Confucius, 551 BC: Ancient China's Philosopher Who Changed The World

hi everybody and welcome to this documentary on timeline my name is Dan snow and I will tell you about history hit TV it's like the Netflix for history hundreds of exclusive documentaries and interviews with the world's best historians we've got an exclusive offer available to fans of timeline if you go to history hit TV you can either follow the information below this video or just Google history hit TV and use the code timeline you get a special introductory offer go and check it out in the meantime enjoy this video [Music] two-and-a-half thousand years ago a

man was born whose ideas which shape the lives of billions and thinking of a nation the country is China and his name is konzi known in the West as Confucius born into an age of violence and war Confucius was the creator of a political and moral philosophy that was designed to bring harmony to the chaos of his times his extraordinary story so his ideas rejected in his own lifetime but adopted by China's Emperor's after his death [Music] they have survived China's rich in tumultuous history to influence countless lies not just in Asia but across the

world [Music] his teachings have been the foundation of Chinese education for nearly 2,000 years his ideas of meritocracy obedience and moral leadership have profoundly shaped China's political and economic landscape and his belief in the power of ritual and etiquette to unite and nation still governs everything from ceremonies of state to the most important unit of Chinese life the family to understand China one must understand Confucius and his legacy [Music] [Music] [Music] the story of Confucius is life was first written down in the Han Dynasty 400 years after his death after centuries of civil war this

was an era of peace and prosperity of great innovation and scholarship in which many of the customs and traditions that define China to this day were born at the heart of court the grand historian Sima Qian devoted his life to writing the first full history of China the study contained within it is a narrative of the events rulers and families who had made the most important contribution to the Chinese Empire including the first full biography of Confucius chu zhang xue'er a mixture of fact oral history and sooo much hands imagination this biography is still one

of the main sources for the story of Confucius is life and it documents the struggles he endured to get his ideas heard Yahweh erosion comes in a way showing faces who try be Quan Yin without Fei Jie who is the biography of Confucius spiced much and is actually so important because it's a first attempt the very first one to draw together many stories that emerged in the 300 years since Confucius death I think semaj was so alert about a very human side of Confucius how such a man was able to not only survive but to

pass on something very important about being human about being a moral person and of course Confucius had no idea that whatever he said eventually end up being so important to the Chinese Tom he's gentle ye sinners oh seunggeun tony cincone [ __ ] Confucius his father a retired military officer had already fathered nine daughters with his first wife and a club-footed son with his concubine but desperate for a healthy male heir he caught a seventeen-year-old daughter of a local family she had had a 48-hour the lose no she does wrong you sure yeah actually the

onion is a fellow foodie Intuit understand you know Sonya and Missy and jagged ha ha lard Obachan Cecilia Laura doesn't shun your sauna Fujio sausage and hot you see China so you're not other than a standard design your journey ends in tear your jugular Kunz of the Fuji [Music] desperate to conceive Confucius's parents went to a local sacred mountain mounted me in order to pray for a son semaj said the father and the mother of confucius had a tryst in the wild in chinese his yet gel and Confucian scholars were very uncomfortable with that idea

but I think what this means is this Confucius father was about sixty when he had this relationship with Confucius mother who was in her teens and as perhaps considered very inappropriate but it's also about hey Confucius was just very human from the beginning and he had lots of problems to sort out as he grew up [Music] Zhu Li Chen's biography became the subject of one of China's oldest picture book stories called the traces of the sage one edition has been carefully preserved in the Confucius archives in his home state of Shandong dating from the 15th

century it also included many other legends that gathered around Confucius after his death in particular the most famous version of his birth story the Photoshop in a changing you can take a message engine as if it's changing our nature sure if it fit her [Music] this scene illustrates the visit to Confucius's mother of a mythical creature called shilling [Music] made from different animals the head of a dragon the scales of a snake and the body of a deer in Chinese mythology the chilling heralded the arrival of a great event but it also tells us something

significant about Confucius's humanity [Music] in Chinese tradition people would think of dear men Li the body of gear with other parts of refractor and the animals mild disposition miles and nature and deer never harmed other animals even never step on other insects I think this is why Chilean was so significant in this picture to tell people the idea why Confucius is a very distinguished fever not very much you know one of the ordinary [Music] Bruta in severe poverty after his father dies when he is just three the traces of the sage then tells the story

of Confucius's early life as a member of the SU class the young confucius takes on a series of jobs including managing the state's herd of oxen and sheep sure they're many ways of translating that character sure I prefer this idea of the common gentleman a common gentleman is just one one level above the commoner and what makes them sort of distinct from a commoner is that a common gentleman is allowed to have an education [Music] as a result confucius decides to open a school from which his reputation as a philosopher would be born [Music] which

