Good afternoon, guys. Can you hear me? >> Uh, good afternoon. Yes, I am reading you. >> Hello. Okay, >> I'm just I was just thinking that there's no class and I'm just going to class. [laughter] >> I'm sorry. I I was having a bit of um issues in connection and uh in starting Zoom [snorts] but now we speed up. Okay. I see we are almost full today. Um [snorts] I uh I'm glad of it because the last time we we were only four for in which three plus me and so I was I was afraid
that anyone was listen to the lesson but [snorts] okay last time uh we talked about a little bit of um um go ahead with the project or well um revision one of the your project of residential installation in a condominium. Uh and started to see um what type of installation we can do um uh what are the the systems used to fix for tech plant. In particular, we start to describe uh the fixing with um with um in in English is always a bit difficult for me uh because I forgot all the with ballast all
the names okay with concrete ballast and uh we described also what what is the best way to uh separate write the model rows considering the the shadow projected by the first um the first row of an inclinated uh solar system on the um on the second one and so on. I'll just share the the screen with you so we can see for who wasn't with us the last time and do a um a quick recap. Uh firstly I want to do this >> excuse me last time my daughter is sick so I can't to join
you. So if it's possible I want to share you a recap. >> Yes I will do I will do a quick recap. Um on the slide uh you can find anything uh everything sorry. [snorts] Um but we quickly describe all the things that we do we did the last time. Just a moment I get the sharing window. Okay. Okay. [snorts] Hello everybody. Sorry to to interrupt your lesson. I'm I'm GA. I'm your course coordinator. And uh before you start your lessons, I I just want to tell you something just just a few second because the
marketing the marketing part of Develop is asking me uh if it is okay for you and if it is possible to just turn your camera on for just a second in the way that I can do like a screenshot of the class like just one second. Not so much in the way that I just do this and Okay. Okay. >> Okay. Thank you. What's up, Bet? Okay. Okay. Adjust the perfe. Okay. Okay. Mute mute. uh uh they are around me that's why I just mute because he's screaming a lot. >> Don't worry just just another
time and I go. Okay. >> Okay. >> Okay. Okay. Perfecto. So another thing that I'm going to ask you if is some of you wants to be a testimonial of this project. It means that ino there is who is financing this course wants to like know your story know what you're learning about this. So if some of you some of you is available just let me know. I think that they will just ask you like uh one or two questions. Okay. Not not so much. But I just need one or or two names about that
wants to do this. Does some of you wants to do Maxwell? Yes. Okay. >> But no, I think mine is u I I want to ask a different question. >> Okay. Sorry. Sorry. >> So, yeah. Yeah. So the question I wanted to ask is uh I don't know the previous lessons is it possible I can have the link to the previous lessons because I need I need to catch up some things because I've been on stable for a while now. Sure, you can find them both on the develop platform, all the recordings or I don't
know if there are still on the discord chat or not. There is a drive when there are all the recordings of the lessons. You can find you will find everything there. >> Okay. Okay. [clears throat] Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Testimon. We got this. No, no. >> [clears throat] >> Okay. We was we were in three of you. I would like to know how many of you speak um only English because uh especially today and for the next lessons there are some technical aspect and terms that I uh sometimes it's difficult to remember. So in
some part of the lesson I will use Italian and I will try to do the whole in English but sometimes I must do to speak in Italian in furthermore uh I will show you already today after the the the quick recap that we do I will show some video of practical installation uh of structure and of course they are in Italian [snorts] If for someone of you uh this is a problem or um an issue, I can uh search for some other video for the next lesson to advise you uh explication in English. But the
ones that we see tomorrow are in Italian. >> Uh for me it's okay in Italian, in English. For me it's okay. If I can't understand something in Italian, I will ask you that uh you can explain me in English. >> Okay. [snorts] >> I prefer in English but if no choice I have to do that. So >> okay >> uh continue as you wish. >> Okay. Okay. Okay, I will try to do all in English and uh sometimes we will uh step back to Italian but we we try to to to keep it >> okay
let's let's start um I have excuse me I have a question about this Italian and English language because the working environment I think we have to do with Italian language. So it is a problem about the understanding and the doing at the future. Uh what's your proposals how to how can we manage this problem? >> No. Um I I missed the the central part of the sentence. >> [snorts] >> It is a a problem for you to do some short part or some only some terms in Italian and you want to do only in English.
