[Music] you have a test yes I know that your brain is still on summer vacation but your body has a test on colonial America in like ten minutes and you have no idea what's going to be on it luckily mr. Betts has got you covered in the next ten minutes we're going to go over 50 things that you need to know for your colonial America test let's go let's start with R Oh No the first attempt at an English colony in the New World in 1587 it failed so miserably that nobody knows what happened to
the colonists cut to Jamestown the first successful English settlement in 1607 and what would become the Virginia Colony now you can give a lot of credit to John Smith the leader of Jamestown who told colonists hey you don't work you don't eat there's also the story about how he was saved by Pocahontas the daughter of Chief Powhatan leader of the local Native American tribe Pocahontas later marries the colonists named John Rolfe who made his fortune growing and selling tobacco which is a cash crop a crop that you grow to sell and not to eat tobacco
is what I've initially allowed the Virginia Colony to become successful and prosper because people in Europe could not get enough of the stuff as Virginia grew and created the House of Burgesses the first representative government in the English colonies ripu up north you have pilgrims or separatists persecuted in England they came to the new world in 1620 seeking religious freedom now they were supposed to settle around Manhattan so in order to make their colony legal and everything they decided to make the Mayflower Compact a document which pledged their loyalty to the King of England and
to each other and they stated that they were going to create a civil body politic yay more self-government now it's a good thing that they met Squanto a local Native American in that helped them learn to use the land of the Plymouth Colony to celebrate the harvest in the following year they even had a Thanksgiving festival but they wouldn't be alone for long enter the Puritans also critical of the Church of England they came to the new world for religious freedom and for opportunity one of the early governors John Winthrop's said that they would be
a city upon a hill meaning that they would be an example for the rest of the world self-righteous much this colony would be known as the Massachusetts Bay Colony especially known for religious freedom for Puritans and not many other people now they did have a General Court another elected assembly that allowed citizens to participate provided that they were adults and male and belonged to the church and owned property still it could have been that better there wouldn't have been the great migration this massive movement between the 1620s and the 1640s that saw fifty thousand Puritans
leave Europe for the new world mainly the English colonies in the Caribbean almost 20,000 Puritans themselves went to New England oh wait we haven't done geography yet quick a colonial map from north to south you have Massachusetts in two places New Hampshire Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina and Georgia now the New England colonies refers to Massachusetts New Hampshire Connecticut and Rhode Island they were known for their rich forests their rocky soils and the really good harbors which was good for commerce and trade Roger Williams was
a Puritan minister who founded Rhode Island after he was kicked out of Massachusetts for preaching religious tolerance and fair dealing with the Native Americans I know weird right and Hutchinson had the nerve to be a woman preaching to Puritans and she was banished from Massachusetts as well down in Connecticut you had the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut or the first written constitution in the colonies nothing for an all peachy-keen into England as well as everywhere else growing populations created growing conflict between colonists and Native Americans as seen in King Philip's War in which King Philip aka
medica angry over colonial expansion and the treatment of his people LED attacks on colonists killing hundreds in turn the colonists attacked Medicom and his people as well as innocent Native Americans and pretty much opened up the whole region to colonial expansion now the middle colonies consisting of New York New Jersey Pennsylvania and Delaware sometimes they're called the breadbasket colonies because they were so good at growing wheat what with their seasonal climate and they were rustling with diversity the whole region wasn't always British New Amsterdam was a Dutch settlement on the island of Manhattan part of
the larger New Netherland colony it was filled with large estates called Patroons and new incident even had a peg leg governor called Peter Stuyvesant who was forced to hand over the colony in 1664 to the English when they arrived and he couldn't get anybody to fight for them New Jersey just can you don't need to know anything about New Jersey but you do need to know William Penn an Englishman who was owed money by King Charles the second he said no man just give me some land so that I can make a colony and this
colony Pennsylvania would be good for people like him Quakers another persecuted group from England these ones were a pacifist they were welcome in Pennsylvania as well as everybody else I wanted to be treated equally what about Delaware well it was settled by Swedes originally was part of Penn's Pennsylvania but he allowed them to break off and become their own colony cut to the southern colonies which were Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina and Georgia there the climate was warm the economy agricultural the motivation financial and the people Anglican mostly Maryland started off as a colony
