SGBC Industry Course: Assessing the Carbon Footprint of Building Product (01/02)

In a zoom chat and and this is the Google link if you cannot access the V transfer more importantly please keep your videos turned on throughout the entire course duration for attendance verification participants who have turned who of their cameras for majority of the course without a valid reason will not be awarded a certificate of Attendance please also ensure that your mic is muted throughout the the course except during discussions or the Q&A session if you have any questions you can send them in the chat otherwise you may also use the Rend function and will

attend to you if you're experiencing any technical difficulties please uh you may reach out to me using the chat box or drop the number on the screen a call and our sgbc staff vers is Promting kindly note that screenshots will be taken for publicity and marketing purposes and finally an e certificate of attendance will be sent to you via email after we have verified your payment and attendance kindly note that we'll be taking attendance twice once at the start of the course and once at the end so please stay to the [Music] end and here

are the updated CBD points For industry professionals six scdm pdus will be awarded as for the sgbc GMP and pdus they are still pending verification and they'll be updated once they have been approved so for industry professionals please scan the QR code to Summit your P CPD numbers we'll be sh this at the end as well for the second round of attendance taking I also send the um Google form in the Chat okay I'll move on to the next slide for those who need the CBD points you can access the link in the chat so

this is the cost program I believe Grace will go through the cost program in more details later so I'll just run through this quickly so after the registration we'll be talking about the Carbon fopr Concepts then we will have a short 15 minutes break at 10:30 then we'll be talking about scope 1 2 three Emissions and at 12:30 we'll have our lunch break after our lunch break we'll go through the specifics of scope Tre emissions then we'll talk about um life cycle assessment at 15 we have another short 15 minutes break and following which we'll

go through examples of LCA as well as green Mark 2021 carbon scheme carbon yeah and at 420 we will have our sgbc staff who will share about the sgbp certification scheme criteria finally we'll end the course at 5 p.m with a short summary so later we will have group discussions and we'll put you all into groups here is the groupings and once the breakout rooms are launched you will be automatically directed into the groupings yeah so that will be all for me I'll pass the time over to our C trainer Grace thanks Ali hi uh

good morning everyone um I believe that all of you would have actually received the course Materials and you realize that there's a lot of uh content in there as in a lot of documents uh some of them are actually the carbon footprint report and you will also notice that there are data sources such as IG and um IC database and so on uh we have just actually changed the course content of today is actually the first one where the content has been changed I just wanted to highlight that the some of the materials that have

been uh included inside the Package will not be covered in today's class and sgbc will come back to to you later on all right in case any of you need to submit the carbon footprint reports um so what what is what we're going to be doing today is actually uh giving you an overview of the scope one scope two scope three calculations but we will not be looking at doing the carbon footprint reports per se so I just wanted to align expectations in case you know later on by the second Half of the day everyone

starts getting wondering you know how come we're not doing that um maybe I'll just find out if there's any questions at this point before I start the [Music] session is are there any questions recording in progress so if there's no questions on what ell has sh yes uh can I ask uh case then uh when is the next uh C footprint uh of a Building Product calculations cost going to be okay so um We just actually had this chat with sgbc today and um I think depending on the number of participants who need to actually

do that submission of the carbon footprint report uh we may actually um look at again this is up to sgbc now I'll probably let them uh make that decision later on as to whether a separate session like a half day session or something will need to be done for those who have to submit that report so um sui I hope that helps to address your Concerns I'm not sure how many of you there are who who need to do this but I just want to align expectations at the start of the class so that after

today right 5:00 you ask me how come you haven't covered how to do the cover footprint is because the cost uh cost content has been changed right at the request of hgbc uh so for those of you who fall into that category uh who need to submit that c footprint report sgbc will follow up with you all right to see Whether or not a separate session will need to be arranged yeah just for that doing of that report for submission so I think it'll be good if uh those of you who who need to submit

that report I think James or Alie probably later on will do a survey just to find out how many of you need to do that report yeah because I think uh majority of you are understand are here because you need that attendance but there could Be a proportion of you here who also need to submit that report and I don't know how many are those numbers yeah apart from you sui I suspect you're one of them yeah okay I'm also one of those who need to submit a report okay actually uh James and Alie do

you want to do that check now so that um at least you can let them know your your okay so what Grace mentioned so we will do a really do just do a poll now to see how many of You really need to sub carbon report for the purposes of sgbp certification so this is really specifically for yeah the same Building Product certification the ti yeah yeah because your because your training uh course title is as such is so yes you understand because what but we've changed it because we're moving towards uh epgs that's that

we are still aware that some of you that cover from report so we will uh work with you guys to run a special session really to Produce this report for our certification I know but then the the training content shouldn't should still include the calculation of carbon footprint of a Building Product right yeah but we are moving towards if it is we doing yeah understand yeah so but any case we'll try work this out so uh you can just let us know you can drop me a in the chat box you can just drop me

a a message like say that you need yeah actually maybe maybe it'll be helpful For us to just have an idea right how many of you in the class today so there are 30 we have about 30 participants not necessarily 30 companies but how many of you you are required to submit that um carbon footprint report for submission I just sent in in the group chat that uh yes okay so that's one of you anyone else so you got another one right yes yes yes correct from which company Technologies Sorry come again S3 Technologies S3

Technologies okay yeah uh so from wellmet here so I require the maybe separate session foration of the carbon fprint report and do anyone else I I also need I'm from building Associates building associate and also needs building Associates okay uh James this is J from M you can include us also because I think as appliers uh in the course of this uh uh S sity program uh in in time to come we may be required to uh submit the reports so it would be good to have some understanding on this uh okay but because M

I think you your product might be under the epd schem but in any case I I'll make a note yeah thank you thank you okay mostly M companies okay can but sorry yes you are this is I'm Francis from Mishi yeah probably I think I will also need this uh carbon footprint I need to Learn how to do this common footprint calculation okay got it you need to submit a report or yeah do you need to submit a report census uh yes because uh it will be helpful for our uh product uh ratings okay as

to sgbp for sgbp purposes corre okay okay okay uh anyone else okay got you didn't mean uh okay about it okay anyone else I got everyone Already okay I think that's about it so uh we go work with grace to do a kind of hard session to go through the CLE footprint uh report and then uh we will get back to you on the details yeah okay is anyone is anyone Bound by really tight timelines because I know sometimes when you submit the reports you have a a limited time frame for submission is anyone Under

Pressure to like submit it within the next one month or something or we're not looking at That kind of timelines I I didn't receive any specific timeline but I need to something report okay all right so we're all good then because occasionally we get participants will say actually I need to submit by this month is very stressful okay so as long as we don't have participants who are in that in that um so-call position then I think we're okay okay great thanks we'll get back to you guys on the accurate date okay we pass the

time to sorry sorry to Interrupt Francis from mitubishi again also need this uh Ian also need this uh quite urgently for this submission in order to achieve Define urgent Francis okay probably this month this month this mon this mon ending soon Francis okay okay thanks fris we let you know yeah sorry thank you no problem thank you okay grace thank you okay thanks all right so um a good morning to everyone um I didn't have a chance to do an introduction so um I I believe I may Have met some of you before from earlier

courses or perhaps through phone calls all right so um I'm going to just run through the agenda again because like I mentioned right today is the first time we're actually uh doing this revised agenda for this course so I just wanted to make sure that in terms of alignment and expectations we are all good and if let's say you have got any questions on the content or if you have any additional areas or topics that you like Discuss um please let me know and we'll see whether we are able to to kind of like includeed

within the course outline or whether it has to be taken uh you know offline separately so um I will do a little quick a quick introduction on the impact of climate change okay um on businesses and in general for for your building materials as well uh we will also talk about standards so um as sgbc mentioned the move is towards um epds okay so we will talk a bit about What are epds and how different is that from what you're currently doing as well as um how could this also help your business so um it

doesn't NE necessarily mean that an epd is going to be bad in some cases it may actually be beneficial for your business uh I will also cover the difference between um organization and uh product carbon footprint so they are different concepts they measure slightly different things and they are used differently uh we will look at an Example of an LCA so basically at the end of today's class right 5:00 you should be able to differentiate what is a product carbon footprint what's an LCA and what's an epd and what's a or organization uh greenhouse gas

so my aim is to kind of like put some clarity on all those terms and you need to be able to know what your customer is asking for or you need to be able to know what you're trying to measure before you start collecting the data my session Will actually stop at about 4: after which I'll pass it over to sgbc for them to go through uh the certification schemes uh we do have a short Q&A towards the end so in case your questions are unable to be asked during the course we can also take

them um between 4:45 to 5: okay so um Ellie has already mention the times for the lunch breaks and the coffee breaks so I hope that works for everyone okay uh 10:30 uh to 10:45 and then 12:30 to 1:30 and then Followed by 3:15 to 3:30 okay any questions on the agenda okay if no questions uh this is my background I'm actually a biologist by training a microbiologist if you want to put it this way um so I I have spent many years working in the lab before I left the lab um to to do

something more exciting to to do to do things that do not get shelv inside cabinets right so um I also did um what you call third party certification work um before I set Up susten year uh that was from about 201 2011 until about 2017 saw a third party certification auditor doing your typical ISO 9,000 14,000 I saw someone from Intertech here as well so that's another certification body I don't know if you were doing the same certification schemes but 9445 FSC um Smita and RBA so those are some of the schemes that I did

um it includes the social compliance standards as well And um I was also doing third party Assurance for um sustainability reports so that includes companies like um Capital Corporation as well as the aala group of companies in the Philippines uh in 2017 I set up sustainia so I moved away from third party certification and now moved towards uh in-house Consulting and now we help clients to actually uh produce their sustainability reports um we guide them on their strategy and um we also help them to set up their Greenhouse gas inventory for scope one two and

three um One new uh survey that we're currently working a lot of clients is of course on the epds as well okay so basically that's my background um I enjoy teaching I enjoy sharing knowledge uh I think it's good to learn from one another uh I always find that during these sessions I also learn a lot from participants so please feel free to post your questions um if it's possible within my means to answer I will answer If it's really not within my means I might have to come back to you separately sorry Grace do

you do do you do epd report for company yeah so it's something new that we are actually starting on we're embarking on but I don't I don't teach the full epd here so but we'll cover what's an epd what's the difference between epd LCA and PCF and then I'll also share uh some links for you all to go and read up on because um there's only so much I can Cover in one day so depending on where your epds are going you also need to to take note of the requirements needed no I mean uh

do you uh do epd for companies yeah yeah yeah we do we do but it's it's a massive undertaking so I think you need to be very clear right as to whether or not you really need an epd or just a rough estimate the cost of producing a epd report magic number so I've heard I've heard differing differing um so-called Prices now so my clients previously came to me can we take this offline now may not be S may not be nice for me to talk about this online okay okay I understand yeah thank you

drop me a separate message yeah okay yeah so um but anyway like I said like if I'm able to answer the question I'll help you to answer all right um in some cases you may find that it's more valuable for you to go and buy the software and do it yourself also okay because it depends on how many Reports you need to do and every time you engage a consultant to help you to do it it's X dollar right so let's say you have multiple reports to do maybe it's better you know that you develop

this capability inhouse you buy the software and then you do it yourself but uh what I understand is uh normally customers or the market only accept third party EP correct you do the report but you still get third party to certify ah then you still upload it and Everything so it's not to say that you do it yourself then that's it just give this to your client no that's not the way right but what I'm trying to say is that to save the cost because the consultant who does that report for you they cannot verify

it you cannot own self check on self right yeah ah so if let's say a consultant like me does the report for you you still need a third party to come in and verify it and then it still needs to get uploaded into a a Public so called like a we call it a library that's for an epd so there's a proper process to do it and that's what I mean that process is what I can teach you but you can do the report yourself and then after that get it third party assured and then

upload so then you save the cost of the consultant writing that report but it depends on how many you need to do you do only once a year then maybe no point right but let's say multiple reports four five Reports right multiple products ah then maybe it's more practical he we just going and buy the software the license you know do it ourselves and any idea how much the software costs for producing e separately Ken okay I don't know whether I'm allowed to share this online yeah I didn't clear this sgbc okay can can thank

you so much yeah okay no problem okay so that's my background um the field of sustainability is ever changing it's U moving so quickly Uh today we talk about this tomorrow something changes um even when it comes to regulations um regulations change really fast as well so all I can say in today's class is that whatever I teach you is valid for now but um things may change next year all right Regulators may come up with uh new requirements for your products or even your materials and even your customers may be asking you for new

