[Music] plants are amazing they create energy with sunlight and they use this energy to make what we use for our food fuel and fiber and this takes us on a journey deep into the inner world of a plant cell all of our cells organelles float around in the cytosol make jelly-like substance [Music] take a moment to look around a plant cell contains many organelles and structures each of them responsible for a different job within the cell plant cells collect sunlight and use it to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugar this process is called photosynthesis
photosynthesis happens inside the many green chloroplasts found around a plant cell in the mitochondria sugar that was created by chloroplasts is converted into energy packets called adenosine triphosphate or ATP these ATP energy packets become the source of energy to power the many activities and processes occurring around a plant cell [Music] peroxisomes are responsible for breaking down oils for energy a large vacuole acts as a storage bubble for a plant cells fluids nutrients and wastes a vacuole can occupy up to 90% of a plant cell when a plant is fully hydrated and the vacuole is full
of fluid it swells forcing out the cell walls making the cell and thus the whole plant rigid when dehydrated a plant wilts and this is largely because of a loss of fluid from the vacuoles to get in or out of a plant cell you'd need to pass through the cell wall and cell membrane the cell wall provides protection and strength for the cell a bit like an exoskeleton while the cell membrane lets substances pass in and out of the cell [Music] the endoplasmic reticulum or er is a network of flattened membranes the ER is the
site of many different processes inside of a plant cell found on the endoplasmic reticulum a smaller bodies called ribosomes these are responsible for making proteins the building blocks of a cell you are heading through a nuclear pore and into the plant cell nucleus the nucleus is home to the cell's DNA a long string like molecule the DNA contains a sequence of information that controls all the cell's activities the Golgi body which is made up of many membrane bound sacs collects packages and distributes proteins and other molecules made in the cell the cytoskeleton or cell skeleton
is a web of many filaments and fibers that crisscross the internal space of a cell providing both structure and support and creating a network of highways along which many things inside of the cell can travel real research is already discovering ways to make more energy efficient plants for agriculture and our future food security [Music]
