philosophy never is all that joyful adventure to partake on the long texts dry passages and insufferable points of departure to prove some point or another that only the author would appear to care about serves little happiness in the process however for the most part philosophers generally attempt to conclude on some sort of hopeful image or word of advice something that they think would be good despite the miserable presentation of most philosophical texts there still usually remains something that tells us that nothing is necessarily lost and then there's max sterner the philosopher who rejected morality saw
people as objects to be manipulated and supported a world where killing babies was justified surely he was wrapped up in over-analysis and failed to see the consequences of his ideas right however even regarding this he wrote that even if he knew his ideas would lead to the bloodiest wars and the fall of many generations he would still share them what's up with this guy [Music] this video is brought to you by the ridge wallet it's light sleek and industrial it doesn't fold or awkwardly bulge in your back pocket and it seriously changed my whole pocket
situation most people are still using wallets designed in the 90s carrying around old receipts pictures of their axe and gift cards in an unorganized mess not the ridge wallet though this wallet holds up to 12 cards plus room for cash and there's over 30 colors and styles including carbon fiber and burnt titanium the durable material means each wallet comes with a lifetime warranty you could buy this one wallet and carry it for life if this wasn't enough to win you over yet check out their thirty thousand five star reviews the ridge team is so confident
that you'll like it that they'll let you test drive it for 45 days you can send it back for a full refund if you don't love it get 10 off today with free worldwide shipping and returns by going to ridge.com sisyphus that's ridge.com sisyphus and use code sisyphus link in description a miserable philosopher requires a miserable life and sterner's was no exception born in 1806 to a lower middle class bavarian family he was originally named johan casper schmidt until he was given the nickname sterner due to his gigantic forehead his father died from tuberculosis while
he was young leaving sterner an only child to take care of the rapidly deteriorating mental health of his mother all by himself well at the university of berlin sterner attended lectures by hegel mostly surrounding the topics of the history of philosophy religion and importantly the subjective spirit he graduated with very little academic distinction sterner would then go on to work 18 months unpaid as a latin teacher he would also get married to agnes butts his first but not last wife he told a friend that after seeing agnes naked for the first time he could no
longer touch her again she would later die of complications after giving birth to a stillborn child sterner somehow found himself in the position of a teacher at one of the most prestigious schools for young girls here he led an interesting double life acting as a mild-mannered and gentle teacher all the while writing the ego and its own a book that would challenge religion morality and even promise keeping well as a teacher he would go on to join the free ones sometimes also called the young hegelians a group of young hegel fanboys that would meet in
a wine bar and debate the club included marx angles and bruno bauer engels has even given us the only known image of sterner this cartoonish portrait it is not known whether sterner and marx had ever met in these meetings sterner garnered the reputation as someone who hated religion moderation and would even provoke fierce argument amongst the group as he came closer to publishing the ego on its own he joined meetings less and less knowing full well that his criticism of power as well as his critique of communism and anarchism would make things kind of awkward
although his book when released was a critical success it failed to gain popularity or financial success in fact this period would result in a serious decline in sterner's net worth he would marry an intellectual from the free ones marie danhart and quickly squandered her inheritance this resulted in a prompt divorce and later on danhart would be asked about sterner to which she replied that he was a sly man who she had neither respected nor loved and described their marriage as more of a cohabitation he was very poor and socially isolated starting in 1847 and would
frequently find himself in and out of debtors prison despite moving locations in 1856 sterner became incredibly sick from an infected bug bite and would die his mentally ill mother would outlive him by three more years his death was largely unnoticed sterner first argues that people are way too difficult to comprehend hence concepts that attempt to generalize humanity such as liberalism that champions man is holding rational insight marxism which argues that individuals are to be freely and consciously creative or capitalism which sees the individual as selfish in a non-pejorative sense are all unable to capture the