things okay so I have seen your names And I've seen your companies with a little bit of back ground when Ellie showed the breakout rooms uh maybe I think um one question I like to seek from everyone to share is um what is your purpose of attending the class today apart from getting the attendance and submitting the carbon footprint is there anything in particular in terms of uh technical uh knowledge or in terms of understanding that you like to achieve in today's session so that will really Help me to kind of Ensure I covered anyone

please should start the ball rolling so I know you have some of you have to do attendance take Asing you need to to get your attendance and some you need to do that report but apart from that is there anything else NOP what about sustainability reporting is there anyone's mind doing your being able to submit bits for government Tenders most mostly on the C uh reporting us okay okay so I I don't know if any of you are in are in the position where you have to submit um government uh you to submit bids for

government tenders or for those step BS and government agencies right uh recently we received a request from a small architectural firm asking for help because they were trying to submit a bit and then they will ask on the greenhouse gas calculations and they were stuck They had one week left all right so I don't know whether you are in that kind of position um after today's session you should be able to do greenhouse gas calculations for your own organization so in the event you need to submit bits or tenders to government agencies I hope this

will help you as well yeah okay any other aspects no okay I'll just move on maybe the questions will come later on okay so in terms of the impact of um climate Change right and um what it's doing to us let me just share this short video video and I need to stop sharing I'm going to share another screen with my video just one minute and I need to share my [Music] sound there we go urgency is growing to decarbonize our economy a Big Slice of the challenge comes from the construction and operation of buildings

which account for 39 % of global energy related emissions and of that a large share comes from the materials used to assemble buildings from steel to cement and aluminum to Glass the greenhouse gas emissions released to make those materials are known as embodied carbon these emissions come from practically every stage of the material's life starting with the extraction of raw materials such as iron ore to make Steel and the embodied car carbon continues to acre through every step in the material's long life from manufacturing delivery and installation to operation maintenance and at the end of

life the disposal of building materials that's why reducing embodied carbon up front can deliver a Cascade of emissions savings for developers finding lower carbon materials can validate their commitments to ESG goals for Manufacturers and distributors Green Building Materials can yield a Competitive Edge with products that command a premium and for policy makers better building standards can cut emissions to help avoid health and property harm from a warming climate when combined these alternative materials can reduce embodied carbon today and deliver big benefits to The Climate tomorrow the sooner builders make the move the bigger the benefits

Will be visit rmi's resource page to learn more about today's Solutions okay so quick question for all of you if you actually think about a building and we are looking at materials is that actually in the operational um so-called lifespan of the building or is that happening even before the operations begin before before right yeah so how many of you Know whether there are companies that are actually measuring their footprint of the construction of the buildings there's a lot of talk going on on the operations of the building so that's your operational greenhouse gas right

when you use very energy efficient chillers you know uh when you have very um so-called good insulation for your buildings then it reduces the amount of energy needed that's on the operation of the building but when all this thing is Happening Upstream so some of you provide elevators lives then how you provide soal like steel cement right Structural Materials all this is what we call the Upstream uh soal embodied carbon right of your construction materials okay so how many of you have seen that kind of data coming from developers or from buildings actually we are

trying to do that we're trying to measure the embon carbon of our product and um They are increasing demand from developers looking at that as well that's why we would like to know more yes course and then hopefully we can have our own carbon fre assessment that we could submit to the Developers for the yes so if you are supplying a product yours is just one of the many yes so yours will contribute to the overall what we call the embodied carbon of that building exactly and I I know that the the constrution method will

Also come uh what what they usually call the a construction modular construction usually would have to reduce andol carbon that's what I've been hearing yeah so I think there are there are so-called different ways in which they are trying to reduce the amount of carbon that is uh associated with each of the components of the buildings right so it could be the foundation it could be the structure right it could be the the so-call facades and so on but they All add up to what we call the overall embodied carbon of the building now in

assuming that when you build the building you did not think about insulation then this is going to give you a problem during the operation of the building because during the operation of the building the building has not been designed in an effective manner right and then you're going to end up having more energy used to cool the building or To heat the building during winter so then this will add on to your operational carbon then after that you heard a little bit about the end of life the decommissioning so what happens when a building is

decommissioned is there anything that can actually be reused right or recycled or repurposed so if everything that is demolished is just thrown away and nothing is recycled that's also energy that has been lost because energy was Needed to make all the raw materials energy was needed you know in the So-Cal construction and then you have the operation of the building and then what happens at the decommissioning so when you look at what we call um a life cycle assessment you are effectively having to think from the beginning which is the Cradle to the Grave the

the So-Cal end of life this meeting is being recorded for many of you here because you're doing products uh when you think about Your product you need to think about cradle which is the start where all your materials come from right all the way until the end of life okay so that is what's going to go into the calculations later on all right let me move on first um greenhouse gas effect so we heard we heard a little bit about how uh you know the the so-called built environment is contributing to a very substantial amount

of uh greenhouse gases being uh Produced and contributing to climate change but what is this greenhouse effect so we have different uh gases which are collectively known as greenhouse gases and they are forming a layer over the Earth's atmosphere preventing the sun's radiation which is like the heat from escaping so in other words when the sun's radiation enters the Earth's surface it just states that it can't it can't escape because all the greenhouse gases are forming a layer Over the Earth's atmosphere so we have different types of greenhouse gases we have things like carbon dioxide

we have methane we have nitrous oxide and uh for all the so-called energy needed to manufacture our building products there is greenhouse gases being produced when you burn coal when you burn diesel when you burn petrol right all this will generate greenhouse gases so that is a big problem right if you want to actually reduce the amount of Greenhouse gases going into the atmosphere you need a collective effort across all Industries to actually reduce their emissions okay so it's not only the build environment even the power sector has got to do something even the transportation

sector has got to do something so what is happening with climate change um we are now seeing warming of ocean surface temperatures and there's also frequent flooding in coastal areas um I think just last week We had very heavy rains in Singapore um it was probably the haviors that we had in sometime I know that along bukima Road the water was actually up to the ankles so I don't know if any of you have experienced uh Flats versus flash floods um the story I'm hearing is that or rather the the so-called debate I'm having is

that um usually I'm told Singapore doesn't experience floods because our floods typically subside after 1 hour whereas if you're in Countries like Malaysia or Indonesia the floods could persist for weeks like you know one to two weeks so that's considered a real flood all right but in any way uh floods are getting more and more common and that's also because of the amount of humidity that's being um contained in the atmos atere now because of the heat right and The Temper of the pressure changes we our atmosphere now contains a lot more water and therefore

when we get rain it gets more intense And not only that because of the warming climate we also have um so-called glaciers in the Antarctic and Arctic melting and when water melts it can only go into the sea and then the sea levels will rise so all the coastal regions are expecting uh sea level rises including Singapore uh one one of the countries uh has already decided to move its capital anyone remembers what country that is one country has decided to move its capital because of rising sea levels and Also Indonesia that's right so where

did they move their Capital to was no it's kalimantan oh kantan ah so the new capital of Indonesia will be called nanara if I remember correctly so that is just one of the many countries that will be affected by climate change right so Indonesia made that decision to move the capital the new capital to to Bono sorry not to khim Manan um I've we also have uh this case of low lowly what we call island nations that will Eventually get wiped off the surface of the Earth because they have no uh not enough resources to

protect their land so places like tuvalu all right Kiribati they actually in the South pacifics and they are island nations meaning that they are just a whole you know collection of islands and because they're Islands right the moment the sea level rises um there's nothing to protect them there's no there's no break Waters there's no uh so-called walls to To protect these islands and once the sea level rises it it So-Cal covers the island they lose their land and the law of the sea or the the law of the international law states that as long

as you don't have land you're not a country so in time to come these places could literally be wiped off the maps because they cannot protect their land all right so they don't have the infrastructure and the money to actually protect all their Islands so the people Who are living on all these islands are getting displaced Australia is actually offering them um So-Cal like refugees status all right for them to move over because some of them I mean there's not enough islands for everyone right one by one the islands will get flooded so they will

need to move to a new place so Australia has actually you know offered to help some of these island nations so it's very tragic we are on this part of the world where we don't really see Things that are happening in the other side of the world but um you know we need to be aware that climate change is affecting many countries okay and it may also affect your products all right your materials all right so greenhouse gases um what do we have to take note of okay now first of all about 40% of energy

related greenhouse gas emissions are from buildings and construction sector uh if you heard the video they say that you know there's this need to look at Embodied carbon of the products that means your material itself as well as the operations of the building so I think many of you here will play a role in the embod carbon of your product so if you're able to develop your product using less amount of energy or using more efficient uh methods then of course the overall embodied carbon content of your product will be lower if you can also

use recycled content in your product that's even better right because Everything that is new everything that's what we call a virgin material will actually require a lot of energy okay whether it's for refining or for purification or for manufacturing so the use of recycled Mater material in your product would also be beneficial and if you look at the the different type of materials right they have different kind of embodied carbon content so let's say we look at the table on the right this is a database of Embodied carbon content or building materials you can see

that generally when it comes to different materials this is the embodied carbon value per kg of material so aluminium we're looking at about 11.5 kg carbon dioxide per kg of building material so if the overall building was built with a lot of some of these materials then of course the the overall emissions will increase do not get fooled by the fact that concrete is 0.1 Because the weight of concrete is actually very heavy all right so the amount concrete that you use in your building once you multiply it by the volume right that you need

to use it becomes very substantial okay so it's the same for braks as well and cement okay any questions at this point okay if there's any questions uh just feel free and post them into the chat okay so now for for the number that we are looking at yes body carbon uh What what are the the boundaries soal so where so they actually consider yeah it's a cradle to grave that's right that's the CR to grave numbers Cradle to grave that's right I I was told there there are they there some something they call the

end of life treatment can can you explain a little bit about that and so the end of life treatment right means that the material has either been recycled Reus right or re repurpose and if that Material has a potential for it to be reused and so on it can go back again so therefore the overall embodied uh So-Cal U value will be lower the epd we call it oh okay yeah because you you can you so the product carbon footprint will be lower your epd values will also show that it can go back into the

raw material again so there must be an assumption made on how many percent can be recycled because not 100% right yeah yeah so then that that assumption is Made right so what what are the assumptions when you say refer to the embed carbon of these Ming materials so uh what do you mean refer to the example no no uh the number that let's say for luminium 11.5 what what is the end of life life assumption I believe this one here is Virgin yeah it's okay it's not it's not the Recycled one okay so end of

life is basically is dispos disposal yes yes but if let's say of course you start considering because every every Manufacturer will have different uh ways of of using re recyclable content in their raw material yeah I know a friend who is doing aluminium and he claim he's always using recycle aluminum and then he has a very low possible possible that's right yeah okay so um if you actually look at the the construction of a building uh if a building has been made primarily with these materials concrete steel or Timber You can see that if everything

is the same height composition and location right uh this is the amount of emissions right of that building so of course when you look at this thing you you might be tempted to say oh so Timber is really good the emissions is considerably lower almost half that of concrete why don't we build using Timber but I think you all will know that timber in our climates has also met with a lot of challenges right so it's not easy to Build to use wood for construction in a tropical climate with high humidity right so you'll have

challenges when it comes to um the the mole and all the other structural issues that you know when when when absorbs moisture again okay and plus all the rainfall that that we're getting here so these are things that you need to think carefully before you you get excited you know on on the use of new materials and so on let me just move On so again if you have uh different structures by building elements so if the foundations were built by concrete steel and Timber then you know what's the kind of emissions we're looking at

is going to be the same but where it could make a difference is Under The Columns and beams floors and possibly the roofs so they said that okay if you build your beams and columns using Timber you know you're going to have considerably less um amount of emissions With the floors as well and the roofs okay so this is just a study that was done because they wanted to Showcase that you know there are alternative materials that um Builders or developers may want to consider instead of using the traditional concrete and steel okay so a

quick question for all of you here how do you think climate change will affect the construction industry as a whole consider buildings roads and rails and your company products and Services so let me just give you an example um if you are actually perhaps uh in the um Logistics industry okay uh climate change well I I specified here construction but I don't know whether any of of you here from outside of construction I'll just give you an example from the Transportation industry so um if let's say you actually in the shipping industry you may find

that the cost of shipping is actually going up right um one of the reasons is Because under the IMO International Maritime organization requirements for green shipping uh the the So-Cal um shipping companies are now required to to actually buy uh so-called credit uh pay pay certain amount uh if let's say the emissions have crossed a certain value so all this is part of the the push for IMO you know for green shipping uh if let's say you you're looking at the aviation industry aviation industry is also affected by what we call the Coria C RS