eventually we are told attracts over 3,000 students it's not schooling and our sense it's not academic training as with the early ancient Greek philosophers its schooling in a way of life by powerful people so people with access to power people with some leisure people who wish to rule wisely and well Iranian in danger Gentry Chivo usually would change it yeah it had a sensation the sentence over time Confucius's teachings would form the basis of one of China's most sacred texts the Analects a collection of his most important thoughts and sayings they have followed the development

of Chinese civilization originally compiled by his disciples on fragile bamboo slips the oldest fragments of the texts have been discovered in tombs dating from 300 BC and they reveal the circulation of different versions of the book in the centuries after his death in the second century AD one definitive version was then fixed by being carved onto stone erected in the imperial academy for scholars to study and learn this version became one of the foundational texts of the Chinese Empire and this same text has been taught in school rooms across China over 2,000 years jeans okay

see ya Sachi yeah silence you peel wash region such a shame draw a soldier suppose Chandra our capture your ponzu yeah foul night we Allahu rambutan our boil we Jinzo and oh you know sorry bhutya so each other he put in get down don't see shooter total console cut her pizza anything the 23rd untrue converted since I've enjoyed having sativa and nitrate hadn't even know he had a father [Music] the Anna let is now the main source of Confucius's philosophy and contained within it is the moral code that has become the touchstone of Chinese traditional

culture we ensure wrenching you know so we talked or dissenting cage version may we talk or doing at assume that he put in there naturally been Tatiana a short oh sure how come you corny and Ocean City a triple paintings auditory sociology Xena - ji-yong currency and pampeluna capture change' all around 551 BC Confucius lived in an age of political chaos and war at this time China was divided into numerous states each locked in a desperate and bloody battle for the domination of the country Confucius is born in an era when all he sees around

him is continual warfare one state fighting against another state they're assassinating rulers and extinguishing kingdoms as fast as they can all in all there are about 14 states fighting for their existence a central core of around eight smaller states surrounded by a group of larger and more powerful neighbors Confucius's state is one of the small states it's the state of Lu and it borders the great state of Qi and there's no question that the rulers of Qi were intent on swallowing up Lu [Music] desperate to find a solution to the violence of his age Confucius

looked back to the past in particular to the era of the early toll kings who had ruled large parts of China 600 years before many people including Confucius looked back to the Jo as a golden age as a time when rulers governed their people with virtue and kindness and compassion [Music] unlike the political disorder of his own times Confucius believed this was a period of peace and stability thanks in large part to the ancient rites customs and etiquette that bound soul society together a concept he called Li Li reduced to basics is ceremony ritual it

also refers to what we think of more generally as customs social practices what I say when I greet an old friend what I say when I express reverence for a teacher or a parent Confucius pointed out how very important those customs and practices are as the glue of society of keeping us together Oh children children women would poetry not really your Churchill in order to learn about the ancient rites and customs firsthand in five one eight BC when he was around 33 Confucius left the state of Lu given a carriage and two horses he traveled

a great distance to the ancient capital of the so kings in modern day law young veteran Jenna you know a certain tada - tada so to require a leader quitting our nation we have chosen our condo astronaut - general also yellow satin Sur de su casa da janela cuidate angwa hakuzo-su cuando cuando el contenido not gonna kill her Consuela so that as year when he hired her as a lead quid deal [Music] the rituals that Confucius went to study were above all the sacred rites in particular the ancestral rites that were essential in keeping the

human world in harmony with the cosmos [Music] when we talk about many of the rights what we're talking about is blood sacrifices offerings of blood and wine and offered to the ancestors and the gods in heaven the ancestors live in heaven and become themselves gods in the afterlife but one doesn't just set out meat and wine in each case when offering them one has to bring to it a particular attitude of reverence the reimagining of the ancestors in a sense brings them back to life with each and every offering [Music] there's really a kind of

religiosity in it you're still grounded in the human world but there's an elevation one has to very clearly distinguish that kind of religious experience from I would say religious experience involves a creator with it forced us outside of the human world the vessels used in these ancient sacrifices of the drill Kings are now held in a National Museum in Beijing from enormous sacrificial balls and stunning sets of bronze bells to intricately cast drinking vessels these artifacts are testament to the sophistication of Bronze Age Chinese culture but for Confucius they also held a clear message for

the same skills that were used to create weapons of war in his own age could once again be used to create objects of harmony and peace what happened in this period was the beginning of the aestheticization of the human culture lifting the human being out of our animality and making us into something that is elegant and enchanted [Music] Confucius at the beginning of a very troubled period tried to reestablish this the Lee that that had faltered as China became increasingly involved in war [Music] if the ancestral rites aim for cosmic harmony Confucius believed social harmony

