Easy English Podcast For Beginners (Full Episode 1-10)

Coffee Breakak English season 1 episode 1. Hello everyone and welcome to Coffee Break English. My name's Josie and my name is Mark and we are very happy to be here. Josie, tell us a little about Coffee Break English. Coffee Breakak English is a podcast which will help you improve your English if you're learning English. Each week we listen to a text from somewhere in the English-speaking world And we focus on a language point, something about grammar or maybe vocabulary. And what level is Coffee Break English for? Well, we'll be starting off quite basic. To start

with, we'll review some basic grammar. So, I would say the level is about A2 or pre-intermediate. So, if you already know some English and you want to get even better, this podcast is for you. We are going to be listening to texts from all over the English-speaking world, but Mark and I are both Scottish and we live in Scotland. We'll be hearing lots of different accents in the episodes of Coffee Break English. So, this will help you understand lots of people. That's right, Mark. So, let's get started. Okay, Josie, tell us about today's text. Today,

we're listening to Katrina, who is also Scottish, but she lives in Manchester in the UK. At the moment, she's on holiday in Italy, and she's telling us all about what she's doing there. Okay. And what language point are we learning about? We are learning about the difference between the present continuous tense and the present simple tense. That sounds good. Let's listen to the text. This week I'm on holiday with my family in Italy. I'm with my husband, our son, My sister, and her three children. We are staying in a small house in the countryside on

the Amalfi coast. We live in Manchester, which is a busy city in the UK, so it's very quiet for us here. The weather is beautiful. Today, the sun is shining and it's very hot. In Manchester, it isn't usually warm. It's usually rainy and cloudy. The children are enjoying the sun because they love playing outside And swimming in the pool. Back home, we often go swimming in the local pool, but we never swim outside. It's too cold. At the moment, we are having breakfast in the garden. The adults are drinking coffee and the children are drinking

fresh orange juice. And we are all eating some chocolate pastries. At home, we hardly ever have pastries for breakfast. We normally have cereal and Toast. We are enjoying the cool morning weather and planning what to do today. This morning we are going to the beach and then later we're having lunch in a little pizza restaurant. The food here is delicious, especially the ice cream. In the UK we rarely have ice cream, but at the moment we're buying it every day. Oh well, we're on holiday. It sounds like Katrina's having a lovely time. She's very lucky.

Okay, now let's read the text again more slowly and we'll explain about the vocabulary and the language that we hear. Mark, would you like to start reading the text again? Okay. Katrina said, "This week I'm on holiday with my family in Italy." Good. Remember holiday in British English and we can say vacation in American English. I'm on vacation with my family. I'm with my husband, her son, my sister, And her three children. We are staying in a small house in the countryside on the Amalfi coast. Good. So, they're staying in the countryside. The countryside is

not the city. So, where the mountains and the green spaces are, not in the city. So Katrina says, "We are staying in a small house." Here she uses the present continuous tense. We are staying. Why do you think she says we are staying instead of we stay, Mark? Because she's saying what she is doing at the moment. Exactly. We use the present continuous tense to say what we are doing at the time of speaking. So it's for actions in progress or temporary actions. Josie, how do we form the present continuous? Good question. To make the

present continuous, we take a part of the verb be in the present tense. In this case, the subject is we. So, we use we are. Next, we take the main verb, so the Verb with the meaning in this sentence, and we add ing to the end. Staying. This is also known as the gerand. Staying, doing, making, playing, they are all the gerand. Okay. Shall we continue? Let's go. We live in Manchester, which is a busy city in the UK, so it's very quiet for us here. Good. So here Katrina says we live in Manchester. In

this case she uses the present simple Tense because she lives in Manchester all the time in general. So when we talk about something which is generally true like a routine or a habit, we use the present simple tense. But when we talk about an action in progress or a temporary action, we use the present continuous. We are staying. We live. Okay. The weather is beautiful today. The sun is shining and it's very hot. Okay. Today the sun is shining. Here we have another example of the present continuous. Katrina says this is happening today. So we

use the present continuous is shining. In this case, we use the third person form of the verb be. Is the sun is it, so we use is. The sun is shining. But Katrina said it is very hot. Why is that the case? Good question. The present continuous doesn't work for all verbs. So for the verb to be, we don't use that in the present continuous. We can't say it is being very hot, for example. That's right. It sounds a bit funny. Yes, it does. So even if we're talking about an action in progress, we just

use the present simple form of to be. It is very hot. Okay. In Manchester, it isn't usually warm. It's usually rainy and cloudy. Yes. This is typical UK weather, isn't It? Rainy and cloudy. Absolutely. Yes. But warm. That's somewhere in between hot and cold. The perfect temperature, I think. And in this sentence, it isn't usually warm. Katrina uses the present simple again because she's talking about something in general. In Manchester in general, it isn't usually warm. This word usually, this tells us that we should Use the present simple. It's called an adverb of frequency. And

we'll see more adverbs of frequency later in the text. The children are enjoying the sun because they love playing outside and swimming in the pool. Yes. So, the children are enjoying the sun. Again, this is an action in progress with the present continuous because they love playing outside. This means not in a building, Not in a house. So outside, in this case, in the pool outside. Back home, we often go swimming in the local pool, but we never swim outside. It's too cold. Yes. So, here we have more examples of the present simple. We often

go and we never swim. Katrina also uses adverbs of frequency here. Often and never. Okay. You said often and I said often. That's right. I didn't make a mistake And you didn't make a mistake either. We can say often or often. They're exactly the same. Let's continue with the text. At the moment, we are having breakfast in the garden. Good. That sounds nice, doesn't it? Breakfast in the garden. Absolutely. Yeah. We rarely do that in Scotland, but Katrina is doing this at the moment in Italy. So, she uses this phrase at the moment to say

that it's Happening at the time that she's speaking. Is at the moment an adverb of frequency? A good question. It's not an adverb of frequency. Adverbs of frequency always go before the verb in the phrase. So for example, we often go, we never swim. However, when the verb is to be, the adverb of frequency goes after. For example, it is usually rainy. So to return to your question, at the moment is not an adverb Of frequency. It's just a short phrase that we put at the beginning of the sentence to tell us when the action

is happening. So usually when we use at the moment, we use the present continuous. That's right. Okay. The adults are drinking coffee and the children are drinking fresh orange juice and we are all eating some chocolate pastries. Good. So, all of these actions are happening as Katrina is speaking. So, they are all in the present continuous. Are drinking. Are drinking. and we're eating some chocolate pastries. That sounds delicious. M I'm feeling hungry at the moment. And good use of the present continuous there, Mark. Thank you. Okay. At home, we hardly ever have pastries for breakfast.

We normally have cereal and toast. Good. So Katrina is comparing her breakfast in Italy to her breakfast at Home. So she uses the present simple to talk about the breakfast at home. We hardly ever have pastries. We normally have cereal and toast. This is what she does every day. It's a routine for her. So we use the present simple. So hardly ever and normally are these adverbs of frequency. Yes, they are. Hardly ever means almost never. Nearly never. And normally, well, that's the Same as usually, generally. Okay, let's continue. We are enjoying the cool morning

weather and planning what to do today. Good. So, Katrina is back to the present continuous. We are enjoying and planning. That's also the present continuous. We are planning. This morning we are going to the beach and then later we're having lunch in a little pizza restaurant. Good. So here we're using the present Continuous again this morning. We are going to the beach. But Katrina already told us that at the moment she is having breakfast, right, Mark? Yeah. She can't do both things at the same time. No. Exactly. So, here we have a different use of

the present continuous. We can use it to talk about our future plans or arrangements when we are very sure about what we're going to do in the future. So Katrina knows that soon they are going to the beach and later they're having lunch. That's right. These are their plans. So they use the present continuous. So Mark, I could ask you, what are you doing this evening? This evening I am watching a film with my family. That sounds lovely. What are you doing this evening? H this evening I'm not watching a film. I'm reading a book,