I a and these are regulations affecting the the flights all right how many um So-Cal the distance that they travel and the emissions Associated that they need to pay credits for that as well so that is like at the industry level affecting these sectors the shipping and the the flights so what about the construction sector um do you think there's any physical impact of climate change on your products your materials or your Buildings uh let me just do a quick check um Ellie do we have the breakout sessions for this one here or is that

only for the later part um they I think they can just use the breakout rooms like the same one okay all right so we will break you out into rooms to just do a quick discussion all right um I like you all to discuss in your groups how climate change is going to affect uh the construction industry and I think this is really important uh firstly because Uh moving forward you will notice that uh as policies are enacted right so government uh government policies regulators and so on uh they asking for companies to disclose what

is the emissions that's the first step there's another portion which I'll be covering later and that's the disclosure of climate related risk companies are actually expected to disclose climate related risk to their business so what I'm asking you all to actually kind of Discuss here is to touch a little bit on that as well so The Regulators are asking for for some of the companies um if you're affected based on either 100 million or 1 billion Revenue to disclose your climate related risk okay any questions on this group exercise before we break you up into

groups okay if there's no questions then um Ellie can I get your help to break them up into the groups and then we'll just do this for about um 10 Minutes okay then I'll open the rooms good morning everyone yes uh me and come from the B plastic uh company in Vietnam uh actually in Vietnam uh at that at this time uh not yet to uh have the many recation from the government uh we just uh learning and study uh it's mean uh St to learning about the es to implement the the cbor food Pring

yes so everyone can say if uh your country uh uh L uh litus foood pring all right uh so here from well we actually distributor for uh materials incl of concrete panels uh card the S things so we are basically distributed in Singapore many Authority just uh to uh uh presentation about the es about the CB foodprint for the the company but not yet the many the company to yeah so uh the in Vietnam we found Out the the climate change and and we not yet to found found the impact to the instruction uh especially

the our person all so the discussion is about uh how how uh climate change will affect maybe the manufacturer or the logistic companies going forward so maybe you can have some discussion uh all I can think of is maybe climate change will mean some area some region will have uh too much water some region Will have lesser water so in this case maybe uh for manufacturers they will face uh they will face constraint or they face uh competition to get uh water to get Water Resources maybe doing production and that will cause increase in production

cost in this case if there's as uh when climate change get worse so this is one idea I have uh maybe any of you can share uh how how how it may be affected because of uh maybe logistic cost or or manufacturing Process actually I'm in the from construction Duty materials I am the one who the most because all the all this C is talking about constructions you see basically it's the the what call no matter how we still have to use concrete have to use steel or whatever things for for building so what what

we are trying now actually is trying to to uh to lower out the carbon emissions we have to use recycle things we have to I mean uh more Efficience on our Productions use less diesel use less electric all the kind of things basically just to help so I mean everybody also uh doing the same thing you have to use less electricity less diesel or whatever things so and when everybody moving forward I think we can just help know for ourself we can help a little bit to to lower down the carbon emissions but if you

really say actually we have to stop immediately the carbon emissions uh no think unless you don't Want to build a house right and so we can build a uh uh what I call uh multi stories using Timber right so we just trying to do our uh to help the the what call the the world just to to lower down the carbon emissions this what we are doing do now I have a question for all of you do do has climate change actually affected the way you you design and build your design or construct your materials

uh Yeah we have to do something actually now actually to know from from starting to do the the what call the Products Manufacturing yeah now now actually because of this you have to change quite a lot okay but is it because of the reporting the the carbon footprint report or is it because of the actual physical climate so I I gave an example to another group earlier I said that you know now because of increased humidity and uh uh increase temperature right and Increase rainfall uh does that have an impact on our products so in

the past our products right they have a certain amount of water absorption content that is so-called allowable yeah but now because of the rainfall that we're getting doesn't need to be changed doesn't you use a pickle people back to to St cement sometimes brain Falls actually uh when you uh produce a product you have to put uh you have to shift all the products to other place And then you but that that's on your storage right yeah uh so so that's on on you as a manufacturer okay then you think about the actual use of

your product when this product goes onto a building okay I'm not sure whether you are the cement or the the bricks or the the the C side actually on the cement side so when you're on the cement side are you are you now worried about permeability yeah of course if you go to the site they have to store it uh more Correctly you know more properly yeah compared to last time yeah but not only that let's say for example I I already construct a building using the the cement right yeah then do I now have

to be concerned that because the the the rainfall is so is there's so much Heavy Rain these days and the buildings don't have a time to dry out what is the porosity of my my Cen uh not so much on that because C when cure you cure yeah so much on that but will it have enough Time to cure or not before the ring comes down yeah no c will cure under the ring ah okay okay okay right but are there other aspects that that will affect your business so climate change also has an impact

on the supply chain yeah of course yeah so let's say you're shipping your things from overseas do you all notice that nowadays shipping roots are sometimes affected yes so in the past uh I think in the last six six months or so we've Heard everything from things like Panama Panama Canal drying up right not enough water in a Panama Canal so the ships with a very deep draft they cannot pass through the canal so if your things were getting Shi from overseas there's a possibility it could be delayed and then if you are sending yeah

so and and also because of the rain in Thailand right so let's say you're shipping things if you're sending things to land that could be affected as Well okay so all this is what we call um the climate related risk of uh So-Cal on your business business so the risk could either come from physical risk which is your weather events or it can also come from transition what we call transition risk which is actually coming from policy changes okay so policy changes things like oh uh now BCA or or Singapore Acra you know coming up

with new regulations on what needs to be reported okay all This is going to have an impact on the business as well okay so you all can discuss this in your group see whether or not there's any other things to to highlight at the same time uh do some introductions okay I'll pop into the other rooms and I'll see you later thanks CH so what else uh Malaysia side elain just just mentioned that Malaysia side is actually uh government is coming down Hot uh we they exp that because our Factory is uh our our manufacturing

partners are uh most of them are group actually Malaysia side so they are under pressure as well even they packaging the type of packaging they use they trying to reuse it they're asking us to return the packaging so they can recycle it even if it's timle packaging the sort of things and they are looking at ways to reduce the amount of packaging recycling it sometimes up to we as a as the Distributor we have to inform the site to change the operation uh how do you o how do you uh how do you offload the

sort of things uh how to return back the packaging after you unload this sort of things so we did face this change of operation just because we have to recycle more we have to use less we did saw we did see this currently yeah this is all the world I think uh most of the times we are doing this just recycle the paperback or Recycle the pills or whatever things but this is not just um for now I think since long time ago weed uh doing this so I think uh from now onwards I think

everybody should do this kind of things just recycle the whole things how about Mr Mr trun is it uh from from uh JS plastic and any any any maybe you can share with us what is uh any green initiative right now from Vietnam side Vietnam government maybe giving a incentive for recycling or Actually have penalties if you use too much electricity we can maybe you can share with us so what what's the policy right now in Vietnam uh now in Vietnam the policy is not clear uh just in a concept so uh the government uh

just presentation for our company that concep so first and then uh the government uh build up the building building the uh more uh uh regulation more regulation and instruction for the Our company for our for the bus so not yet uh uh not too much clearly so our company to have the study to learn have to study have learn from the outside from the uh foro uh been belong to the SEC group from Thailand so we have to learn from the Thailand uh yes but not in Vietnam uh not yet clear yes for example uh

in term of the construction the the government not yet to mention uh what is imployment for the construction they just uh mention about The ren the C emission yes and uh for example um for the new construction is okay but the old construction they not yet mentioned yes so that's reason why for example uh P plastic have the new project to renovation office uh we uh learn and to focus on the when we inovation we will choose the green material material to build the the new building yes uh as the as you know the the

we will we will choose the temper the material uh that Low Capon yes simp but follow the uh in Vietnam now not yet clearly yes and uh the hour product is a plastic plastic pie plastic pie uh provide for the uh Supply and uh water supply the water the plastic P so we uh focus on the green po to uh sub uh a little bit for the conru I mean not only in Vietnam I think many countries in uh southeast Asia also they just started to face this kind of uh uh CO2 emissions kind of

things at Greenhouse yeah I think Malaysia also is catching up uh Singapore I think is quite advanc Malaysia I think so we are trying to go for that I think uh hopefully everybody in Southeast Asia so we can contribute a little bit to the world now talking lot talking a lot of ESC but uh not yet have the framework clearly yeah soon I think uh soon actually Vietnam uh all the countries actually soon they're coming up with the The the framework he'll be a sure be more things to do later anybody else actually how many

of us in the group actually six 1 2 3 4 five six is there six in the group one two three four five six of us in the group yeah yeah hello hello everyone so I uh I work in the same company with the Mr F from B plastic company so I think in this grp so we we we need Focus uh on the discussion of what when we have uh carbon dioxide emission in race so the Limage chain and so what um what the effect that the liage change will affect to uh our field

our product or service so I think that the um many policy from the the many uh country government so they will set the the the quota or uh limitation for uh for for company to uh uh to handle their uh CO2 emission so such as so in the same company in the plastic or in uh concrete or cement so they will set the the the The cap for the emission uh outside so uh if you have more uh uh I I think it's the the solution for the re uh the carbon dioxide so it's uh

will be good for com competitive uh in the in the market so it will affect to their out rise so if uh we have more uh certificates for the the uh I think R Mark uh yeah like Rin Mark also for the the EBD yeah like like the EBD for the the reduce the C CO2 emission uh uh uh so roject roject So we can approve for the the government of for our customer that uh we uh we tend to to the the the re uh solution to uh have uh uh to have the environment

uh good so I think it's uh uh is the the the our adventure Advantage if we uh have more uh solution now so uh uh in our company so we intend to uh redu the carbon uh carbon dioxide emission light so we intend to change the the fogli from the the gasoline to the the electric fogli so something like that we Have to the project to install the the roof rooftop solar roof rooftop solar in the roof yeah so I I I think it's the the the good way to redu the CO2 emission yeah I

think it's so if bman can uh reach that goal so we can uh have uh many advantage in the market yeah okay good okay um I think Singapore site uh we are Grace say we have to transit to PD because I think uh so far our green labor our our green product listing is All self decoration now so what what I know is we don't have actually a a there's four tis these of things but there's no actually marking you just self declare you just say that you're doing uh maybe recycling these of things you're

putting effort then uh you get uh two tick three tick four tick something like there but there's not really maybe any marks to say uh how good are you then we don't really look at uh creater to Creator creater to great at this Point of time so I think uh the major developer in Singapore already sign up saying that they will be progressively using more materials that has epd or some of the projects will face issue where uh your product must have epd before it can be considered to be used in Singapore that is why

uh my company is uh or we are representing companies or or manufacturers that that are that are looking to looking to go for epds or submit their own epds or to start to Start their progress of doing epds so carbon footprint is a small step for us my understanding is carbon footprint is just one one small component of epd so that's why we are here to attend this CA yeah same thing Malaysian also the same thing going for the same thing yeah looks like the ending so uh we'll talk later I believe there's another Ching

session ask to go back to the room yeah okay see you guys okay By recording in progress hi uh are we all back almost okay so I just wanted to to just emphasize right the importance of this uh little discussion on um climate change on the construction industry if let's say you are in the business of manufacturing where you are actually having a factory and you are manufacturing products for the construction industry for the built Environment climate change can impact you because of either the heavy rains so you could be your factory if it's in

a lowline area you could be impacted by floods um if let's say you are very dependent on clean water supply for your production you may find that during hot weather months when there's drought uh you're not going to get the water you need uh you may also find that power supply could be restricted in times when um the Energy drawn from the GD needs to be supplied for the domestic sector instead of the industrial sector this has happened in China okay so I know that in some provinces during the summer months um because of the

amount energy needed for the domestic for the homes right uh the government actually made that decision to give only the manufacturing sector the industrial areas 5 hours or 6 hours of electricity and then for the rest of the day if you want to continue Your operations you have to have your backup diesel gen set otherwise your workers will go home so this has an impact on your operational output okay so it depends on what what kind of industry you're in where you're located uh what kind of geographical um weather changes you're going to be exposed

to this could have an impact on your business so that's what we call the physical risk okay then you also have what we call the transitional risk which Is actually um when policy changes when regulations change um whether it's BC locally um sgx Acra and so on they come up with new regulations for climate reporting um you know your customers are now requiring for new disclosures so all this is a transition risk all right where your customers are asking for new things and you need to be prepared for uh changes in the industry okay so

there's a there's a So-Cal combination of both the physical risk and the Transition race when you need to consider the impact it has on your business any questions before I move on so the next portion I'm going to be talking about is the standards okay I'm going to move on to standards so um we'll take a break at 10:30 so what I'm going to do is I'm going to try and finish this um in time for the break so uh before I go into all this Nitty Gritty right about the standards maybe I just um

ask everyone To think true okay um I'm going to share with you two terms and then you tell me which term appli to you sustainable business or sustainable products which one are you sustainable business or sustainable product or are you both both really yeah products for me okay so I I know all of you are very good when it comes to sustainable product can you tell me how you are a sustainable Business If the product is not sustainable I think no no no no no no totally different totally different sustainable business is different from sustainable

product okay they are looking at different standards and different metrics of measurement so let's let's talk about sustainable business anyone here can tell me your sustainable business and share why why do you think you you call yourself a sustainable Business so a sustainable business is very different from a sustainable product how can you be a sustainable business I in my opinion I think uh sustainable business uh because uh we for sample the bment uh we looking we focus on the stolder uh we focus on the stolder and uh um the people the people and we

want to uh sustainable business uh effectively for the especially you look after your people Right yes look after people so you have special So-Cal um uh So-Cal special programs or special efforts to ensure their welfare and benefits for your employees yes ah very good very good so that's an example of sustainable business so when we talk about sustainable business remember okay if let's say your customer comes to you and they say hey can you please tell me how how sustainable you are so you can I you can go down two paths you can go down

