ReSIS3 - Academic essay writing: why not to do it.

[Music] good morning dialy good morning patricia good am morning doing good hi good morning good morning i'm not sure if you're able to do that but if you can open your camera do that because that's going to be good example for other people that come in [Laughter] teacher yeah [Music] is all right hi guys oh today we have aurora with us as well alright is a professor in chile very good we have uh well yeah antonio who's a professor in panama we have some students we'll have more students soon uh and it seems that we

are starting to engage uh people by the way while people are still joining uh let me uh try and put this into Perspective uh again we today we are we're going uh to deal with our third topic uh which is essay writing uh and we will start with essay writing because it's the the only thing that i don't want any of you to try and do uh for now uh so essay writing um it's probably the easiest kind of writing that we can do But at the same time essay writing is the most difficult to

get published uh for reasons that we will discuss today uh and uh it and and to some extent it's it's also when i say it's easy to write because you can write an essay the way you wish i asked you to to try and see if you find a structure for an essay You know looking on the web or looking in books or wherever and by the way i'd like to know if if any of you were able to find a structure in essay writing um that that could go beyond simply saying well an essay

like you always have to present what you your intentions or your objective and then you you write the development of your essay and then you get you have conclusions at the end Right this is basically what an essay should be like the the the problem with that is that it's very broad uh it's it's easy in the sense that there are no it's not well formatted but at the same time it's very easy for others to criticize uh and to and to claim that it's uh no good right i don't know has anyone had the

opportunity of finding out some structure for essays or No i think the structure alexander extracted one of the most controversial issues in in writing a stage because everybody thinks that the structure they use is correct but sometimes this chapter has to do i think it's related with what kind of desire you're writing because if you write opinion or you write academic or you're argumentative yeah well let's say structure is Something that some i am a very well some people consider that i'm a very chaotic person because i'm always challenging structure i want to do things

differently right aurora knows me well we had regular conferences and i said why don't we have virtual conferences and then when we have virtual conferences and we go back to regular conferences i say well we should find hybrid ways of doing It or whatever i'm always trying to uh challenge the ways we do things because i think that the ways we do things um are a way of um well it's something that we're confident with and if we don't challenge what we do it's impossible for us to go beyond some some some limits that we

have set for ourselves so i am i i i i am at the same time chaotic because i want to push Things further but at the same time i there's no one who acknowledges more than i do that structure is good and it's important to give people let's say um a ground below their feet so where they can stand and say yes this is this is secure lens you know and uh it's not shaking so it's important that we we we have structure and for most of the academic writing uh structure is important simply Because

we do not write romance we write reports right we we develop our scientific experiments if we are in a more scientific area or at least we develop our um we develop our work our research and then uh basically what other researchers want is to um have access to our reports what what are the results but of course uh in academia and in Research and in science uh in general i don't like to use science as much as to refer to what we do although we we use the scientific methods most of the time or we

try to use the scientific methods we i still think i still prefer to talk about research and when we are where when people are interested in the results of our research if they are if they also follow the Scientific method to some extent they will always be questioning how did we get to our to let's say to those results right the results themselves may be interesting but for other researchers that are part of our academic community uh it's not only uh the results that matter we also want to know how did this guy Gets to

those results because if the method is is fraud has problems uh then um then the results will also be questionable right i mean we may get to very let's say i could get could do some research here and find out that martians are indeed green okay those those little aliens that live in mars or for those who believe that there are That are that that are those kinds of uh let's say uh um beings uh and then uh okay i got to an interesting result i would uh i would find it interesting to read about

someone's uh uh results on how how did they get how did they get to think that martial or to think or to Claim that martians are green uh and then if the well if if the process to get to that um to that result do not convince me i cannot be convinced by the results themselves right uh if we were talking for example about religion we could talk about dogmas things that we have to believe as results Regardless of uh you know the process we get to to those ideas or to to those conclusions in

uh research in academic research we do not trust the results if we do not trust the method and then uh what is the problem uh with uh essays in terms of methods you just read an essay for this this uh for this meeting of ours right uh and what is the problem with an essay it depends Well i'll explain what what i think that usually is the problem from the perspective of other researchers it depends whatever is written in an essay depends on the perspective or the understanding of the writer right a writer of an

essay is only only bases uh the ideas that are included in an essay On his or her own um perceptions of the word okay but again you are what you write but others have to believe that you are something so that they read what you write right and mainly if it's an essay again today the topic is essay writing because it's the easiest one to write you just choose A topic uh you you you decide on what you want to do we will go through the the the paper that i assigned to you we will

have to figure out what my objective i was one of the authors there uh so you are in that uncomfortable situation of uh assessing the work of someone who's who's here and who's listening to what you you think of what let's say i wrote i can already tell you it's an unpublished uh paper And you know why it's unpublished because well the the only paper to sorry the only journal to which uh it was submitted uh it didn't didn't go through the gatekeeper the first gatekeeper and the first gatekeeper is the editor uh i was

here i was feeling like showing you the the the response i got from the editor to this paper and this morning i was still here deciding if i was going to do it or not Uh at the end i decided uh oh we have we also have by the way today we have some uh uh people that had not been here with us before katya is a is a student from california right well you're german right katja but uh yeah i'm from germany but then currently i'm doing my masters in california so okay so be

very welcome uh and we also have as i had already pointed out that we have a Professor aurora sanchez uh from chile we also well we have professor daily uh that's if uh from from uh the university of sao paulo we have professor indira guzman who's who's the president of our latin america and caribbean chapter of information systems so they're sort of disposers of what we're doing here in the sense that uh the latin american caribbean association for information systems uh is a well this group of researchers from latin america that Think that we should

discuss information systems in a way that we include latin america in the agenda of uh research so thank you very much indira for for being there with with us uh today uh also uh and of course we have a professor antonio castillo from from peru notice that we have more professors here than students uh today uh and this is a good thing because this shows uh that you will have over our encounters here the meetings that we have you have the Opportunity to share with uh with a lot of experienced people here experienced in the

way that we we have been rejected and rejected uh talking about papers now we have been rejected for longer than the new right uh we get our papers rejected the same way as uh those of you who are either master students or doctoral students also submit your paper and get sometimes papers rejected by those gatekeepers as i was telling You the first gatekeeper is usually in a in a journal it's usually the editor the editor reads your paper and says should this be sent to reviewers or should i say no we are not interested in

your paper at least not at the stage where it is well this is exactly what happened to this paper of mine when it was submitted to a a journal uh somewhere last year It was the gatekeeper the first gatekeeper the editor said uh well he actually liked some of the the what was there but he suggested a lot of uh changes that i s let's say i sat on them for at least uh almost a year now i'm still thinking if if we want to go that way uh or if we want to have it

published Elsewhere which would mean let's choose another journal or still if this is only a material that i will use to show that it's tough to publish um uh essays right uh in fact the the story about this paper uh is that it was usually it was originally a paper that was an invited paper to revista de mistras on imprezas which is a let's say it's the the probably the the best journal in In business uh in well an academic paper in business in brazil right so it was an invited paper an invited paper is