>> No, I mean uh whole up package. If we study English as [snorts] I as I wish um the problem at the future start because we are in Italia. We have to do with Italian language with this special phrase a special program and uh I want to propose up the how how can we manage this problem between these language. [snorts] Okay. >> For me, I can I speak? >> Yes. >> I think yeah, I think someone like me, we of course I I prefer English, but then of course where we we're in Italy, I think
the mixture, the way the the course is going, it's okay. Mix a mix of Italian and English. Definitely you you you have to we all have to learn these things in in Italian as well. So, so I I think for me it's okay the way you're speaking both both English and mixing it with Italian and stuff like that. >> Okay. >> In in that way will be able to learn the Italian you know aspect of it especially when [clears throat] you do. >> Yes. This is the point because this is the point Maxwell because uh
this is a general course as you know with some pract practical tips to learn all the the world of photo volics when you will be on the on the job on the work. Hope you will do it in Ital in Italy and um and collaborate with some other technician in Italy install install plants in Italy. you can do it all over the world. Um so theoretically we try to do it in English but I for sure will translate every technical thing every technical names that I do in I know in English in Italian. So you
can apply this in Italy. Okay. Um the the issue or the problem for me that will get a little slower but uh is to translate some of Italian things that I know in English and in this way maybe I will search it with translate and we will manage it. Okay. [clears throat] Uh so we can share the slide screen two. Are you all able to see the the slide? See >> okay. So the last time as we said uh we started to talk about fixing systems for photoike modules. Uh today we must run because there
are so many things. So uh I'll try to um show you the most important ones. They depend basically on the type of roof we are mounting our uh our our solar system. Every type of roof has has it own better uh system to install the to fix the photo tech modules and uh we we can choose the best one um uh for every situation. There is no one rule. Every single installation you you do is particular, but the type of roof or terrain that you are mounting solar panels on is crucial. Last time we see
that uh we did a step little step back uh because we must do a little um uh a a little uh say a little thing about the shadows. When you install a photovoltaic plant, you can have shadows on your models. We don't like this situation because when I block with the shadow one cell all the string will affect it and so the efficiency of my whole plant will reduce I want to avoid this situation and so even if I'm mounting a solar plant a solar system on divided rows this distanced one by another. Even if
I mounting a solar system with an obstacle in front of it, I must avoid this situation. So this is a little example. You can see it on the on the slide to calculate the best distance from two rows, two sequential rows of photovoltaic models. Nobody know what >> the general rule uh to try to evaluate this distance is considering the day in which the sun is the lowest possible during the year and this day is uh the winter solstice. Um no Okay. Is the winter solstice that happens the 21th of December. And so I consider
the maximum height of the sun in the in this day because when the sun is low on the on the year and so on 12th of Dece 21 of December my uh my shadow will go uh will go further will go along will go long. There is a little definition. The angle that the sun ray forms with the horizontal roof or the horizontal ground is called declination and we indicate it with the Greek letter delta is this angle. Okay, made with the horizontal. Our inclination of our modules beta is the tilt angle. For sure the
two angles are not the same. And we can calculate the distance of the two rows from the beginning to the beginning and we call it D or from the end to the end and we call S as the effective distance the space we have to walk. For example, all this is a result of the this trigonometric formula that keeps in count the length of the module we are installing. we call it L. The two angles and knowing these four quantities we can know what is this what is the best distance. The declination our delta angle
is calculated as 90° minus 23.5° minus the latitude of the very place in which we are installing our solar system. For example, here is a little example in the city of Kuno in the north of Italy region Ponte. This is a city in with in this city the latitude is 44°. And so with a little mathematical operation we get delta equal to 20 22.5°. This angle will be delta in co. >> Sebastian >> I have a question about the delta. >> It is about the region we have to install the photo voltage system. So it
is a fixed number and uh how we can find this number in degree where we can do it. >> Okay. uh it depends of the very place. So um for sure the region can help you to to to state what is uh what is the latitude. Okay. Um because we are talking about the latitude in this in this question. Okay. In Kuno it is more or less 44. It's the same thing we did with professor Mariano in the previous lesson. When you want to locate we we want to know the position geographical position of an
installation you take in count two angles latitude and longitude. You can find easily it on Google Earth or Google in Google maps and it is the same angle that you insert for example in Puj's to evaluate how is the yield the producibility of our solar system. So if for example I let's get back to to Kuno. Okay, I try to uh open on internet Google maps. Uh, just a moment. [clears throat] Hope internet goes well. If for example I write this city in Italy. There is no disconnection. Maybe you think that this city doesn't exist
