[Music] well it seems we got dinosaurs completely wrong plus the movies created an image of them that's hard to get out of the head now you know what I'm talking about dinosaurs as giant lizards I mean lizards are cool there's a type of lizard found in the streams of Costa Rica that can stay under the water for up to 16 minutes they create a pocket of air at the top of their snout and breathe exhaled air while submerged so-called horned lizards can spout blood out of their eyes shoting it up to 6 feet poor lizard
has to do it when it gets closer to the mouth of its attacker since this bad taste makes a predator change their mind and go after some more delicious bites then there's the basus lizard that can run over water while making its escape from bigger animals in the rainforce of Central America they can do that for short distances but still it gets to rear up and relx liy on flaps of skin on the toes of its hind legs to have more surface area many types of lizards have had to develop such unusual adaptations so they
didn't become an easy quick snack for snakes coyotes Hawks foxes and other big animals going after them they wouldn't have to do it if they had some giant cousins that would protect them like dinosaurs but even though they look like gigantic scary lizards in the movies it's not what you would see if you had the chance to go back to the dino age you'd have to be aware and run if you saw feathery creatures instead feathers don't sound that scary because birds are the only animals alive today that have them but millions of years ago
it was a different story some of the most fearsome dinosaurs were covered in feathers too of different shapes sizes and colors for example check this fella a cousin of the famous T-Rex it was a scary Predator that weighed 1 and 1/2 tons and was covered in a Shaggy coat of filaments known as Proto feathers these feathers were not used for flying but to stay warm or attract mates or take a velociraptor for example for so long we've believed it's a Sleek Predator with the skin of a lizard but it turns out it was a much
smaller colorful creature covered in feathers like some sort of bird many of their Dino relative had pretty long feathers all over their forearms together with dowy feathers that were spread across the rest of the body this works for most of the meat eating dinosaurs are so-called theropods there were tiny ones with a tail fan full of feathers or those with shiny feathers in a mix of colors it was similar to a hummingbird maybe it wouldn't be that scary to face dinosaurs after all some of the fossils researchers found are well preserved in combination with modern
techniques they use to study these fascinating creatures they found out dinosaurs came in different colors archaeologists found some fossilized feathers together with fossils of melanosome structures those are pigments that gave them gray brown and black colors like anoris whose body was almost entirely black it's reminiscent of a bird with wings and fluffy tail feathers on his high legs together with a pretty long tail that could fan out this fella had white stripes along its wings too it also had a brown headrest this one was perhaps there as a display or used to communicate with other
anoris dinosaurs and check out this one it also had a bristly tail and different markings on his body thanks to the fossils they found researchers have been able to reconstruct the appearance of this dinosaur giving it so many details not only did dinos look like birds but they also behave similarly to them for example they sat on their nest to protect their eggs and most likely use their feathers for displays there was a discovery in Canada that revealed one type of dinosaur had a fleshy crust on its head like a rooster's comb scientists think this
Crest was likely used as a way to attract a mate or show off to other dinosaurs then there's the scariest of the them all in the dinosaur Kingdom the T-Rex can you imagine this one in a birdie version also you may have seen pictures of T-Rex with its big sharp teeth and its jaws wide open kind of always ready to bite into its prey but these images might be completely wrong some recent research tells us these top predators might have had something that we take for granted in almost all land animals today lips now think
about it when you look at a crocodile or an alligator you don't see any lips covering their teeth so everyone has always assumed that their prehistoric relatives theod dinosaurs were the same way well not quite researchers looked at fossilized dinosaur skulls and compared them to Modern reptiles and found out these dinosaurs likely had soft tissue around their mouths that functioned like lips scientists learned this while studying small passageways in the upper jaws of dinosaur skulls something called foramina foramina allows blood vessels and nerves to reach the soft tissues around the mouth in Li reptiles like
lizards these forina are arranged in a line along the edge of the jaw near the teeth scientists examine the enamel of the teeth too when enamel dries out it wears down more easily the researchers found that the side of alligator or teeth that is continuously exposed erodes more like the wetter side facing the inside of the mouth however in theropods like T-Rex the teeth have an even wear pattern this tells us teeth were kept covered and moist based on this scientists believe theropods with long sharp teeth like T-Rex could also close their mouths with their
teeth inside the teeth of theropods and monitor lizards are similar in size and monitor lizards can close their mouths completely therefore it's likely that therapods also had lips that allowed them to fully close their mouths however it's not known if they wore lipstick interestingly the study also revealed a neat row of jaw for Amina in a pretty cool extinct early cousin of crocodilians also lips may have been present in the earliest archosaurs a group of reptile that gave rise to dinosaurs and crocodilians now this might not seem like a big deal but it truly changes
how we think about how these dinosaurs ate if they had lips it's possible that they could have controlled their bites more precisely and maybe even chewed their food instead of just tearing it apart some still believe differently saying T RS and other theropods had flat scales like crocodiles all the way down to the edges of their Jaws so I guess the mystery of dinosaur lips continues now you might be wondering did sorod dinosaurs like the titanosaur have feathers too some scientists believe all dinosaurs including sorop pods had feathers just as you can see all mammals
have at least some hair but big mammals like elephants have limited hair so it's possible that sorap pods didn't have many feathers since feathers are something you'll stumble upon in a fossilized shape the chances of finding those of sorop PODS or similar dinosaurs are definitely lower plus there's a chance big dinosaurs that lived in warm weather didn't have feathers at all many of these feathered dinosaur fossils have been found in China these fossils have helped us understand the transition from feathered dinosaurs to Birds because Birds could be the only animal that survived and are around
today that are directly related to dinosaurs ooh I wonder what happened here it could be that some kinds of theropods started hiding in trees more while searching for food and protection so their bodies evolve to become even smaller to survive harsh conditions and dangerous predators looking after them but still it's a transition from the most incredible Predator the animal kingdom has seen to squawking chickens talk about how Evolution mostly moves animals forward hey stop it I didn't mean it that's it for today so hey if you pacified your curiosity then give the video a like
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