baked industrial powers to their east and west and then things got even worse at the end of the 19th century a group known as the Society of righteous and harmonious fists LED an Insurrection known as the Boxer Rebellion against the

Ching authorities whom they viewed as foreigners which you know they were and remember the ching were broke as a joke and so it was in fact the British and the French and the Japanese who sent troops to put down the rebellion and do you think they did that because they were like you know nice guys H don't be crazy no because of their participation in restoring order in China these foreign powers imposed further demands on a weaken China to their own benefit and it was at that point that a revolutionary movement gained steam under the

Western educated sunat sin which resulted in the abdication of the Ching Emperor and the end of 2,000 years of Imperial rule in China and if you wish you may pause and cry a single tear I ain't going to judge you but anyway a new provisional government was established under Suns leadership but it was shortlived after a series of power struggles and Civil War China emerged as a communist state under the leadership of ma dong and more on that in a later unit and then finally we'll finish up our consideration of all these shifts in power

by considering the Mexican Revolution and this one has all sorts of twists and turns but let me just give you the basics in the last part of the 19th century and into the first part of the 20th century Mexico is ruled by a dictator namely poerio Diaz and his policies angered nearly every social class that existed in Mexico and they largely banded together to OU him and so is Chief political rival Francisco Madero was elected in 1910 but he went ahead and got himself assassinated 2 years later what followed was a decade of Civil War

which included massive peasant armies led by charismatic figures like Poncho via and Amano Zapata but neither of them were successful in seizing any meaningful state power unlike say the Bolsheviks in Russia but by 1917 the Revolution was completed Mexico emerged as a republic with a newly drafted Constitution which enacted widespread reforms that addressed the Grievances that had led to the revolution in the first place some of these reforms included Universal male suffrage minimum wages for workers a decoupling of the Catholic Church from political and economic power this Revolution was largely confined to Mexico and didn't

have the significant International effects of the Chinese and Russian revolutions had Okay click here to keep reviewing for unit 7 and click here to grab my AP World he review guide which has everything you need to get an A in your class and a five on your exam in May and I'll catch you on the flipflop himler out