we'll come to the 12 tribes of Ishmael many of us are familiar with the ancient story of Abraham and his desire to have a son in the biblical account of his story Abraham first had a son with his handmaiden Hagar this firstborn son was named Ishmael Abraham's second son Isaac was declared the son of Promise welcome to the Bible stories Channel your destination to explore the Deep stories and profound messages of the Bible here we will delve into the sacred Pages un ing Timeless lessons and spiritual truths that have impacted Generations prepare for a unique
spiritual journey brimming with wisdom and inspiration as we delve into the biblical narratives don't forget to activate the notification Bell give us a like share and comment so we can continue spreading the Divine message to more people the Jews today claim decent from Abraham through this second son Isaac few people today know what happened to the descendants of Ishmael it is often assumed that they simply became the Arabs of the Middle East but to most of us our knowledge stops there the Bible gives us the following record but as for Ishmael I have heard thee
behold I have blessed him and will make him fruitful and will multiply him exceedingly 12 princes shall he beget and I will make him a great nation Genesis 17:20 now these are the generations of Ishmael Abraham's son whom Hagar the Egyptian Sarah's handmade bore unto Abraham and these are the names of the sons of Ishmael by their name names according to their Generations the firstborn of Ishmael Nebo and Kadar and Adel and msum and mishma and Duma and Massa Hadad and Tama jur nafish and kedma these are the sons of Ishmael and these are their
names by their towns and by their encampments 12 princes according to their Nations Genesis 25126 in 1932 David J Gibson set out to map the chronologies of the Bible and in doing so he was faced with the puzzle of what happened to the sons of Ishmael in order to complete his chronology he began a lifelong search for answers to this question 10 years after his death his son Dan Gibson took up the challenge and flew to the Middle East to continue the search that search has now lasted over 30 years and has led him to
many of the remote parts of Arabia Dan has lived in the empty quarter of Arabia climbed the mountains of Yemen lived among the hawat of Southern Jordan and crossed the burning deserts of Saudi he is also o spoken to many of the Great archaeologists who work in the Middle East and has examined countless books and thesis pursuing answers to this question below is a brief summary of what Dan's father started and what Dan has continued the Muslim understanding of how the bedan tribes originated is outlined in the chart below some Bible scholars identify the Muslim
Katan as the biblical Joan see the founding of the Nations chart the biblical record of Ishmael gives us the names of the TW Sons but no clue as to how they might be connected to the modern bedan tribes this list is found in Genesis 25 and is later repeated in iconicles 12933 and these are their Generations the firstborn of Ishmael Nath then Kadar and Adel and mbum mishma and Duma Massa Hadad and TMA jur nafish and Kadima these are the sons of Ishmael these Sons eventually took wives had children and through these children tribes were
formed these tribes made up the Nations that dwelt from havala to shur and from Egypt to Assyria these descendants of Ishmael were not the sole tribes in the Arabian Desert other tribes emerged from other sources some of these became the people of South Arabia and others also wandered and settled in Arabia for a chronology see the founding of the nation's chart we will examine the TW sons of Ishmael and try and determine what might have happened to them below naboth more information is known about ishmael's eldest son naboth than any of the others in the
Bible Kadar and the tribe of nebat were renowned for sheep raising Isaiah 67 their names are frequently found together in Assyrian records naboth is specifically mentioned by the Jewish historian Josephus who identified the nabatian of his time with ishmael's eldest son he claimed that the nabatian lived through the whole country extending from the Euphrates to the Red Sea and referred to this area as natine or the area that the NAB an roamed in Josephus goes on to say that it was the nabateans who conferred their names on the Arabian Nations Jewish Antiquities W 221 Josephus
lived and wrote when the naans were in existence and supposedly he obtained his information directly from the naans themselves these naans spoke and wrote an early form of Arabic and thus they were often referred to as Arabs by Greek and Roman historians previous to josephus's report a records tell us of King Asher banipal 668 663 BC who was fighting with the naans of Arabia then in 703 BC a group of calans and neighboring tribes rebelled against senar the Assyrian ruler the ancient records of tiglath Pazer 3 list among the Rebels the hagaru possibly the descendants