could be achieved by the reinforcement of the hundreds of smaller rituals that still govern Chinese life from handshakes and greetings to the relationship between young and old teacher and student or husband and wife the aim of lis is to generate a sense of community and caring within the participants of that ritual so you have rituals like group eating you know if you're sitting with among the family the other person usually eats first but when you have drinking rituals including the family and a teacher a student is supposed to drink like this without facing the teacher

their hierarchical rituals so again the ultimate purpose is to develop a sense of caring among the participants that would not otherwise be the case Confucius genius lies in that realization that what he was doing was transmitting something that was already in everyday practice within the family within the community and so these rights these ritual practices which were not arbitrary but have been tested through time by others [Music] today the ancient town where Confucius grew up is called truthful now one of China's most historic cities it is home to what we call the sound call the

three confusion sites [Music] the first is the cornmeal the Temple of Confucius which is the largest cultural complex in China after the Forbidden City in Beijing next door is the consignee the Confucian mansion where his later descendants were honored and lived in splendor and on the edge of town is the enormous calling the confusion of forest where Confucius himself is buried surrounded by generations of his family [Music] in salarians biography truthful was also the setting for Confucius's greatest political success at the age of 50 Confucius had entered local government that had been promoted to the

role of scowl the minister of crime we're implementing his ideas of Lee he transformed the fortunes of his state due to the alleged suddenly you prefer [ __ ] of changes India since the charge or laughing will involve can use any young etosha life in this solar system hana the menu yonder hatela bootcamp on guitar Pangaea quite a Barbara America Leila we are a to learn some other parts are nursery children too much havoc on a hotel phone they wanted to build each other cello whether it's a little physical I think so much and really

want to emphasize that anxious did not educate by way of P no loss but he prefer to educate by way of ritual practice it's through mutual practice that people were able to have a sense of self reform that they realized their own wrongdoings and really want to correct these wrongdoings over the past few decades confusion concepts of leap in the Analects have seen a huge revival across China [Music] like why would [Music] as part of this revival at Maidan year village just an hour's drive from truthful the morality of the Analects has been woven into

daily village life young fool with your fumu wha how do you sit on your sister guy just down for Melissa Ojeda you purge or each other for mother quite hard so yeah yeah I'm teasing she'll be just so hot I hear so she know she won't I always check one for the past two years the village elder has introduced Confucian lectures to the village which begin with a daily broadcast of the deed segue a simplified version of the Analects nice for dinner what me tense I was you know those who see their manager or gauge

him into F are you f RT the way meat has all the paisa so yes I want is appear let about your ministry aren't you all a chance uh Danny here [Music] [Music] [Music] yeah but you know the part on the fallopian Lori their pianist your channel through this again poor xx get a $20 lead is yeah yeah ah ha ha singing a backwater papa - guys we did it we're hello we are miss hi - what he was sensor touch register the pattern episode be aa higher current without CDs where the Padilla who is

I'm going to put into a table or the PC to a stop where as this coupons head easier so yeah my first year oh my gosh a nice pretty holy the hockey blocking ready sorry she do [ __ ] whatever you can leave our your hole golem [Music] in Confucius's own lifetime the reintegration of the ancient rites transformed the prosperity of estate but the politics of his age soon conspired against him the traces of the sage paintings tell the story that threatened at the rise of Confucius estate under his guidance the state of Qi hatched

a plan that would have profound consequences on his life single mothers ruled out [ __ ] you should as we go he's happening shortly according to legend the state of T said a hundred and twenty of their finest horses and 80 of the most beautiful dances to loot Ingle the Duke of Nu and the Duke was so entranced he neglected the court rituals and sacred rites and the Lee of the state collapsed in just three days this picture is very significant very key the turning part of his life he tried a few times to persuade

the looting room please come back to taking care of the state of yours because he failed in persuading mood in whom there's no hope for him - for him to stay on so he got to find some other way though somewhere to realize his Israel [Music] despondent Confucius decided to leave and join by a group of his most loyal disciples he traveled across China's war-torn States in an attempt to persuade other rulers to take on his ideas [Music] on this trip one thing he tried to practice his ideas to try to persuade all the Kings

to accept his philosophy the way his idea about how to govern a good society they work together they travel together they help each other they contribute their own ideas into a pool of rich philosophy this is one of the most famous periods of Confucius's life during the next fourteen years Confucius traveled back and forth between around eight of the smaller states and China's central plains spending years and some and just weeks in others it was a long arduous journey [Music] caught in the crossfire of states at war and without shelter or security they'd be kidnapped