something that we should all or we could all dream about because an invited paper is going to be published right the the editor invites someone and says i want you to write a paper uh for us right was the editor of uh hai invited me and professor uh el zabo scornavaca who's the other author of the Paper uh and and they said well if you write we will publish what happened well this invitation uh to us uh occurred in the first semester of 2020 the beginning of the pandemic well we were all with our lives

upside down right a lot of other challenges in addition to simply writing a paper but of course originally when when when the editor asked that we were older than we said sure we will do it Except that the the editor expected us to write that in three months and it took us one year when we finished in half 2021 we were embarrassed to send it to to revise the enemies we never sent it to there right and we decided maybe we should now try and send this as a regular paper submitted to a to Journal

where there is competition right so again as an invited paper it would have been published which means essays are very good when they are invited except that how often do people invite us to write a paper uh and and now i'm asking to the most experienced professors here uh how often aurora or indira how often have you been In my case it was the only time that uh that i was invited to write a paper you know i felt really honored but it was the only time in life i don't know if you if you

had that experience also but it's it's a difficult thing you know it's because it goes against the uh right right they're saying that she she she did not have audio before so she but anyway uh so i i don't know if you had that In experience conference and i got a prize you know the best paper of the conference but they invited me to play to publish the paper uh if we do not but i have to change it almost 70 and you know it happened the same that you you know i was trying to

fix the paper and i was trying to fix the paper and it took so long that i was not able to send it because it was delayed and i think this is an impression a problem that we have at the professors we never Find it right you just never never enough you know when you swim that is invited well you know it's one thing that is important we have to be i think we have to be the first uh uh gatekeepers of our own publications right we shouldn't publish something simply because and unfortunately that happens

a lot these days there's a lot of pressure for for research for for for phd students or master students to Send their papers to conferences and to journals to get published i mean we should try to get published when we do think that we have some uh something to report right not simply because we want numbers otherwise we get to a situation where we are all counting numbers of published papers and we don't even know what we're we're talking about in our papers uh so uh we we should be the first ones To to be

critical about our own work and what are you saying there is that well and that usually happens when you send your paper to a conference usually conferences accept papers that are still in the process of ideas that are still the process of being developed because the authors want to publish a final version of the paper in a journal a journal is called a permanent at least a more permanent uh let's say Publication outlet than a conference we go to the conference because we want to share what we are the research that we are doing with

uh other uh researchers with other students of the the same topic uh sometimes we even want to find other people that are dealing with the same sort of topic so that we can work together on on on you know new projects so going to conferences has a lot to do with Networking with people and figuring out other people that are studying topics that are similar to what we are studying and we call the publication in conferences usually as a let's say a a step towards having it published in a journal afterwards many times we skip

that step and we decide that we want to go straight to the to the journal publication uh sometimes we're lucky like uh well lucky and competent like aurora when she had uh when she wins a Prize uh for a paper in the conference and then of course puts a spotlight on the paper and editors will invite and say well write uh the final version of this paper to our to our uh journal in that case it was probably not an essay right it was already some research some research uh paper that also had some empirical

work related to it uh was that right all right but you went to the field i mean you you Had some practical uh experience in the field to try and confirm a theory or something exactly yeah those are the kinds of uh work that we will be emphasizing uh in in our next sessions uh what we call theoretical empirical work you have you you you review some literature that that makes you think of some problems that still have not have still not been solved by other Researchers and then you think of a way of solving

a specific problem you go to to the field in the sense that you you do some practical work uh you collect data you analyze data you confront the data that you you got from your research with uh the theory that was available before and then you get to results that that are theoretical empirical in the sense that you are confronting previously existing theory with uh with data that you got from what we call from The field from your your from going to you know where from collecting data uh yourself uh those theoretical empirical uh uh

research uh projects they are they're much easier to publish than an essay because uh i think even if i mean even if you're if you're dealing with a research topic that has a very let's say a very prominent uh Researcher in the world has already developed most of that theory and then you go there and you try to check uh empirically in the field if those ideas of this other researcher if they work in your specific situation that will generate a paper that will interest even this prominent uh researcher because of course he or she

will be eager to know if uh his or her ideas uh Fit other situations than those where the study had been originally developed so i can assure you that if you have a well done theoretical empirical work it will cause the attention of many other researchers even those who are the specialists in the field because they will want to read your paper to sort of uh gouge or or or or to better understand they won't work and to make sure that their own work is Is valid valid in the in the situations that you were

studying so notice it's very easy to make a theoretical empirical paper relevant relevant uh and publishable in a conference or in a or in a journal what about coming back to the essay what about my essay here with professor uh well we are both sort of seniors uh Or seasoned uh researchers in in our field in in latin america professor scornavaca has a a career in the united states so i would say that he's even more what i should call mainstream than we are we we people that develop our research in in latin american countries

we we are restricted by some of the constraints of our own uh environment right uh so let's say I don't want to discourage anyone who's doing research in our countries here but it's it's always tougher uh uh than uh than for people who are doing research in the united states uh or in north america in general uh or in in europe uh for several reasons um one of them some people have been talking about uh these days and in fact i am also feeling like i should study that a little bit that's something that bothers

Me uh the fact that when we are let's say when we choose an object to study but it's not i'm not talking about the objective of our study the object and the object is let's say uh an organization or a set of organizations in latin american countries that tends to be seen by the the overall uh community of researchers in the world as well they will be doing something that they will try to to see if If more general theories fit their local situations right it's interesting because when someone does a study with north american

companies that is already considered to be the general the overall the general situation right i once uh did a study with companies from california nobody questioned my study as being local or localized or maybe only relevant to California but if i do a study on companies from the south of brazil i'm sure that that's the first thing the the gatekeepers let's say again the the the if if i'm talking about a journal the the the the editors or even the reviewers are going to question they're going to say how can you assure you that that

situation the object of your study Leads to conclusions that can be generalized to a broader audience you see again it may be just our feeling and or the feeling of latin american uh researchers but we do have we do feel that we have that kind of problem uh uh which shouldn't be i mean shouldn't be a reason for us to complain uh it should be only a reason for us to be stronger in in our studies in in developing research that Others will also consider as being relevant uh relevant uh research but notice again i'm

talking about theoretical empirical research when we get to essay writing and again let's think about the the gatekeepers those that are there to prevent bad research from being published or to make sure that only good research is Being published and who when they when they see some some essay they say well who's writing this what is the the authority of the authors here uh to to write up to write this and and that's my main point with respect to essay writing essays are read and interest people if they know who wrote it for example if

we had Uh professor every mclean uh aurora has had the pleasure of uh interviewing him a few times for our la kai's tube channel right by the way we do have a if you look at youtube you will see that there is this like ice tube uh what we call a channel uh where we try to um you know to discuss information systems either from the latin americans Perspective or at least we latin americans interviewing and interacting with uh with our colleagues from from other parts of the world so every mclean was one of our

um first uh researchers in the field of information systems let's say he's one of the founders of the information systems field as a research field He started developing research and information systems in the 60s and 70s he's too active he's 80 something but he's still very active if he says if he tells us that he he right he has just written an essay on a specific topic we will probably all be very interested in reading because it's the perspective of someone who has followed all the major uh development developments in Information systems for five or