I think. Okay, that sounds good, too. Let's continue with our text. The food here is delicious, especially the ice cream. Good. So, the food here is delicious. Delicious means very good, very tasty food. I agree with Katrina. Italian food is delicious. Yes, I love it too. Okay, let's continue. In the UK, we rarely have ice cream, but at the moment, we're buying it every day. Good. So, in the UK, we rarely have ice cream. So present simple here talking about Katrina's normal life. We rarely we almost never have ice cream. But at the moment present

continuous we are buying it every day. Oh well we're on holiday. And here Katrina says we are on holiday. So remember, no present continuous with The verb to be. We are on holiday. Even though she's on holiday at the moment. That's right. Okay. Shall we listen to the text again? That sounds like a good idea. So we can listen and listen out for everything we have talked about today. Sounds good. This week I'm on holiday with my family in Italy. I'm with my husband, our son, my sister, and her three Children. We are staying in

a small house in the countryside on the Amalfi Coast. We live in Manchester, which is a busy city in the UK, so it's very quiet for us here. The weather is beautiful. Today the sun is shining and it's very hot in Manchester. It isn't usually warm. It's usually rainy and cloudy. The children are enjoying the sun because they love playing outside and swimming in the pool. Back home, we often go swimming in The local pool, but we never swim outside. It's too cold. At the moment, we are having breakfast in the garden. The adults are

drinking coffee and the children are drinking fresh orange juice and we are all eating some chocolate pastries. At home, we hardly ever have pastries for breakfast. We normally have cereal and toast. We are enjoying the cool morning weather and planning what to do Today. This morning we are going to the beach and then later we're having lunch in a little pizza restaurant. The food here is delicious, especially the ice cream. In the UK we rarely have ice cream, but at the moment we are buying it every day. Oh, well, we're on holiday. Coffee Break English,

season 1, episode 2. Hello and welcome to another episode of Coffee Break English. My name's Josie and my name is Mark. We are very happy To be back with you for another episode. How are you today, Josie? I'm very well, thank you, Mark. How are you? I'm okay. I'm a little tired today. Well, hopefully today's episode can wake you up a little. That sounds good. What is our topic today, Josie? Today we're listening to a text all about films and we're focusing on the past simple tense of the verb be. Okay, let's have a listen

to our text. And today we're listening to Kate from The United States of America. And don't worry if you don't understand every word that Kate says. The most important thing is to understand the general meaning. Okay, let's have a listen to our text. Do you like watching films? I do. I love fantasy films because the stories are always really exciting. I also like biopics because they help me learn about real events from history. The word biopic comes from the words biography and picture. So it Is a film about someone's life. The last biopic I watched

was First Man, which tells the story of Neil Armstrong, who was the first man on the moon. The script was excellent, and the special effects were impressive. I like most genres of film, but I really don't like romantic comedies. The stories and characters are always unrealistic. The last romantic comedy I watched was terrible. The plot wasn't Interesting and the actors weren't very good. I was very bored and it was difficult to stay awake. I quite like horror films, but they're very scary. Once I watched the horror film, A Quiet Place in the cinema with my

friends. We were very scared because the cinema was so dark. As well as that, there wasn't any music in the film, so the atmosphere was very tense. We were all terrified. Now I prefer to watch horror movies at home with the lights on. What Genres of film do you like? What was the last film you watched? Well, Josie, what was the last film you watched? Hm, good question, Mark. I think the last film that I watched was a Monty Python film. Ah, so a classic British comedy film. Excellent. What about you? What was the last

film you watched? The last film I watched was a French film. It's called Shabra. Ah, The Untouchables in English, I Think. So, let's take a look at our text again. Yes. Let's read each line and then we'll talk about the language. So, can you read the first line, Mark? Okay. Do you like watching films? I do. Great. So, the first thing to notice here is we're starting with a question. Do you like watching films? Remember, with most questions, we use an auxiliary verb or a helping verb, which helps us make the question. In this case,

it is do because we're in the present simple. Okay. So, we said, "Do you like watching films?" And then the answer was, "I do." That's right. We just repeat the auxiliary verb. And also, do you like watching films? Is there another word for film, Mark? We could say movie. That's right. Film is British English and movie is American English. But to be honest, we can use both, can't we? Absolutely. Yeah. Okay, let's continue. I love fantasy films because the stories are always really exciting. Good. So, fantasy films. Can you give me an example of a

fantasy film? Perhaps some of the Marvel films could be fantasy films like Avengers Endgame. That's right. Yes. Something with superheroes or something in an imaginary world like The Lord of the Rings films. Okay. I also like biopics. because they help me to learn about real Events from history. The word biopic comes from the words biography and picture. So it's a film about someone's life. Good. So the word biopic, it's a film about someone's life. Good. The last biopic I watched was First Man, which tells the story of Neil Armstrong, who was the first man on

the moon. Good. Did you see this biopic, Mark, First Man? No. Uh, did you see it? Yes, I did. It's a really good film. I Recommend it to you. Oh, thanks. Also in this phrase we have the word was. The last biopic I watched was first man. Was is the past tense of the verb be in the third person in this case. So Neil Armstrong was the first man on the moon. That's right. Okay. The script was excellent and the special effects were impressive. Good. So, the script was excellent. Again, the past tense of be.

And what is a script, Mark? A script is the words That the actors speak in the film. That's right. And the special effects were impressive. Special effects are the things which are added by a computer in a movie because this film was not filmed on the moon. No, it wasn't. I think it would be a bit too difficult to film a movie on the moon. Here we use the past tense of be again which is were the special effect were Impressive. In this case were is the third person plural of to be? Okay. Should we

go through all of the parts of to be? That's a good idea. Yes. So I was, you were, he, she or it was, we were, and they were. Good. So, it's not too difficult. There are only two forms to choose from. Was and were. Welcome back. Today we're talking about cinema. Yes, we talked about fantasy films. And biopics. And now we're going to talk about more types of movies. Okay. I like most genres of film, but I really don't like romantic comedies. Good. So, this word genres, what does that mean, Mark? It's just like saying

types or sorts of film. Exactly. types, sorts, kinds of film and it's a French word which we use in English. Okay. So, but I really don't like Romantic comedies. So, a romantic comedy is a film which has some some romance, some love, a love story and some comedy. So, it's funny too. Exactly. So maybe a film like uh Notting Hill is a romantic comedy. Okay. Or Love Actually. That's right. A Christmas romantic comedy. Okay. The stories and characters are always unrealistic. Good. So the characters, these are the people in the story, the people in the

Film, and they are unrealistic. So if the stories and characters are unrealistic, that means it's hard to believe them. That's right. Yes, we can see the word real in the word unrealistic. So realistic means like real life, like reality. And unrealistic is the opposite. It's not like reality. I don't believe it. Excellent. The last romantic comedy I watched was terrible. Yes. So here we have some more past tense of to be was. The last romantic comedy I watched was terrible. Third person again. And terrible means really, really bad. Let's find out why it was terrible.

The plot wasn't interesting and the actors weren't very good. H Let's look at some vocabulary first in this phrase. The plot. What's the plot, Mark? That's the story. What happens in the film? Exactly. We can talk about the Plot of a film, the plot of a TV series, or the plot of a book. And the actors are the stars of the film. That's right. Brad Pitt is a famous actor. Okay. Also in this sentence, we have the past tense of be in the negative form. The plot wasn't interesting. Wasn't is short for was not. This

is a contraction. And weren't is short for were not. So we can say the plot was not interesting and the actors were not very good. That's Right. Let's continue. I was very bored and it was difficult to stay awake. Good. So I was very bored. I I wasn't interested. I was bored and it was difficult to stay awake. Awake is when you are not asleep. Yes. Think of the verb to wake up in the morning. That's right. I quite like horror films, but they are very scary. Yes. So a horror film is a film which

is very Scary. Maybe it has monsters or ghosts in it. Uh for example, uh The Exorcist is a famous horror film. That's right. I hate horror films. They are too scary for me. Do you like horror films, Mark? I don't like horror films at all, but Kate says, "Once I watched the horror film A Quiet Place in the Cinema with my friends. We were very scared because the cinema was so dark." Yes. Kate says she likes horror films, but when she watched A Quiet Place, she Was very scared. And why was she scared, Mark? Because

the cinema was so dark. That's right. It was dark. It wasn't light. There were no lights on in the cinema. Okay. As well as that, there wasn't any music in the film. So, the atmosphere was very tense. Good. So, another example of be in the past tense. There wasn't any music. And the atmosphere, what's the atmosphere, Mark? It's the feeling. It's the impression That you get when watching the film. That's right. Yes. And the atmosphere was very tense. Tense is the opposite of relaxed. So, they were tense. They were scared. The cinema was dark. There

was no music. That doesn't sound like fun to me. Me neither. Okay. Kate says, "We were all terrified. Now I prefer to watch horror movies at home with the lights on." Good. So, we were all terrified. Terrified means very, very scared. And so now she doesn't like going to the cinema to watch horror films. Yes. She watches them in her house at home with the lights on. So not in the dark. Okay. Then she says, "What genres of films do you like? What was the last film you watched?" Yes. So here she finishes with a

question with the verb be in the past tense. What was the last film you watched? Remember to make a question with to be. We simply change the subject and the verb in the Phrase. For example, Mark, what was your favorite film when you were a child? Uh, when I was a child, my favorite film was The Sound of Music. Oh, me too. I love that film. It's still my favorite film. I think that's it's a good choice. Okay, let's listen again to Kate's text. Do you like watching films? I do. I love fantasy films because

the stories are always really Exciting. I also like biopics because they help me learn about real events from history. The word biopic comes from the words biography and picture. So it is a film about someone's life. The last biopic I watched was First Man, which tells the story of Neil Armstrong, who was the first man on the moon. The script was excellent, and the special effects were impressive. I like most genres of film, but I really don't like romantic Comedies. The stories and characters are always unrealistic. The last romantic comedy I watched was terrible. The

plot wasn't interesting and the actors weren't very good. I was very bored and it was difficult to stay awake. I quite like horror films, but they're very scary. Once I watched the horror film, A Quiet Place in the cinema with my friends. We were very scared because the cinema was so dark. As well as that, there wasn't Any music in the film, so the atmosphere was very tense. We were all terrified. Now I prefer to watch horror movies at home with the lights on. What genres of film do you like? What was the last film

you watched? That's it for this lesson. Coffee Breakak English season 1 episode 3. Hello everyone and welcome back to Coffee Break English. My name's Josie. And my name's Mark. How are you today, Josie? I'm very well, thank you, Mark. I'm excited for another Episode. How are you? I'm well, too. And yes, I too am looking forward to this episode because it's about music. And I love music. That's right. Me, too. And today, we're talking about a very, very famous English pop band. It's the Beatles. Excellent. Now, Josie, what are the language points that we're going

to be looking at today? Today, we'll be looking at the past simple tense. Okay. Well, we can listen for them in The text. Let's have a listen. And because we're talking about an English band, let's listen to Susan from London. I'm sure you know the Beatles. They are one of the most famous pop bands in the world. John Lennon and Paul McCartney created the band in Liverpool in the UK in 1960 when they were teenagers. At the beginning, the band didn't have the same name. They were called the Quarry Men. After a few months, George