lose their way and on many occasions even come close to death they're not just words 100 and said yeah you're sodomy today colleges are the new rich lady Hoda blood that's all that's hinted at the furnitures didn't hear those lava did another loop hibachi Lila Tessa senado estatal there was nothing Jenica the challenges they faced forced Confucius to refine and debate his philosophy and it is during this time that he developed one of his most profound ideas the concept of the dreams the morally Noble or superior man Jason woman truly Oliwa will teach in the

tea pleasure since you ye really a dream sir normally is translated as a nobleman or gentleman but a better translation is exemplary person because whether it's a man or woman we should all strive to be Trin's according to the Confucian tradition somebody who strives to be adrene's a-- should try to extend the love and care beyond the family should care about justice and morality not about their own self-interest first and foremost and it's a lifelong struggle one that never ends unlike the rulers of his own age who ruled by the sword Confucius believed a true

dreams er ruled with virtue putting his people's well-being alongside his own Ginger's ready salute you Capri company when Jeter your attorney 20 quanti you trendy fries which are surgery it turns out Dozier like you so funky yoo-hoo LaRue Bouchard that ginger J here I mean I throw the I'm a loser but Confucius also gave the word a radical new meaning before him adrene's had meant someone of noble blood after it meant someone not of noble blood but of noble character something quite revolutionary analyst he's inviting people to look beyond the trappings of power to look

beyond physical attractiveness to what we might say is an inner beauty virtue ethics and the like and so this is this is one of the one of the things I think that he realized during this period of Exile the best examples of Confucius is reinterpretation of the word dreams are his disciples themselves drawn from every section of society none were of noble birth yet all had the innate potential to be noble of character amongst his disciples their own types his disciples Seagal was a merchant salul was a warrior type and two of his favorite disciples

young way was from a commoners background from a very very poor family and John Gong was someone whose provenance was very questionable I love capricious description of jungle he said that is possible for a descendant of a plough cattle you know to be born with perfectly formed horns I think what all this tells us is that if she just did not measure a person's worth by way of that person's family background at the time Confucius was very concerned with training future generations so that they would be good and moral leaders so this idea what we

can call political meritocracy that the political system should be designed with the aim of selecting rulers with superior ability and virtue that's central to the Analects of Confucius and it's very central to the whole Confucian tradition [Music] these ideals didn't just apply to potential rulers the ideas of lis and jiangs found their origin in the most important unit in Chinese life the family at Chinese New Year millions of workers from all over China returned home to their families in what is the largest mass migration of humans on the planet at the heart of this celebration

is another of Confucius's most important concepts what he called shop often translated as filial piety [Music] made with a Chinese character for old above the character for young shop illustrates the respect the young must pay to their elders and ancestors and over time shop became so important to confusion thinking it developed its own manual the shark Junior jujitsu sheilo yonder the Shilla pins SEO sangetsu she I she said she would you pay learn her lesson the reality of China's economic boom means that many families now live thousands of miles apart and for many migrant workers

this is the only time in the year they can return home to see their parents the faithful ah-ah-ahem how to name it we got to the right man so you wish I will AMA send the power washer is a pseudo sedan decision champion how do to the solution for the using sense your hydrolyzing pop wouldn't say Akkadians and you are so mean what I'm fighting about that was young funny and Jesus was funny with the other hand you know what those women yep I saw your tire these days [Music] in thule chains biography we are

told that shock came to Confucius naturally from an early age rather than playing with normal toys Confucius spent his childhood staging elaborate ancestral rites in particular for his father who had died when he was just three and as Confucius grew up he realized that the values he found in a family exemplified by the loved one had for one's parents and grandparents could be extended outwards for the benefit of the rest of society these things should come naturally I mean it's natural for the young to respect the older person is natural in the village that elderly

actually get their share of food first I think as geniuses he realized that there is a moral grounding to those practices it was that moral grounding it has to do with empathy he thought of empathy is the one thing that distinguished humans from other animals that if we are born with that sense that sort of the stirring of empathy why not expanded why not make it work for the family for the community for the state for all Chinese the heart of the New Year celebrations is the gathering of the family together in the family home

[Music] [Music] before the New Year meal can take place it's customary to honor one's ancestors for religion in China isn't to a god it's to one shared past in confusion thought this is where Chinese religiosity lies in the family and it's through rituals like these that one learns to become adrene's a moral person even as a judge she seduces men DePalma time in niche in India data resulting over 10 - Asia saint or chastened oh darling Shamma Lamma presence of lucifer mama papa sued a lot of in when fulfillment and even a journey the takashina