Either the sustainable business path or you can go down the sustainable product path if you sustainable product means that you have all that you know the recycle content you know it's like very low carbon and all that stuff right that's a sustainable product that means you're making it you're making a sustainable product that outcome that final product is very I don't know environmentally friendly and so on but nobody knows Whether you use Force labor to go and make that product or child labor right uh so that's where the sustainable business comes in and that's where

you're going to say ah we ensure that all our workers are working in you know safe conditions you know U their welfare and benefits are are well looked after and so on okay so that's the sustainable business and a sustainable product so what I'm going to be sharing with you now is actually standards for uh carbon Footprint of the products and organization so I'm going to be covering both but these do not actually um bring out the sustainable aspect just to let you know so the sustainable aspect there's also the social aspect so please please

don't forget about that you know when you start thinking about your business whatever we're going to covering here is largely all the environmental portion okay but there's also that that Social aspect of things please don't forget okay about the people who are making that product who are they you know um are they being paid fairly are they being treated uh fairly without discrimination you know and U safe safe working conditions and so on okay so let me move on to products so we have have um so-call standards for actually looking at uh carbon so cfp

stands for carbon footprinting all right sub carbon footprint uh you can measure the you can Actually do the calculations for the carbon footprint of organizations and products and it will be different because when you actually make a product so I'm going to show you my watch okay so this watch has a combination of a metal a metal component here it's got like a clear plastic it's got like a a rubber strap and then it's got like a battery so when I talk about a product I need to think about everything that went in to make

it when I talk about the organization it's about the factory that made this product okay so you need to be very clear what are you measuring are you measuring the factory that made this product because don't forget the factory may not necessarily make this product not only the factory could be making a combination or a range of products so when we do the organization carbon footprint is looking at the whole Factory all your all your blocks right all the vehicles that you own all the factories that you own all right but when I look at

the product which is the second one it is just this watch what is the carbon footprint associated with the manufacturing of this watch so that is the keyence any question so far we need to get this like 100% clear right before I move on any questions on organization vers Product so those of you let's say for example I know some of you here could be making cement or could be making other things when you look at the the carbon footprint for Cen you actually looking at the raw material that went in so think about your

sand your lime your your clinker whatever right all that stuff that went in the ash that is what we call your cover footprint of your product but then when we talk about organization I'm talking about your Factory okay and your factory in Malaysia or your factory in Singapore your factory in Thailand wherever that may be which Factory has you know which Factory do you want to include in your organizational carbon footprint if let's say this particular Cen is made only in Thailand but your customer comes to to you and say I want to know the

carbon footprint for your organization then you say he but my organization is a group no I have multiple factories across all of Southeast Asia so then when I give this number to my customer it's actually for my whole group I may not want to give specific Factory information because I could be quite you know it could be quite sensitive right so I may consolidate the information I may say yeah this is my group information okay so you all have to think carefully what is it that your customer is asking for what is it that you

are committing whether it's for Bidding or to your customers and so on is it organization or is it product then the data that you're going to be collecting will be different amount of time needed to actually pull together the calculations will also be different generally for organizations when you pull together that information you're looking at data for the last one year it's the same for products as well if I'm going to do carbon footprint for my watch I'll need to know for the Manufacturing process for this watch right so they'll look at on average for

the last one year data when I made this watch how much electricity was used how much raw material was used how much um of the other so-called electricity was used during Transportation warehousing and so on Just for this watch so of course you will look at the total annual production okay so that is product level versus organization level where I look at all my tree Factories questions okay if there's no questions then that means we are all clear on the difference between product and organizations so when we look at organizations I'll start off with the

first one we actually have got 14064 standard and a ghd protocol these are very common standards the the most typical standards that we use for accounting for organizations this one tells you how to set up the greenhouse Gas inventory that means the 14064 part one greenhouse gas protocol also tells you how to do the accounting for greenhouse gases so there are certain principles and requirements you need to follow these standards will not tell you where to find your emission factors they will not tell you how to do the calculations all right so the calculations will

need to be So-Cal learned separately the standards do not tell you how to do the Calculations um under the products is the same thing as well uh they will tell you all the requirements the guidelines specifications and so on principles and requirements but again they do not tell you where to find the standards where to find the emission factors so that's a separate thing that you need to acquire on yourself on your owner okay question so far can I ask uh SC in the followup training session on carbon footprint would that cover both or just

cover one Of them oranization and product can I ask I I will actually teach you organizations today oh okay scope one scope two I will cover today but it's just the products one that I don't cover into you just said ear yeah yeah but the carbon the carbon footprint for the products right the one that is done for sgbc is actually a very simplified version right of the iso 14067 okay yeah so we we do not go in depth into the actual like NR required For every single line item because if we did that right

nobody will be able to complete the report right so say after today's training if we learn the scope one scope two for organizations scope scope two yes and you will have an idea you will have an idea of what is the difference between the product carbon footprint versus your LCA versus your epd and and if we learn from today and then we can um prepare the the uh the the assessment on of our company in Terms of comprint and then we can sear engage a third party consultant to verify our assessment uh depends on whether

you are submitting it for hgbc purpose or you're submitting it to your customer so if you're doing it for SG sgbc uh sgbp certification I think James mentioned earlier they will try to organize a separate session for all of you who need to do that reporting yeah I think it's for both it's for sgbc and also for Other customers because they for other customers one they will need a lot more details so that is where I'm going to be sharing with you as well okay yeah so I I will share with you the expectations okay

right and what why you will not be able to accomplish that in half a day okay so we must be yeah we must manage we must align our expectations okay okay okay so 14064 part one looks at the Principles and requirements at organization level okay so for those of you who need to do the greenhouse gas reporting for organizations for your factories and so on this is the standard that you want to read okay in addition to the greenhouse gas protocol and then this other one is actually for the product itself so the first step

in before you start data collection before you even tell call or consultant to help you I Think you need to be very clear what you're trying to achieve is it for a organization or for a product then once you're clear on that I think it's easier to talk to Consultants or to actually find softwares to support your whatever you need to do okay 14067 is a little bit different because they are looking specifically only at the carbon footprint of a product and if you notice this what it says carbon footprint which means that it's really

only looking at The carbon content remember I mentioned to you that um when you actually uh do this carbon footprint right there's also something called the LCA and then there's the epd so when you actually look at the the entire life cycle of a material let's say for example when I make this watch I I will have waste material produced right because when I cut this thing you know there's raised rubber there's like odd shapes and so on and that material Maybe I cannot recycle so I will send this waste to incineration or I may

send this waste to landfill and then when I do all the diee you know all the colors here there will be waste material waste liquids that I need to dispose of maybe it's hazardous waste maybe it's nonhazardous way but whatever the case I still need to call a third party to go and dispose for me all this Environ mental impact will be covered in an LCA I repeat H when you make a product all the waste that you generate all right and not only the waste that you generate but also during the use of the

product during the disposal or end of life of the product there will be an environmental impact this environmental impact is not assessed are not calculated for or not accounted for in a carbon footprint carbon footprint just talks about making of This now I need to also consider the environmental impact so environmental impact right of the bu the so-called waste that is generated and even things like during the use of the product does it give up emissions right at the end of life is there any emissions involved you know can I can it go for ination

or does it go for recycling so all this is what we call the LCA life cycle assessment where you look at the environmental impact as well product carbon footprint Does not look at the environmental impact it only looks at emissions questions at this stage before I move on so in other words when you do an LCA a life cycle assessment you will consider the carbon footprint as one component okay so if you do an LCA and you only after that your your boss says hey I don't need the food LCA I only need product carbon

footprint so then you will just extract you only Extract the carbon emissions from this whole report so the LCA is is actually a a very extensive report that comprises the carbon the calculations of the carbon together with the environmental impacts I need everyone to be very clear on this first okay so what is the standard that we use for LCA typically is 14040 and 14044 so if someone comes to you and they say I need a product carbon Footprint you ask them what what standard they needed to be based on if they tell you I

need product carbon footprint on 1404 is there a problem with that product carbon footprint the standard that we typically used is 14067 if somebody tells you 14040 it is no longer a product carbon footprint it becomes an LCA okay so be very careful when your customer tells you can you do it or can You not do it right I want to see this report can you give me a epd or okay you give me a LCA or can you give me a PCF right so it's important to understand from them what standard do they expect

it to be you know prepared based on are we all good then I'll move on so so epd it has to look at the whole life cycle yes epd is epd is like an extension of an LCA because you have the third party coming in and then it go into a Database okay so the easiest is the 14067 it's I wouldn't say it's the easiest because you still need work to be done but but it's it's a much small yes yes smaller scope that's right no yeah but you still would not want to do it

manually you might want to use the software to do it okay yeah okay all good H all understand the difference between product carbon Footprint LCA okay I haven't spoken about epd yet so you can you can hold back on that first but we need to be very clear what is the difference between product carbon footprint and LCA okay all right so if you look at this one here this is just to kind of map all the different standards together um if you don't see the the how they are actually associated with one another don't worry

about it okay this one even If you you you just understand a little bit you don't really fully understand it's fine because many times we never actually see uh some of these standards okay normally we are only looking at this one here all right and we will probably see this one here I don't think you will see this document and I don't think you will see this document most of the time you will only see 14044 14040 all right and then 14067 okay but basically when you use a Particular standard sometimes there are supplementary standards

that will explain how you actually interpret the requirements okay but if you're confused by this don't worry you just look at this one here the three standards you need to take note of is 14067 for product carbon footprint LCA 14040 and 14044 just these just these three standards for now okay and I'll move on okay I have all the other uh soal iso400 series Standards put inside here FYI you don't have to drown in them okay it's just here in case one day you wondering hey I can't remember last time gra 1404 or 14044 what

is it so you can come back here and look at it okay now if you need to purchase um any of the standards where do you normally purchase them from anyone if you need to purchase standards where can you buy them from I'm sharing I'm sharing a helpful link For all of you you need to buy standards where do you buy them from don't tell me photocopy from friend I get it from Professor okay okay okay I show your I show your proper link okay okay all right so um you can go to Singapore standards

eShop let me see if I can get the link out for all of you so Singapore standards eShop right uh we'll have all the different standards that we just spoke about just one Minute okay and I'm going to explain to you um like how to actually buy the standards so all you need to do right is look for the SS version so let's say for example I look for 14064 okay um you can you will notice that they have a SS in front of it SS means that it's been adopted by the Singapore standards that

means the Singapore set up like a Bo um I would say like a an advisory committee or you Know a team to look into the standard to see whether any uh minor adjustments need to be made for the Singapore adoption of this standard so once you buy the Singapore standard it will be a lot cheaper as compared to the iso standard and the contents are still like 100% the same okay so if you need to buy a copy of the standard this is a good place to go to Singapore standards eShop you can see it's

$45 if you were to go to the iso website to Purchase it is about $200 over dollars okay so those of you who need standards this is um a good place to go to all right so you can look for all the Singapore standards uh whether it's 14064 1404 14067 and so on I believe they've all adopted the SS version so it's a lot more affordable now okay any questions if no questions then what I'll do is I'll take a break and then when we come back I will actually start um on the next section

Which is the scope one two and three emissions and we'll try to do the calculations before lunch because normally after lunch the numbers will move cells by themselves it's hard to focus on numbers after lunch so we'll try to do the calculations before lunch any questions if no questions we'll do 15 minutes and we come back at 1045 [Music] sorry I have one question so you Mentioned to purchase a standard I don't really understand what do you mean by purchase no I say if you need to buy a standard because sometimes you ask me right