Harrison joined the band. They changed their name To the Beatles and they went to Hamburg in Germany to play in bars and clubs. In 1962, they fired their drummer because they didn't think he was very good. Then they found Ringo Star and the band was complete. They released their first album, Please Me, in 1963 and soon they were famous all over the world. The love and excitement of their fans was called Beatle Mania. Their fans screamed and cried at the Beatles concerts, and some of them even Thought that the band had supernatural powers. Between 1963

and 1970, the Beatles made 13 albums and even some films. In 1970, after an incredible career of 10 years, the band decided they didn't want to continue making music together, and they separated. The four Beatles all had successful solo careers, and Paul McCartney and Ringo Star are still making music today, although they are quite old now. John Lennon died in 1980 after he was shot by A Beatles van in New York and George Harrison died later in 2001. The Beatles are still very famous today and there are many books and films about their amazing story.

In 2003, Rolling Stone magazine decided that their album Sergeant Peppa's Lonely Hearts Club Band was the best album of all time. The Beatles were actually inspired by another singer, Elvis Presley. When they were teenagers in Liverpool, they loved Elvis and they Wanted to be famous for their music just like him. Their dreams came true. Thank you, Susan. So, let's review the text and we can talk about some of the vocabulary and language that we find. Would you like to read the first phrase, Mark? Absolutely. I'm sure you know the Beatles. They are one of the

most famous pop bands in the world. Yes. So, they are famous. Famous means everybody knows them. They are very Known. Okay. John Lennon and Paul McCartney created the band in Liverpool in the UK in 1960 when they were teenagers. Lots of information there. Yes, this is quite a long phrase. Let's start at the beginning. John Lennon and Paul McCartney created the band. created is in the past simple tense because this of course happened in the past. We make the past simple by just adding e d onto the end of the Infinitive verb. In this case,

the infinitive is create and create already has an e on the end. So we just add d. Create. created. So they created the band where in Liverpool in the UK in 1960. Okay. So we've got a when there too in 1960 and that's when they were teenagers. That's right. Just about 1960. Often people think it's difficult To say dates in English, but actually it's quite easy. We can divide the date in the middle and say it in two separate numbers. 1960 and that was when they were teenagers. What's a teenager, Mark? It's a young person

who is between the ages of 13 and 19. That's right. Exactly. An adolescent. We could call them as well. Let's continue. At the beginning, the band didn't have the same name. They were called the Quarry Men. Good. So here we have another example of the past simple. The band didn't have the same name. This is the past simple in the negative form. And to make that, we just use the auxiliary verb, the helping verb didn't, and we put it in front of the infinitive verb. Didn't have. Okay? So, they didn't have the same name. They

had a different name. They were called the quarry men. After a few months, George Harrison Joined the band. They changed their name to the Beatles and they went to Hamburg in Germany to play in bars and clubs. Here we have three more examples of the past simple. George Harrison joined the band. That's a regular past simple verb join plus ed. They changed their name to the Beatles. That is similar to created in the first phrase. Change already ends in e, so we just add d. Okay, that makes Sense. But what about went? Yes, went is

an irregular verb. So that means it doesn't follow the same structure as the other verbs. Went is the past simple form of go. It's very different from the verb go. So we don't say they goed to Hamburg. We say they went to Hamburg. It's irregular. Okay. So, they went to Hamburg in Germany to play in bars and clubs. Let's continue. In 1962, they fired their drummer because they didn't think he was very good. Good. They fired their drummer. First of all, what does fire mean, Mark? They dismissed their drummer. They told the drummer that he

didn't have a job. Good. And the the drummer is the person who plays the drums in the band. And fired, it's in the past simple as well. So, they fired their drummer because they didn't think he was very good. Didn't think is the negative form of the past Simple. again with didn't. Okay. Then they found Ringo Star and the band was complete. Good. So they found Ringo Star. This is another example of an irregular verb in the past simple. And the infinitive form is find. So I find in the present. I found in the past.

Okay. So, the band was complete. We have another irregular verb there. That's right. To be is irregular. And we looked At um the past form of to be in the previous episode. Exactly. Okay. Let's go on. They released their first album, Please Me, in 1963 and soon they were famous all over the world. Good. They released their first album released. Again, it's the past simple and it's a regular verb. And their first album, Please Me. Have you listened to this album, Mark? I have listened to this album and I think It's great, but I prefer

their later albums. Ah, I think I prefer their earlier albums. H interesting. Okay. And soon they were famous all over the world. Yes, they were famous in many many countries in the world. Okay. The love and excitement of their fans was called Beetle Mania. Yes. I remember seeing some video clips and some pictures of Beatles fans. Fans are people who love the Beatles. And they looked very, very excited when they saw them. That's right. Their fans screamed and cried at the Beatles concerts. And some of them even thought that the band had supernatural powers. Yes,

lots to talk about in this phrase. Their fans screamed and cried. Maybe when you see a horror film, you scream. Or when you see a spider or something scary, you scream. And they cried. So when you are Sad or emotional, you you cry. Okay. So screamed is regular. We add ed. But what about cried? Yes, cried is a little different. The infinitive of cry is c r y. But when we change it to the past simple, we remove the y and we add i e d. So the past simple verb is spelled c r i

e d. And this works the same way as for example to try. That's right. Exactly right. T r y in the infinitive and t r i e d in the past Simple. Okay. So their fans screamed and cried at the Beatles concerts and some of them even thought that the band had supernatural powers. Yes. So here we have two irregular verbs in the past simple. The first one is thought. So the infinitive of thought is think. Think in the present and thought in the past. And the other irregular verb here. Yes. The other irregular verb

is had. And That comes from have. I have in the present. I had in the past. And what are supernatural powers, Josie? So, a power is something that you can do. If we think of a superhero, the things that they can do are their powers, the special things they can do. For example, Superman can fly. That is his power. And supernatural that means more than natural, not natural. Let's practice the past simple a little bit. Mark, that sounds like a good idea. Okay. So, what did you do last night, Mark? Last night I watched the

TV and read a book. That sounds very relaxing. It was. What did you do last night, Josie? Last night I cooked dinner. Mhm. And I called my mom on the phone. How was your mom? She was fine. Good to know. Um, and notice there when We asked each other what we did last night, the structure of this question is we need to use an auxiliary verb like we do in the present simple to make questions. In the present simple, we use do. For example, what do you do? And in the past simple, we use did,

which is the past simple of do. What did you do last night? Okay. Shall we continue with the text? Between 1963 and 1970, the Beatles made 13 albums and even some films. Good. So here we have the verb made which is the past simple of make. Okay. In 1970 after an incredible career of 10 years the band decided they didn't want to continue making music together and they separated. Yes. Another long phrase here. So in 1970 after an incredible career, what does incredible mean? It means unbelievable, wonderful, amazing. That's Right. Very, very good. Uh, the

band decided. They didn't want to continue. Decided is the past simple. It's a regular verb. And didn't want, that's a negative past simple. And separated is just another past simple. That's right. Let's continue. The four Beatles all had successful solo careers and Paul McCartney and Ringo Star are still making music today, although they are quite old now. Good. So the four Beatles all Had had, as we saw before, I think is the past simple of have. It's irregular. They had successful solo careers. Josie, what does successful mean? So success as a noun. Success is something

good that comes maybe in your life or your work like uh money or happiness or becoming famous like the Beatles. Okay. So, they had successful solo careers when they sang on their own. That's right. When they sang alone. Mhm. And at the end of this phrase, they had successful solo careers and Paul McCartney and Ringoar are still making music today. Although they are quite old now. What does although mean? It's very similar to but. That's right. It's an alternative way to say but. And the pronunciation of although is quite difficult. We spell it a l

t h o u g h. This o u g h. That's quite difficult to pronounce. Sometimes there are different ways to pronounce it Depending on the word. That's right. Many different ways. Uh, for now, although just remember although, okay, John Lennon died in 1980 after he was shot by a Beatles fan in New York and George Harrison died later in 2001. Yes. So, John Lennon died. Died is a regular verb in the past simple. in 1980 after he was shot by a Beatles fan. He was shot with a gun and George Harrison died later in

2001. I say 2001, but I think in certain places that would be said differently. That's right. We can also say 2001 without the and. And that's the same for all of the years from 2001 to 2021. 2021 or 2021. They are the same. Okay, let's continue on. The Beatles are still very famous today and there are many books and films about their amazing story. In 2003, Rolling Stone magazine decided that their album Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band was the best album of all time. Good. Rolling Stone magazine decided decided regular past simple verb that

Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band was the best album. Best means the number one the top very very good of all time. So the the best album in history. The Beatles were actually inspired by another singer, Elvis Presley. When they were teenagers in Liverpool, they loved Elvis and they wanted to be famous for their music just like him. Good. Another two uh regular past simple verbs here. They loved Elvis and they wanted to be famous for their music. And the final sentence, Mark, well, their dreams came true. That's right. And came is an irregular verb.