six decades right we may not even agree with his uh perspective or his points of view but we want to understand we want to have that perspective because we think it's an informed perspective it's informed by the history of the field right now think of if for example i know well uh Who's well katja just kacho who's a master student right uh in in a good school in california and has a good advisor if i i understand that she's jose pineda's student right catcher uh yeah exactly okay and think that katja is going to decide

to write an essay and have it published in in one of our good journals in the fields people will say well who's this person And then akacha may be really upset say come on why do you invite every mclean to write an essay and if i write an essay people will be questioning what is why why do why do we think that kacha has something to tell us about in the future she's just you know she's just some someone who's starting to study it uh well uh i i think that this may may sound unfair

that every mclean will have A better chance of having an essay published but uh but it's it's it well i don't know it's a it's a debate uh but he will be invited and people will read what he writes because he's the author uh if one of us writes an essay people will be questioning uh what is the you know What is the authority not notice an author it always has authority right author authority have the same rules and the author is the one who who offers something because uh that person has some authority over

that content but what is the authority of one of us who who's not considered uh in the field as as being someone who should who we definitely should be should pay attention because we are who we are What is our chances of being published as an essay writer i would say it's close to zero right and it's close to zero because our the gatekeepers uh will uh first look at the paper well we have gatekeepers that know who's who the writers are the editors in general when an editor receives a paper they receive the paper

and they know the the the name of the The author at least the name of the author right so the the editor may uh may know who's writing uh uh and uh but definitely reviewers don't right because when the editor receives a paper and if that paper is sent to others to review uh those who receive the paper to review have no idea of who the author is in fact i had a colleague here in in brazil uh fabio viseo uh some of surely the brazilians well some of the brazilians may know him uh Fabio

vizio is uh and he's done some work in uh in in using history as a method to study um well to study different phenomena in in in business not not he's not an information systems researcher but he's one of those guys who introduced uh his history and his story his i don't know how to say that in english historicity uh as a way of understanding phenomena including an information system so he Does have some minor work in information systems uh when he is trying to introduce that method of using history to interpret a phenomenon and

and one day he wrote and it wasn't it wasn't even an essay in that case he wrote a paper uh where he was using historicity as the methods to you know to develop his it was a theoretical empirical work uh Well he didn't he didn't uh refer to any work by fabio because he thought that that would be let's say self-quoting and unnecessary so he quoted other authors in his work and then he he received a the reviews back and the two reviewers said that it was impossible to accept a paper in that matter uh

if you know in in in in in this Brazilian journal if the main authority in the fields fabio vizio had not been quoted they thought how can you discuss this topic without quoting this guy his paper was rejected right because he had not quoted himself of course the reviewers did not know that that vizio was the writer of that paper they simply found it inadmissible that in in the the review of the in the Theoretical part of the paper that he had not made any reference to an author that was the let's say the the

main author in in that specific uh field uh so think that that that happens even with uh uh with theoretical empirical work where i mean people should be interested in in assessing the the quality of the the empirical analysis to help understand a specific phenomenon and and even that case This guy got a paper rejected simply because he had not quoted him or cited himself right uh so if that happens even in theoretical empirical work think of essays that are only theoretical papers right essays when you write an essay you don't go to the the

field to collect data there's no data collection right in in asset writing or at least no data collection if you think of data uh You know as something that you i mean you go to the you you you go out of your office and and you either interview people uh uh develop a survey by the way next week we'll have uh this uh talk by professor professor guillermo rodriguez uh where he will be discussing uh recorded contemporary investigation Models but it's actually contemporary investigation techniques or uh in in that we use in information systems and

you will see there are many qualitative and other quantitative methodologies that we can use to develop our theoretical empirical research right uh so uh when we're writing an essay we don't use any specific model for For collecting data because all the data that we use in a in a in an essay is data that is already well uh i shouldn't say that is already in our minds because uh for for those of you who read the the paper i refer to today uh the sorry that i just have to go back here to to the

screen and uh for those of you who who read the paper that's granavaca And i uh wrote you will see that it's not something that comes up uh comes out of our minds right well we decided to write about something that we thought of it's basically as a writing or promise or at least a scientific or a academic essay writing involves developing your argumentation developing your your the claims that you have in your in your paper based on ideas that uh the community will accept So even when we're writing an essay we still rely on

the ideas of others remember in science in general and in any research at least in research that has been done over the last 300 years or so we all base we all rely on that same principle that i've already said here that newton used in developing his uh research uh we we climb on the shoulders of giants right In the sense that we and the giants are simply other researchers that have done research before us that we can use to support our own ideas right so in essay writing and you'll see in the in the

the paper that we we wrote here uh you will see that uh there's there's going to be a lot of references let me see if i get to the end of the paper here where i have Those references see see we have a lot of essay writing doesn't mean that we are doing something out of our minds we we still use the ideas and the the arguments of others who have already been accepted in the field either because they wrote their own essays that were also grounded on on on previously existing theory or because They

wrote theoretical empirical work right and we use those references to support the arguments that we have but notice we we it's not out of our our uh mind it's it's something that we we we write based on the ideas of many others in this paper i did some we did something that was uh probably also or would be riskier uh if it was not our intent we tried to focus on Uh sorry on references from the 20th century we tried not to use as much as we could uh references that were up to date let's

say the the the newest references in the field uh so you'll see here that we have algebra 2001 well azim what was him off here is is more like it's it it's not it's we're more referencing uh uh that this is this is not so scientific this Quotation here but 76 uh well then we have bus reveal here 2020 because this is a paper that we are sort of uh uh doing a dialogue with but all of the others here you'll see 93 97 and you'll see that most of the the the references here uh

are references that um that um say that that refer to the 1980s and 1990s right when i say that this is risky the game is because and i don't know if you have already experienced that for those of you who have already submitted papers to conferences or to or to journals there's always that easy let's say the easy assessment by uh a reviewer saying well the the references are not up to date right let's say a a lazy reviewer could Instead of reading your paper and reflecting about it they could just go to your references

first and say well all the references here are owed so this is definitely a paper it seems that this guy either wrote this 20 years ago and is trying to and still trying to publish uh or the the the reviewer may get to some conclusions based on on the dates of our references and this is probably why many many uh many of us professors will tell Our students try to keep your references up to date because uh if you do that you're avoiding gatekeepers to disregard your work immediately but of course in this case why

did we keep uh old references here what do you think was the reason to have references that referred mainly to the 1980s and 1990s i won't take a guess maybe because it was the beginning of the study and Everyone refer to them as the initial phase of this study thank you donna yeah precisely that and in fact uh we have to understand we have two reasons for having chosen this paper for today's uh meeting the first one is we're talking about writing an essay so that you forget about essays for for the next 20 years

right when at least for the younger ones of uh you there uh forget about asses for 20 years i mean it took me 25 years or or or more of Research and information systems before i was invited to write an essay and i missed the opportunity right so i may not even be able to publish this this essay simply because if i send it through the traditional uh traditional uh channels like like we did to to to to a journal recently it would be rejected so i i i almost consider that the only chance this

paper still has is if we If we send it to uh javista um means the the brazilian uh uh journal again that invited us two years two and a half years ago when we say look it took us two years or two and a half years to figure out what we wanted to write and if you're still interested uh publish it that's that's a possibility in fact we haven't this uh we haven't disregarded this possibility uh yet but that's possibly the The only way of uh having a paper like this published otherwise if we keep