Grace do you have the 14067 that you can share with me and I will say no I can't do that because all this is copyrighted it's sold only to an individual to the company right so if you need to purchase a standard right as you need to get a proper copy of it this is a good place To go to right it's digital and it's it's a lot cheaper than buying the iso version understood thank you all right all good then okay so we'll see everybody again at 10:45 okay see you later recording stopped e

e e e e E e e e recording in progress e hi for those of you who are back uh could you kindly turn on your camera so I know I can start okay so I'm actually going to be uh covering the scope one scope two and scope three emissions calculations now and um just to just to again refresh Everyone's memory when we do this calculation is it for product or for organizations when we do scope one two and three um calculations is it actually intended for products or for organization organization yeah I think it's

organization that's right that's right okay so when we talk about products there's no more scope one two and three when we talk about products we will have different stages so when we talk about Products later on you I will show you they will have A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 and so on okay so when we start to talk about organizations then there is this scope one scope two scope three so if you get a request from your customer and your customer says I'm I'm interested to do business with you but I want

to know what is your uh organization's ghg uh so-called um data or your footprint okay so then you can clarify of them okay I can show you my scope one and scope two Numbers okay um maybe don't promise scope three I'll will explain to you why later on okay scope one and scope is generally easier to consolidate compound and calculate whereas scope tree gets a little bit trickier okay so for a start you can do a scope one and scope two so let me just start off first by going through um carbon footprint okay of

food you all do carbon footprint of products food also has got a very high carbon footprint so if you can see here beef Beef has got very high carbon footprint eat less beef okay anyone all right um you know why beef has so much uh uh so has such a high carbon footprint no unusual to have right they consume lots of grass no because the cow okay again this is not the fult of the cow but the cow gives off meane oh all right front and back okay so so this is not the fault of

the cow the cow is is is built that way right so unfortunately ruminants so you Don't only see in cows you in sheep and and goats and so on um they actually release a lot of methane through the yeah through the through the and it's specifically meane and and this it's it's like a greenhouse gas you see so the the greenhouse gas is released from the front they bu so when the cows eat they burp so they release meane from the front and then when they poop when they you know discharge their waste there also

main inside there all right so um Front and back it's not going to be beneficial for the environment that's why they say eat less beef right so um beef has one of the highest impacts in terms of the meat so it's almost um so this one here is actually 15 kg per serving just take note it's per serving all right so I don't know how many servings of beef you eat but um it can be quite substantial if let's say you're buying by kilos okay um so this just some trivia For you so your lifestyle

actually does have an impact on emissions as well all right so um when it comes to energy and Emissions right there are two numbers that we need to be aware of now what I'm going to be teaching you is actually emissions there's another figure which is for energy and that's a slightly different number because when you actually do combustion of a fuel you typically will have both energy and Emissions energy is like food that you Eat if you eat a bowl of rice the amount of energy that you get right from that bowl of rice

the number of calories you get that's the energy what comes out tomorrow that's the emissions so what I'm actually going to be teaching you is the calculation of the emissions and when we do the calculations we need to be aware that fossil fuels have been formed over millions of years okay so when you do the combustion of a fossil fuel all this chemical energy and Greenhouse gases will be released and different fuels will emit different amounts of CO2 in relation to the energy they they they produce when they are burned so when you burn coal

when you burn diesel when you burn petrol you will get different amounts of CO2 okay so sometimes you will hear something this phrase they will say coal is a dirty fuel right why is coal a dirty fuel later on I'll show you the spreadsheet The amount of energy produced per weight of the coal is about half that of other fuels like LG like natural gas so so to generate the same amount of energy that I want from coal I need to burn twice the volume of coal that's why you know the amount of emissions that

will be produced will be very substantial okay that's why they say coal is a dirty fuel because it's not very efficient in terms of Energy okay let me move on all right so when we do greenhouse gas accounting um there are typically six greenhouse gases that we need to to monitor or that we typically calculate carbon dioxide methane nitrous oxide hfc's per fluorocarbons and Sul hexafluoride um if you use refrigerants you know your air conditioning units if you're in your office now and you use Split unit airon or if you're home you use Split unit

Airon do you know what refrigerant you're using anyone so the refrigerant that you use is actually what we call our hfc's and that is also a greenhouse gas okay so every time you ask the airon guy to come and top up your airon it's because there's been a leak of greenhouse gas there's been a leak of refrigerant and once there's a leak of refrigerant you do that top up this is technically adding On to your inventory so in your company level someone needs to also keep track of how much eon top up you are doing

if you're doing Eon top up too frequently it means that obviously there's there's a very bad leak okay so you're inadvertently releasing a lot of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and later on I'll show you something called the global warming potential which shows you how bad all Right your refrigerant is okay depending on which one you're using okay so why do companies want to develop all this inventory um because of compliance reasons because they want the manage RIS and opportunities it could be that uh they are part of a voluntary reporting program such as CDP

uh they could also be doing things like early voluntary action maybe they're trying to to be a Pioneer a hit start in the industry and also participation in carbon markets in Singapore you can't really sell the carbon credits um doesn't work that way in Singapore in some other countries especially like the EU where you have a European Union uh emission trading scheme uh if let's say you did not hit the the limit set by The Regulators you can sell the exess that you know you didn't use so let's say for example Regulators will say okay

the cap for manufacturing is 50,000 tons CO2 and then let's say our company was very good We only produce 3,000 30,000 tons this year so technically we have an excess of 20,000 tons of CO2 that we did not hit so this exess can be sold as a credit it becomes like a tradable commodity in the context of Singapore we don't have this scheme in the context of Singapore is a tax regime whereby the moment you exceed 25,000 tons then uh of course you are considered a taxable facility and you will pay the carbon tax so

if you didn't hit then good for you but if you cross That limit then you pay your tax but I understand that the tax is actually paid from the first dollar and not only when you cross the 25,000 limit okay so that's how the regulations work in Singapore any questions so far okay so uh standards that we're going to be using for our calculations um I just put this here FYI you don't have to download and read it now okay uh after today you know in case you forget what I've shared with you you can

go back Into this document the greenhouse gas protocol right this is the general principles this one here is specifically for scope two and this one here is for scope Tre okay so I won't go into details of scope Tre but I'll give you an overview but in case you need to go in into the technicalities of how to calculate then you can reference this document here okay so let's do the Scopes this is TE generally the most exciting part or It could be the one that um you know tears causes you to tear your hair

out all right so scope one emissions is actually direct emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the organization all right examples are uh heating cooling company own vehicles uh emissions coming from refrigerants as well as agriculture emissions like from the cows imagine I got a farm and on my farm I have 100 cows so all the mean is given off by the cows that's Agricultural emissions uh on-site electricity generation could be let's say in a context of an oil pump company uh I harvest all the oil pump and then I end up with

all the palum kernel the shell and I don't want to call a waste vendor to come and clear this for me instead I do on-site combustion of this Palm kernel so I burn this biomass and then I generate a lot of heat right and this heat is um soal converted into electricity to power the whole of my uh Plantation so this is what we call on-site electricity generation I don't think you'll see a lot of it in Singapore's context all right but most of the time scope one emissions in Singapore's context would be for example

uh backup generator sets as well as company owned Vehicles as well as refrigerants these are the three most common ones for Singapore context questions okay except M scope one okay scope two are indirect emissions from Sources that are own or controlled by the organization why it is indirect emission is because here you are not actually directly responsible for the combustion of the of the fuel to to give you the emissions or you're not directly responsible for the the emissions so it's coming from an indirect source and in many in many uh cases scope to most

commonly is tiped to electricity usage so what happens is let's say for example I have a power provider the power Provider will make the decision as to what goes into his Energy Mix he may be burning natural gas he may be burning coal he may be burning other things like waste to energy but whether what go what comes out as the emission is not your is not directly tied to your responsibility that's why it's in a way indirect emissions however that electricy is used to power your office so this space is owned or controlled by

You so that becomes a scope two emissions okay so electricity is generally scope two emissions okay I'm sorry how about about electricity how about uh these so uh that one is a scope one so if if you use the diesel in your plant let's say in your factory you have diesel you use diesel for heating or for running F lives and so on that's a scope one but if you use uh just like electricity for Us to run or our our plant we use uh Diesel and also what call um petrol Diesel and petrol is

good one straight away electricity will be a scope too okay I mean the okay we have to classify the scope separately because when we do our calculations we need to report scope one and scope two and then when we when we classify this information we need to ensure that we have considered all the entities under our Organization okay so in many cases uh companies will only report the factory that is responsible for producing that material they do not talk about their entire operation so for example for example if if let's say I am sustainer group

sustainer group has got operations in Singapore Malaysia Thailand Philippines Technically when I do greenhouse gas accounting I am supposed to include the greenhouse gas uh numbers for the whole group but if let's say I I Don't report the rest is not very correct not very complete okay so it's good practice to include entities from the whole group when you report for an organization unless you tell me I'm not reporting suster group I'm reporting sustainia Singapore and then that's a different story okay so your boundary and scope is just for sustainer Singapore but if you want

to say sustainer group then you have to make sure you have covered all The other entities below it question so far all right for for the sculpture so if uh our Factory use the the rooftop solar so the the the emission factor is zero yeah zero okay but but but I must have a but when you install the solar panels on your rooftop is the energy from the solar panels going directly into your factory or did you sell it back to the grid to the factory to the factory not But not on maybe the the

uh 30% of the of our demand no problem so that means whatever that's generated at the rooftop it will go into your factory first true yeah so you did not enter into any agreement to sell this to the no we we have we have we have the zero export before the okay that's good that's good that's very clear because okay some companies they enter into something what we call a PPA power purchase agreement what this means is that they have the solar panel on the rooftop but whatever is generated they sell it back to the

grid once they do that they cannot claim for themselves you you can't say hey I generated uh solar energy and I use it in my factory no you did not because you now have sold it back to the grid that's double Counting so once you sell to somebody you can't claim for Yourself anymore I know yeah okay good any other questions okay sorry one question so if uh that say my company purchase clean energy okay this is this is what this is an agreement you have with your energy provider yeah right that a certain percentage

or a I I don't not know all or some of it is actually coming from a renewable source right yeah then in this case um we still need to consider it in the scope to so normally what they will Tell you is they will tell you uh how many percent of the energy is actually renewable right yeah yeah so let's say for example you have uh 100 kilowatt hours of electricity that you have used and they tell you that 20% of this is actually renewable M so if 20% is renewable that means only 80% will

come from the grid yeah so the 20% that's renewable there will not be emissions associated with it right so you just need to Account for the rest that is not okay but you need to make sure that the bill States very clearly in some cases the energy provider will give you something called The Grid emission Factor as well if they have that then you can use their number I'll explain later what's a great emission factor is unique for every country because of the power mix that they use got it okay so scope Tre emissions Are

anything that happen in your value chain so there are 15 categories for scope Tre anything from employee travel and commuting waste disposal Waste Water treatment transportation and distribution okay all this it becomes part of your scope tree Our advice to many companies is to actually do your scope one and two properly before you start doing your scope three the reason is because scope Tre is never ending the moment you open Up scope Tre it just gets bigger and bigger and bigger so before you start scope three I think you better get a good graphs of

your scope one and two make sure all the numbers are correct okay so I'm going to go into calculations if there's no questions on scope one and two okay let me just yeah sorry but uh for the the CP report so is is is it Deary to report the the to to calculate the sculpt Tre to the the cfp okay carbon footprint of a product is Different from organizations I shared with you earlier when you talk about carbon footprint of product remember we have stages the Cradle raw material all the way until manufacturing distribution Ware

housing until end of life yeah so the thinking when you do carbon footprint is different from organization so if you need to submit the report for carbon footprint of product we will have a separate sgbc is is probably going to organize a separate Session for that one so that we we have to think differently now I'm teaching you is for the scope one and two for your organizations yeah however some of this information you will still be able to apply when you do for product yeah okay so I'm just going to read that question so

your company has a long-term contract for vehicles to transport employees from home to factory and the vehicles run on diesel would this be Considered scope three or scope one so first of all is this contract is a service contract or is a vehicle contract meaning I engage a third party to transport my workers but this com this car or this bus that I contract who who has control over it if it's a third party right and the third party is just offering you a service right this could actually come potentially under the scope Tre employee