because my internet explorer is too low. Okay. It's very slow. Okay, let's do it on I try to I try to to show you on on my on my cell phone. This is so strange because I can talk with you but not do a research on Google. Cool. Now, okay. [sighs] No. Okay. Are you able to see this cell phone? >> Yes, a bit. >> Okay, this is the I'm sorry for my connection, guys. This was the uh the fastest way to let you see this. When you go on Google Maps and you ping a
place, when you search for um uh a pattern to do with your car, you get the place is unically defined as by two angle latitude and longitude. For example, Kuno has approximately two angles that is 44° for latitude and 7° for longitude. on Google Maps, on Google Earth, you can find it in the lower um right hand low of the of the screen or when you click on the bing on the left when the the sheet of the of the place opens up, you can find these angles. When you know the latitude, you can know
uh the solar declination delta. The they are the same very same angles that you see with Mariano in the previous previous lessons. Okay. the the the two angles that you insert put in your project. For example, to identify for one time forever where is your uh photo tech plant. For sure the latitude in this very place of my house is a little slightly different um of angle of another house that is one or two kilometers for from that from here sorry but they are quite the same. Okay. So in Kuno is almost 44 for sure
we are mounting solar systems. >> Okay. So what one second and then you can ask you ask me your question. We are not very interested of the all the decimals of this angle because this is only for us a way to try to um understand what is the compromise the best distance between two rows. If I miss the the angle of uh one decimal, the sun will arrive some seconds or some minutes uh before or after, but it doesn't count. Okay, [snorts] let me know if is all clear. Uh Sebastiano it is about the these
model of the arranging of whole of water D system it is a uh applicable for farm of water vol we we have a little row just maybe we choose one row and it's finished. >> Yes. Yes. If you use only one row, you must use this formula only if you have an obstacle in front of your row that is one. Let's say you have a chimney of a boiler. you can use not this this formula uh in in the strict way because in this formula that this bet there is beta that is the inclination of
the of my row. So but you can adapt this formula taking the vertical part or there are some other systems to evaluate the the shadow with solar papers that pro they are not in the slides. Okay. But if you have some many rows, you can use this formula. Let's say also uh this you can use it not only when you install a big uh a big solar plant for example on the terrain. Not only if you are mounting an a systems of 1 megawatt of peak power because sometimes you are doing an installation 20 30
kilowatt also 10 and you need to do for some reason the rows because geometric situation of the roof or maybe you have some obstacles on the roof. And so you cannot do um aa a unique inclination structure. And so you must divide your your system in some rows and you must take in account about the uh the shadow overall on the on the next one. Now you know delta that is the the declination. You can know the two distances D and S. You can use your little calculator. I just did the substitution with angles and
get this results. I took for example a module of 500 W with its dimension and guess that I'm installing it inclined but in vertical configuration. So it's L the length is 2 m and 15 cm projected on the ground. This quantity is L cosine beta here 2.15 per coin cosine 30° that is my tilt angle I choose and then I do the parenthesis 1 + tangent beta divided by tangent delta 30 and 22 2.5 I get 4.5 from the beginning to the other beginning and 2.6 of free space from the end to the beginning. Um
I have another question about the B groups with the more angles. So we have it we our top roof um in as a more than 30 angle we want to do to do two or three rows of these waterable D systems. >> Mhm. >> But because of the inclination of the roof we can't set at the proper uh suitable delta for get more efficiency. How can manage this problem? Okay. >> Another excuse me, I want another uh the the other problems about the firms with the ground of uh not straight like uh sen senous wave
we have heels >> for sure. >> Yeah. So please tell me how to solve this problem. >> Okay. Okay. [snorts] Um these are two good question we uh will will see in the in the course of the leation but um uh fast you must optimize your space. Okay. When you are mounting on inclined roof, this problem for sure you don't have this problem. When you are mounting on a terrain on the ground or when you're mounting on a flat roof, you can use little tricks to u reduce the the shadow and to get your surface
installation bigger. One of the system is the bella system that we um described in the last lesson and we now see it. It's try to uh construct a um continuous inclined surface with aluminum profiles like triangles or uh with um concrete ballasts properly designed for it with the right inclination and get a plain um surface. is inclined on the horizontal but in which your model doesn't have a real row and so you can play with your geometry and try to save them much much more space you you you can reach it's an easier way to