sending it to to journals where the editors don't know us if the editors know us and think wow okay i want to publish because it was written by ozabio and alexandria then we may have a chance but but we depend on that right and it was not an invited paper so uh if it goes to reviewers chances are that the review reviewers will say well there is A an interesting argumentation here the authors are able to let's say to put their their their own authors to talk to one another but uh we don't know if

there is any anything uh that is especially interesting about this paper that that that would um would justify its publication right so one of the reasons of today's class is is for you to understand that essays are not An alternative unless i mean unless you're writing an essay to the journal of your own university and uh but then it's i don't know it's a it's not what we want here right we want to to try and have an impact somewhere else than just to our uh local students um but at the same time we we

chose this paper because it's a paper in which we we also we discuss a lot of the the literature that was used to inform The research that we are doing these days in information systems so for example when when uh uh again when when my when let me see when baskerville and myers wrote their very interesting paper on digital first digital first in the sentences they they were claiming and in fact it's this was actually the paper that uh inspired us to to write our our own paper our paper was sort of a at Least

originally we intended it to be a almost like a response to baskerville uh uh meyers and others uh and um but but this uh this paper here is uh uh a paper that that claims that we finally uh in 20 well in the middle of the pandemic here that we were in a situation where the the digital finally came first where organizations were starting to think of technology in a way of doing different things and not using technology to do more of The same right that's sort of the claim of the digital first right i

first create something in let's say in in the virtual world and that then that will affect what happens in the in the real world if we still can make a difference between those two words that that was sort of their argument and what we claim in in in the paper is that well you know we've been doing the digital has been flustered at least in the minds Of uh the researchers in information systems at least since the 90s because back there back then we were already thinking of using technology to do different things and not

necessarily to simply automate and to repeat what have been done using more traditional methods beforehand so uh again uh we'll use our our class of today our discussion of today here to first show That writing essays may be easy to write but difficult to publish and at the same time to to well to use some of the authors that were mentioned here to provide you with some sort of agenda uh of uh of uh studies that we can do notice that we are sort of repeating in that sense we're sort of repeating what we what

i had already promised to do in in the previous uh topic here when we were discussing what are or should be our Main research questions all those authors that since the 80s and 90s were proposing that we we did the digital first we're already showing us some uh agenda for discussion of our field uh some relevant topics we are here in this stage of course uh these research seminars one of our main main purposes is that is that by the end of the year everyone has a draft of a paper at least That you consider

sending to uh amsys in panama next year right uh i'm since this is one of our main major conferences in information systems or to isla the the information systems in latin america conference that is an online conference that will happen alongside with with amsas uh in in august next year so our uh we have this plan here that we want all of uh all of you who are interested in writing a paper in information systems To be able to write a paper uh for next year it's not going to be an essay hopefully because chances

of writing an essay essay and having it rejected by the gatekeepers is large but it could be a paper that that somewhat relates to some of the concerns that we raise here in this uh uh this paper as being important uh topics for for for our research uh agenda in Information systems right by the way if you if you think some of the ideas more to the the end of the of the of the essay claim that uh we should even think of pushing our agenda further and instead of only looking at organizations as being

the the users of of well of information technology and at The same time the users of the research that we generate we could we couldn't we definitely have to start thinking of society as being also an entity that will benefit from from research that we do if we don't focus our research necessarily and only in organizations if we start thinking that after we all uh have a Let's say mobile phone in our pockets after we all decided to carry a computer wherever we go computers became an important part of life of humans and not only

of organizations so therefore information systems may be relevant in the future also to study the ways in which these technologies that we carry in our pocket or even more often in our hands most of the time i think about 10 years ago the the The cell phone was in the pocket right most of the time uh now it's most of the time it's probably in your hands it became an extension of our body uh and it became part of the way we we live and therefore uh it's part of the this agenda so again two

objectives with with uh with our class of today uh discuss further what we were already discussing in in topic two here and already uh Uh preparing us for what we will be doing well next next week as i said we will be uh we'll have professor glammy uh rodriguez here to talk about some of the methods that we can use again it's very important that when we think uh of research we think of an objective what we want to do but then we have to think how will we accomplish that uh that objective how will

we'll be able to solve uh the specific problem that we we defined for for for our research and And and that how usually it will involve uh uh a a model or a a methodology uh and and after we do this we'll go back again in in one week after that when we discuss our topic five uh we'll go back to the some of the discussions that we're doing today that we did before talk about the objective again uh of our objectives and and we'll have uh professor george maracas and professor fred niedermann to To

professors that are very involved with the with information systems research these days in the united states to provide us with their perspective of what what the signal works for information systems are and therefore yeah helping us decide on good interesting topics for our research so we'll be shifting from objective from Now from now uh uh from now on shifting from the objective of our research what interests this field of information systems to the methods that can be used to to to study that right um well uh sorry i'm i'm talking more than i then i

i wish i wanted you to uh i wanted to use you also as in this reflection about uh the topic of um of today i wish i could have some of your impressions Uh about uh the ideas in in the paper and and still the structure let's although we're not going to write essays it's important that we see that an essay also has a structure as i told you i'm i am and i think we have to be chaotic sometimes with our ideas but then we have to go back to uh a structure that allows

people to understand our research or to understand Our arguments in the case of uh an essay to understand our arguments we are we're actually trying to convince people about an idea and what are the tools that we use uh for for that how do we well and the tools involve uh a a structure uh so maybe uh i'll go back to the the paper uh and uh And i would like to know from you what do you think that our objective was by the way uh you will see here we have an abstract that is

probably a little different to again to the abstract that you would see in a theoretical empirical work in a theoretical empirical work you will have an abstract we'll discuss that in more detail later but the abstract will always tell you what you're doing right what the Objective is what the methodology that you're using is how did you how do you attack that problem how do you solve that problem and uh and maybe uh the main results that you get right if i wanted you to analyze this abstract here it will not have for example it

doesn't mention uh methodology because what is the methodology in an essay i mean the methodology that we tried to Use here was to uh provide you with uh informed uh informed debates among uh authors and ourselves in in providing you with our reasoning but uh that kind of methods of you know just you know it's not it's not a very structured it's also usually don't even in an essay you don't write what your method was but if this was a A let's say a theoretical empirical paper you would have to see here in the in

the abstracts you would have to see the methodology if you didn't see the methodology here that would be a good reason for you skip this paper not even read it because you will probably waste your time in a paper that would be discussing uh that the martians are green but not giving you any uh reasonable methods to Get to the same conclusion it's just someone's gas or someone's crazy idea right um so we'll not focus so much uh in the answer although does the abstract already give us a hint about the objective of the paper

looking at that can you let me see if i can put this a bit to the side here so that or if not from the abstract What was your idea for those of you who had the opportunity of reading the paper what was what what was our intent what was our objective with this paper evolution and computing okay the digital transformation uh uh evolution you think uh-huh well it's definitely well the paper is is about discussing the digital transformation right and by the way digital transformation is a term that at least i a term that