The infinitive is come. So, I come in the present. I came in the past. And what does their dreams came true mean, Mark? They were able to achieve everything they wanted to. That's right. It means the things that they dreamed about that they wanted to be famous like Elvis. Those dreams they became reality, Their real life. Mark, my final question for today. Who do you prefer, the Beatles or Elvis? [Music] I think I prefer the Beatles. Me, too. I'm a big Beatles fan. So that was the correct answer from you. Okay, let's listen again to

Susan reading the whole text. Over to you, Susan. I'm sure you know the Beatles. They are one of the most famous pop bands in the World. John Lennon and Paul McCartney created the band in Liverpool in the UK in 1960 when they were teenagers. At the beginning, the band didn't have the same name. They were called the Quarry Men. After a few months, George Harrison joined the band. They changed their name to the Beatles, and they went to Hamburg in Germany to play in bars and clubs. In 1962, they fired their drummer because they didn't

think he was very good. Then They found Ringo Star and the band was complete. They released their first album, Please Me, in 1963, and soon they were famous all over the world. The love and excitement of their fans was called Beatle Mania. Their fans screamed and cried at the Beatles concerts, and some of them even thought that the band had supernatural powers. Between 1963 and 1970, the Beatles made 13 albums and even some films. In 1970, after an incredible Career of 10 years, the band decided they didn't want to continue making music together and they

separated. The four Beatles all had successful solo careers and Paul McCartney and Ringo Star are still making music today although they are quite old now. John Lennon died in 1980 after he was shot by a Beatles fan in New York and George Harrison died later in 2001. The Beatles are still very famous today and there are many books and films about their Amazing story. In 2003, Rolling Stone magazine decided that their album, Sergeant Peppa's Lonely Hearts Club Band, was the best album of all time. The Beatles were actually inspired by another singer, Elvis Presley. When

they were teenagers in Liverpool, they loved Elvis and they wanted to be famous for their music just like him. Their dreams came true. Okay, that's it for this episode of Coffee Break English. Coffee Breakak English season 1, episode 4. Hello everyone and welcome back to Coffee Break English. My name is Josie and I'm Mark and we are very happy to be here today. Josie, what are we talking about today? Today we are in the USA with Kate and she's telling us all about where she lives. Okay. And are there any language points that we need

to listen out for? Yes. Today we are focusing on adverbs of manner. H what does that mean? So, an adverb is basically a word that describes a verb. So, it describes how you do something. Like, I walk slowly. Slowly describes the way that I walk. Okay, let's listen to our text and then we'll talk about it afterwards. Hey, I'm Kate and I live in Colorado Springs in the USA. Colorado Springs is a city in the state of Colorado and about 470,000 people live here. In general, the people who live Here are quite friendly and people

in shops and restaurants always talk to you politely. The city is next to the Rocky Mountains, so you always have an amazing view of them. In fact, there is a limit on how tall buildings can be so that everyone can see the mountains easily from anywhere in the city. Because we are so close to the mountains, a lot of people love doing activities like hiking and skiing in their free time. We work hard During the week so that at the weekend we can escape into the mountains and enjoy nature. But it's not just the locals

who enjoy being outside and exercising. The US Olympic team comes to Colorado Springs to train because it is high above sea level. Once I saw some athletes training in the mountains. They were running up and down them so fast. Colorado Springs is a good place to be if you like being outside because it is often sunny here. There are usually Around 300 days of sunshine each year and it rarely rains. It's not very easy to get around in Colorado Springs because the public transport doesn't work well. A lot of people have motorbikes, but they drive

very dangerously because Colorado is the only state in the US where it isn't a law to wear a helmet on a motorbike. I prefer cycling or going by car to get around safely. The food here is delicious, but we don't eat very Healthily. We love burgers and barbecued meat and you can easily find TMEX food because there are a lot of Hispanic people here. I love living in Colorado Springs. Seeing the sunrise over the Rocky Mountains every morning is the perfect way to start the day. Do you like your town or city? Are people friendly?

What's the weather like? Lots of questions from Kate there at the end. Yes, that's right. I hope our listeners Can answer them on Facebook after this episode. Perfect. Okay, let's go back through the text now. Yes. Can you read the first phrase, Mark? Okay. So, Kate said, "Hi, I'm Kate and I live in Colorado Springs in the USA." Colorado Springs is a city in the state of Colorado and about 470,000 people live here. Good. So this number 470,000 people. You said 470,000 but Kate said 470,000. So, both of these are correct. It depends where you're

from. Mhm. Okay. In general, the people who live here are quite friendly and people in shops and restaurants always talk to you politely. Yes. So, Kate says, "People always talk to you politely." This is an example of an adverb of manner and it comes from the adjective polite. Polite means someone who is nice, kind, they say please and thank You. So, we could say people are polite and the adjective polite describes the noun people. Or people talk to you politely. Politely describes the verb talk. The way that people talk to you is polite. Okay. The

city is next to the Rocky Mountains. So you always have an amazing view of them. Good. So an amazing view is a very very good view. Okay, let's continue. In fact, there is a limit on How tall buildings can be so that everyone can see the mountains easily from anywhere in the city. Good. So there is a limit. There is a maximum of how tall buildings can be so that everyone can see the mountains easily. Easily is another adverb, an adverb of manner. The adjective is easy and the adverb is easily. We can see the

mountains easily. Okay, Josie. So, we saw politely and we've seen Easily. Do you always add ly to the end of the adjective? Good question. To make an adverb usually, we add ly. That's the regular way to do this. And in the case of easily, the adjective easy, it ends in y. So when we add l Y, we change the Y at the end of easy to I. Okay, let's look at some further examples in the rest of the text. Because we are so close to the mountains, a lot of people love doing Activities like hiking

and skiing in their free time. Good. So, the people in Colorado Springs, they like hiking, walking in the mountains, and skiing. Do you like hiking or skiing, Mark? I love both hiking and skiing, but I don't often get the chance to ski, unfortunately. Yes, me too. I I love hiking, so I would love to visit Colorado Springs. Good. Kate goes on, "We work hard during the week so that at the weekend we can Escape into the mountains and enjoy nature." Good. So, you asked me before, Mark, if we always add ly to make an adverb.

And now we have an example of an irregular adverb. We work hard. In this case, it's quite an easy irregular adverb because the adverb is the same as the adjective. So, I could say, "My job is hard." There, it's an Adjective describing my job. Or, "I work hard." There, I'm describing the way that I work. Okay. So, we escape into the mountains and enjoy nature. Yes, we uh get away from the city. We escape. We run away into the mountains. Okay. But it's not just the locals who enjoy being outside and exercising. Good. So the

locals, the locals are the people who live in a place. Is local always a noun? No. In this case, local Means a person, but it can also be an adjective. For example, the local area where I live. That's the the area which is around where I live. It's an adjective in that case. So, who else enjoys being outside and exercising? Well, Kate says the US Olympic team comes to Colorado Springs to train because it is high above sea level. Good. So, it's high above sea level. What is sea level, Mark? Sea level is the level

of the sea where the land meets the sea. Exactly. Yes. And um the US Olympic team comes to Colorado Springs to train. They come to to exercise to prepare for their Olympic competition. Okay. And the word train, that is the same word as the transport. So I take the train to work. It's the same word with a completely different meaning. Good. Okay. Kate says, "Once I saw some athletes training in the mountains. They Were running up and down them so fast." Yes. So Kate says she saw some athletes training. Saw is an example of an

irregular past simple verb and it comes from the verb see. We learned about the past simple in the previous episode. Okay. And at the end of this phrase, Kate says, "The the athletes, the Olympic team were running up and down the mountains so fast." Fast in this case is another Adverb. It describes the way that they were running up and down the mountains. But the adverb is the same as the adjective in this case. That's right. We could say, "My car is fast." That's the adjective form. And I drive fast using the adverb. Exactly. And

is that true? Do you drive fast, Mark? No. I drive very carefully. Good. And uh a good example of an adverb carefully comes from the adjective careful. Let's continue the Text. Colorado Springs is a good place to be if you like being outside because it's often sunny here. There are usually around 300 days of sunshine each year and it rarely rains. Wow. I would love to live in Colorado Springs if they have 300 days of sunshine of sun. It sounds perfect. Very different from Scotland. That's true. Josie, can I ask you about the word rarely?