install it and so we can we can should uh see it now >> so use the profile foundation or concrete foundation to get a suitable angles and a suitable surface to install it. >> Yes. Yes, for sure. >> Thank you. >> Okay. Um then you you must you must say a thing uh when you are on a roof you you have this geometry. You must respect it. you must leave some space for walking and for do a little bit of maintenance in the future. Uh so you can use your structure that you ch that you
choose to maximize the space that you have but with the limits that you have uh from the beginning. Okay. So uh are you are you seeing um um the the slide? Yes. In this moment because Okay, let's go straight to the to the flat roof. So we uh repeat a bit what is a concrete ballast or a triangle structure. Okay. on a flat roof, you can you can use ballast systems that are commonly distributed in the market. Um, and allow us to to get a certified solid uh structure for mounting our solar system. You can
see the ballast. You can put it inclined in the row. You can put it flat if you want to do a horizontal system. You can connect it one to each other for particular situation and you can do a vea system. I like a lot this type of system because you can reduce firstly your shadows. You you don't have shadows of a module on another module. You can choose on your um distributor the angle that you are seeing that that you are uh interested in by multiples of five. You can do a structure. You can uh
you can buy a ballast inclined on five 10 15 degrees and do a veil. Okay. For sure, it is not convenient to do a veil of 30 degrees of inclination because your um your system will weight so much because the more the inclination, the more the weight of the ballast and we have a roof that at a certain point has his own um uh resistance to uh to weight. Also, the veil system has an advant advantage that we can um put a a a row on and on one another without going through passing through the
limit of the roof, the protection of the roof in italiano. Our little walls of protection, our parabeti are tall about 80 cm 1 meter. With this system, the veil, you can have, let's guess, five rows of modules with a final eight of 50 55 cm below the um the eight of the little wall. For sure I will not use the best inclination that is about 30° for my solar systems but in a residential house um where efficiency is not the uh primary criteria with which I um dimension my photo tech system. This system is really
helpful for an installator. Okay. With with ballast you can do also an east system. So you have the counter of uh your uh in of your exposition. one row exposed to east and one row exposed to the west. So uh my solar plant will be not oriented to south but will be alpha oriented to east and aloriented to west. Where I can use this situation for example in a company on an industrial roof, a commercial roof where the activity has uh much consuming energy also in the afternoon. So instead of having a big battery, a
bigger battery, I could choose to install alpha and al the exposition east and west and get half of the maximized production in the morning and the other half optim optimized and maximized production in the afternoon. What I want to say about uh ballasts and triangles and um flat roof, [snorts] you can see the nos sleep mat. This helps us to keep um the balance on position without slippery and protect the roof from every damage during the installation. Let's guess. I'm moving my ballast. I'm um letting sleep the ballast on the roof. The roof for some
reason has um a mat uh waterproof that protects my my roof from the from the water. the slip of the of the balance of the roof could ruin uh the the waterproof of my of my mat. So if I use a little noslip mat made by rubber a PDM, I prevent this this issue. I block my modules with clamps and I must keep attention at the effect of the wind with some aluminum profile called windward profile. Okay? Because for sure when the wind uh press the back of my photovoltaic model it can um it can
move it. So I mount these profiles back of the of the ballast to prevent this effect. We can see a little video of installation in order to see a little bit of operativity. The video is in Italian. Hope everyone uh understand it, but you can also only watch it. Uh it's very helpful. Okay. Are you able to see? >> Yes. >> Anything else? >> Okay. Sorry for the advice advertisement. [snorts] Yes. Um Omar. >> Ah okay. Uh okay. Because it is um it only music in this video. This one video is only music but I
try to um to do it without um my headphones. Are you able to hear me now? >> Yes, we can. I can hear you. >> Okay. Okay. Also, I can hear you. >> Let's try to maximize the volume. >> [music] >> Okay, only music. [music] Okay, I stop for a moment to the Uh this is an end clamp. It allow us to keep the module pressed on the structure. The last module of the row on right and on left. You let the clamp pass through the rail. Then you adapt it to the um [clears throat]
to to your model to the dimension of your model and then you adjust the compression and um control the torque. You can do it also between two separate modules with another component that is called central clamp or mid clamp that is able to keep pressed two modules and not only one. [music] Okay, this is the mid clamp with two flat uh sides and it keeps two models in the center. >> [music] >> Okay. In this example, we see a um installation of three rows, no veil system with some space between the rows, but with uh
concrete ballast inclined of 10° on the ballast. On the crest of the ballast, you can have the first binary in which you adapt your clamp. And on the side of the ballast, you mount the windward system with the L profile when you need it for sure. So, this was the first video. Um we can see also a video of triangle profil maybe there is no video there is a blank Oh no. Okay. >> Okay. Yes. It's a bit too slow, but in this video he speaks. So if you don't don't hear him, tell me. Wait.