i i only started Listening in the 2015s or so a little bit before some years before the pandemic and it seemed already like a it could turn into a buzzword uh and it definitely turned into buzzwords during the pandemic right that everyone started talking about digital transformation like crazy uh although it doesn't seem to be very different to what we already did in the night trisha were you Teacher yep speak slowly if you're going to speak in portuguese speak slowly because half of our audience there speaks spanish right again i have to i have to

sort of translate you uh patricia because i remember that there are people that don't speak uh uh at least katja i think that she doesn't speak portuguese or spanish right uh gacha i don't know okay all right uh i usually i tell students here that if They wish to to express their or to or to participate in portuguese or spanish they they are allowed to because we want to get people involved but at the same time we have to to do some uh some translation uh then so yeah so patricia is telling us about the

opportunity to reflect about some of these uh uh things that happened uh over the the last uh few years of the of the previous uh century uh that are now uh That we that when we refer to digital transformation these days it seems to be exactly the same thing it was just that we didn't call it digital transformation back then all right go on patricia some of the authors that i i really recommend you to read uh baskerville and and and myers paper uh of 2020 uh where they talk about what they call the ontological

reverse right uh the term that what we are all in academia we like uh beautiful or fancy Uh terms right ontological reverses a mind shift in fact a uh and and and and those authors claim that there's a mind shift in in organizations that allows companies to perceive uh ict information communication technology these days as something that potentially allows companies to do things in the virtual worlds that were impossible in the the physical world or or That we could do at least we could do in the digital first we could first do there and then

after those things are done in the digital world uh they will reflect on the real world again as if there is any difference between this if there is if there is any clear boundary between what is digital and what is uh well what isn't uh these days right uh and uh But but patricia you know uh what what maybe this this uh concept of the ontology ontological reverse uh claiming that the digital happens before the you know the transformation the more physical transformation uh it it is uh let's say it's it's catchy it it it

makes sense but at the same time i said what is the difference between what we usually what we call these days digital Transformation and uh what some authors like uh and let me go to the references there because i'm looking for henderson and ben catreman's term what they use let me see and gun uh notice that henderson and katrin thought of uh what they were discussing strategic alignment and they were thinking of ways in which Information technology could transform organizations and when we read those papers and this is a 1999 paper and there is another

one i think by probably by van catron and henderson down here maybe see here in 94 they called it i.t enabled business transformation and and i dare someone to to to say that what they were discussing back then the it enabled business transformation Was any different to the ontological reverse of the 2020s i i think it's the same because what they were claiming what these authors were saying the catherman in 94 and then henderson and then caterpillar in in 1999 what they were saying was look stop looking at technology as a way of doing the

same thing you can use technology to do different things well when you're doing different things Using technology that means you're doing something that was not done before so uh the digital first was already happening back then right so this exactly it's it's a different paradigm right and and and that's exactly their claim right they claim that it's just that when i read their paper i had the feeling that They were dealing with it almost if it was a a switch that you shift you know one day there is this in light and there's there's this

you you you have this uh how do you call it a uh an insight and from now on you'll decide whoa the digital all comes first and i said this is this is not uh something that happens uh uh instantaneously this is something that Has been happening for over uh 25 years except that uh maybe it's not happening it was not happening everywhere and in many cases the pandemic made it happen as if it were a switch that was turned on for many companies you know the companies that were had had been blind to to

the to the way uh information and communication technologies could uh Change them uh those companies suddenly had no alternative and then for those companies it was a switch for for other companies that since the 90s were were already more let's say focused in in the digital first idea although the term had not been quite yet uh they were they were already doing that i mean didn't that digital come first for google or for facebook or for all those companies yeah go Uh in academia we have been looking at reading those papers from the ground and

hinduism for a long time and we were aware of these transformations that they have companies are you know going through but i think that the the what you say is right that pandemia accelerated the process but it made it visible for the rest of the people not just in our field because it was before in our field we were talking about this teaching that was very important but People could not look at it and companies i mean medium and little companies and and the rest of them cannot grasp the concept clearly and they have to

suffer this process enable in order to to grasp the concept and understand the strategic transformation and i think this is a great one and i'd like to thank her a lot i'm ready you are gonna say and i really think this is very enlightening Because you can see very issues that are very raven for today i think that you should publish it you know you know those papers that we chose from the the 80s and 90s maybe maybe the 90s are not papers that that were written by visionaires you know people that were ahead of

their time it was uh maybe it was definitely papers written by by people that were not so committed to the strategies of the organizations of that Time so they yes and that's what what happens with with researchers right we can observe what happens in the world and we can we can talk about what we see uh in in a much freer way than definitely the the owner of a company does right uh when i'm talking to my undergrads many times they say well can companies change their their strategies i usually tell them yes they can

but it's very difficult think of for example Of kodak that was a company that had the monopoly of photography for over 100 years they were ahead of the developments in in digital photography uh but they were had in the sense that being a photography company they knew that they had to be studying all the possible let's say deviations from their their their main business kodak was blinded to the the advances in digital Photography although it was one it was researching it uh and it was one of the pioneers in digital uh photography simply because that

went against its main business so it's very difficult for any organization to start a new strategy from scratch simply because the well simply because the world has changed it's not simply because of that but it's difficult for them to do it because usually changing their strategy means leveling the grounds and and starting Over from the same level where the competitors are which used to be much lower at a much lower stand and and now the company will so companies don't do that it's very difficult for them to adjust or to to to to change their

their strategy and this is the reason why digital transformation only happened uh in many organizations during the pandemic right uh it was a situation where all that the companies had done right or Wrong before didn't work any longer so they had to try something different and uh many times we say that and you'll see that a a lot in information systems research that sometimes for things to change in organizations a generation of managers have to retire or die right uh well hopefully uh they didn't have to retire And hopefully covet they didn't die of kobe

uh either but well silly joke here but uh what i'm saying is that the pandemic came in a situation where uh companies had to change radically even if that was not what they would have done uh otherwise so the digital transformation happened 25 years later for many of those organizations simply because they had no alternative but it doesn't mean That you know at least that's my perception it doesn't mean that it was a an ontology reverse there that ontology reverse was already happening much before uh and if it was not happening uh in the strat

uh in the strategy of the organizations it was happening with the customers customers were already being supported By other companies that were able to do the digital first and companies that were not doing it were slowly lagging behind but many times what was happening to them was the same that happened to kodak it slowly went out of business it wasn't you know from from evening to morning right uh it was something that happened over uh a decade Or so it's almost like that boiling frog uh concept of you know when people say that you feel

if if if frog is inside a pan and you start hitting the water inside of the pen the frog will not uh jump out of the pan simply because things happen too slowly and the frog will end up cooking there i i hope no one tries that experiment it seems a little well very mean uh and Additionally in addition to that it may not even work maybe the frog will jump out but it's a good example at least of how we we can get we can be so stuck to to to a situation that it's

difficult to to to change uh to change it um all right um so uh i want to go back a little bit to the to the idea of the structure of an essay again maybe you're you're saying you're you're You are kicking uh uh in portuguese we have uh the saying you're kicking a a sick dog or that you're saying well you already told us not to write an essay and now you're talking about the structure of an essay we can still talk a little bit about the structure of an essay because even being chaotic

the way i i claim that i am you'll see that the paper has an Introduction and then the paper will have a development and then the paper will have a conclusion right that's something that any academic paper should have right an introduction where you present uh what we usually do in in the introduction of any work what is important to have in the introduction What do you think and and one of the things that i found very useful to me to write better papers over my career was to look at papers that i liked and

check the structure that the authors used there it would be much i cannot assure you that it's going to be much use much more useful for theoretical empirical papers than for an essay but It also works for right look for the structure and say i will mimic of course i i'll be discussing different topics because each one of us is interested in a different research agenda or at least a different research topic but how how do i how do i you know structure my paper in a way that it makes sense for the the the