Commuting okay but if let's say for example you own the vehicle you have control over the vehicle then most likely it's going to be a scope [Music] one so CH does that answer your question so uh I I don't know if that answers your question okay oh good all right let me move on Okay so I have here a diagram just to illustrate scope one scope two scope three okay um it is important to define the Scopes carefully because the moment you do data collection if you are collecting it from the wrong uh entities or

the wrong assets that could create a problem in the accuracy of your data okay so it's it's important to Define your boundaries and the entities that you want to collect the data from before you start doing your calculations So I brought in this life cycle analysis and carbon footprint I I just tried to use an analogy to explain to you in case some of you are still confused okay when we look at scope one and scope two okay it's like looking at you know a what is the cost of one slice of cake okay when

we start thinking about the raw materials what goes into making the cake it becomes a carbon footprint of product when we start thinking about what's the impact of eating the cake again diabetes You know risk of hypertension and so on then that becomes like a life cycle analysis okay so it's just to give you an idea using analogy of a cake right what's the difference between organizational ghg versus carbon footprint versus LCA so the LCA of course is going to cover a lot more so um just now one of the questions asked was do I

you need to use scope one two and three for life cycle analysis or carbon foood print Technically you you need to cover all of it but it's just that the terms that we use the terminology for carbon footprint and life cycle analysis you will never see the word scope one scope two scope three they will always use the words raw material manufacturing and then after that U distribution transportation and then end of life so those are the terms that you will see uh when you actually uh do Carbon footprint and life cycle analysis okay all

right so these are the sources of greenhouse gases that we need to consider all right when we do our computation so if let's say you do natural gas heating anyone wants to give it a try would this be scope one scope two or scope three let's say for example in my factory I need to use natural gas for heating is this a scope one two or three anyone scope one one yeah that's right that's right okay natural gas will Be a scope one good water one no trick question here nope three why because water is

a purchase Goods or service okay so some of you will challenge me and you say but I harvest rain water on my rooftop okay then I agree with you there's no emissions associated with that however if you need a pump to transfer the water from the rooftop into to your factory then the Palm runs on diesel Then the Palm becomes a scope one okay because if you use diesel that one is a scope one but if the water on its own you harvest from nature and so on there's no emissions associated with it you dig

a well you pull the water out of the well with your hand there's no scope associated with it you take a palm the Palm runs on electricity there's a scope tool okay but in the context of Singapore Water is a purchase goods and service so it's a scope tree okay electricity use assuming you buy it from the grid scope one scope two or scope three two y that's right good so electricity use a scope two business travel three that's right now the difference is if let's say I'm very I'm very I'm a very rich company

and I own a jet then the jet runs on Aviation fuel right so then this becomes a scope What one that's right okay so imagine the Singapore Airlines and so on they own the fleet of aircraft all that is a scope one okay but if you are buying a Soc called ticket then that becomes your scope tree okay that's your employee Community sorry that's your business travel okay uh vehicle company F you so I have trucks and I have lores and all of them run on diesel what scope is that one one one very good

if let's say I'm Very well I Chang my vehicles no now all of them are actually electric vehicles so the electric vehicles will pluck into the grid right yeah so scope what still one two because I okay the moment I take electricity it becomes a scope two okay now air conditioning if let's say there's wait wait wait wait wait heaven heaven I wait so air conditioning if let's say there's refrigerant leakage that will be a Scope refrigerant one one yes refrigerant leak is a scope one but if air con use electricity is a scope two

two that's right okay and then the we sent for incineration three three good so Y when you collect your data you please be very careful if you are only going to to collect data for scope one and two focus on scope one and two don't end up collecting scope three data questions before I move on to Calculations okay so now I'm going to share with you where to collect the data from uh if you do if you look at your natural gas heating or your electricity or your vehicle travel you could be looking at bills

to collect the data uh just take note that when you collect the data don't collect dollar value I'm not interested to see how much you for your petrol I want to see the absolute volume of petrol you purchase so it's the liters right or the metric cube of gas Or something like that so or the kilowatt hours of electricity so we want to see Absolute Data the numbers not the value okay not the dollar value and um I have this little exercise okay before we move into the calculations I think this might be actually helpful

for some of you who who own spaces and then um don't know how to classify it okay so we can just do this together as a group we don't need to break out into rooms all right now let's say for example I'm Going to prepare a sustainability report or I'm going to do like a uh so-called carbon calculations for a shopping mall the mall has 35,000 gross square feet leible area and 82 tenants there are common areas such as the playground open air Arena toilet staircases and walkway so like for many uh shopping malls they

have common areas and then some of it they Le out to tenants so Lighting in tenanted area can be controlled by the tenant whereas the airon is controlled Centrally so the mall I'm the mall owner I control what temperature setting I want it to be 25 throughout so it'll be 25 okay so what should I report under uh scope one 2 and three for the shopping mall okay so electricity from common area would it be my scope one two or three and I am the shopping mall okay one remember electricity is always a tool unless

you have onsite all right so this is a tool if it's used by the Tenant no if it's used by a ton we carve it out we put it a tree tree yes scope tree okay electricity from Air Conditioning two two that's right if I use water just now I told you already right water is yeah so purchase goods and service that's right scope Tre and then if it's used in the fot CT Tre po potentially tree and and maybe you might even cut it out you might not even include It because the foot C

is not my operations this is actually my Tenon no right so you may want to carve this out okay a fuel use from generator sets yeah so that means I got back up Genet this becomes my one okay so we all happy one two and threes H okay let's move on all right so I'm going to teach you how to calculate the emissions now all right uh there's something called an emission factor and that's actually a unit right Of uh emissions like Greenhouse amount of greenhouse gas that's emitted based on a unit of activity and

this unit of activity can be tied to for example um per kilowatt hour of electricity that's been produced or per liter of fuel that has been used so um I'm just going to skip this first I'll go to the more tricky one okay uh when we actually look at the greenhouse gases from the combustion of fuel we are going to be looking at three different greenhouse Gases uh carbon dioxide methane and nitrous oxide so carbon dioxide is CO2 methane is CH4 nitrous oxide is n2o uh when you actually have three different greenhouse gases you cannot

add them together it's like apple orange and pear even though they are fruits you cannot add them together so you need to find a common denominator and what do we use we use something called a global warming potential because this allows us to compare the global warming impacts of Different greenhouse gases so um it tells us how much energy one ton of gas will absorb over a given period of time compared to one ton of carbon dioxide meaning that carbon dioxide is used as the basis for comparison all the other greenhouse gases will be compared

to carbon dioxide so the larger the GW P the more the given gas warms the up compared to CO2 the time period used is typically 100 years and um this is how the scientists are actually using um gwp Values to compare the performance right of greenhouse gases that's been emitted by different countries or different companies all right so again these numbers are international numbers is not specific to Singapore so wherever you go in a world everyone's using the same set of numbers uh we have something called the fourth assessment fifth assessment and sixth assessment report

which are studies done by scientists over the years the six Assessment report was the latest one published in 2021 you can see that in comparison to carbon dioxide you have mean nonfossil so where do you think the non-fossil comes from fossil fuel comes from the fossil fuel right so like your coal your petrol and so on where do you think the non-fossil comes from yeah yeah yeah the cows literally the cows sorry bio gas yeah bi bio gas yeah possible and also like uh Patty you know When you plant your your Patty you you plant

rice when you flat the Patty FS you actually release me so next day I'm going to tell you don't eat rice everybody okay so anyway there's a lot of activities that release me all right so um yeah we really need to sometimes look at our lifestyle okay okay then after that there's nitrous oxide nitrogen Tri floride and sufur hex floride so these are just a snapshot of Some of the gases the full list of the gases can be found in this document what I need to to show you here is that over the years they

have un so discovered more about the the different gases and therefore the values have changed um there is no right there is no wrong to using ar45 or6 um in the context of Singapore our regulate when they set their uh National nationally determined contribution or what we call ndcs uh under the Paris agreement they have used Ar5 so that means if you look at our our government when they announced to the world you know what is Singapore's Target for emissions reduction and so on all the calculations were made on ar5 okay so as an organization

in Singapore you can choose to use ar5 or if you want to use the lat numbers you can use AR6 our recommendation to our clients is to use ar5 okay um simply simply because uh in a context of Singapore I think ar5 is Still most commonly used and uh all all our targets that are done locally are all based on ar5 so so we would continue to use that until such time The Regulators change okay so if we use ar5 can you see that carbon dioxide is one nonmethane is uh non non fossil methane is

28 and methane fossil is 30 nitrous oxide is 265 okay now I'm going to show you the value for your refrigerant okay and I want you all to tell me what refrigerant Are you using anyone knows R 41 410 a r 410 a is not in this document data I pull out one more for you any others let me pull out that one any others anyone using R134 a uh yes ah see can you see the number there 1530 what this means is that 1 kg of R134 a is actually equivalent to 1530 kg of

CO2 okay so all of you who are using R134a for your refrigerant in your split Unit Aon every time you ask that service guide to top up one kilo just remember that that action has mean that 1,500 kg of CO2 technically has been emitted into the atmosphere already okay any other guesses hfc 32 32 here 771 that's a newer guess so it's more environmentally friendly [Music] friendly okay so does everyone know how to use this Table so this is actually the global warming potential okay so if we use ar5 then of course these are the

numbers if you use AR6 then these are the numbers okay so sorry Grace our curiosity so for this different um uh you know uh hfc yeah is there a cost implication you know just why why do different service providers use different types okay so first of all it's about the regulations in Singapore uh so regulations in Singapore Nea has already stipulated that certain uh gases need to be totally like eradicated because of the Montreal protocol which is damaging our ozone layer so that was the first step that that happened so some of them under the

Montreal protocol already include greenhouse gases so those greenhouse gases there's a deadline that they have to be faced out so that means if you are selling airon units and compressors and so on you are not allowed to sell those Uh compressors with those kind of refrigerants in Singapore starting from what year uh then the second the recommended now for sorry what's the recommended now because for lay men like us um yeah for lay men like us we always look at dollar value first right so in this list which is the of course you know uh

hfc 32 is the is one of the lowest longw correct so this is this of course yeah would be the more Friendly uh refrigerant okay compared to the R134a okay yeah so I think the older units are probably using R134a and then the newer ones are now using a 32 Francis you are you are probably in the eon eon that business right yeah but just curiosity you know like because they have different readings so what's stopping the service providers from using the lower ones yeah Francis you like to share uh yes uh of course uh

I understand that uh for R32 uh it is a regulation that all the residential air conditioners have to use hfc R32 but uh residential airons are uh generally much smaller in terms of design and much more compact so comparing to hfc134a hfc 1348 is usually used for a bigger kind of air conditioners like commercial air conditioners like like e chers uh but I believe that with the High gwp I believe that our government is also going to nowadays most of the cheaters are using hfo instead of hfc yeah so it's no longer a greenhouse gas

yep because you must remember um all this actually does contribute to Singapore's uh overall um emissions as well so and Singapore tells the world how much emission Singapore has H the government is obliged to report on power generation how much um emissions is coming from our Power plants how much emissions is actually coming from our waste management and then also things like refrigerant DEC and so on all this is also part of Singapore's um report card you want to put it that way so the government also has a so-called responsibility to ensure that all this

is reduced but they can't do it on their own they need to rope in the industry you want to reduce emissions coming from the power Stations you don't own the power stations so you must bring on board the power generators right and then you need to tell them to reduce emissions uh so so this is all I would say you really need inter Ministry and then the the public and the private uh collaborations in order for emissions reductions to happen yeah hope that answers your question okay so moving forward we should all look at lower

emissions Refrigerant when you actually purchase your air conditioning units so now you all know how to look at it you can bring out this list when you want to purchase your Eon you see what refrigerant they using okay let me move on no problem okay so we have this spread sheet um which is called emissions factors for cross- sector tools can I just find out if everyone has a copy of it so if we don't have it don't panic I'm going to teach you where to download it from okay so I'm going to share my

screen so that I can sh I'll share my internet screen so I can tell you where to download it from just one minute okay so um if everyone wants to go to the ghg protocol website okay so what I'm going to do is I'm going to put this link in the chat so that we can all click on it together okay this is ghg protocol website Okay once you on this website okay what you need to do is you go to calcul uh tools and resources and then you go to calculation tools and guidance okay

so I'll just wait for everyone to do that first are we all there yet where should I press actually um in my screen sorry oh I have to use the the the web itself to press or I have to press here uh I think you can go to the Zoom chat and then in the zoom chat you can find the link I see uh and then you can click on the ghg protocol link then once you're there you can go into the menu you look for tools and resources calculation tools and guidance yeah okay okay