It ends in ly. Is that an adverb? That's a really good question. It is an adverb. Rarely is an adverb, but it's not the same type of adverb that we're focusing on today. It's not an adverb of manner because it doesn't describe the way that we do an action. Rarely is actually an adverb of frequency. That's right. It's the opposite of often, which we saw in the previous sentence. It's often sunny here. Exactly. Let's continue. Okay. Now, this next part is Kate's opinion. She thinks that the public transport doesn't work well. Let's listen to what

she says. It's not very easy to get around in Colorado Springs because the public transport doesn't work well. Yes. So Kate thinks that it's difficult to get around to move to travel in the city because the public transport so the bus the trains doesn't work well and well is also an adverb of manner but it's a very irregular adverb Of manner. Well comes from the adjective good. It's very different. Very very different. So for example, we can say your English is good. There good is an adjective. Mhm. Or you speak English well. And well is

an adverb describing the way that you speak English. Good. Okay, Kate says, "A lot of people have Motorbikes, but they drive very dangerously because Colorado is the only state in the US where it isn't a law to wear a helmet on a motorbike." Yes, a lot of people have motorbikes or motorcycles, but they drive very dangerously. This adverb comes from the adjective dangerous, and it's regular because Colorado is the only state in the US where it isn't a law, where it isn't a rule to wear a helmet. What's a helmet, Mark? It's a thing that

You wear to protect your head. Exactly. This sounds very dangerous to me. I hope that not many people ride motorbikes in this way. Indeed. And if you, our listeners, are in Colorado, we would suggest that you wear a helmet. Yes, that is our recommendation to you. Okay. So Kate continues and she says, "I prefer cycling or going by car to get around safely." Good. So safely is the opposite of Dangerously and it comes from the adjective safe. So if you wear a helmet on a motorbike, you are safe. Okay, let's continue. The food here is

delicious, but we don't eat very healthily. We love burgers and barbecued meat. And you can easily find Tex makes food because there are a lot of Hispanic people here. Good. So, the food here is delicious. It's very, very good. But we don't eat very healthily. Healthily comes from the Adjective healthy. And because it ends in Y, we remove the Y and we add I L Y. Now, the word barbecued is interesting. Yes, there are a few ways that we can spell barbecue. In this case, it's spelled B A R B E Q U E. And

that's the British way to spell it. How would it be spelled in America? In the US, we would spell it B A R B E C U E. So C replaces Q. But many people just write BB Q the letters because it's quite a difficult word to spell. Yeah. And BBQ is definitely easier. Yes. Okay. Kit says, "I love living in Colorado Springs. Seeing the sun rise over the Rocky Mountains every morning is the perfect way to start the day." Good. So, she loves seeing the sun rise, the sun come up into the sky. Okay.

And then she asks us some questions. Do you like your town or City? Are people friendly? What's the weather like? Yes. And if you have access to our bonus audio for this episode, Mark and I are having a conversation and we're answering these questions. Okay, you can look forward to that. If you don't have access to that, then we'll tell you how to get access to that in just a moment. For now, let's listen to Kate's text again. Hey, I'm Kate and I live in Colorado Springs in the USA. Colorado Springs is a city in

the state of Colorado and about 470,000 people live here. In general, the people who live here are quite friendly and people in shops and restaurants always talk to you politely. The city is next to the Rocky Mountains, so you always have an amazing view of them. In fact, there is a limit on how tall buildings can be so that everyone can see the mountains easily From anywhere in the city. Because we are so close to the mountains, a lot of people love doing activities like hiking and skiing in their free time. We work hard during

the week so that at the weekend we can escape into the mountains and enjoy nature. But it's not just the locals who enjoy being outside and exercising. The US Olympic team comes to Colorado Springs to train because it is high above sea level. Once I saw some athletes training in the mountains. They Were running up and down them so fast. Colorado Springs is a good place to be if you like being outside because it is often sunny here. There are usually around 300 days of sunshine each year and it rarely rains. It's not very easy

to get around in Colorado Springs because the public transport doesn't work well. A lot of people have motorbikes, but they drive very dangerously because Colorado is the only state in the US where it isn't a law to Wear a helmet on a motorbike. I prefer cycling or going by car to get around safely. The food here is delicious, but we don't eat very healthily. We love burgers and barbecued meat and you can easily find Texmex food because there are a lot of Hispanic people here. I love living in Colorado Springs. Seeing the sunrise over the

Rocky Mountains every morning is the perfect way to start the day. Do you like your town or city? Are people Friendly? What's the weather like? Coffee Break English season 1 episode 5. Hello and welcome to Coffee Break English. My name is Josie and I'm Mark and we're very happy to be back with you today. How are you, Josie? I'm fine, thank you Mark. I'm a little tired today, but okay. How are you? I'm very well today and I'm looking forward to visiting Australia with you. Yes, me too. Today we're finding out about the most famous

animal in Australia. Excellent. Let's get started then. Today we're listening to Matthew from Australia and we're focusing on the words much, many, and a lot of today. Okay, let's have a listen to the text then. Over to you, Matthew. What's the first animal that comes to your mind when you think of Australia? The kangaroo, of course. Kangaroos, or RS as Australians call them, are animals from the macropod family. Macropod means big foot. And kangaroos certainly do Have big feet. They also have a lot of power in their legs, which means that they can hop very

high and very fast. Sometimes they can hop at 70 km per hour. They are the only big mammals to use hopping to move around instead of walking or running. Kangaroos are native to Australia. So, there aren't many kangaroos in other countries because they only live in zoos. But in Australia, there are around 50 million Kangaroos and only 25 million people. Most of them live in quiet areas far from towns and cities. But locals say that in most parts of the country, you don't have to wait for much time to see one. In fact, the kangaroo

population is growing very fast and rs are now considered to be pests. A lot of Australians don't have much patience for kangaroos and the Australian government kills some kangaroos every year to make sure that the numbers don't get out of Control. The meat from these kangaroos is exported to a lot of countries around the world. And for a lot of Australians, it is a healthy alternative to other meat because it doesn't contain much fat. Although they are sometimes annoying, Australians are very proud of RS. They are the national animal. And there aren't many Australian businesses

and products which don't use pictures of kangaroos in advertising. You can see kangaroos on the logos of airlines, Government organizations, and even the Australian Army. So, if you visit Australia, get ready to see lots of kangaroos. Another very interesting text. I would love to go to Australia. Have you ever seen a kangaroo, Josie? No, I have never seen a kangaroo. I have been to Australia, but I've never seen a kangaroo. I've only seen a kangaroo in a zoo. Okay. Shall we go through the text? Good idea. Let's read through the text and talk about the

language that we Find. Would you like to read, Mark? Okay. What's the first animal that comes to your mind when you think of Australia? Yes. So your your mind that is your your brain, isn't it? Yeah. So what's the first animal that comes into your head when you think of Australia? The kangaroo of course. Kangaroos or ruse as Australians call them are animals from the macropod family. Macropod means big foot. And kangaroos Certainly do have big feet. Yes. And they do have big feet. Remember that feet is the plural of foot. And it's an irregular

plural. So one foot, two feet. That's right. We don't say two foots. No. Okay. They also have a lot of power in their legs which means they can hop very high and very fast. Sometimes they can hop at 70 km per hour. Yes. So in this sentence we have the first example of our language point for Today. They also have a lot of power. A lot of means a great number of or a great quantity of. Okay. So they have a great quantity of power in their legs. So they have a lot of power in

their legs and that means they can hop very high and very fast. Yes. So hop means the same as jump. And kangaroos can jump very high. High is the opposite of low, of course. And sometimes they can hop at 70 kilometers per hour. That is very fast Indeed. They are the only big mammals to use hopping to move around instead of walking or running. Yes, they are the only big mammals. What's a mammal, Mark? A mammal is an animal that feeds its babies on milk from its body. Yes. So, humans are mammals, too. Yes. So,

kangaroos are the only big mammals which use hopping to move around instead of walking or running. What does instead of mean, Mark? It's Like saying in place of. So they hob rather than or in place of walking or running. That's right. Let's continue. Kangaroos are native to Australia, so there aren't many kangaroos in other countries because they only live in zoos. Yes. So kangaroos are native to Australia. Native means that they live naturally in Australia. Okay. So the kangaroos grow naturally in Australia And there aren't many kangaroos in other countries. Yes. So there aren't many

kangaroos in other countries. Remember aren't means are not. So the words not many this means not a big number of kangaroos. Earlier we saw the phrase a lot of power in their legs. So not many is kind of the opposite of a lot of. Okay. There aren't many kangaroos in other countries because they only live In zoos. But in Australia, there are around 50 million kangaroos and only 25 million people. Yes, that is a lot of kangaroos. Two kangaroos for every person. Yes. Wow. Most of them live in quiet areas far from towns and cities.