One minute. Okay, for sure this is a video of a distributor um company that distribute and uh fabrics the proper structure. So they are saying that they have a technical office inside the company that can help you for some particular request when you have some not standard let's say installation. They can help you with the pre-proing pre-esigning of the system and help you with the layout and installation uh of the system. But during the video, the first part of the video we will see after because it's for inclined roof. In in the part that we
that we see now, we have seen a structure inclined uh preconstructed with aluminum for flat roof. Um [clears throat] uh with the proper dimension of the uh vertical side to get the the right angle that you want for your modules. Um, okay. I avoided this video because is the same as the as the first with two technicians in on the field that are mounting the structure. You can see it at home if you want. Uh now this was the uh review without of of what we do what we did last time and uh with the
videos. I think that we can do five minutes no more of um of break uh only five minutes because it's late and then we go ahead with the other types of inclined roof and other uh systems. Okay, there is some question is everything clear? there is something that you want to know in Italian how to say some word. >> Uh I have a question. >> Okay. >> We have seen a lot of uh like uh installation types >> and this is this is only with ballast on the flare through roof. Okay. Uh no uh it's
depend on situation or we can use any type of at any place. >> You must use the proper one for the installation you want to do. In this sense I'm saying to you you use the ballasts when you have a flat roof or it's slightly inclined. As the guy said in the video, you can use ballasts and systems also in slightly inclined roof. Moreover, three great three an angle of three grades. You can still use the ballast. But this is the proper installation for flat roof. and for flat roof who can afford the weight of
the palace because for sure if I have a roof that is flat but is made of 5 cm of uh let's say hood I cannot put the balance on a a light structure. Think the fact that every ballast has a weight, our own weight that goes from 60 55 60 to 70 uh in some situation also 80 kilograms. So if if you put um one or two ballast for each models you have much balance >> uh like there is a flat roof uh with concrete. >> Okay. >> So we have some options like we can
use uh like distance first row, second row and third row like a bit tilt. Yes. >> And we can also install on flat surface like uh we can simply >> you can use you can use screws bolts made exactly for for the concrete roof. >> But but in this in this situation and we will see you must penetrate you must get a hole in the roof. The balance system is useful when you don't want to ruin the roof, but the roof must be uh able to support the weight of the ballast. If this is not
the clear case, so you have a little um a little layer of concrete that is light. It's better to choose another type of installation without the ballast but with screws and um and bolts. for example, made tailored for the for the uh for the concrete. If for example your roof is with little waves of concrete such as ethernet, you must ensure that you encapsulate or remove all the ethernet and then use bolts or screws for the um uh for the remaining um concrete. Okay. and not the ballast. >> Okay, thank you. >> After the after
the break, we will see structure for inclined roof, roof with um wooden beans, uh roof with tiles, uh industrial roof, for example, with concrete or with um metal metal crests, sandwich panels. Every type of installation has its own system of fixing system. Uh let's see together now at uh 720. Okay. 5 minutes of break. >> Okay. Thank you. >> Okay. [snorts] >> [clears throat] >> Okay guys, are you there? I see you are only four. Someone left us. Yes, I am here. >> Okay. >> [snorts] >> Maybe you know if the the guys that are
not no more with us left all the Okay, I see Omar connecting quickly guys because we have only [snorts] Okay. Okay. Austrial. for [snorts] >> [snorts] >> Fore system. Andrea configur >> [snorts] [snorts] [clears throat] >> No. [clears throat] Forech. Foreign [snorts] [clears throat] Let's let's talk about firstly of metal roof that are in percententral um percentage very used in industrial and commercial situation. We can have sandwich panels. Um we can have corrugated metal sheeting uh for sure under the metal there is a substructure uh with pillars and so on that keeps our proof [snorts]
uh safe. on this type of roofs I um I I I must use the inclination of the roof. So if is if it is three grades I use three grades. If it is 10 grades I use 10 grades. How do I mount it? There are specific profiles, binaries, and I fix it with um uh with a riet, my binary on the crests of my um of my metal sheet. As you can see for many for many application I use small profiles small binaries. I take the very uh little space between one and the other crest.