12 article moolah moolah the fans la la mala - Johanna [ __ ] is Sudha yoga Shan Shan Shan there's a potential to need anybody [Music] [Music] in four eight four BC after 14 long years on the road confuses abandoned politics and finally returned home [Music] unable to find any rulers to take on his ideas instead he decided to transfer his attention to the training of a new generation of dreams by that time he was already 68 and once he was invited back to come to come home then it was said that his gait was

just flooded with young men who wanted to learn from him and what exactly did they want to learn from him I think has to do with the art of government because several of his chief disciples they don't actually became very important people in government the gong for instance served as a counsellor and salute had a high political position and there was strong boom was a an administrator and so maybe this young man felt that Confucius could teach them something about statecraft about the art of government and also how to get into government water issue usually

decrease to train this new generation Confucius developed a curriculum based on the ancient teachings of the past at its heart were the six arts the six skills Audrina had to master in order to cultivate his character they included Lee the rights and us music both of which brought harmony to society [Music] and Confucius place these alongside the essential skills of soup calligraphy shoo mathematics hmm charioteer II and sir archery [Music] most importantly it's during this period that Confucius is said to have compiled and edited the most sacred books of Chinese history which are now called

the five classics Johanna - Johanna Party of China has unbalanced you sang decoded oh yeah party dahana to to logica Kadena we had our own ship so you called intolerant have the wine has a chicken pot reduce technique irrelevant a second adjuster delegates a panic she wanted is now globalization are trying to I got a sentence with you [Music] Confucius's Academy is the subject of one of the most well known paintings in the traces of the sage series it vividly shows the master and his disciples annotating and discussing the ancient literature you see the people

working on the classical tax warm discussion heated discussion and here Confucius himself one two three four five six seven eight people sitting around him the master and disciples together developed new ideas the younger generation is entirely involved in the discussion in the continuity of tradition this is exactly reflect the idea and how Confucian developed over history [Music] the five classics were canonized alongside the Analects of Confucius during the Han Dynasty over 600 years after his death erected by the emperor in the Imperial Academy these sacred books then became the basis of China's famous Imperial examination

system a rigorous set of exams that were designed to root out the most talented candidates for imperial government the examinations guaranteed candidates had read the classics and had understood the teachings of the sages and if they understood those teachings it was assumed they would be trusted advisors to the Emperor and trusted officials throughout his realm [Music] added to over the following centuries with books and commentaries by later disciples at the Imperial Academy in Beijing this vast stone library covers a hundred and eighty nine stone studies with their 630 thousand characters taking over four years to

carve me Antron Brown jr. Sinha shorter you're sure true yeah who is who is hi ginger GG chief are choosing I think in all early civilizations learning about ones many pass not a single past is very important because past history provides precedence about what does work how you motivate people what you do in crises how you resolve dilemmas all of this is contained within the five classics and the various commentarial traditions the examinations themselves were famously rigorous candidates had to learn hundreds of thousands of passages from the classic texts with question and answer sessions lasting

over three days [Music] conducted at four different levels from the lowest level country exams to the final test of the Imperial Academy the pass rate was only one or two percent [Music] with such power and privilege awaiting the successful few some candidates even tried every method to succeed and Heerenveen a juicer woman Kukoc resume tryouts will be taught on G cha cha cha Tae Yong dong truly you cannot show me [ __ ] sutured the editor at the video show who are you more sesame chicken sushi people know about the phone that they didn't negasonic

call Narnia sunday ago when she talked about Moby that on Geonosis when he goes out you have found anemia or a finite degree and Happy Hanukkah honey before ye foucha she's early are you sure no no questions only 2000 year true from what he knew he was your cousin coming you talk about this year to Shivan I see that having the chief was on he may eat and talent warrior culture Taman Jurong requirement how many waters young young that - - any treasure hunter sure that Hammond dings are you put oranges so in traditional you

eat often really aunt Olivia to the any pitcher in town the influence of the Imperial examination system was so enormous that it spread across Asia to Vietnam Korea and Japan but perhaps his clearest legacy in modern China is the call call the annual national university entrance examinations in which students from all walks of life attempt to win places not in government but at the nation's best universities as a mark of their debt to Confucius one rite of passage for many students is a trip to the Imperial Academy in Beijing where they ask for the blessing

of China's first and greatest sage see this year for your honor you can read about that way back Selam quite so I guess a neon Darrell passes away you should never lie to you would you show me a culture [Music] over the past few decades hundreds of Han Dynasty tombs have been discovered across China many dating from around the 1st century AD 500 years after Confucius's death inside are stunning representations of the Han dynasty's vision of the world heaven above full of birds and beasts [Music] and the human world of hand horses and charioteers below

if the first emperor Qin Dynasty United the country geographically in 2 to 1 BC then it was the following Han Dynasty who United it culturally over the next 400 years of their rule [Music] and so within these tubes we see the establishment of the cultural heroes that underpin China's emerging national identity including the first known portraits of Confucius [Music] collision Yaiba charisma pirated or shiny bank hallelujah taro chunk or hole in the mud your team jung-hwa the usual soldier surely sir you got your general nature socially just a new poodle idiot the figures on Han

