Marxism German philosophers KL Marx and Friedrich Engles developed this political philosophy in the 19th century the core idea is how a society produces goods shapes everything else like its laws culture and societal change in Marxism Society consists of two parts the base and the super structure the base is the economic system including how goods are made and who owns the factories and land the super structure is everything influenced by the base like laws politics and culture Marxism explains that new technology can make old ways of producing Goods outdated causing problems and conflicts these conflicts lead
to big changes in society Marxism highlights the struggle between two classes the Bourgeois Z which is a small group of wealthy and powerful people who own factories and land and the proletariat which is pretty much the workforce or the workers class Marxism argues that the elite exploits the workers class in the system Marxist propos replacing this with a system where the workers share ownership and goods are only produced to directly satisfy human needs instead of focusing on private profits Marx himself believed that capitalism would eventually fail because it couldn't improve everyone's lives he thought workers
would start a revolution leading to socialism leninism based on the ideas of Russian revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin this ideology aims for a dictatorship of the working class Lenin believed that a a small dedicated group of revolutionaries called the Vanguard party would lead the working class this party would guide and organized the workers to overthrow the existing capitalist government and establish communism in this system the working class holds control over state power takes control of the economy prevents domestic industrial competition and redistributes resources to ensure equality leninism supports holding direct elections within the ruling Workers Party
elected repres Representatives join workers councils which take over private property and turn it into Collective ownership during this time the party must govern strongly to stop any attempts to reverse the Revolution and to help move towards a permanent communist Society Lenin expanded on Marx's ideas by arguing that capitalism had reached a new stage called imperialism where powerful countries exploit weaker ones for resources and markets Lenin believed that imperialism would lead to more conflict in revolutions worldwide stalinism the official political ideology of the Soviet Union developed by Joseph Stalin in the 1920s stalinism is a synthesis
of Marxism and leninism like leninism it holds that a Communist Revolution is needed to replace capitalism a onep party socialist State takes over and controls the industry suppresses opposition and counterrevolution and promotes State ownership of natural resources and production means to pave the way for an eventual communist society that would be classless and stateless it's also known as Marxism leninism which today is the ideology of the ruling parties in China Cuba Laos Vietnam and others trotskyism Leon trosy a Russian revolutionary and Marxist theorist developed this communist ideology trosy believed that the working class should continue
to push for revolution worldwide and emphasized the need for international solidarity among workers like Lenin he argued that communism or socialism in one country wouldn't survive without Global revolutions trosky opposed Joseph Stalin's policies he criticized his authoritarian Rule and claimed that the Soviet Union became a degenerated workers state where class struggles reemerged in a new form trotskyists advocate for a workers democracy with elected councils making decisions they oppose the centralized and bureaucratic control seen under Stalin maoism this was a communist Trend developed by Ma sadong the leader of the Chinese Communist party and the Founding
Father of the People's Republic of China ma believed that in agrarian societies like China peasants were the main force behind Revolution Central was the theory of new democracy which stated that a socialist State can only be formed through a national popular Democratic anti- feudal and Anti-Imperialist Revolution led by Communists now is is M also advocates for a strategy called The People's War which involves Guerilla Warfare revolutionaries should build support among the rural population and gradually encircle and take over cities to prevent the rise of a new Elite and to keep the Revolutionary Spirit Alive maoism
emphasizes the need for continuous cultural revolution for example the new culture in May 4th movements in the 1910s and 20s aimed to root out old customs and thinking Plus educate the masses taking away power from a small group of educated Elites maoism encourages self-reliance and independence from foreign influence focusing on local industry and Collective agriculture to meet the country's needs without relying on external assistance madong also used what he called the mass line leadership method where he supposedly learned from the people understood their needs and implemented policies that reflected those needs while encouraging Collective action
