[Music] in this video we're looking at chlamidia you'll find free practice material with multiple choice questions flash cards and case scenarios available through WIS doia that'll give you feedback on what you got wrong and why find a link to the chlamidia questions below clamidia is generally the term to describe the sexually transmitted infection as a result of the bacterium chlamidia trachomatis it is a gr negative obligate intracellular bacterium with an incubation period of roughly 2 to 3 weeks it typically affects the endocervical canal or urethra in females and urethra in males but it can also
affect the conjunctiva eyelids naso farnx and rectum chlamidia has two distinct forms initially the bacterium invades the cell in the form of Elementary bodies surrounding itself with a vacuo on Entry called an inclusion the elementary bodies then get reorganized into reticulate bodies which replicate these mature back into Elementary bodies and after 2 to 3 days of this process the cell ruptures allowing the elementary bodies to be released and go on to affect other cells chlamidia pneumonia and chlamidia cacy are two other chlamidia species that cause disease in humans in particular respiratory tract infections with cacy
being rare and linked to contact with birds overall clidia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in Western countries and most commonly occurs between the ages of 15 and 24 but don't overlook that it can happen in elderly populations and in younger patients it may be a clue to underlying abuse prevalence has been found to be between 2 and 5% in the United States and United Kingdom a new sexual partner multiple partners or a history of previous sexually transmitted infections are considered risk factors most cases are actually asymptomatic which is the case in 70
to 85% of females and 50% of males in females the endocervical tract is usually affected and symptoms include postcoital or intermenstrual bleeding disa vaginal discharge that is usually mucoid and odorless and pelvic pain left untreated it can Ascend the urogenital tract and pelvic inflammatory disease can develop as well as Fitz hu Curtis syndrome where there is perihepatic inflammation there is an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy and infertility and in pregnancy there is a risk of neonatal conjunctivitis and pneumonia in males the urethra is typically affected and symptoms include disa and penile discharge again if not
adequately treated the infection can become more complex and cause epididimo orchitis meaning inflammation of the epidermis and testicles or prostatitis reactive arthritis previously known as writers syndrome is another possible complication that is immune mediated and usually occurs 4 weeks post infection it is characterized by joint pain or arthritis often in the knee ocular involvement such as conjunctivitis or Uvis and urethritis that often manifests as diurea this can be remembered by the saying can't see can't pee can't climb a tree circinate balanitis a rash characterized by ring-shaped dermatitis on the glands of the penis is also
associated with reactive arthritis another is lymphogranuloma Venum that is caused by the L1 L2 and L3 serotypes of chlamidia trachomatis and it follows a three-phase course starting with a painless ulcer followed by a painful unilateral inguinal or femoral lymphadenopathy several weeks later followed then by proctocolitis another important manifestation is troma where chlamidia trachomatis affects the eyelids leading to them becoming rough causing irritation corneal injury and eventually blindness diagnosis is typically based on nucleic acid amplification testing of Volvo vaginal swabs or urine in females and urine in males contact tracing is needed in positive cases to
identify and treat asymptomatic carriers in the UK annual screening for those under 25 is recommended and some countries like the US include chlamidia in anti-natal screening due to the potential effects on the neonate and it is also recommended to screen for other STI like gonorrhea if a patient has chlamidia doxycycline is the antibio IC of choice with macroides being second line and aiyin being the example as a first choice in pregnancy sexual contact should be avoided for 7 days after treatment has started and all contacts within the last 60 days are advised to be tested