Reader one one of the things that we always do in an introduction regardless of the type of work is we have to provide context try to attract the the reader uh uh fluffy i think you have your mic on all right thank you uh we have to provide the reader with context why is context important context provides relevance right people Will only think that the topic that you're discussing is uh is important is relevant if you show them why you think that that's important right so maybe you can reread this paper later or or read

any academic paper and check if in the introduction of the paper the author tries to provide the reader with some context of that research Uh in in this uh provision of context we may try to just justify the the work why is this important right sometimes uh depending on the the type of research you may even provide the reader with some personal motivation we usually don't do that in in at least in business and i i think in computer in in computer science applied computing that's not very typical because we're still very positivistic in our

research Right we we tend to think in these areas that and i've seen most of us and i think there is a lot of room there for challenging that recipe the cake recipe let's say if you do some more fundamental phenomenological research if you if you get involved with research that is more qualitative in a sense maybe you can you can skip that but in general we still try to write in The in the third person sorry not in the third person in a without let's say we put ourselves as if we were a fly

on the wall and that we are examining a situation without being involved because we tend to think that if we get involved we are already changing the phenomenon right that's being uh that's all a way of thinking that that we inherited from uh positivism But it's still very prevalent in research in information systems and uh and i would say although i am chaotic and i want to challenge many things many times i only challenge things when i think that there's a good reason to challenge uh and and and then i will be effective in challenging

i mean if i think that i'll be defeated directly simply because the the gatekeepers are going to say come on This you're you're writing what you're writing there is not the report of a a scientific paper what you're writing there is your own um let's say impressions about it and your impressions are your impressions they are not something that could be replicated could be uh i mean if it's something that only involves your way of looking at or your way of seeing Seeing a phenomenon how would that be a reasonable result to be shared with

others if others will not perceive it as as you know as the right way of doing things so in general when we try to avoid being personal we're doing that because we're trying to say i did this exactly the same way as any other researcher would be expected to do it in fact i did it in a way that nobody Can claim that the results were obtained or the the the obtained results are the results that alexander would obtain but not necessarily the results that aurora or daeli or any of other among this group here

would obtain right it in general we have this we want we want our research to be generalizable even when we are studying a case even if we're doing a case study a study of just one single case What by the way we'll have plenty of opportunity to discuss that in the future but what is a good case uh for you in in my opinion a good case is a case that destroys a previous existing theory right it's that case that shows the world that there is a black swan uh that black swans exist when everyone

thinks that all swans are white you simply have to show there is look i Found a black one one case is enough to destroy a theory uh but what is the what what would be the interest of an academic community for a study that shows yes i found another white swan in the lake people are going to say so what all those ones are are white right so finding another one doesn't so in general case studies are very good to Either deal with exceptions or to show that whatever theory we had before was not uh

generalizable but what we want to do in any of those cases is always to generate new theory that is generalizable when we show that there was a a black swan in the lake we basically developed a new theory that is generalizable that not all swans are white Okay uh so notice that even when we we we use a and it's very typical of uh positivistic research uh saying look my results uh or or the results that i obtained here are not conclusive because i do not have statistical uh well the the statistical power of my

experiments or or of my research is uh doesn't allow me to conclude Well if you don't have if you're if you're developing some theory that would rely on statistical evidence and you don't have the statistical evidence i would say if i were the gatekeeper i would say so why are you reporting this if you don't have any conclusions why are you why are you reporting we always have to have our our work has to have conclusions and those conclusions should be something that adds to the knowledge That we had uh before right well i don't

know if i sort of went out of uh what we were discussing here that this when we when we were discussing the structure here i have to provide in an introduction i have to provide context so if any of you uh uh wants to read this over again check if what i did here in the session that i i called introduction if that's what i did because that's what I should have done right i should have gotten your interest in the paper by providing you with reasons to think that you should read beyond the introduction

otherwise you would stop there okay well then then things after the introduction things get a little more messed up in the sense that my computer now is slow i hope it doesn't but i want to see the next essentials Over here i chose not to to write the next session as calling it although i called the first one introduction i didn't call now development right uh it would be too too framed in a box uh but uh i uh but what i'm doing from now on is already well developing the case the case is not

a good word here because I don't want you to mix it up with the case methodology but i'm developing my argumentation here what i want to do with this paper is to show that uh the strategic use of ig that was proposed by researchers at least since the late 80s and and early 90s That this strategic strategic strategic idea was already the concept of of digital first okay so my intention with the paper if i had an objective was to say digital first has been there for 25 years at least right and here i start

to show it uh so notice that in the development stages of the paper uh where i'm including the argument that will allow me to get to that conclusion That i wanted to reach and that i wanted to convey to my readers right it's not uh the importance of i.t different for example to watch uh nicolas carr could see there that it doesn't matter paper of 2003 i think uh the the the relevance of it is not the as an infrastructure tool right of course If we don't have reliable infrastructure we cannot build any strategy on

top of that based on information technology but the idea that that causes the digital transformation or the or or or that allows for the digital first is the strategic id not the infrastructure idea so i had to make a difference between these two things this is what i'm doing in the development here right i'm saying i i should say we because of Course it was a paper paper written uh by two people right but as joseph is not here with us today i am assuming uh full responsibility for this uh then there's another problem uh

with uh the that i that we think that is important to understand the digital first thing is it is a mind shift uh i think uh this is what uh patricia called uh a paradigm shift You know the uh thomas kuhn he never liked that we used the the word paradigm for other sciences that not the hard sciences right here so he being a a physics guy originally uh he thought well i'm not talking about sociology here i'm not talking about business so don't use the word paradigm in in those situations uh again i try

to be chaotic in some of The the research that i do and the teaching and whatever but at the same time i don't want to to get into fights uh mainly when i have to fight against thomas kuhn right so if kung to tell us that his theory uh he doesn't he he doesn't see his theory as being reasonable to be used in in other areas that not the hard sciences i simply avoid using the term paradigm i I'm not sure if if i was able to completely avoid it let me see here but see

i'm i'm looking for for the word parent oh well see uh no but it's i'm looking for the word paradigm in the text uh and notice that tap squad and well tap squad decided that he could use paradigm shift there but that tap's got to gain his steps quite uh so these guys if that's what wants to To have an argument with thomas kuhn uh he can do that but notice i didn't use the the term paradigm shift here in the paper simply because i did not want to get into that kind of uh situation

in which someone was going to tell me why are you using paradigm as uh considering that the author of the the the guy who claimed the term didn't uh didn't think that it was suitable to other areas than the hard sciences uh But anyway let me just see here okay so uh and then uh and then we uh so so so the mindset structures and transformation is another topic here simply because i had to talk about i mean again to to provide you with with the ideas that i wish you had so that i could