once everyone is on this page can you go to this thing called emission factors and you download the worksheet emission factors that's right where Emission emission factors yeah that sh y okay okay so once you are there you download your worksheet already okay everyone downloaded the worksheet then you should be able to see this welcome yeah there's a welcome Peach hang on okay can everybody see my spreadsheet can everybody see my spreadsheet yes all good not yet okay hang on I think I must Re share hang on okay see it now yeah yes okay so

what we need to do is under welcome can everybody just take two minutes to read this for a while so this was last modified in March those are two yes that's right so it's very new okay and then they tell you here that this one has been prepared okay Um using the support of greenhouse gas Management Institute so these are all International uh platforms if you notice uh Singapore actually has set up their own emissions registry okay so Singapore has got their own emission factors now all right I can't remember if it's actually specific for

fuel or if they are actually using it for uh just the building products later if I have time I'll just pull it out for you to take a look as well so What I'm sharing with you onwards here all these are what we call emission factors or sources of emission factors you will not see this in the standard so you go and purchase the 14067 or the 14064 and so on they will not tell you what emission factors to use it is up to you to decide to make that that informed decision okay all right

now can you go to table of contents and you can see that basically there are multiple spreadsheets Here okay and these are the table titles and this is the source that they have used in order to come up with the emission factors in each of the worksheets here so the worksheet that we're going to be using for our calculations is called stationary combustion so I need everybody to go to stationary combustion scroll up and down you will see three tables table one table two and table three just don't Don't worry about the details just make

sure you can see all three tables first is everyone able to do that yeah okay so what is the significance of the three tables it means that for every fuel that you see on table one you will see this replicated on table two and table Tre which means that for every fuel type that you see here you need to consider a CO2 emission factor a CH4 emission factor and an n2o emission Factor because the combustion of a fuel will result in three greenhouse gases being produced CO2 CH4 and n2o everyone happy with that so far

okay now remember that when you multiply remember you saw the gwp values earlier this one here let me just pull that out again okay remember we saw this document earlier the gwp values okay now when you actually have 1 kg of Hfc okay this is actually equ hfc 32 this is actually equivalent to 677 kg I'm going to show you how you write that in words okay just give me one minute okay so let's say for example I have 1 kg hfc32 and based on this right ah I think they Lo it I'm just going

to make this Bigg so we can all see it okay if I have 1 kg of hfc32 okay just this greenhouse gas Based on the gwp value of a r Pi what was the gwp 677 very good okay so in other words one kg of hfc32 is actually equal to 6 677 multiply by 1 and that gives me 677 kg CO2 equivalent okay so this is this is how we actually use the the the so-called equivalent so you may have seen it before that sometimes at the end of the sentence you see a e at

the end e stands For equivalent so every time you multiply your greenhouse gas by a gwp value you get a equivalent so let's say for example now I don't give you hfc32 let's say I ask you now 1 kg of n based on ar5 what is the gwp value what was the gwp value 30 right so 1 kg of methane is actually equivalent to 1 * 30 which would have given me 30 kg CO2 Equivalent if I don't if let's say this one is no longer um let's say for example this this is not uh

1 kg let's say this becomes 2 kg okay so 2 kg of methane would just mean this becomes 2 * 30 can everyone follow so far so this is just to explain to you how we use the gwp values because the tab that I will share with you now you know under here right stationary combustion there are methane values here there are n2o Values right can you see here but you cannot add methane and n2o together you need to convert the methane to CO2 equivalent before you can add it together so all these numbers CO2

is CO2 this is fine but the CH4 has to be converted into CO2 equivalent before you can add it to CO2 and then the n2o must also be converted to let me see show you the n2o there you go n2o emission factors they have to be Converted to CO2 equivalent as well so which column in this worksheet do we look at we look at column I okay so I need you to go up to to the first table again okay and just look at column I okay so this is CO2 emission factors based on fuel

consumption data Supply on different measurement basis because the fuel can come to you in different in different states solid liquid or gas so when it comes to you as a liquid you Will use the emission Factor here if it comes to you as a solid you might want to use the emission Factor here sorry not solid if it comes to you as a weight you don't have the volume in liters but you have the weight you can use the emission factor from here and what these numbers mean is how many kg of CO2 is actually

produced based on the combustion of 1 lit of this fuel so for every 1 lit of moto gasoline which is petrol that under goes Combustion you get 2.28 kg of CO2 questions okay no questions I move on so this is the first part and then after that if you look in table two I need you to look for Moto gasoline under CH4 emission Factor so this was CO2 emission Factor now what I need you to do is to look for CH4 emission factor and look for Moto gasoline do you see it on 74 and do

you see the emission Factor here 0.033 however this is the methane Emission Factor based on the combustion of one liter of petrol you can't use this number directly this number has to be multiplied by the gwp value of 13 and then you will convert this to CO2 equivalent then you can add it together okay and the next step we need to do the same thing for n2o emission factor which is here row 139 this is the emission Factor okay so if you actually click on Each of the emission Factor you will notice that there's actually

a lot of numbers behind but what what they've done is they kind of like just give you the first five significant figures so I'm going to show you what I mean okay so I'm going to do a right click copy right click past values can you see this so those of you who still remember your maths 1.98 e minus 5 is the same as 1.98 * 10^ minus 5 If you copy this directly into the spreadsheet is perfectly okay Excel will recognize the E okay but why have I done this is because I want to

show you that the numbers here actually there are more digits behind it when we do our calculations we use all the digits we don't round up until the last step that is to ensure um as accurate numbers as possible so for every one of the emission factors we actually use all the digit so let me just show you this one Here so this is the CO2 emission Factor if I paste it can you see that is actually longer than 2.28 all right so when we do the calculations I normally use all the digits question so

far okay I'm going to show you the step by step now how to do the calculations let me go back to my slides one minute okay so I have put the step by step process in My slides in case you forget huh all right so if I need to calculate base the emissions let's say I need to calculate emissions based on 1,000 L of diesel first thing I need to do is locate the emission factor for diesel under table one emission factor is here for diesel okay 2.91 0 but when I click right click and

I copy the emission Factor will be much longer so this is the four numbers I'll take that multiply By 1,000 l i get this amount of K CO2 CO2 is CO2 there's no e at the end yet okay the E will only come when you multiply by global warming potential value under CH4 this is the emission factor for diesel okay 0.0039 you expand it you'll get 0. 0393 multiply by th000 you get this amount of methane however methane cannot be added onto mean cannot be added onto CO2 you need to multiply by the gwp Value

okay if I use AR6 ar5 was 30 but if I use AR6 I think it was 29.8 so if I use this number I end up with this amount of CO2 e equivalent because I'll take the main multiply by the gwp value if you did not multiply by the gwp there should not be an e agree yeah okay so if I look at your numbers and your numbers got no e is also a [Music] Problem because if your numbers got no e it means that you forgot to include the other Greenhouse guesses for organizations okay

all right next step I do the same thing for n2o n2o emission factor is this number expand it it becomes this multipli by th000 you get this amount N2 then you need to multiply it by your global warming potential value of 273 based on AR6 you get this amount of CO2 Equivalent and then the last step is to add all of them together so there's of course easier ways to do it you know you can you can create formulas and you can actually um make it more like you know one number is to include the

CO2 CH4 and n2o so there are many ways in which you can make this easier but what I've done is I've broken it down step by step for you so that you will understand how to check your calculations next Time so if somebody gives you um a Consolidated number and they say okay one liter of petrol okay this is the emission factor and then the number is like 2.92 kg CO2 e then you have to go and check no where did the 2.92 come from then you can ask your friend the one who gave you

the number can you show me the breakdown how you got it because otherwise it's very scary you don't know where they got the Source of this number from if they tell you oh I got it from from ipcc 2006 and so on then you can go back to the spreadsheet you can double check the emission factors okay based on AR values and so on questions have I is it clear enough because I'm doing this class online I really don't I'm sometimes worried that when we teach calculations online people tend to get a Bit lost so

I just want to make sure that we are all clear so far any questions can you digest it for a all of us uh for for for my idea so I think if anyone to to have the detail of the how to calculate zc emission so they can refer to the iso 14 uh 14,000 and uh 604 the one the one only shows you the principles and the requirements but it will not tell you what emission factor to Use yeah no emission factors inside there I I know but the the way to uh uh uh

we we get the the emission Factor so like ibcc for or CC no it's not in that document the standard does not tell you where to find the emission factors yeah yeah I can guarantee you because I also read the 14064 yeah so the standard will not tell you like for example if you do ISO 9000 ISO 9,000 is quality management system Right yeah okay so my question to you how do you measure customer satisfaction uh so uh I I I offer in company so uh we uh we set the the standard correct so you

come up you come up with your own method for calculating yeah it's the same for the iso so if you go to ISO 14064 they are not going to tell you which emission factor to use they'll say you need need to find a suitable emission Factor yeah yeah ah see then Tai one three two yeah yeah so it could be it could be region specific it could be industry specific and so on but the decision is up to you so what I'm doing today is I'm sharing with you some of the emission factors that are

used internationally right so everyone who's doing greenhouse gas accounting will be having access to these numbers that they can use for computing emissions okay so if you are in Singapore you may be using some Singapore specific numbers uh especially for electricity um if let's say you're in Malaysia you could be using some U specific numbers for Malaysia for electricity uh same for Philippines Hong Kong Taiwan and so on so I will cover that under the electricity grid emission factors but for fuel these are commonly used across the world unless you tell me there are specific

uh emission factors for Biodiesel or biop petrol used in your country so if you are actually uh doing the computation for the UK the United Kingdom there are specific emissions for uh biop petrol and biodiesel based on the blend if they have how many percentage of Bio blend then that is how we will do the calculation again but if we are not using the biofuel then this will be the standard numbers question so far are we all Okay we've only done fuel I haven't touched electricity yet so are we all okay first any questions okay

no questions then um the next portion would actually be to look at electricity so what I would like us to do first is to look at this one here for Singapore which is uh Singapore's grid emission factors so everyone wants to click on this link okay so if all of you click on this Link in the slide you should be able to go into a spreadsheet can I get everyone to do that first then I'll explain to you how it works we can press the link oh you kind of okay let me copy and paste

for you one minute okay I'm going to key this into the chat a did everyone manage to access it Now yeah greenhouse gas Protocol no not greenhouse gas protocol it's great emission factors industrial factors yeah it's in the chat I just put it in the EMA one so you should have something called SES this one let me share this everyone get this EMA yeah that's right that's did youall get this no where is it it will go into your downloaded documents oh yeah yeah go into because I think straight away once You click on it

right it goes into downloads so you go to your downloads folder and you look for it in there SCS 2023 right yes yes that's right kind what all it will automatically download as a spreadsheet on your laptop uh so you go to down here somewhere here under downloads you should be able to see it is everybody there it yeah okay good anyone having difficulties Getting this file um let me know that I can just help you make sure you get it okay so what we're going to do now is we're going to go into T