of Hagar the mother of Ishmael the naatu very possibly the descendants of nabo the eldest son of Ishmael and the kites descendants of ishmael's Second Son according to these records the tribes fled from Assyria into the Arabian Desert and could not be conquered the Assyrian Kingdom eventually divided into the rule of Two Brothers one the king of Babylonia and the other the king of Assyria in 652 BC conflict broke out between these two brothers and in support of the Babylonian King the kites invaded Western Assyria as described in the the records of esar hadan the
kites were defeated and fled to natu the leader of the nabat for safety later the Kites and the nabat attacked the Western borders of Assyria but were again defeated after their defeat Nat's son Nuru was declared the leader of the nabat 300 years later the Zenon papiri from 259 BC mentioned that the naatu were trading Guan and Manan frankincense transporting it to Gaza and Syria they transported their Goods through the karite centers of Northern Arabia ja and Tama early naban Pottery has also been found in locations on the Persian Gulf along the coasts of Saudi
Arabia and Bahrain tuer zubaida Taj and a Jawan there are also ancient references to the naatu living along the western edges of the Arabian Peninsula and in the Sinai these naatu were pirates who sailed the Red Sea plundering trading vessels later they established bases in several sea port s including the port city of Ila modern day akaba which is only 120 km from present day Petra While most of us think of the naans as people who transported Goods in the desert by a camel Caravan it has become increasingly evident that the naans were also a
sea trading people it is quite clear from the historical records that in 586 BC as the began a gradual migration North into Jewish lands that had been emptied by Nebuchadnezzar the tribes of Arabia also began to move northward from their port city of AA akaba it was only a short move Inland for the naatu to occupy the quickly emptying land of the eventually making it the heart of the nabatian Empire although the chronology is not yet clear it appears that some remained behind those that immigrated into Judea became known as eduman these were some of
the people that opposed the Jews during the rebuilding of the temple at Jerusalem M under Ezra and later the rebuilding of the city walls of Jerusalem under Nehemiah in time the neans built an impressive civilization based on Merchant trade their Capital was originally the City of Petra located deep in the Sandstone mountains of Southern Jordan later the city of bastra in southern Syria also functioned as a Royal City the naans built several other cities in the neev in Northern modern-day Saudi Arabia and in other parts of modern day Jordan in 106 ad the neans surrendered
their empire to the Romans and eventually their nean distinctiveness disappeared Kadar as we have already mentioned the sons of Kadar became known as the kites the kites were the main military power of the sons of Ishmael Isaiah speaks of kadar's glory and her gifted archers Isaiah 21617 Ezekiel 27 21 Associates are Arabia with all of the princes of Kadar suggesting a confederation under their leadership the kites were in constant conflict with the Assyrians the Assyrians Neo Babylonians Persians and even the Romans realized the importance of taking control of the commercial roots in Northern Arabia that
were under the Dominion of the Kites and later the naans nehemiah's opponent kashem the Arab has been identified as one of the kings of Kadar from the mid-5th century BC based on a number of North Arabian inscriptions regarding their religion Assyrian inscriptions tell us that sarib captured several Arabian deities in the korite city of Duma the chief deity was at taraman or the morning star of Heaven the counterpart of Mesopotamian Ishtar the tribal League led by the kites was known as the confederation of ataram and their cult was led by a series of Queen priestesses
in Duma the rest of their Pantheon of gods consisted of d new High new ruai Ruda abiru and atar kuruma rock graffiti in the tamic language reveals that Ruda was known as the evening star and nuhi was the Sun God and they were worshiped in addition to a taraman the Morning Star Herodotus in the 5th Century BC identified two deities worshiped among the Arabs a fertility God called oral perhaps Ruda as identified by McDonald in North Arabia in the first millennium BC 1360 and a sky goddess know as aot Herodotus I 33 later aot would
be referred to in the masculine form as Allah the kites are mentioned in several passages in the Bible always as Nomads Psalm 120 is a cry of distress the speaker has fled and lives in a place called mesek in the tents of the kites in Isaiah 4211 Kadar is mentioned in a song of Praise in Jeremiah 2:10 the children of Israel are advised to check with gadar and see if it is an ordinary thing for a people to forsake their gods and turn to others Jeremiah 4928 presents us with a prophecy against Arabia hazer and
Kadar foretelling that Nebuchadnezzar a king of Babylon will destroy them Ezekiel 2721 is a lament over the city of Ty this passage mentions that Arabia and the princes of kedar traded Lambs Rams and goats with Tire in the middle of the 4th Century BC the kites seem to fade from history as the naans come to the Forefront Adel the tribe of Adel is often identified with the people in the land of arubu who became subjects to tiglath piler 2 744 727 BC their Chieftain was called ID elu and he operated as the Assyrian King's agent