Dynasty tombstones were often carved in different tiers with court officials at the bottom and the gods at the top with each figures placement relative to the esteem in which they were held cool the rheology bandage Andrew are you Jesus Adame Autobody Raghava shambo shambo shambo Chrismukkah homologous to country Trenton jr. jr. my young son commands about junior lingua yesterday we just yawn even Union courtroom day just happened earlier yes even some challenger new su Yong JA resume in selections biography we are told that Confucius died a frustrated man having failed to convince a single ruler

to take on his revolutionary ideas spread by his disciples after his death it was only in the Han Dynasty that his ideas emerged to become the dominant philosophy of a now United Empire food Hana Hana uses data yet homogenous Serena served guida three hot Hanabusa guardiana initial s services Amina - not gonna help - Dominguez today you see ya over successive centuries the ideas of Confucius became so important to Imperial China that every new Prefecture built a temple to him elevating him almost to the status of a god the word shun which we translate as

God or spirit in Chinese simply means an unseen influence that has an enormous impact so you can have gods that represent mountains or rain clouds or beings that are actually living or dead that exist an enormous impact on their surroundings and I think that's the sense in which Confucius is a God [Music] [Music] the calm you needing is now the most well-known Confucian temple [Music] located next door to the Imperial Academy for the past ten years it has been under the care of Kwanzaa a 76th generation descendant of Confucius himself his son or daughter I

was recruiting that hopefully murder-suicide shokudo community power was redundant 3js welcome you to our yen had a cheerio I got no fear under foucha question which I see on the country it was here where the Emperor himself came to conduct sacrifices to Confucius twice a year this tradition lasted until the fall of the last emperor in 1911 on the chin Solaris were not paid your dad's in Tony she the feet on feet of yunso by in Georgia hongyi so how you that repay now you're a dirt road ahead in the adult radio nighties achieving a

German associate iridophores acre from waterfront home that's it so that Jake Chianti picture no true yeah I'm jealous central thank you you are not higher yeah comes of a song see oh yeah party to all send out a goat you edit or whatever to obey also now how do is here to say go to not your first even somebody elementary rougarou watching Yahoo my god save a useful these rituals reveal how China's Empress had restored the ancient rites of the Joe Kings to the very heart of state life but they also highlight the importance of

sharp to Imperial China the idea of Chou filial piety was important in imperial times because as Confucian ideology developed the state was seen as the family writ large and just as Shou could bind together a family so could it bind together an empire and ensure that the subjects of that Empire would revere the ruler and that ruler in reply to such reverence would embrace and care for all of his subjects [Music] [Music] during the Han Dynasty the best example of the importance of show in Imperial culture was the elevation of Confucius's own family becomes to

Chinese nobility [Music] five hundred years after his death Confucius's family tree was painstakingly retraced and he was appointed first ancestor to a long line of Kong family members with the principal male line eventually inheriting the title the Duke of Qom you told us - ah sir yo NGO border what - goddess huntin wanna see a concert a Jose or Andhra host you Apodaca unser jr. Americans are Hoda you that say it's okay Ronnie I did not a concert ho Donna Jo very funnily Hojo sorry boss anjo a lot on a rotisserie you go cuckoo ah

ahah ah you see I should I eat your salmon yeah tae [ __ ] on Yanis Roku hot so do la puna Padukone yalla you're Carrie laughing so quiet [Music] after 2,000 years of genealogical records the extended Kong family is so big it now has its own headquarters the Confucius genealogy research center in truthful and it's here where all the Kong family records are kept safely and securely by seventy seventh generation descendant of Confucius Condamine so you go funny announcer Sulu da woman so you call Hawaii siddhappa shorty da partner to us today in a

dance alone they were mended a conceited juanita apart but what is resourceful solid yet whining quietly yank on yawning that's what yes also eating that the tiny center C so ah further than me I here to the India in why I just saw I mean she took up one yet - I ended up on the Hawaii yeah be upon the whole it same week [Music] in 2009 confirming unveiled a new edition of the complete family tree which hadn't been updated for over half a century numbering eighty volumes it took 12 years to complete and it

now contains over two million family members names including women for the first time [Music] you can drive to the TOEIC on who you can utilization that yes in Qaeda tanzanite say that the chapel sheesh you want main controller to play a single well yes a cannula to the same Inka Canoga slogan yes you get I get you how can years ago Universal was say he's an analyst either Syrah he goes oh ho [Music] often referred to in Chinese as the first family under heaven the cult genealogy is now the oldest and longest accredited family tree