2.4 I don't need you to to drown in the other tabs okay can you please just go to T 2.4 don't drown in the other tabs okay don't try to read everything inside here so this is actually prepared by energy Market authority of Singapore okay energy Market authority of Singapore they are basically the The Regulators that will oversee um electricity consumption in Singapore they set the pr I think they they work with the providers to actually look at the tariffs as well how much you're paying so you can see here that there is something called

an electricity great emission factor and Upstream fugitive meain emission Factor the one here the first one here this is actually your scope two the Upstream fugitive meane emission factor is your Scope three okay so when you actually do the calculation for scope two you only need to look at row six and seven this two here so I'm going to explain to you what this means now we have a few different Power stations in Singapore some power stations will build earlier some power stations will build later the later power stations are more efficient therefore you have

something called Bill margin which accounts for the improved Efficiency of the newer power plants and this bill margin value if you compare it to the average operating margin will be lower however all the power plants electricity will all fit into a common grid so regardless of whether you are staying nearer or further away from the new Power Plant we all use the same electricity so whether you are in chachang or Woodlands tanuma or taru everyone is using the same electricity Even though some of the power plants are newer than others okay so the bill margin

is just to show you which you know what what is the Improvement that we have achieved over the existing power plants however for the purpose of doing our computer mutation we need to use average operating margin because this is the overall emissions that is generated and averaged out by all the power plants in Singapore you cannot use Bild margin to Go and calculate your emissions just because it looks better okay questions okay if no questions then you can read the text here see the GD emission Factor measures the average CO2 emission emitted per megawatt hour

electricity it can be calculated using the average operating margin or Bild margin method the operating margin measures the systemwide emissions uh Factor while build margin measures Emission factor of newer facility okay but when we do our computation our rule of time is we will always use average operating margin now it will be different if you are in a place let's say like in Indonesia where they have provinces and then sometimes in the province you have a newer power plant so then it would be more accurate to use the bill margin for the power plant in

that Province because they don't have a common Grid in many of These uh larger countries they have localized grds for that particular Province or that City okay questions no questions okay so if we look at the numbers here can everybody see the GD emission factor for Singapore we have just downloaded this uh from the EMA website and I think you can see here that um the numbers are only until 2022 uh the reason is because in order For The Regulators to come up with this set of data it takes about a year so they will

always report one year later for for the year before so 2023 numbers will only come out around October 2024 so you need to wait one year later for these numbers to appear questions so we we can only do the report uh two years behind no you just no no no so let's say for example I'm going to report on 2023 numbers right Then I'll just use 202 emission factor it's okay yeah okay so this is Singapore all right and the Upstream fugitive methane emission factor is for scope free so I'm not going to go to

the calculations for that um if there's no questions on this I'm going to show you where to get emission factors for other countries so those of you who are not in Singapore where do you find your great emission factors from anyone likes to Share those of you who are not in Singapore where do you find your great emission factor from is there a a regulatory there is there an authority in your country that will share that will provide this data so like for example in Malaysia it could be tanaga tag yeah yeah that's right what

about the other countries yeah yeah EVN from Vietnam okay good so so if you can find the local authorities numbers it'll be best To use that okay now they will update the around two two year two years later yeah ah okay okay so you can use so that means when you report your numbers you need to use something that is uh two years earlier yeah yeah okay so I want to share with all of you here uh because sometimes what happens is it's a bit difficult for us to find the IM Factor if we cannot

read the website which is in local language so in case you cannot find the emission factor for the Specific country you're looking for uh this is another source of uh emission factors that you can tap on is actually from IG Institute for Global Environmental strategies okay and um this source is available for free and you can download emission factors from here now if you don't mind paying you can also download the emission factors from EA International Energy agency but that one is about a couple of Thousand Euros all right because these are all licens numbers

they as in they they take a lot of effort to consolidate the numbers so once they sell it to you it's only licensed to you you can't use it for others others other so-called things La okay so if you don't mind purchasing you can go to ie a okay International Energy agency let me just type that in for you and let me see if I can find the Website so this is IA okay where you can actually purchase the the um data sets Okay so the more common as in the the electricity information emission factors

and so on you have to buy it yeah okay questions okay so let me show you how to use the IGS one in case uh you decide that you don't want to pay for it okay so coming back to my Slides all right so can you see that under Malaysia we have this under combined margin average is 0.67 okay so where do we find this information if you download this spreadsheet there are multiple tabs inside there you need to go to this tab that says summary emission Factor summary EF from CDM in this particular spreadsheet

under column D you will be able to find the emission factors which is called combine margin emission Factor This is where we will use the emission factors for different countries in case we cannot find the one from the regulators and the units here are actually kg is T CO2 per megawatt hour but tan CO2 per megawatt hour is actually the same as kg CO2 per kilowatt hour anyone knows why so the units that you see there H CO2 per megawatt hour is the same as kg CO2 per kilow hour because I can divide both by

a factor of 1,000 can everyone follow so far so I'm just going to put this here for you to see okay remember just now the one that I shared with you what was the units P CO2 2 per megawatt hour right but if T CO2 per per megawatt hour you actually divide by 1,00000 yes that's right why because one one t is is 1,000 kg good and 1 megawatt hour is actually equivalent to 1,000 kilowatt okay so in other words if I divide both of these by a th000 this one becomes kg this one becomes

kilow hour so that means whatever units that you saw on the IG spreadsheet is the same as kg CO2 per kilowatt hour okay so can I just ask all of you what is your electricity consumption at home how many kilowatt hours or you just pay a Bill 900 something H 900 something wow it's a big house no Mia is like that sorry Malaysia is like that 900 is a lot I think in Singapore most of us are probably about okay at least if it's um okay I'm not landed house H I think if most of

you are in like five room Flats okay we don't talk about double story so we talk about single story five room flat it means it's three bedrooms probably you are at About 500 kilowatt hours or 400 something kilowatt hours let me see let me check mine anyone do you know how many kilowatt hours you're currently using so if you want to understand what's your emissions right you take the kilow hours and then you multiply by the G emission factor for Singapore okay so that is is your footprint that's the amount of emissions you are you

are giving off as a Household every month okay questions if there's no questions then what we will do is we'll do a little exercise before lunch sorry it's 1032 okay I think it's probably a few flaws right don't St yeah that's right because air conditioning it always um is always harder to cool the upper floors yeah yeah okay so this is what we're going to do um we're going to do a short little Exercise okay to calculate the amount of um emissions coming from electricity okay then after that I have another exercise as well to

look at the emissions coming from uh fuel use okay I was thinking of doing the fuel use one before lunch because I think this is going to be a little bit more more difficult so can everybody um be prepared to work on this before lunch so I'm going to make you work before you go for your break okay um this is the Context H so we have 16,800 L of petrol so do not multiply by five okay so this is already 16,800 L of petrol and 10,000 L of diesel so from these two we are

now going to calculate how much emissions is coming coming from scope one so scope one is based on vehicles that we own and operate then the other one is a scope three because this one is used by our third party transport provider so it's like a service that we got from them all right but this uh third party transport Provider they are so Cooperative they can even tell us how much fuel they use in many cases it's very difficult to get this number from them okay but I'm just you know for the purpose of calculations

I just try to make it simple so our third party uh transport provider was able to give us this number so I like us to try and calculate our scope one and the scope three numbers so we are going to break into the groups okay to calculate the numbers and I suggest that Someone in the group can offer okay those of you who are a little bit more adapt at using Excel spreadsheet maybe you can volunteer to to input the numbers then those of you who are not so good at Excel you all can uh

volunteer your eye you know iBall the emission factor and then just uh do the calculations together as a group okay questions before we break you up into the groups so um Ellie we are going to use About uh I think the time now is 12:05 so we will do this for about um maybe until about 12 20 15 minutes okay after that we'll come back in together and then we'll discuss again before we break for lunch okay yeah yeah cuz I think ell Ellie went off somewhere so I'm just going to you break on rooms

okay the rooms will be the same as the ones earlier so you guys can just take it from there I'm going to open the rooms Now thank you e hey guys so one of you can share your screen so we can put up the questions onto the onto the zoom they we can work on it h basically it's it's the one on fuel so we need to identify uh the carbon emissions factors and then after cation yes hey um you know that is there like a spreadsheet for them to work on let me see if

I can find this did you Did you all share that or you didn't actually share remember last time there was one we used to have a spreadsheet let me see if I can find it if you don't have it then it's fine because I I thought that it was together with the the uh spreadsheet that had yeah it should be uh but I don't think it was on a Google sheet it's not in there okay never mind it's all right then because then everyone might end up with a different format yeah let me see Uh

yeah I think she didn't send the Google sheet okay no worries I'll I'll go back there yeah yeah okay I'll see if I can find it again I'll let you know again okay thanks yeah e [Music] hi James sorry to trouble you yep yep uh apparently the participants couldn't share screen do you know whether the sharing has been Enabled for everyone oh let me oh think okay I think they can try now by right should be able to share at any one time more than one okay okay cool thanks e hey guys can uh some

one of you calculate the carbon emissions the G emissions for cars and then someone else can calculate for van and then someone else can also calculate the one uh that that is for the third party transport providers basically the Scope Tre then after that we will uh discuss the results that you guys have I'll use the emissions factors uh from the Excel sheet that Grace sent across earlier and share earlier so James are you going to provide us with any spreadsheet or we just use some ex uh I think use Exel it's easier okay you

want to you can actually share your screen I they can see your working As well if you if you prefer that way yeah probably I'll just uh K the factors first then share my screen since uh anyway this this uh this page is actually uh for the cost material provided I think this is on page 49 of the slides PDF it is so because if I share my screen uh all this all these uh yeah I think the best to yes I'll put it up here for now then when we ready to discuss the calculations

then we I'll stop sharing and you can then you can Take over e e e e for [Music] e e e e e e E e e e hi James yep are are you actually still working on your spreadsheet I was actually thinking of bringing everybody back into the room I think yeah I think we can bring everyone back to the room it's better way okay then I'll close the rooms thanks okay Recording in progress [Music] e e hi everyone back Are we almost there yet everyone in yes okay good so I'm actually going to

share screen and I'm going to show everyone how you should have done the calculation okay um this is one of the challenges of doing this Online okay so what I'm doing is I'm actually copying out the grid the So-Cal um fuel emission factors for CO2 for CH4 and for n2o uh for each of the different fuel types okay so you can see here that um I I actually like copying out right so this one was CO2 this is CH4 and now I'm going to N2 okay and I'm starting off with the Moto gasoline one first

all right so this was the number let me just copy it Out okay so once I've actually copied out the numbers okay the next step is actually to uh put in let me just confirm because I remember this one has got more extension at the back okay so um when you actually copy out emission factors try as much as possible to use all the decimal places that's the first step okay so this is actually for petrol okay and gwp for CO2 is one right right yeah there's nothing there what is the gwp for me under

so I'm going to use Uh ar5 okay so this is ar5 this will be ar5 30 30 okay good and then what about N2 265 265 265 okay good so um based on all these numbers right we have not yet multiplied by the volume of petrol remember just now it was 16,800 yeah so I haven't multiplied by volume okay so now I'm just going to look at all my emission factors first so what I can do is I can actually take this emission Factor multiply by 30 and do you agree that this is actually the

kg CO2 e per liter no huh check you have multiply no no no but this is kg CO3 per liter per liter I never multiply it right so my my emission Factor here was kg CH4 per liter right okay everyone follow if you lost please let me know this is kg N2 per liter all right this is gwp when I multiply it together I take this number multiply by the gwp this gives me kg CO2 e per liter right so if I wanted to what I can do now is I have a few options okay

I can either take the volume of petrol volume of petrol multiply by the emission Factor multiply by this one is nothing it's one right so I can take volume of petrol multiplied by this first this is kg CO2 per liter okay so once I multiply this By the volume of fuel that means this would be equal to this times this so this would be what kg CO2 no there's no e kg CO2 ah just kg CO2 then the next step is I can take this number which is the kg CO2 e multiply by this right

this is begin me kg CO2 e right because this is for methane yeah so now I have found the methane emission Factor per liter of moto gasoline total volume of 16,800 so I can take 16,800 Multiply by the emission factor to give me this number and then the next step is to take n2o emission Factor multiply by volume of fuel and this is kg CO2 e then I add it all up which is this one here and this is my final answer for 16,000 800 L of petrol this is one method of doing it sorry

uh yes sorry about the the uh emission uh Factor so I I think so we will refer to the in the top of the Mobile combustion yes I use stationary combustion because if you go to mobile combustion and if you look under the description the description will say that under row 37 other region emission factors are all taken from stationary combustion worksheet so if you're not in the UK you're not in us then you will be using other right and other is all taken from Stationary combustion worksheet so that's why I'm on stationary combustion okay

yeah I got it good okay any question so far okay so this is one method of doing it but it means that I converted everything to CO2 equivalent already in some cases you want to know what is your inventory and me that means that having to calculate individual greenhouse gases on its own before converting it to CO2 equivalent so what I might do is I might Actually do okay so let me just put this one in blue so we know this is one method okay now this one is another method where I'm going to actually

do each greenhouse gas on its own okay so that means this one here will be kg CO2 this one here will be kg CH4 and this one here would be kg and2 there is no right there's no wrong method after we have done this we still Need to multiply by the gwp value can everyone follow yeah so yeah so I'm I'm basically showing you two different approaches because sometimes when you when you establish your inventory using 14064 you will notice that they ask you to actually tabulate each individual Greenhouse gas so you cannot lump together

like this this will be your final answer but you still need to show the breakdown of Each greenhouse gas before you get that final answer so if you are following very strictly the 14064 you need to set up your inventory and setting up your inventory means having to produce the numbers for each of the different greenhouse gases so this is just for the fuel but then I also have remember refrigerants so if I have refrigerant then it's another another greenhouse gas again that's a hfc Class okay questions before I let you off for lunch so

this is fuel calculations after we come back from lunch then I'll go through the electricity calculations electricity will be a bit more straightforward questions okay so if there's no questions I'll stop here for now okay yall can have a think about it over lunch all right and if let's say you still have queries on the calculations We can still revisit this after lunch okay so um the time now is about 12:35 let's just put it 12:35 and we'll come back again at 1:35 is that okay for everyone yep okay great so I'll see all of

you again at 1:35 yeah thank you thanks recording stopped thank you