I fix it with my rivet and then my structure is well fixed with the same inclination of the roof. Or instead if I have a curved uh structure such as is it is called kolino in italiano. I can use what the constructor calls it a tilt system. You can see that I fix it on the crest and then I have a small vertical profile for sure in aluminum and then my clamps such as the for the for the ballast. The clamp goes into the into the binary of the omega profil aluminum and the profile in
aluminum is fixed to the structure with the rivet. Uh to mount the riet I must do the hole. Let's say I'm using M M8 M10 all. And then I insert my rivet. I used the instrument that is called in Italian in Italian riet. I don't remember what is the English name. And I fix the the rivet in the structure. the riet and the riet are able to insert this uh let's call it screw in the metal in the hole that I practiced before and then create a substructure in the aluminum of the river of the
rivet and block it on the other side below. We can see a little video. I guess it's this video. One of these. No. [snorts] See it is this one. [clears throat] That was the redee. [snorts] Okay, this is a long video. It's about 25 minutes. It's very useful for installation of the whole photo system. Now we we we see only the part of the metal binary and the rivet. But if you want for sure you can see all the video because he explains little bit of passages for this particular installation. That's foreign. Okay. foreign. [clears
throat] Okay. That video. Okay, >> Sebastiano, please share links of these videos for us at Uh uh >> you you have the you have the link >> discord discord >> on discord. You want the link? >> Yes. Yes. Share of all of us. Thank you. >> Okay. [snorts] Uh you find I structured the slides in this way. for each type of installation or for each type of roof. At the end, uh there is a little a little point about how are what is the every every action to do to mount the the the system. And
at the the very end before the the images, the pictures, they are there are some videos. So >> [snorts] >> uh I can for sure insert the links on discord but if you want uh you you find it also in the in the slide at the proper position. Okay. [snorts] >> And about the original standards of the installation materials bill materials and the whole of components and efficiency and any other thing. we have a standard about that like ISO standard or German Germany DI standard so I don't know exactly Italian JIS I don't know exactly
which one but uh just I want to know the number of the standards and if you have the pile of standard please share with us to when we study alone to we have a reference to study about that. >> Okay. Okay. Um for sure we have a standard of quality from about the the structure that we mount. [snorts] Um about the standard you um always are advised to install guaranteed system. you go uh you go and uh buy it um about uh distributors and the suppliers of your um how to say fidua um in in
in English uh you trust them. Okay. Uh the guarantees um when you buy a structure from an um an important distributor, an important supplier, you can ask him what are the certify the guarantee about the structure you are buying. And this is the same for the aluminum structure, for the concrete structure, the the ballast for the photo tech modules. Uh for sure you can search on the um on the technical sheet on the document documents that the uh the seller gives to you. the um CE mark marking and you know that that products respect the
standards and it is maybe also producted in Europe. Uh and then you have also the TUV um the TV certification you can >> but hold us about the distributor and supplying uh sources for us. I want to start step one from the um structure planning all of how to manage how to start this project from zero to end. So we have a procedure about that. Some of them we study with you and with uh Mariano but uh it is not all of them. you use. >> No, for sure it is not. This is a general
course, >> but I can um I can reach more for our what are the um main standards. You can you can uh you can take in account before you are thinking to design a new photo tech plant and then I do a list. Uh just give me some some days to keep all the standards um one another in a list and then we we share uh the main ones the most most important ones. You can have uh million of standards because you can have guarantees and standards on the construction on the durability availability of this
uh product. the way in which this product is made from the beginning to the end. You can have some guarantees on the in on the place of installation. I I do just an example. you are installing um a photovoltaic plant near the sea and you are afraid your metal structure will be affected by corrosion because the wind can bring um in the air the saline air removing by the sea. So you can choose a metallic structure or a module with a certification that is properly tked and proved for saline environment. This is only um an
example but for every type of situation you can have a certification and and a guarantee. I will try to um to do a list of the major ones the the most important and then share with you. Okay. Thank you. >> Um, so let's get straight to another type of uh inclined roof. [snorts] We can see tile roof. Uh in this type of roof, this is mainly residential. Um and uh the proper way to install photovoltaic plant when you have tiles or curved tiles is with brackets, hooks, and screws depending on the substructure. If you have