But locals say that in most parts of the country you don't have to wait for much time to see one. Yes. So locals say locals are the people Who live in an area. The local people. Okay. And the locals say that you don't have to wait for much time to see a kangaroo. So not much not much time. This has a similar meaning to not many not many kangaroos. Not much time. Not a big amount of time. Okay. So, what's the difference between not much and not many? Good question. We use not many with countable

nouns and we use not much with Uncountable nouns. So, a countable noun is something that we can count in numbers like kangaroos. Exactly. One kangaroo. Five kangaroos. 10 kangaroos. Okay. But what's an uncountable noun, Mark? That would be something like coffee, water, rice, or money. That's right. Something which we can't count in numbers. We don't say one water, 10 waters. It's just water in general. Okay, good. Let's continue. Okay. In fact, the kangaroo population is growing very fast and ruse are now considered to be pests. That's an interesting word. Yes, it is. A pest is

something very annoying, very irritating. Usually we use it for animals, maybe insects which are a problem. That's right. So an animal which can cause damage to plants or food. That's right. So maybe if you have rats in your house, they are pests. Yes, definitely. Unless You have pet rats, which is different. That's right. That would be that would be different. Okay. Can we also use pest to talk about a person? We can. We would use this in um a kind of funny way. So, if you have um a younger brother or sister who is very

annoying, you could describe them as a pest. Okay, let's continue. A lot of Australians don't have much Patience for kangaroos and the Australian government kills some kangaroos every year. To make sure that the numbers don't get out of control. Good. We have a lot of things to talk about in this sentence. Let's go back to the beginning. A lot of Australians. So here we have a lot of again meaning a big number of Australians. Now Mark, the last time that we saw a lot of we saw a lot of power. What's the difference between a

Lot of power and a lot of Australians? Well, a lot of power power is uncountable and Australians are countable. Exactly. We can count Australians. There are 25 million Australians in Australia. So, does this mean that we can use a lot of with both countable and uncountable nouns? Exactly. That's right. We use a lot of in affirmative positive sentences with both countable and uncountable nouns, but with not many and not Much. There is a difference between countable and uncountable. Okay? So, a lot of Australians don't have much patience. Not much patience. Patience is an uncountable noun.

Okay. And patience is the quality of being able to stay calm and not get angry. Yes. So if you are a teacher or a parent of a child, you must have a lot of patience. You must be patient. That's the adjective. That's right. And if You've got an annoying pest of a brother or sister, sometimes you have to be patient, too. Absolutely. You need a lot of patience. Okay. So later in this sentence, we have the Australian government kills some kangaroos every year to make sure to be certain that the numbers don't get out of

control. What's out of control, Mark? Okay. If something is out of control, it means you cannot control the numbers. You cannot manage the numbers of kangaroos. That's right. So, let's continue. The meat from these kangaroos is exported to a lot of countries around the world. And for a lot of Australians, it is a healthy alternative to other meat because it doesn't contain much fat. Yes. So the meat from these kangaroos is exported is sent to a lot of countries to a big number of countries around the world. Could we say many countries? Can we replace

a lot of With many? Good question. We can a lot of countries and many countries that means exactly the same thing. Many is a little more formal. So we usually use it when we're writing. Okay. So we could also say and for many Australians it is a healthy alternative to other meat. That's right. You hear that quite a lot when we're talking about people. Many people. Many Australians. Many Scots for example. Okay. And many kangaroos. and many Kangaroos. Um, so it's a healthy alternative to other meat because it doesn't contain much fat. So here we

have not much fat. Now fat is an uncountable noun. So that's why we use not much in this case instead of not many. Good. And we also use much and many in questions. That's right. So the question in this case would be, does kangaroo meat contain much fat? Or if we want to ask about the Specific amount or the specific quantity of fat, we can use the word how much. How much fat does kangaroo meat contain? We could also use how with many. So, how many kangaroos are there in that field? That's right. Exactly. And

if the field is in Australia, there are probably a lot of kangaroos in it. Indeed. Okay, let's continue. Although they are sometimes annoying, Australians are very proud of ruse. Good. So although although basically means but but we put it at the beginning of a sentence. So we could change this sentence and say they are sometimes annoying but Australians are very proud of RS. Good. We could also have said ruse are very annoying but Australians are very proud of them. That's right. There are often a lot of different ways to make a sentence. Good. And what

about proud? What does it mean when you are Proud of something? If you're proud of something, it means you feel very happy about something or about someone. So if you are a parent and your child learns to walk, for example, you are very proud. You're a proud parent. Exactly. Okay, let's continue. They are the national animal and there aren't many Australian businesses and products which don't use pictures of kangaroos in Advertising. Yes. So, there aren't many Australian businesses. Again, not many. It's a negative sentence. And businesses are countable. accountable noun. Okay. So, lots of Australian

businesses use kangaroos in advertising. When they advertise their products. That's right. Yes. When they try to make you buy their products. And here are some examples. You can see kangaroos on the logos of airlines, government Organizations, and even the Australian Army. Yes. So, kangaroos are on the logos of airlines. What's a logo, Mark? A logo would be a symbol used by a company to advertise its products. The coffee break English logo is a coffee cup with part of an American flag and part of a British flag on it. That's right. There are other very famous

logos. You might recognize the golden or the yellow M logo from a famous fast Food company. That's right. That's right. Okay, good. So, logos of airlines. An airline is a company which operates airplanes. Okay. So if you visit Australia, get ready to see lots of kangaroos. Yes. So lots of kangaroos. This is an alternative way to say a lot of kangaroos. So it's a little bit more informal than a lot of. Okay? So we can say lots of, a lot of and many. We can we can also say loads of which is even More informal

than lots of. Excellent. Okay. Shall we listen again to the text? Good idea. And make sure you listen for the words a lot of, much, and many. Good. What's the first animal that comes to your mind when you think of Australia? The kangaroo of course. Kangaroos or RS as Australians call them are animals from the macropod family. Macropod means big foot and kangaroos certainly do have big feet. They also have a lot of power in their legs, which Means that they can hop very high and very fast. Sometimes they can hop at 70 km per

hour. They are the only big mammals to use hopping to move around instead of walking or running. Kangaroos are native to Australia. So, there aren't many kangaroos in other countries because they only live in zoos, but in Australia, there are around 50 million kangaroos and only 25 million people. Most of them live in quiet areas far From towns and cities. But locals say that in most parts of the country, you don't have to wait for much time to see one. In fact, the kangaroo population is growing very fast and rus are now considered to be

pests. A lot of Australians don't have much patience for kangaroos and the Australian government kills some kangaroos every year to make sure that the numbers don't get out of control. The meat from these kangaroos is exported to a lot of countries around The world. And for a lot of Australians, it is a healthy alternative to other meat because it doesn't contain much fat. Although they are sometimes annoying, Australians are very proud of RS. They are the national animal. And there aren't many Australian businesses and products which don't use pictures of kangaroos in advertising. You can

see kangaroos on the logos of airlines, government organizations, and even the Australian Army. So if you visit Australia, get ready to see lots of kangaroos. Coffee Breakak English season 1 episode 6. Hello and welcome to Coffee Break English. My name is Josie and I'm Mark and we're delighted to be back with you for another episode. Yes, we are. How are you today, Mark? I'm very well. How are you? I'm also very well, thank you. Good. If you're enjoying Coffee Break English, then please let us know by leaving a review on your favorite Podcast app. We'd

love to hear what you think. Yes, we'd love to hear your comments. In this episode, we're off to the USA and Kate is telling us about a very famous place there. Okay. And is there a language point that we're going to be focusing on? Yes, there is. Today, we're focusing on the verbs must and mustn't and should and shouldn't. Okay, let's listen to Kate's text. The Grand Canyon is one of The seven natural wonders of the world. It is a canyon made by the Colorado River in the state of Arizona in the USA. It is

huge, 446 km long, 29 km wide, and 1,857 m deep. You should definitely visit the Grand Canyon because it is so big. There are different ways to visit it and lots of things to do there. First, everyone who wants to visit a part of the canyon must buy an entrance pass, which is valid for 7 days, so you have plenty of time to explore. You can enter the Grand Canyon National Park by car or on foot, depending on what you want to do. If you want to drive around the canyon, you must drive carefully, and

you mustn't go faster than 45 km an hour. Driving slowly also allows you to appreciate the beautiful scenery, so you shouldn't rush. You can also hike inside the canyon. There are short paths and long paths to follow, including walking from The popular South Rim to the less visited North Rim through the middle of the canyon. This is a difficult walk, so you should take lots of food and water with you, and you must stay on the paths. If you don't, you could get lost. The Grand Canyon is home to lots of different plants and animals.

If you're lucky, you could meet lizards and deer. But there are more dangerous animals, too, like poisonous spiders, snakes, and mountain lions. If you see any animals, You shouldn't get too close to them for your safety and theirs. You also mustn't feed them because this can be bad for the animals health. But the most important thing you must do if you visit the Grand Canyon is have fun and enjoy your time in this incredible place. Thank you, Kate. Mark, have you ever visited the Grand Canyon? I have. I visited the part of the Grand Canyon

at Eagle Point and it was amazing. Have you visited the Grand Canyon? No, I haven't, but I would love to, of course. Okay, let's go back through the text now. Okay, sounds good. The Grand Canyon is one of the seven natural wonders of the world. Yes, the seven natural wonders of the world are seven natural things, places in the world which are considered to be amazing and beautiful. Good. Some other natural wonders of the world are Mount Everest, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, and the Northern Lights. Very good. Shall we continue? Yes, let's continue.

It is a canyon made by the Colorado River in the state of Arizona in the USA. Yes. So, a canyon is like a big valley with very steep sides that you can look down into. Okay. And this canyon was made by the Colorado River. It's huge. 446 km long, 29 km wide, and 1,857 m deep. Yes. So it is huge. It is very big. And these words wide and deep. Well, what does wide mean, Mark? It's like the horizontal measurement from one point to another. That's right. So we could talk about a wide street, for

example, or a wide road. And we use the word deep usually to talk about a hole or about water. Mhm. So if you're swimming in a swimming Pool and you can't touch the bottom of the pool, you would say it is very deep. Okay. So it's like the vertical measurement. That's right. Okay. Now, I said 446 km and 1,857 m, but Kate said them differently. That's right. Kate said 446 with no and. Both are correct. It's more common in American English to not include the and in numbers. And because we're British, we include the and.