Anarchist communism this is a political ideology that seeks a stateless classless society with Collective ownership of resources while retaining personal property it's rooted in Anarchist principles emphasizing the abolition of a government and hierarchies factories land and machines are collectively owned but personal items like watches remain individually owned it follows the Marxist principle everyone should contribute what they can and receive what they need there's no money prices or wages people decide for themselves eles what they need but within the context of a community that ensures Fair distribution and prevents exploitation it relies on the idea that
in a Cooperative Society people would be motivated by Mutual Aid and fairness not greed or competition people work in necessary roles they find fulfilling for a communal effort not just for survival Anarchist communism is an egalitarian philosophy it ensures freedom and well-being for everyone not just the wealthy at least on paper it also uph holdes the idea that communal property requires Force to maintain it advocates for decentralized confederations of communes rather than centralized State Control communities operate independently but cooperate with each other to work on common goals and share resources as needed this structure promotes
local decision making and autonomy this system also opposes patriotism and loyalty to the state favoring community-based governance historical examples include the anarchist territories of the Ukrainian magnos during the Russian Revolution and revolutionary Catalonia during the Spanish Revolution primitive communism this is a way to describe the ancient gift economies of hunter gatherer societies where resources and property are shared among all members based on individual needs there was no concept of private ownership everything was owned collectively this concept is often credited to KL Marx and fried angles as well religious communism this form of Communism arises from
the teachings and principles of a religion it promotes communal ownership and sharing of goods among members unlike Marxism which aims to eliminate religion religious communism is rooted in religious beliefs religious communism often predates secular communism as well historical examples include 17th century Protestant movements that rejected personal property and practiced communal living the religious shakers community in England where all goods were shared and the Hutterites a branch of anabaptists in North America that practiced a for form of Communism based on strict adherence to biblical principles and Community rules even early Christian teachings and practices are sometimes
seen as examples of Communism acts 4:35 describes early Christians in Jerusalem sharing all possessions Christian Communists believe Jesus taught and practiced communist principles left communism this is a critical branch of Communism that seeks to uphold what it views as true Marxist principles opposing many mainstream communist and socialist practices it emerged during World War I when most left Communists supported the October Revolution but criticized its development with some arguing it led to State capitalism rather than true socialism proponents believe that Communists should not participate in Democratic elections or trade unions they emphasize autonomous organization of the
working class without political parties while some advocate for a separate Communist party or workers Council left communists oppose alliances of political groups nationalism and a government system based on parliaments they also preferred aggressive and direct confrontations to achieve their goals however they opposed National Liberation movements because these often involved collaborating with broader alliances or adopting nationalist sentiments communist bondism bondism was a secular Jewish socialist movement primarily represented by the general Jewish labor bond in Lithuania Poland and Russia founded in the Russian Empire in 1897 the movement initially opposed the October Revolution but later supported it
due to anti-jewish attacks by anti-communist movement during the Russian Civil War Buddhism split into communist and Social Democratic factions the Communist faction supported the Bolsheviks and eventually merged with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union bondism rejected sanism viewing immigration to Palestine as escapism it emphasized Jewish culture and community over the establishment of a Jewish State eurocommunism this variant emerged in Italy Spain and France during the 1970s advocating for a more democratic and less authoritarian approach to achieving socialism eurocommunism emphasizes Democratic means rather than revolutionary methods to implement socialist policies eurocommunist parties supported Democratic institutions
embraced new social movements like feminism and Gay Liberation and open ly criticized the Soviet Union while moving away from traditional Marxist ideas and Communist Party structures autonomism this is a Marxist based anti- capitalist left-wing political movement it emerged in Italy in the 1960s from the workerism movement autonomism expanded the Marxist definition of the working class to include both salaried and unpaid labor such as housework and raising children to cover all of society it claims that Collective work produces modern wealth which often goes unrecognized and undercompensated it introduced the ideas of immaterial and social labor emphasizing
that all forms of work contribute to the society's wealth not just traditional manual labor the movement also mentions feminism recognizing The crucial role of unpaid female labor in capitalist societies subscribe for more videos and hit that like button to support us