flat um flat um I don't remember flat tiles you can use for sure the slate the the the bracket for the slate you see this is flat you use your screw to fix it on the structure below the the the slate and in this I show you this is adjustable if you want to keep all your modules at the same level. No, you have the little hole with another [clears throat] another little screw and you can adjust every little bracket uh to get a plane um a plain situation for your models. When you have a
carved tile, you can use this type of bracket underneath the the tile. you fix it the the holes underneath the tile. You reput the tile in um in the position and then you adjust uh the the dimension of your bracket uh and fix it your aluminum profile on the on the bracket. This is almost the same situation but for uh not carved tiles. You for sure can use different types of through bolts or uh screw um to fix these types of brackets or also this to your materials. this directly on the on the slate or
these two ones. If underneath you have concrete or wooden um uh wooden um structure maybe also here we can see a little video. Let's begin with the hooks. We have tiles. >> [snorts] >> So he's talking about tile roofto. Okay. City, one end. Okay, this second part of the video speaks about uh the internet let's say um installation. So in slightly curved uh concrete um roofs with um with the hermit. [snorts] And you can see this screw um pass through screw very long that is able to uh fix in the concrete. You can find a
very similar one, maybe a little um shorter for hood. When you have a wooden beam under your uh your tiles, it's almost the same. >> [snorts] >> This was the first. Let's see on the hood. It's a short so only to to do give you an example. You can see In this case, the hole has been done directly on the tile because it's flat. So, I I go with my bald screw pass through the um the flat the flat um tile that is named slate. reach my wooden beam that is below. For sure before installation,
I must take the measures. No, to know where is my uh below my my wooden um uh structure and then fix the the fruit bolt on the order the screw uh from from up to down. This is an example. No, this is the example we saw um few seconds ago on um Abesttoment on Ethernet with our our profile our through bolt made up for concrete. [clears throat] Then we have ground mounted photovoltaic system. Um for sure we must do a uh specific study before the before the dimens dimensioning. Uh we must know what is the
composition of our our terrain to choose the best way to fix the big photoike plant. We can use poles with a uh with a machine that inserts the pole in the terrain and beat it. enormous let's say that uh go around down on the terrain the ground and fix the system. Um here we have only an example they are very big PL big systems. Uh take the same the example of the screw This this video is about 10 minutes just to show you the the images of the of the fixing and of the system. foreign.
Okay. That's okay. Let's see the complete structure. So you have the big screw, the triangles, the bolts and the aluminum profile that gives you the right inclination of the model. Then we can have also tracking systems with a little motors that moves during the day to change uh whereas I want the inclination and also the exposition of my module. But then we can uh we can find another video that is not in the slide at the moment. For very big plants, for very big installation, for sure you can use uh one pole, two pole systems
or tracker systems that are able to maximize the the production during the uh moving uh let's say the whole uh photovoltaic system. Um let's say also another thing if I [snorts] am installing or designing uh small relatively small or mediumsiz photo voltage system. [snorts] The cost of a tracker system is very high on the total on the total cost in percentage. And the risk is that if so for some reason during the lifetime of the system one of the motor of the tracker get down as a fault, it will be not able to uh move
anymore. So I can get the the the wrong exposition or inclination of my module for several days. So it's recommended to use trackers that is quite expensive only for utility scale uh um utility scale uh uh plants. Okay. [snorts] on aluminum structure and ground installation. You can have a infinity of possibility. You can have also carports. um you can have struct structure for little in Italian let's say pencil that in the slide I wrote it the the name um I don't remember how to say pencil uh in in English but in the slide you can
find the the proper name and Um, for sure you can contrast you can construct them yourself by yourself, but you must be sure about the weight of the modules that you are mounting on the structure you you choose. And you must uh consider the effect of the snow and of the wind when you think at a metallic structure fixed on the ground by yourself. So what is my recommendation as installer? uh when I propose a little structure for a home or for a company that want to park their car under the solar photo tech models,
