You don't know the story of Epictetus, the famous slave philosopher, he put him in a machine that was twisting his leg. Then he said, you're going to break my leg. He kept turning around.
Black, I didn't say you were going to break my leg. pain control he has control over his conduct well, so as the psyche can only be conceived as a force and not as a thing, then it is clear that every question of limits between the psychic and something else is always a little problematic, not that these Limits don't exist, that's right, but they are not always easy for you to discern and this distinction is extremely important because there it is, there is the basis for the study of everything that we can consider as mental illness and mental pathology , what is it? that enters within the sphere of the psyche if it is integrated by the psyche Then it starts to function according to its rules and the rules were those that I already said, I mean individuality, historicity and other consequences when we talk about historicity it means that no cause that no causal current that is triggered before produces its result neither necessarily nor probabilistically, that is to say, there is always a margin for interference from the psychic itself, that is to say, the psychic is a causal force , so if other causes bypass it, you will not you can say that that action is psychic That's right, for example, in the case of, let's say, the conditioned reflex, even more so the unconditioned reflexes that preside over most physiological mechanisms, right, breathing, digestion , etc.
, etc. , all of this can be incorporated into the psychic and can have something seeing the psychic with the psychic but none of this is a psychic cause so that which is caused by something else is not psychic Unless it is absorbed by it and transformed into an individual voluntary conscious act of a historical nature, that's right ooo characteristic of historical action is that it is never inevitable nothing is nothing is inevitable and nothing is absolutely necessary that is to say even when a set of causal forces presses decisively in one direction one can never be sure that the results will follow mathematically there is always the interference of another element which is precisely the human psyche itself in its natural impulse to act as a cause, that is, it is It itself is a cause that interferes with the currents of already existing causes, it interferes, transforms, absorbs, and strengthens, depresses, etc. , etc.
, in short, the psyche transforms the other causes, OK? right and absorbing them makes them aspects of human action, so this means that when an action or conduct it becomes determined by some type of external necessity , whether it is the absolute necessity of a logical order or a relative necessity of a physical order, that is not part of of the psyche, now one of the properties of the psyche is also to refrain from interfering and let other causal mechanisms take the lead. Okay, if for example, we study, people normally talk about impulses, instincts, etc.
, they are extremely fluid notions, what do we What we know for sure is that the human body in its development has certain needs and it seeks to meet these needs, the first of which is breathing, we can't stop breathing. That's right, any meso-partial impediment, total impediment, breathing kills the trick, but partial impediment has let's say consequences that can affect the subject's psyche, right? So we know, for example, if the subject suffers from sinusitis, bronchitis, something like that, something in their psyche can be affected, that's right, but if these factors that hinder breathing start to be they themselves are the determining factors of conduct, so what happened was there was a retraction of the psyche, it exempts itself from its function and the surrender, let's say, to an action of a bodily force, it does what it wants, so this action is psychic over the a certain aspect, right, it means that it was the psyche itself that delivered the points and in a way it gives responsibility for this, but from then onwards the causal force we are no longer the psychic itself, right?
Eh If you take all the bodily needs you will see that none of them for itself determines a conduct none none none None none no matter how strong it is, for example hunger Um, I mean hunger is present as a need but what are you going to do to satisfy hunger first you are going to do something, right say you it's not obligated, you're not forced to eat, your body doesn't force you to eat, um, to eat right now, right now, right now, you can postpone it, it's not ISO, it also doesn't force you to eat an amount of X, you can eat less or you can eat too much then you see that in the simple fact of eating a psyllium element already enters that cannot be determined by the body so in this sense it is not right for you to call it impulse because impulse is a thing impulse is instinct impulse instinct is a force agent needs they are not forces agents are eating and the need is just let's say an appeal that the body makes pain category Pain too Um how do you react to pain you ask dentists every dentist will say the following Japanese never cry in the chair Russians everyone cries, it's a cultural element and it's taught like this, um, Japanese is history, Russian has to be poor to attract attention, so they are, they are, even if there is custom, culture doesn't determine that either, and they are both feeling the same pain, um, there is a certain cultural pressure or a cultural suggestion that he react in this or that way but he can still invent something else, okay then, right? sensitive to heat than to any pain that exists I can take pain and stay still heat I can't take it but if you get a cigarette put it on someone's face anyone will feel it if pain is one thing but how will it manifest outwardly the there is pain you can remain absolutely still and do nothing D you realize that you are not feeling anything you are clearly feeling it It is the conduct that M is the reaction that M understood then but there is a limit I also did not fear torture right the limit is death including the opposite the way he may not react at all be quiet quiet quiet you continue mistreating him and he dies You don't know the story of the famous epictetus slave philosopher, right ? it was the maximum control of he has no control over the pain he has control over his conduct hmm He feels it he doesn't say anything he must be feeling it he can try to think of something else that's what it says control the pain the expression is contradictory no you control it Your conduct, your reaction to pain, of course, your reaction can introduce an element of psychic amplification of pain, right, but if there is no intervention of the Imaginary element, this is not possible.
A subject in pain can begin to imagine until his own death. and then he will be terrified and then he will have to scream and the other can on the contrary Minimize that um he minimizes what the imagination not the pain itself DIT actually We don't know what the pain is, so understanding all the needs and bodily reactions for none of them determine any conduct, not even the need to breathe um if you suffocate, right a stoic he will stay quiet Don't breathe and he dies decently it's always possible that's of course not what happens in the majority But even if just one It could already be proven, that's what I'm talking about, you see, you see, the reaction to physical pain is not such an important component of human behavior because physical pain doesn't happen all the time, right, if the person is sick for a long time, then it's good that he learns to bear the pain because otherwise no one will bear it, that's right, I remember when I was sick when I was a child, well I must have cried a little at first but then I gave up I said so I cried but you understand I wasn't complaining at all now if you're healthy all the time suddenly you're in it you can complain so there's an element of learning there isn't that either so for example there are people whose parents beat them every day get used to it my parents never hit me if they hit me it would be a event my father hit me once and I never forgot it now that he who gets hit every day doesn't care anymore Right , so , straight away, no bodily need, no matter how intense it may be, can determine a behavior. This is possible, isn't that what it can determine?
immediate reaction is literature but this is not let's say human conduct This is a mere bodily reaction so human conduct none of them is created determined by any bodily age no matter how intense it is, right so that's why the word instinct, impulse, so I think it's a something very vague because if you say an instinct, impulse, you mean an agent force, I say hello, but bodily needs, even the most intense ones, do not act as agent forces, they only act as what they are, that is need, it is the body that asks for something.