mysterious and ever-changing essence or lack thereof that defines us as a species sterner then proceeds to do the best he can in offering a concept that describes human nature this he calls egoism which sees man as both a creation or creature and a creator as you are each instant you are your own creature in this very creature you do not wish to lose yourself the creator you are yourself a higher being than you are and surpass yourself this creates conflict resulting in an involuntary egoist somebody who attempts to fulfill some higher purpose they may go
to church amass a large fortune or cure cancer all in the idea that what they are doing serves some higher value that is good sterner however takes on the view of psychological egoism that all of our actions are at the end of the day selfish hence the involuntary egoist is blind to the fact that they are simply trying to fulfill their own desires of happiness and security they aren't free but are rather possessed by their higher aims for they fail to recognize their inescapable selfishness the voluntary egoist on the other hand freely chooses their actions
and are fully cognizant of the fact that they are merely fulfilling their own desires marrying their wife donating to a charity or cheating on their wife are all the same acts morally as they simply serve the egoist's desire whereas the involuntary egoist is possessed by their higher aims the voluntary egoist possesses their goals seeing them for as they are and never finding themselves tied down this is an important point sterner does not consider someone who lives a life sacrificing everything for something such as material gain as being anything more than a one-sided egoist he argues
that one must not be enslaved to a single end but should instead find themselves in a constant state of self-rule he defines as ownness this oneness entails a complete rejection of any obligations even those voluntarily undertaken i am my own only when i am master of myself instead of being mastered by anything else ownness notably is considered to be sterner's highest good this means that he does in fact have a sort of value system despite being very minimal this inclusion of a good also bars sterner from being considered a full-fledged nihilist one is being good
when one is acting entirely autonomously that's nice but what does this look like notably sterner rejects almost all morality noting that values tend to emerge from a false sense of sacredness as an involuntary egoist you fail to recognize and therefore the higher essence is to you an alien essence alienness is a criterion of the sacred from this sterner rejects basically every institution from society to family yes he states that family commitments only lead to one being tied down regarding society he entirely rejects any form of government from tyranny to democracy arguing that every state is
despotism by the despot one or many wouldn't direct democracy still work not according to sterner as he argues that even if one was voting in their own favor one day he denies that because i was a fool yesterday i must remain such sterner even rejects promises he states that the egoist must embrace moments in which they can lie about keeping a promise this is in order to determine oneself rather than be determined even if that means they are determined by previous decisions that they had made themselves what sort of world would sterner be okay with
at first he offers us the union of egoists a state of the world where autonomous individuals unite in impermanent points of connection but remain self-determining he provides two images to illustrate such a living situation firstly he asks us to imagine kids who happen upon each other and spontaneously engage in the comradeship of play secondly he provides the image of a man who bumps into a friend and joins him in some drinks not because of his loyalty to his friend but because he wants to enhance his own pleasure regarding love he argues that it will continue
in the egoistic future egoistic love allows the individual to deny themselves a certain desire in order to elevate the pleasure of another but only if such an elevation leads to one's own pleasure even in love sterner gives no space for selflessness and then comes the darker imaginings that make us wonder whether such a world will really be full of kids spontaneously plain the egoist views others as nothing but my food even as i am fed upon and turned to use by you the unlimited potential of the egoistic world allows for individuals to interact with other
individuals with no moral constraint hence sterner goes on to not condemn a widow who strangles her child or a man who treats his sister as a wife in this world we owe nothing to one another everything is permitted does sterner's philosophy sound like a dark and inverted version of the movie yes man or simply going around saying no to everything and doing whatever you want with no obligation as hailed as a moral good above all others such horrified opinions of his view fails to move sterner as he reminds his readers at the end that he
does not care about the welfare of his audience perhaps such a dark philosophy is but a reasonable product of a man who rivaled rodney dangerfield and the humiliations and poor opinion sterner endured throughout his life nonetheless and without embracing his darker tones sterner does still provide us with certain important reminders namely we should live a life full of autonomy where we may freely choose our obligations criticize the influence of external institutions diversify our aims so as not to be possessed by one and entertain the possibility that we are far from a fixed entity but please
don't kill any babies