convince you that the digital first uh was Not a recent phenomenon and that the digital transformation although the term only appeared more recently was something that has happened for a much longer time i had now to talk about mindsets structures and transformation still the development of of the argumentation right if we were talking about a theoretical empirical paper these developments would happen When i started to confront my my data with the ideas the ideas that i had from the the previous literature review for example uh and then i i get to well where we come

from where we came from discussing those ideas from the From the the 90s and then i think there's another session that is where we're going to you know where where do we where are the next steps and why i and this is again a place where i have some disagreement with uh myers yeah well baskerville and myers because basketry in their paper it's it's a great paper but it's it's really a much better paper because it hasn't even been rejected Right it has been accepted and in fact it has been accepted to be published in

a still much stronger journal than the the journal where we tried to submit this paper right but one of the things that's uh again i i thought that that paper seemed a little short was that uh when they were discussing the the digital happening first they were again very they seemed very Enthusiastic about the possibilities of where we could go with uh with the digital first so they were let's say uh they they they had the same uh kind of attitude or should say maybe behavior with respect to this possibility of the digital coming first

that our society has with respect to our technologies we're always amused by by our new technologies we we are enthusiastic About our new technologies and we have uh uh that is that's that's again as the writer here that's my my belief that we have this tendency to believe that whatever technology we have will lead us to a better world right it seems that well technology can only come for our good uh and uh the more technology the the easiest our lives will be or the happiest our lives will be or whatever And i felt that

uh uh baskerville and and meyer should have explored this further because it's clear now in the let's say the 2020s it's clear that technology shouldn't be considered simply as the the panacea the the the remedy to all our problems right uh it may help us solve some of our problems but it is just as well the generator of many other problems and uh we seem to think that that's not a problem because new Technologies will show up in the future almost as for a miracle for a miracle that will help us solve the problems that

the the the current technologies eventually uh cause and and this is why i when i show where we are going i try to include a more critical view and i included here some some authors that are not necessarily information systems authors for example like uh Postman neopostma where is you can't find it here uh well and even some of the some authors in information systems like orlikowski for example who has a very uh a socio-technical perspective of of information systems that challenge a bit this enthusiasm that we usually have with technology i just thought that

their paper was a little naive in the sense that they were saying look now It's all digital first and this is all good and this is how i came up with that uh closing of the paper in which i end up referring to azimov and to asimov's let's say robot rules uh then i'm not even sure if our robots will respect in the future right i i don't think that's or at least i'm not sure if we are serious enough In our coding our computers or coding our robots with these rules that azimov thought that

would be important to protect us protect humans against our own let's say creation our robots or our technology of the future so we're getting very far very fast into i know artificial intelligence machine Learning uh and we are allowing machines to learn by themselves by means of uh rules that we did not quote right or we simply told them learn the way you you you let's say you wish and it seems that our technologies are being capable of learning um by methods that we do not understand Ourselves and that is i think that that's something

that should disturb us also and that should be something that we in information systems should start studying so we will have to get closer to philosophy and to to to other areas now that we see that we we're building machines that well i can't say that they're better than we are but there are faster than we are To solve problems and those problems are not any longer efficiency problems our computers are teaching themselves to decide strategically so they are taking those decisions that usually in the past were considered human decisions and they are taking those

decisions at least from a a from from companies perspectives or from from business perspectives or from uh From capitalism uh related perspectives uh in in a better way that humans could so we are delegating uh the decision making about our future and about strategic decisions to our organizations and and strategic decisions to ourselves uh we're delegating them to machines and we're delegating that i'm not saying that we shouldn't delegate them to machines i just think that we should discuss that further and unfortunately it seems that we have Less time and and capacity of doing that

and and that we will do that at a much lower pace than um artificial intelligence is uh is being generated uh the other day i was uh i i i was my attention was squat by a a youtube uh interview with henry kissinger uh and when i saw that i said Is harry kissinger still alive i mean henry kissinger was that the the chef what is he was the guy who was in command of the cold war from the america from the north americans perspectives in the 70s or so and it turns out that henry

kissinger is i think about 100 years old but he's still maybe a little less than i don't know But he's still very well it was you can look for that uh maybe i can even include in our whatsapp group uh a link to harry kissinger's talk on on uh artificial intelligence that happened in uh uh 2019 i think and he where he was showing his concern uh well a guy that was 95 or something back in uh back then show his concerns about where we are going with the technology That we are developing again we

may be 20 years ahead of our society in terms of you know two years ago we were showing society that that's our computers could uh do the digital first that that our computers would be responsible for for digital transformation of the world uh now maybe it's time for us to start Thinking of another agenda or or an additional agenda for our area and that would maybe include uh some idea of where we will be 20 years from now uh if and and and and and considering that we we keep taking this same path of unquestioned

uh use of these uh technologies anyway so it's a little the the the end of the the paper is a little sort of science fiction thing uh in fact when i was rereading the paper To present it uh here to you i was thinking you know it's interesting that i did not include a session for conclusions this is definitely a problem with it i may have to figure out a place where uh here in the in from from this last sentence here up somewhere in the previous page here where i should say well now i'm

i'm just uh until now i was you know defending my Points of view or or our ideas now i'm only guessing what we should be doing for the future uh and and maybe we should still have uh a topic their conclusion or something to show that um uh well to respect the structure even being sort of chaotic in in my thinking i think i should respect the structure better than i did here and this was this is something that i you know if i had to change something but one interesting thing about an author Is

that an author is is the author of a paper during the time that he or she is writing the paper after six months or i think now it's a year since i last touched uh this paper and it's been in a drawer since uh i now when i read it i become uh also a reader uh and as a reader i missed uh a final session in which i emphasized the main conclusions or or tried to to give The readers a more clear idea of what we were meaning with the paper so that was it

but again all of these guys to say don't write essays or maybe write asses i know that some of our schools these days they ask us to when we're in the doctoral program before we start uh you know even before we develop the develop the Project uh of the the the thesis that we want to write they ask us to write an essay right uh this is probably going to be good and not good good for you to reflect about the the topic it's probably going to be very difficult to to publish for the reasons

that i uh express here today uh essays are very good for the let's say For for a specialist to write an invited paper right because an invited paper is going to be published and it's going to be published because it was that person who wrote and then people will pay attention to to the essay simply because they will say well this is the this guy's perspective perspective of this topic and for whatever reason i consider this person's Uh perspective an essay is hardly worth anything without being associated to the author uh and so as many

of our uh research outlets require uh well we still use the double blind review scheme uh and it's good that it's so because it gives fresh ideas an opportunity to to you know well not not to be stopped by the gatekeepers because the gatekeepers do Not know who who are let's say seasoned researchers in the area who are who are newcomers and they let's say the newcomers have a good chance of being published that's good for that but that also makes it very difficult for anyone to publish a an essay if it's not an invited

paper a paper that will appear there in a conference because or a conference or Or or journal because it was written by that person specifically right okay again i gave you less time to to express yourselves then then we should but i i wanted to to check with you what if these things make sense if you have any any anything that you would like to To express any ideas of i hear some typing there i don't know if anyone is typing the silvio so if you open your camera right now i think that you have