on the borders of Egypt his tribe was said to have dwelt far away towards the west from this reference some historians have thought that the tribe of adbi lived in the Sinai msum and AA mishma some historians have wondered if the descendants of mishma founded the villages around Jebel mishma it is thought that these two tribes may have intermarried with the Simeon ites and disappeared from history as a separate entity I Chronicles 42427 dumad Duma is mentioned in the biblical records as a city in Canaan Joshua 1552 it is also associated with Edom and SE
in Isaiah 21:11 Duma is generally identified by historians with the aderian adumu people Asar Haden's records relate how his father sarib stuck against adumu in an attempt to subdue the Arabs sarb captured their King hail who was called King of the Arabs kazil is also referred to in one inscription of Asher banipal as king of the kites from a geographical standpoint Adam matu is often associated with the medieval Arabic Duma El jandal which was in ancient times a very important and strategic Junction on the major trade route between Syria Babylon njid and the hijaz area
dumat Del jandel is at the Southeastern end of aljaf which is a desert Basin and often denotes the whole lower region of Wadi as Sirhan the famous depression situated halfway between Syria and Mesopotamia this area has water and was a stopping place for Caravans coming from Tama before proceeding on to Syria or Babylonia this strategic location effectively made the Duma The Gatekeepers to North AR Arabia The Oasis in this territory was the center of rule for many North Arabian kings and queens as related to us in Assyrian records Massa the records of tiglath piser I
three mention the inhabitants of Masa and T who paid him tribute on the summit of jabal gunam located about 14 km south of TAA archaeologists win it and Reed discovered some graffiti script which mentions the tribe Massa in connection with d and nebat this script refers to a war against danan a war against nayat and the war against Messiah therefore these tribes appear to have been close to each other at the time the tribe of Massa is possibly connected to the maseno of North Arabia as mentioned by tmy geography 5182 those holding to the theory
that the children of Israel crossed the Red Sea into Arabia identify elaser as the place where the Israelites murmured Exodus 177 616 922 338 Hadad some historians speculate that this tribe may have become known as the harar or the harina people who lived near the mountains Northwest of Palmyra it is also interesting to notice that there is a Hadad tribe in Arabia most of the hadad's are now Christians and are located throughout the Levant for example Jordan Syria Lebanon Palestine the modern day hadine tribe is also related tatama is usually associated with the ancient Oasis
of TAA located Northeast of the hijaz district on the trade route between tatri Medina and duma between T and Duma is the famous nafud desert it is thought that the present city of T at the southwestern end of the great nafu desert is built on the remains of the ancient Oasis by the same name tiglath piler III received tributes from T as well as from other Arabian oases the Assyrians recorded how a coalition headed by Sami Queen of the Arabs was defeated the Coalition was made up of masah the city of TAA the tribes of
sabba haapa badana hati and idiil which lay far to the West once defeated these tribes had to send tribute of gold silver camels and spices of all kinds the Assyrian King sarib named one of his gates in the great city of nineve as the desert gate and records that the gifts of the sumu and the TTI enter through it from this we can recognize Tama was regarded as an important place around 552 BC nabonidus 555 539 BC King of Babylon and father of biblical belshazzar Daniel 71 made the city of TAA his residence and spent
10 of the 16 years of his Reign there during the accented period Tama probably became a seed of one of the Persian Emperors however by the 1 Century BC the naans began to dominate t and it slowly became a part of their trading empire Isaiah 21134 invites the people of T to provide water and food for their fugitive countrymen in an apparent illusion to tiglath piler invasion of North Arabia in 738 BC Jeremiah 25:23 is a prophecy against the Oasis City in job 61920 job laments his fall from wealth and comments that the troops of
TMA and the armies of Sheba Yemen had hoped for plunder but now job had nothing thank you for joining us on Bible stories we hope you've enjoyed this journey through the biblical stories and have found inspiration in the Divine messages they contain remember to activate the notification Bell so you won't miss any of our future videos give us a like to support our work comment with your Reflections and share these videos with your friends and family let's continue spreading the light of God's word together until next time
