Hey guys! All good? Today is Monday, December 2, 2019, at nineteen o'clock, and it is the day of our two minutes of philosophy.
Do you know what the state of nature is for Locke? We have already studied the state of nature for Hobbes, so it would be interesting to see the state of nature in Locke. This is because Locke differentiates between freedom and licentiousness.
Let our clock begin! What is the state of nature and licentiousness for Locke? The state of nature for Locke is different from the state of nature for Hobbes.
While the state of nature for Hobbes is marked by the war of all against all, the state of nature for Locke is a state of equality and freedom, in which all human beings have freedom, and none have a natural right to rule over another. . What is interesting to us about Locke's state of nature is that, even though there is wide freedom, it is not a state of licentiousness.
Locke, in the Second Treatise of Civil Government, says that, although it is a state of freedom, it is not, however, a state of licentiousness. Although man in this state enjoys an uncontrollable freedom to dispose of his person and what he possesses, he does not enjoy the freedom to destroy himself, nor to destroy any creature that is in his possession, unless a nobler end than simple preservation requires. The state of nature is governed by a natural law to which everyone is subject.
Reason, which is this law, teaches all humanity that we must take into consideration that, being all equal and independent, no one should harm another in their life, health, freedom, or possessions. In other words, unlike Hobbes, who defends a state of nature of broad freedom and immorality or amorality, where there was neither right nor wrong, for Locke the state of nature is the natural condition of man, a condition of equality and freedom that does not is confused with licentiousness. Even in this broad condition of freedom, we have moral duties, even if there are no legal duties.
Those were our two minutes of philosophy this Monday. A big hug and have a good week! These are the votes of Professor Leandro Cordioli.
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