But both ways are correct. Okay. So Kate continues, "You should definitely visit the Grand Canyon." Yes. So Kate is giving us some advice. She thinks the Grand Canyon is a good place to visit. So she uses this word should. Now should is a verb which is used to give advice to say that something is a good idea. Okay? Because it is so big. There are different ways to visit it and lots of things to do There. First, everyone who wants to visit a part of the canyon must buy an entrance pass which is valid for

7 days. So you have plenty of time to explore. Yes. So everyone who wants to visit the canyon must buy an entrance pass. Must is a verb of obligation. It shows that something is necessary. And we often use it when we talk about rules or laws. So, it means if you don't buy an Entrance pass for the Grand Canyon, you can't visit it. It's not possible. It's it's the rule. Now, both must and should are what we call modal verbs. Isn't that right? Exactly. And a modal verb is uh a verb that we put before

a main verb to add some meaning. So here for example the main verb is buy and we put must before buy to show that it is an obligation to buy this entrance pass. Okay. Could we also say you have to buy An entrance pass? We can. Yes, this is another way of saying must, but we'll save that for another episode. I think that sounds good. Okay. So, this entrance past is valid for 7 days. So, you have plenty of time to explore. Yes. So, it's valid. It's accepted for 7 days. You can use it for

7 days. So you have plenty of time to explore. What does plenty mean, Mark? Plenty is similar to lots of. You have Enough time to explore. There's plenty of time to explore. That's right. Exactly. Okay. You can enter the Grand Canyon National Park by car or on foot depending on what you want to do. Yes. So notice here that when we talk about traveling by car, we use the preposition by. We use this for all forms of transport. By car, by train, by taxi, by bus. But when we travel on our feet, using our feet,

we use the preposition On on foot. Good. If you want to drive around the canyon, you must drive carefully and you mustn't go faster than 45 km hour. Yes. So, here we have two more examples of must and also mustn't. So, you must drive carefully. This is a rule. It's obligation. You must drive carefully and you mustn't go faster than 45 km an hour. Mustn't is the negative form of must. So mustn't is still obligation, but this time it's Telling you what you must not do. It's what you are not allowed to do. That's right.

Exactly. And mustn't is a contraction of must not. Notice though when we say mustn't, there is a silent letter in there, isn't there? That's right. You say mustn't, not mustn't. That's right. So that T um is silent. We don't pronounce it. Okay. Driving slowly also allows you to appreciate the beautiful scenery. So you shouldn't rush. Yes. So the beautiful scenery. What is scenery, Mark? Scenery is all the natural things you can see around you. That's right. So mountains, rivers, and the Grand Canyon in this case. Exactly. In the word scenery, we have another silent letter.

So, scenery is spelled s c e n e r y. But the c is silent at the beginning. So, we don't say skenery, we say scenery. Good. And because of all this beautiful scenery, You shouldn't rush. Yes. So shouldn't is the negative form of should. So it's giving advice. It's giving a recommendation, but it's a recommendation for something that we should not do. One more thing about shouldn't and should is that they contain another silent letter, don't they? There is a silent L in there. S H O U L D. Should? That's right. We've got

lots of silent Letters today. So, you shouldn't rush. What does rush mean? Rush means to go fast. basically to do something fast. So for example, when I get up in the morning and if I'm late for work, sometimes I have to rush. I have to move very fast to get there on time. Okay. You can also hike inside the canyon. There are short paths and long paths to follow, including walking from the popular South Rim to the less Visited North Rim through the middle of the canyon. Yes. So, the South Rim and the North Rim,

these are the official names for these places. But a rim, well, what's a rim, Mark? The rim is normally the edge of a container, like something round, the edge of a jar or a cup. Exactly. It's just another way to say the edge. And when you visited the Grand Canyon, did you visit the south rim or The north rim? Mark, actually, I didn't visit the North Rim or the South Rim. I visited the western part of the canyon because I was actually in Las Vegas and it was the closest part to Las Vegas and that

was the only place I could get to. Ah, okay, that's fair. I hope to visit the other parts of the Grand Canyon someday. Well, the Grand Canyon is very big, so you have a lot of different places to choose from. Indeed. Okay, what about hike? You can also hike Inside the canyon. What does hike mean? Yes. So hike means when you go for a walk usually in nature. If you are walking up to the top of a mountain you are hiking. Okay. This is a difficult walk. So you should take lots of food and water

with you and you must stay on the paths. If you don't, you could get lost. Yes. So, you should take lots of food and water with you. This means it's a good idea to take food and water with You. It's not an obligation, but it's a good idea. A very good idea. And you must stay on the paths. This is a rule. It's an obligation because if you don't do this, you could get lost and you don't want to get lost in the middle of the Grand Canyon. I don't think. Certainly not. Certainly not. Yes.

And before we continue with the text, let's have a little review of the verbs that we're looking at today. Should, shouldn't, and must and mustn't. So remember that should is used to give recommendations to say that something is a good idea. So Mark, when people visit Scotland, what should they do? They should visit Gleno and Loch Ness. And they should also try Haggus. M. Yes, we're going to talk about Haggus in the next episode, so we won't give you any spoilers for now. Okay. Is there anything that people shouldn't do when they visit Scotland? They

shouldn't Forget to bring an umbrella. That's right. Definitely. And when people visit Scotland, they must drive on the left side of the road. That's right. You mustn't drive on the right if you visit Scotland. That would cause a terrible problem. Yes, definitely very dangerous. Okay, let's continue our text. The Grand Canyon is home to lots of different plants and animals. If you're lucky, you could meet lizards and deer. But there are more dangerous Animals, too, like poisonous spiders, snakes, and mountain lions. Yes. So, here we have a lot of animals to talk about. So, you

could meet lizards. They are a type of reptile. Um, some of them have long tongues to catch flies. Okay. And deer. What are deer, Mark? Deer are large animals. They sometimes have antlers if they are male, like horns. And they are sometimes hunted for food. That's right. Yeah. And make sure as Well that deer doesn't really have a plural form. So we say one lizard, two lizards with an s, but one deer, two deer. It's the same. Okay. That's like uh sheep and fish as well, isn't it? Absolutely. Okay. And you may also see dangerous

animals like spiders, snakes, and lions. And these spiders may even be poisonous. What does that mean? Yes. So, poisonous means that these animals could harm you in some way because they can put poison or venom Into your body, which could be very dangerous. That's right. If you see any animals, you shouldn't get too close to them for your safety and theirs. Yes. So, you shouldn't get close to them. It's a very good idea not to get close to them. And Josie, can you explain theirs for your safety and theirs? Yes. So theirs is a possessive

pronoun which replaces a noun. So for your safety and theirs means for your Safety and their safety too. But because we've already mentioned safety, we don't want to repeat it. So, we just say theirs. Good. You also mustn't feed them because this can be bad for the animals health. Yes. So, it's a rule. It's an obligation. You can't feed them. And what does feed mean, Mark? Give food to the animals. That's right. So, if you have a pet like a dog or a cat, you have to feed them Every day. You have to give them

food. Okay. So, if you feed these animals, it can be bad for their health. Yes, it can be bad for their their bodies. It could be harmful to them. But the most important thing you must do if you visit the Grand Canyon is have fun and enjoy your time in this incredible place. Yes. So, you must have fun. This is a rule. I suppose it's not really a rule, but it's very important to have fun in The Grand Canyon. Good. Okay, Josie, one question here. We've seen lots of examples of you should, you shouldn't, you

must, you mustn't. What happens if it's he or she in the third person? Do we add an s? H, good question. So, as I said before, all of these verbs are modal verbs and modal verbs are quite special because they never change form. So even in the third person, we never add an s. We don't say he shoulds or she musts. We just don't Say that. And also when we make questions with these verbs, we don't need to use an auxiliary. So we simply change the subject and the verb. For example, should you visit the

Grand Canyon? So, it's quite easy to make questions with these verbs. Coffee Break English, season 1, episode 7. Hello everyone and welcome to Coffee Break English. I'm Josie. And I'm Mark. And we're very happy to be here today. Josie, I'm excited today. Why? Why are you excited, Mark? because we're talking about haggus, a very Scottish topic. Yes, we are off to our home country of Scotland. We're learning about haggus and we're also learning about the present perfect tense. Excellent. So, we are going to be joined today by Monica, who is going to be reading our

text for us. Great. Let's listen to Monica. Hi, Mark. Hi, Josie. Let's find out more about a well-known Scottish dish. Have you ever heard of haggus? If you haven't, it's not surprising. It's Scotland's national dish, but there are some Scottish people who have never eaten it. This is because its ingredients are quite unusual. It is a big brown pudding made from a sheep's stomach and filled with a sheep's heart, lungs, and lover. as well as onion, oats, and spices. If that doesn't sound Good to you, some recipes have recently changed to use an artificial stomach

instead of a real one with chicken or beef inside. Traditionally, people eat haggus at least once a year on the 25th of January. This is the date when we celebrate the birth of Scotland's most famous poet, Robert Burns. And the event is called a burn supper. At a burn supper, someone usually performs a poem by Robert Burns Called Address to a Haggus. That's right. It's a poem about Haggus. Most Scottish people have been to a Burns supper, and most children have learned some poems by Robert Burns at school. In recent years, haggus hasn't stayed the

same because chefs have experimented with it in lots of different ways. They have made vegetarian and vegan haggus and some restaurants have even tried haggus pizza And haggus sushi. The Scots like to have fun with haggus and many people have tried to convince tourists that the haggus is an animal. If you search on the internet, you can find pictures of a wild haggus. And there is even a fake wild haggus in a museum in Glasgow. So, if you visit Scotland, maybe you'll be brave enough to taste this traditional Scottish dish. Josie, Do you like haggus?