in history with its over 2 million descendants living all over the world you may need its inclusive environment women come here they could identify you contenders chamber so you will mention curricula that cut out for you here honey [Music] my name is kaity Tong I'm a 77 generation descendant of Confucius and my name Chi D in fact is derived from the Confucian Analects my grandfather named me he picked my name and actually what it means is having princely qualities the qualities of a principal hello everyone thank you for having me here today to speak to

you my name is James Cong or in Chinese Contra shoot well I am the 79th generation descendant of Confucius and my grandfather is the head of the family in mainland China and the most direct line in mainland China for three to being a comb also brings its own pressures for in return for the prestige of their family name every member is expected to uphold the values of Confucian morality wherever they live when I was growing up my mother pounded them to her head that's you are a member of the Confucius family your descendent of Confucius

so don't misbehave when you go to school you have to be better you have to be stronger you have to be smarter and you have to remember that the honor of your family the Confucian family and the entire Chinese people rest on your little tiny shoulders I was five years old the top as a 79 to generation descendant of Confucius I have an extra level of responsibility in the way I behave and the example that I give to other people so I'm everyday I work towards this this good behavior in myself and hope it inspires

other people to do the same [Music] confusion isn't emphasis on hierarchy tradition an ancient etiquette has made it the focus of numerous attacks from alternative schools of thought both during his own lifetime and in the many centuries after his death [Music] in the 20th century Imperial traditions were often blamed for China's poverty and lack of development given that Confucianism was the mainstream tradition it became a principle target and by the late 1960s Confucius was included in what was called the four ODEs old culture old ideology old customs and old habits of the bar conferred on

me enemy beyond seas variable from the Savannah vaccine which I've hired by pulling grow at the height of this period because of Confucius's deep association with china's feudal imperial past his legacy was dismantled and nowhere more so than in his hometown of truthful or thus angkong the three confusion sites had to be put under state protection one mystic work on the divan you win a super gigantic Ithaca oh you jiggle know about our to that conforming crow homeopathic as I got chance Sano seconds ago what homeopathy hot tomato TV hello Japan tour channel camera not

even the wing will support as I finessed quizzical Obon dance o Soniya sucessfully Sun actually suggests that honestly yeah so you know once those decades ago now I thought yes for you over the past 40 years as China has modernized and its economy thrived it has embraced its ancient traditions with renewed pride nationally Confucius has become a symbol of the depth and continuity of Chinese civilization in the media his teachings are being brought up to date for millions on national television majoritarian life sure is Hillary at that she remembers engine now a truck with a

lockable island and in schools across the land Confucianism is back at the heart of state curriculum now see the junket empty that Humvee I am UK the Shin tae-hwan and teams in China so how come the UK's attention pay attention and thank you I saw Meridian becomes a chinchilla I said they are or they won't listen Sam hammam katralla - aha at the société de me a Confucian boarding school outside Beijing children between the ages of 3 and 14 follow a curriculum based entirely on traditional Confucian education with their day starting at 5:30 a.m. together

converse we're in the shower change challenging change ticket senescence orientation on the piensan take a chamber use digital is it thank you enjoy the evening young but he but either way that's having on who you told okay three Hornets the Ayodhya identity right also put in current science energy yes Linden general question I see that's why children are schooled not just in the modern curriculum but also in the confusion sticks arts [Music] [Applause] crucially they also learn to recite the Confucian classics by heart from a very early age together yo - Tom Boyd Indian Tonto

muchacha de botando nigel soladu t come to us anonymity here in Shakuntala TV film how Kapoor Shaad ET and in that Center have a DTV to pollute India real Hotel Ukraine Yola DJ the name tisha commutation a new sheesh and thousand bats heart Susan yeah oh yeah the man fans who shall I tell you Tom how in the main page control oriental Collins to enjoy Yvonne Chaka Khan of evil [Music] at the core of this revival in confusion education is a focus on what many feel is the most important confusion virtue what he could run

often translated as benevolence or humanity tickets tickets aneema um to da-da-da-da-da she ran away questioned her children she is also G Joseon OPA I shall not be any even shall not Suzy the word ran actually means person but the character that he uses is the character for person and the number two and so what he is saying is that the way in which we become consummate as human beings is lies in the roles and relationships that locate us within family and community it should be translated as the very best conduct that one can express becoming

the very best father becoming the very best grandmother becoming the very best teacher [Music] the moment Confucius came to develop this idea was once again during his period of Exile adrift in the warring States with no ruler accepting his ideas it was in conversations with his disciples that he elaborated the concept of zone giving it its secondary impulse the idea of empathy what he called Shu was you Ian okay Thompson's injured [Music] she flew cool teeth up all year whoa well one of the problems in western studies is arguably excessive individualism and what is the