either a question or or a comment or my comment is just very good to come back for this course uh last year so right uh or the year before i don't know don't even remember last year yeah and uh again guys uh well most of You who the students who are here you you will get again our our aim here is that we end up or during the this next four months or so that you can uh think of a topic in information systems that you you you can develop that idea uh further as an

objective and as uh find uh the right method methodology to to address that that problem and uh what we'll do is uh i Know it's not a lot of time because we're doing this from now until early december right but in early this the idea would be in early december uh that we could all or uh either individually or in pairs or where whichever way you you wish to to get organized that you have i mean you draft a paper and uh one of the things that i want to do of course we'll have from

from next week on next Week we'll have a professor guilherme rodriguez with us and then the week after we'll have fred niederman and george maracas who uh and and and i um we'll have a lot of and then we'll have people talking about uh qualitative methods quantitative methods the idea is to provide you with with ideas and techniques so that you can progress on on writing papers uh but what i want to do is at the end we Will be the gatekeepers in the sense that well the gatekeepers of our disc what i will do

is uh we will try and organize uh maybe you send me the papers i will organize reviewers and the colleagues will will do some of the review based on the you know the what we think to be the proper way of of uh or what we will find to be the proper way of writing papers uh and and you have feedback then from reviewers you don't know who you not Know exactly who review but it will be someone else that is in in the group uh and those reviewers will already give you a first hint

uh into the quality of your work and what you still need to improve so that it is more uh acceptable uh if uh sent to isla or or ms next year so we'll have an additional layer of reviewers uh here and besides uh you know i i think i learned unfortunately we end up when when we get into this professional year Of being in academia we one thing that we we very quickly lose is our ability to deal with time it always seems that we have more things to do than than time i write much

less than i i wish i i i could right now some of you those who are writing a a dissertation or a thesis well at least you have that the pressure of having been required to to write right uh As we don't have that any longer sometimes i see myself for example like sitting on on top of my paper like this for over a year and maybe even finding out that uh it's not worth publishing any longer but anyway uh uh what i'm what i want to say here is that uh it's uh i i

learned to write much better by reviewing other people's papers so this is something that i want to Introduce you to those of you who have never reviewed uh for for a conference or or for a journal uh it's good to have this possibility of reviewing someone else's paper because we hardly ever find problems with our own babies you know our own papers are always beautiful we always think that our work is is is perfect right at least we should right because if it's if we don't think That it's it's perfect or or very good we

shouldn't send it to others we should improve it further before we do that but we always think that what we do is is is great and then when we read other people's uh papers we notice a lot of laws a lot of problems and we we're very very quick in in pointing out other people's mistakes and when we have to write about other People's mistakes we also start reflecting about those mistakes in our own writing so it's much easier for you to write a paper after you review the paper because you you've already told someone

else everything that you found there that is not according to what you expected and then you start checking for those things in your own writing so my experience is i became A better writer and i write faster and i write more efficiently because i review other people's papers and i'm always telling them what is wrong with their papers that allows me to polish my own work so this is again something that i wish to invite you to whenever you have an opportunity when whenever someone invites you to review uh a paper in academia we do

that uh it's in portuguese in brazil we call it Clockwork because when we say the clock clocks or watches they work for free right because they never stop so it's clockwork in the sense that nobody will pay you to review a paper but i can assure you that it will improve a lot the quality of your own writing so it's worth every uh every minute that you spend reviewing other people's work Questions no all right so so i guess today we'll finish a little earlier uh again next next uh next week we we have uh

[Music] next week we have professor guillemot rodriguez uh he has this is it no oh sorry He has i've asked him if he wants to send any material for you to read uh beforehand uh he has not done that yet but if and hard is it oh sorry he has not done it yet but if it does i will include here in in moodle okay and then i will tell you uh in our whatsapp group i don't know if there is any one of you who's not in the the what's up group yet But uh

if you if you aren't it's a good and quick way of us communicating for example today when the internet went down here the first thing i tried to do was to get what's up and send you a message saying don't worry i realize that i i am down the only problem is that i did that on my computer so the message i think only went out to you when when the computer came back i should have done it for my my cell phone that it would be faster But you have here in the in the

moodle page you have uh the what's up group here i think it's an important way for us to communicate when we we went and what i will do right after our class here i will find the link to harry kissinger's uh talk on youtube and i will send the link here through our whatsapp group so invite you all to be uh part of it as and the idea there is not that again we're not going to be saying good Morning or or good evening to people every day uh but i will use that a few

minutes before our class to tell you look where we're about to start and whenever you find something that you think that is interesting to other colleagues that are interested in writing better papers this is a place where you can also send it i think everyone will be happy about it all right If you have do you have a uh any other questions issues or do you want to say something no i think is it very interesting and relevant the discussion about you know the the writing and sale and big practice and i agree with you

right in the sense is not a good option when you are a student i think that writing breaks normal general papers [Music] Yeah and and i think aura for being here for indira who's also it seems that indira doesn't have a mic there right now but for for them to to be here as well i dream you know one of those things that we have to to be chaotic i dream of a moment in the future where we will be able to have let's say four or five of our information systems professors in latin america

uh even having deciding on on even or deciding on a A a course let's say each one of us will be teaching the same course to our students in our university but we will agree on a time and all of our students and all of my students and all of india students and well whoever else is there uh you know we will all join here because we have different perspectives uh and again uh we always have to take whatever someone says as being part of the experience they have with the with the with the Field

uh uh for example i'm an electronics engineer originally it took me about 20 years in information systems to get rid of my engineering perspective and and become able of even understanding for example the reasons why digital transformation takes 25 years and not not simply saying we all knew that but companies couldn't do it well i think we were not that effective because we knew It we we let's say we had advertised what companies should do but companies didn't do it anyway yeah so we were not effective in we were all agreeing among ourselves but we

were not able to convey that message to those that mattered the most that we're the practitioners uh right so we have to to maybe discuss further among ourselves and uh again at the beginning i thought it was just a matter of pushing technology To people as usual engineers think you know i i and in fact i i think i claimed that in the in the paper uh our our perspective our view of of technologies is always that well the technology is good we have to try and understand why people what is the problem with adopting

and accepting technology accepting technology right we want people to accept it we should already understand that if People have to accept it it's probably because it's not a good thing right acceptance is a matter of uh you know having to deal with it uh so uh we should be discussing much more about the appropriation of technology and appropriation of technology means even developing technology that is meaningful to whoever is going to to to be involved with it uh and engineers Develop technology first and then they want others to accept it later uh it doesn't work

it hasn't worked in the past it doesn't work now it hopefully will not work in the future because it only works when people have no choice but then do we want to push technology to onto people doesn't make much sense to me we have to think of technologies that serve humans and that make humans more Humane instead of just being abused by the fact that many of our technologies are not even accepted by people right okay patricia i think you had your i don't know if you want to say something you had a mic going

on no hi teacher excuse me excuse me oh okay right any other any other issues guys otherwise I'll see you next week same same same time uh yeah for for katja for example and for indira it's 6 20 in the morning right i don't envy you see you guys bye [Music] you