I ask advice to the constructor because when you um when you call a constructor, a distributor that uh has experience in mattering regulation. They already have standard or project uh situation metallic structure already think for the inclination the the weight the place the terrain in which you are mounting your photovoltaic structure. So you don't need to do calculus. Okay. They propose you and sell you and gives you all their calculation in some in some um uh situation their project. uh they give you the installation manual, the ma the maintaining um the maintenance manual and so
it is easier for you to uh sell and mount your your carport let's say. Um instead for uh for sure when you project design a big photo plant you do you need to do a study a project uh with an engineer. Okay. Uh the very last thing I want to get straight about installation especially on the roof. are two safety and fire safety regulation. When you are on the roof, as you say, as you have seen in some video before, you must be at the 200% sure uh of what you are doing. There are systems
for safety that in Italy they have called lineita safety life mounted permanent forever on the roof with a metallic um a metallic rail, metallic uh cable and you go with your hook and your uh safety brackets, let's call it. Um, and you are sure that you will not fall down. uh if there is on the roof a permanent lifeline. If this is not, you can uh buy a um let's say uh pro provisor linear data provisor um to help you go and walk uh without any any issue on the roof. the when when you have
an inclined roof, when you have a a flat roof with the paraveetto with the little wall protection, you don't need this. Always use protection for the end for the uh but you know this for the for the feet because if affordable type module um fall down on your feet if a ballast fall down on your feet you will be unable to use your feet for your life. and uh also the vest. Um the other thing is the fire safety in Italy this year uh in September uh the fireman's published a legislation regulmentation that is used
used to um let them uh able to operate safely in case of fire and uh quickly. So they advise the regular regularmentation when you construct a little bigger photovoltaic system is to divide the uh the system in blocks. Let's let's say Here we have some images that are extracted for um the the regularmentation. And you can see that you must leave a space of 2 m. Each time you have a block of module photo voltics and the max maximum dimension of the block is 20 per 20 m. So what you do when you are thinking
about the layout on a commercial installation on a CNI and a company you say I must install 200 300 photoable tech module it's quite a lot and uh I divide my layout in rectangles or square maximum 20 per 20. Then I must leave 2 m and do another block in order the fireman to have this corridor free to move and to intervene in case of fire. In the same way, you must leave one meter from the edge, the corner of the of the roof to the beginning of your block of modules. And if you have
some um openings for the light on the roof, some windows, let's say, you must leave one meter by the end of the uh lighting hole to the beginning of the photo tech plant. You can see all these dimensions also in the distance between rows. 1 meter for example between between the rows and 2 meter every block of 20 m. You see in order to uh follow this um compliance uh of this regulmentation this is a good practice and is a mandatory for every salation in buildings that follows the annual uh certificate of fire safety. inertific.
for H [snorts] I think is uh all for today. It's 20110. Hope I will I was clear on everything and if you have some curiosity some question surely in the slide there is a um description specific of every single thing but uh please ask me for every doubt and I'll try to uh to help you for everything. Okay. Is everything clear? >> Yes. Everything clear? >> Yes. >> Okay. Um I'm sorry that we cannot uh go ahead with the project because I really wanted today to show uh how to do a simple layout on an
inclined roof for CNI. But um I'm sure you did it with Mariano maybe in the previous lessons. Uh let's uh try to do the the next times but if we have time because today um I wanted to describe all the main type of structure as you can see the there are millions of structure everyone particular for your roof your case your ground your uh your situation And uh there is we have not so much time. Okay. So maybe the the next time uh when we saw connection with me we before we can do a little
bit of project and go ahead with uh um with com with CNI layout with the example of fire safety. Okay. Okay. >> Okay. Uh so good evening and we will see not the next week but the um other one before Christmas. uh I will share suddenly the slides and uh uh also the links of the videos and then I will do the little research for the list of certification that you asked before. Okay. >> Okay. Thank you. Have a good evening. >> Also you next week. Next week there's no class next week. this class next
week, but it will there will be Mariano and I think that he will do the inverter speak about the inverter if I I remember well. Then the the the week before Christmas um I will do the part of electrical connection. We will start from DC cables. um the the series of the modules, the strings and then we will go ahead with the AC cables and um and go and so on. Okay. >> Okay. Gracia. >> Okay. Thank you. [snorts] See you next time. Good evening. >> See you next time. Just don't trust me.