for Catholics yet another persecuted group in England but soon Anglican started pouring in which prompted the Maryland Toleration Act which granted religious freedom for everyone provided that they worship Jesus nobody else now there was some conflict over where Marilyn ended and Pennsylvania began so the mason-dixon line was created this was made to formally map out the boundary and today the mason-dixon line is the symbolic border between the North and the now I've already talked about Virginia but I do have to mention Bacon's Rebellion in which a planter Nathaniel bacon led an uprising against Indians in
the West whose land they wanted and against the government in the East who they felt weren't protecting them North Carolina was originally part of a single unified Carolina they divided it in 1729 South Carolina was particularly good for agriculture what with all its fertile farmland and had a really good Harbor that would become Charleston the single most important shipping city in all of the colonial south indigo a crop develop I Eliza Lucas pickney was able to create a beautiful blue dye group particularly well in the Carolinas and became in high demand James Oglethorpe started a
different kind of colony in Georgia now back in England if you are in debt you could go to prison so obiter wanted to create a colony in which debtors and other poor people could come for a fresh start angling liked the idea because that would create a buffer between the Spanish down south and the rest of the colonies that they actually like up north indentured servants also came to the colonies looking for opportunities now getting here was very expensive so they would contract themselves out for a set amount of years and change for transit room
and board and hopefully a good piece of land when they were done working in their contract expired African slaves on the other hand did not come over voluntarily first arriving in Jamestown in 1619 they were kidnapped brought over sold and forced to work on new plantations in the 13 colonies and down in the Caribbean now this was all part of the triangle trade which saw raw materials coming from the colonies going to Europe there they would be turned into manufactured goods that would be sent back to the colonies or down to Africa in which they
would be exchanged for gold spices and slaves hola de aqueon Oh an African who had once been kidnapped and enslaved wrote about the horrible Middle Passage or transit from Africa to the new world in his narrative still this all fell in line with the theory of mercantilism which said that a nation's power in its wealth and you've got to do what you got to do to make that wealth to protect their wealth England even Basque the Navigation Acts a series of laws in the mid 1600s that said that colonists can only use English ships and
can only sell their raw materials to England and no other countries mr. Betts I hate to be rude here but you said that word colony about a million times in this video and you have yet to define what it actually means or the different types of them Oh well tag me in a colony is an area controlled by another country and it's usually settled by people from another country there were three types of English colonies charter colonies saw settlers receiving grants or charters and the people there could elect their own officials these were your Connecticut's
or your Rhode Island's proprietary colonies the people that were granted the land had the power they usually appointed their officials but sometimes they elected them we're talking that like you're Delaware's or you're Maryland's here royal colonies the king was still in control which means he appointed officials and governors and even if a colony had its own officials Great Britain was still in charge this would totally not lead to any conflict down the road so this is your New York's your virginia's and your massachusetts this is thanks mr. B we have time for just a couple
more before the test starts let's do the Salem witch trials in Salem Massachusetts 1692 to 93 just a little witch hunt that saw 20 people executed and one dog and expose the Puritan lifestyle is maybe too strict and intolerant in self-righteous the Great Awakening a series of religious revivals in the 1720s and 40s that called on people to rededicate themselves to Christianity look away from enlightenment ideals like logic and reason and apparently constantly think about 80 double hockey sticks if Jonathan Edwards is to be believed ironically this actually led to more religious diversity you should
know Peter Zenger a newspaper publisher that was critical of the New York royal governor he was arrested for getting all savage in the papers but was found killed on account of all of it being true yes early freedom of the press and don't forget the Iroquois Confederacy a new york-based group of Native Americans first five tribes later six they remain independent of England and France and showed what happens when diverse group of people work together for a common good foreshadowing time we have but I think you're good to go if you think you're going to
kill this test give this video a like and let me know how you did in the comments make sure you subscribe because it's a long school year and we're going to get through this together also subscribe to mr. beat thanks for helping us out be safe I'll see you next time