authentic self I look deep in my heart and once I find the answer there then I could find a meaning to life but the confirm says you don't just look deep in your heart you have to look at the relations with other people see how well what are the quality of those relations if they're harka coal that's not such a big deal what matters is that those relations are characterized by compassion and care [Music] if Confucius formulated John and Sue to counter the individualism of his own age then to many this has clear parallels in

the materialism of contemporary society [Music] to this effect many Chinese companies have now started to integrate Confucian ideas into the modern workplace [Music] one of China's largest petroleum refining factories Jinghua petrochemicals in Confucius's home state of Shandong has made the concept of Jun and Xiao an essential part of their management structure [Music] these values they believe not only improve the morality of every worker but also make their business more competitive we're on guna FOMO Namur Farentino yeah UNCA fafa algunas our notary ho koala de ce Rangoon Inori so fufu you Iguodala can notice - number

two's idea why awful soon why the Sampson salon she can ha woman on you're gonna kill him [Music] well y'all myungho the universe avoid sunburn dated sunburn ah Ciudad jardín poco fumu hey tohno-kun zucchini talk with a handsome Ian why you cooler is han ayudado so this is no super how kind of the easier to see you to see and Americans Amanda young Kobe they see more Toledo you hope to take another Hollywood you don't go to Asia this combination of business and virtue what some scholars have called practical confusion ISM is one example of

how it has consistently evolved with the times and which some now see as giving China its competitive edge the values of Confucianism can be seen as something that give China an advantage in its dealings with other countries in its economic development Confucianism emphasizes cooperation collaboration education discipline study all of those things are important for success in the modern world it's a remarkable story rejected in his own lifetime Confucius's teachings have come to define the deepest and most human aspects of chinese life [Music] from the chaos of his own times through China's imperial age to 21st

century China's newfound status as an economic superpower they have not only persisted but have found new meaning in every generation why because cut their heart lies a shared set of beliefs and rituals that have lasted the test of time and which find their ultimate meaning in the most important unit of Chinese life the family what you do see RGGI Chandler Kannada Tolkien torture machine he who to Marion had a lazy high schooi jackie you jackie and hide another even judge when color generation the dough logic and the judge in issue solutions how you this reverence

for the family stands behind were the most important rituals in Chinese culture the grave sweeping festival of Keaney where all the confusion virtues of e cha and zoom come together [Music] uhm you know what a tire normally designed wa with the to the alwa moussala told him talking we are su f ir a-- at jingling young and old visit the grave of their parents and ancestors which for Confucius's descendants in truthful means a trip to the confusion forest where their family members are buried young what was a yeah you gemelos santo who signs doggedly don't

ominous area Shanna wasn't she teaches her dead son idea at all Tahoe thank you judge chili robot house were here but nosotros a media push on him cumali child is a different tone so much active are based on how much he does the visa w2v the canary preview data you don't die in pain chance for more control ganya in your home well yes you wait on already good what only here so for the hotel yeah yeah yeah who is her mom's at all lol oh yeah oh yeah at Ching Ming the Chinese give offerings and

kowtow to their ancestors as a way of repaying them and as a way of renewing their ties with those who brought them into the world I work at the Weaver shoutout [Music] in truthful Qingming is also the occasion for the coming together of large numbers of the extended : family [Music] this year on the 2566 anniversary of his birth [Music] [Music] [Music] the gathering of the cotton family at tinging culminates in the grave sweeping festival to their most important ancestor Confucius [Music] conducted in the same spot for over 2,000 years this has become a ritual

of national importance given the contribution Confucius has made not just to the Chinese but to so many across the world concentrate harder tune down the issue Tina had a decision yes you know who food legal even other things and so that young elites ago she see Basha waiter who mean that they don't own each other Sri true it is solely the father now something are you good things for that [Music] the Moto e home to the Hogan warm a younger tan Fuji yo jeon jongsu Torian financiación de Jong by Fotolia [Music] it's a remarkable legacy

given the circumstances of Confucius's death in the final chapters of the biography the mighty n writes that age 72 Confucius despondent over his failure to have changed the world witnessed the revisit of the chilling a portent of his own death yeah Herbert all Norma truthful oh year for where once the chilling had gloriously heralded his birth this time it was to herald his end a few days later visited by his faithful disciple su Guang he uttered his last words a quotation from the Confucian classic the book of songs kai shang while they who treat children

way yoo-hoo transaction 1 3 7 to me dances along motor again console ye trashy children under correction [Music]