A REALIDADE É SUBJETIVA

Hello everyone and welcome to my kitchen. In today's program, I will teach you to prepare a delicious . .

. But, M. Rita, it`s been three years that we no longer record recipes.

But I miss you so much of an eggplant🍆 . . .

in my life. Well, as you may have seen somewhere on this screen, the topic of today's video is: The reality is subjective. But, before you think that this is a coaching video, neurolinguistic programming, I'll tell you right away: it is not quite there.

Today's video is, Among other things, a defense of studies of human sciences. You know, young lady, that I had a teacher in graduation, Maria Elisa Cevasco, I always talk about her here on the channel, that always counted for people who: "The theory is like a species with glasses that we wear, to see the reality. " And depending on the glasses that we use, we can focus on some things, and blur others, see some things and stop seeing others.

We need get used more and better tools, to finish to decode reality. Since the reality cannot be experienced in itself, but she has her experience mediated by some tool. Mostly, the speech.

If it's getting complicated, I simplify. What I want with this video is that you understand that if there is no word, there is no reality. And, from the moment, that we have a specific word to end a reality, we can see this reality through a new perspective.

For example, right, whenever I teach of English modernism, I'm going to get James Joyce here, Virginia Woolf, I used to do an exercise with my students which was more or less the following: I would enter the room, full of books, get out of the room. Enter the room again, with more books, he left the room. Entered the room and knocked over all the books on the table, and made faces and mouths, left the room and returned and asked that, from now on, everybody would take a sheet out of the notebook, and write a paragraph about what happened there.

After they wrote, I asked to sign with pseudonyms and exchange the sheets around the room. Then we randomly select people to read their reports that they received. Amazingly, no report will look like not the least with the other.

And, from there, we started to understand that perception of reality and so its decoding and its apprehension as an experience goes through a subjective filter. For the father of psychoanalysis and another very influential psychoanalyst, Freud and Lacan, we can understand that our formatting as a subject it is mediated by language. As the subject inerts himself in a symbolic order that precedes it and this insertion is more or less mediated by discourse.

Both psychoanalysis, as for discursive psychology, they have this primacy of speech. This interest in language, not as a real status, but as a mediation tool reality, and through which we access the perceptions, the sensations and feelings of the analysand about your reality. So building a speech that allows you to talk about new things, in a new way, it's a therapeutic species to deal with our reality.

Look at two speeches who showed us that back in the 19th century. In 1858, the British statesman, William Gladstone, who would also be the prime minister from England during the reign Queen Victoria, he conducted a brief survey about the Odyssey, right, one of the classic texts of antiquity. And when looking at the Odyssey, he is faced with a curiosity.

When Homer, the author, talks about the ocean, the ocean is not blue. But it is the color of dark wine. The same goes for sheep that are purplish, and some metals that have that tone purple-violet.

We don't have to go very far to know that the ancient Greek ocean, sheep and metals, not in purples itself, nor wine color. But that perception of those people ended that way reality. The curious comes now.

Upon learning that, in ancient Greek, there is no word for "blue". And, because it doesn't exist the word for "blue", there is no perception of reality like blue, but like purple, burgundy. When extending your study, for Lida and the Odyssey, William Gladstone will arrive in the following colors that are present there, the "black" color will be mentioned almost 200 times, white around 100, red less than 15 times, yellow and green less than 10 greens each, being interchangeable.

For example: sometimes, the pastures are yellow, and the honey of bees is green. "Rita, so people from ancient Greece are they all colorblind? " No.

The people of Ancient Greece have a different shape to appropriate reality. And soon, soon, it will be clear what I mean here. More forward, a philologist named Lazarus Geiger, will conduct a similar study about ancient languages that too they didn't have the word "blue".

He will study: wise of Irish heroes, the quran, ancient chinese stories, bible versions in Hebrew and chanting Hindu hymns. A famous phrase by the philologist is, that after that study, we would be unable, even after all the description thoroughness of these texts, to say that the sky is blue. Because color doesn't exist in any of those ancient languages.

In the 20th century, another researcher called Jules Davidoff, traveled to Nanibia, in Africa, to do an experiment similar. He came to a tribe, the Himba, and proposed a study that was as follows, an image will appear here on the screen, he positioned the members of this tribe different for a then pantium, what beautiful, and asked them: "Are you seeing all those cubes? " In the Himba language, there is no a distinctive word for "green" and "blue".

There is, however, the same word for both colors. This is important. Davidoff, then asked a question for members of the tribe: "Can you tell me which of these cubes has a different color?

" "Which of these cubes is different? " And the answer, unanimous and shocking, is that all members of the tribe, regardless of gender, age and occupation, have a terrific difficulty in pointing out which cube is different. If you're finding it funny, i will change our perspective of place.

So the Himba tribe has only the word "buru" to blue or green. However, they have two words to completely different green. Nothing like "light green" or "dark green", or "olive green" and "flag green".

But they have "dambu", for that more vibrant color, and "zuzu" for that more closed color. And now, the picture that is presented it's that: I'll even let you to pause the video. Could you tell me which of these cubes is different?

If you are having difficulty in responding, you just passed for the same experience of the Himba tribe. The different cube is this one: When we don't have the floor to decode reality, we have difficulty in seeing the reality. The idea that is present here is that until a concept become common, we can see the reality, but we can't understand what are we seeing in our reality.

Last week's video was about decentralization in the world as the gender cis, and the trans perspective like a theoretical lens Through which we can access reality. Thus, receiving these bodies, respect these dynamics and understand this subjectivity. The question that is proposed in this video it's more or less: "And you know what are you seeing?

" And this is where the distinguishing point is on someone who reads a news story and catch something and someone who reads a news story and don't get that thing. The distinguishing point between someone receiving a notification declared a terrorist act from United States, and can read it as a statement United States terrorist act. And someone who reads as a democratic propaganda.

It is through the humanities, for example, that we can expand our conscience than is human and what is humanity, and how that humanity is configured and presented in different places and times. And, it should be no surprise to no one, which is why the humanities are always the first focus of attack totalitarian governments. Instrumentalize people for human knowledge, is to make a human investment in our society.

Well, I hope this video get teased, so that we can rethink what are the lenses through which we have accessed reality. And that access what has it been through? And mediated by these tools, what is the perception of the world that we can abstract.

It is. Till next week. With knowledge diffusion humans.

A kiss. Goodbye!