Well, I have never eaten haggus, Mark, because I don't eat meat. So, I have eaten vegetarian haggus, which is delicious. What about you? Do you like haggus? Well, I have to admit that yes, I do really like haggus. Haggus with potatoes and turnip or as we say in Scotland, haggus, wipes and tatties. Yep. That's the traditional way to eat it, isn't it? Indeed. Okay, let's go back through the text now. Have you ever heard of Haggus? Good. So this question, have you ever heard? This is a question in the present perfect tense. If I ask

you this question mark, what's your answer? Have you ever heard of Haggus? Yes, I have heard of Haggus. Good. So I have heard. This is the present perfect. We use the present perfect to talk about something that happened in the past, but we don't say exactly when it happened. So, we use it To talk about our life experiences sometimes. Okay. Can we look at some examples, Josie? Good idea. So, Mark, have you ever visited the Grand Canyon? Yes, I have visited the Grand Canyon. Yes, you told us in the previous episode about that. And remind

me, have you ever visited the Grand Canyon? No, I haven't visited the Grand Canyon. Okay, so the negative form, I haven't visited. That's right. So to make the present perfect we Take the verb have or in the third person has and we add the past participle. So the past participle is the third form of the verb. For example, visit the infinitive, visited the past simple and visited the past participle. But some verbs have a different simple past and past participle form. That's right. If the verb is irregular, it has a different past simple and past

participle. So for example, do infinitive did past simple And done past participle. Good. Okay, let's continue with the text. Okay. So, have you ever heard of haggus? If you haven't, it's not surprising. Good. So, if you haven't, this haven't refers to have you ever. It's using this have this auxiliary helping verb. Okay. So, if you've not heard of haggus, it's not surprising. It's not a big surprise because it's Scotland's national dish, but there are some Scottish people who Have never eaten it. Yes. So, it's Scotland's national dish. It's a traditional food from Scotland, but some

Scottish people have never eaten it. This is the present perfect in the negative form. We could say some Scottish people who haven't eaten it. But when we use never, it emphasizes never in my entire life. I have never eaten it. Okay. And why is this? It's because it's ingredients are Quite unusual. It is a big round pudding made from a sheep's stomach and filled with a sheep's heart, lungs, and liver as well as onion, oats, and spices. Lots of vocabulary there. Yes, lots of words to talk about. So, its ingredients, the things that are in

haggis are quite unusual. They are quite strange. They're not normally in food. It is a big round pudding. Round like a circle is round. Um, what's a pudding, Mark? Well, a pudding is in the UK traditionally what you eat after a meal, like dessert, a sweet dish. But here the pudding refers to the sort of sausage nature of this dish. That's right. That's right. Pudding kind of has a double meaning. In this case, haggus is definitely not something you eat for dessert. So, haggus is made from a sheep's stomach. Our stomach is the place where

our food goes when we eat it To be digested. And what's unusual about the pronunciation of stomach? Mark. Well, this word ends with ch and that's normally pronounced ch like church or chicken, but here it's stomach, a hard c. That's right. So watch out for that word. So a hagus is filled with a sheep's heart. Our heart is the organ in our bodies which sends the blood around our body. Mhm. A sheep's heart. A Sheep's lungs. What are lungs? So the lungs are the organs which help you to breathe. That's right. and a sheep's liver.

The liver cleans the blood in the body. Good. So, lots of body parts of a sheep. But there are other things too as well as onion, oats, and spices. So oats, oats are a grain which sometimes you give to animals as food and I like to eat oats in musli for my breakfast. Okay, if that doesn't sound good to you, some recipes have recently changed to use an artificial stomach instead of a real one with chicken or beef inside. Yeah. So, here's another example of the present perfect. Some recipes have recently changed. This is something

which happened in the past but we don't say exactly when it happened. We just say it happened recently. So when you see the word recently sometimes this tells you that You should use the present perfect have recently changed. Okay. What would an artificial stomach be? H. So if something's artificial, it is not real. It is fake. For example, we could have artificial flowers which are not real flowers. Maybe they're made from plastic. Okay. Traditionally, people eat haggus at least once a year on the 25th of January. So people eat haggus at least Once a year.

At least means a minimum of. That's right. So most people would eat haggus definitely once a year and perhaps more often. That's right. Okay. And this date, the 25th of January, is when we celebrate the birth of Scotland's most famous poet, Robert Burns. And the event is called a burns supper. Yes. So we celebrate. We mark the importance of this day. So if you celebrate something, maybe you have a Party or a nice dinner. But we celebrate the birth of Scotland's most famous poet. That's right. We celebrate the day when Robert Burns was born. The

birth of Robert Burns. That's right. And this event is called a Burns supper. So supper is another word for dinner really. At a Burns supper, someone usually performs a poem by Robert Burns called Address to a Haggus. Good. So, someone um stands up and they say this poem in front of everyone else. And yes, this is a poem about Haggus, about the dish, the national dish. Yes, that's how important Haggus is in Scotland. It has its own poem. Do you know the poem, Josie? I don't know this poem. I think when I was at school

I learned it but I have forgotten it completely. Do you know it Mark? Uh I know a little bit of the poem. It's a poem in Scots. So Scots is a national Language in Scotland and it's different from English. So don't worry if you don't understand any of this. Fair for your honest s face. Great chieftain of the pudding race. I bend them all. You tack your place or the wheel. Are you worthy of a grace lang? Wow. Well done. It's a long time since I've said that poem. I'm sure. I think we might need

to start a podcast called Coffee Break Scots for people to understand This. I think so, too. But most Scottish people have been to a Burns supper and most children have learned some poems by Robert Burns at school just like we did. Yes. And here we have two more examples of the present perfect as well. So most Scottish people have been to a burned supper, but we don't say when sometime in their lives. And most children have learned some poems. Josie, been is an interesting verb. It's a past participle of which verb? Good question. Been is

the past participle of be and of go. So for example, I could say this week I have been happy and that's using the verb be. But in this case, most people have been to a burn supper. This is the verb go. But without confusing things too much, there's also another past participle of to go. There is. Yes. To go has two past participles, been and gone. So, what's the difference between been And gone? Well, it depends on where you are when you use these past participles. For example, I've been to the supermarket. Mhm. If I

say this phrase, I went there. I bought what I needed and I returned home and now I'm at home telling you I've been to the supermarket. But if I phone you while you're at the supermarket buying your haggus and I don't know where you are, then I would say, "Where are you, Josie?" And I would say, "I've gone to the supermarket." Because you're still there. Exactly. I use gone because I'm at the supermarket at the time that I'm speaking. That's very very tricky. I think it is a little difficult. Yes. Basically, we use been when

you are not in the place you're talking about and we use gone when you are in the place that you're talking about. Okay. Now, in this sentence, we also heard, "Most children have learned some poems by Robert Burns at school." That's right. So, learned is the past participle of learn. And there are two past participles again for the verb learn. Learned and learned. And is there a difference? There's no difference in meaning. You will be happy to know. But it's more common in American English to use learned with ed. And in British English, it's more

common to use learned. Okay, let's continue with our text. In recent years, haggus hasn't stayed the same because chefs have experimented with it in lots of different ways. Good. So, we have two examples of the present perfect and two regular past participles. Hasn't stayed. Have experimented. Just be careful. For hasn't stayed, we use has not instead of Have not because haggis is the third person. It's it. So has instead of have. Let's continue. Okay. They have made vegetarian and vegan haggus and some restaurants have even tried haggus pizza and haggus sushi. Yes. So there are

lots of different types of haggus that you can have vegetarian and vegan haggus with no meat which is delicious I have to say. Okay. Um, but I have to say that Haggus pizza and Haggus sushi for me don't seem quite As delicious. Yes, I agree with you. But have you ever tried haggus pizza or haggus sushi? No, I like to be traditional with my haggus. You like to have your haggus, your potatoes, and your turnips. That's right. Okay. The Scots like to have fun with haggus and many people have tried to convince tourists that the

haggus is an animal. Yes. So people have tried to convince tourists to make tourists believe that The haggus is an animal. And if you search on the internet, you can find pictures of a wild haggus. And there's even a fake wild haggus in a museum in Glasgow. Yes. So, uh, a wild haggus. This means the animal, the haggus that lives in the wild. It doesn't live in a zoo or in a home as a pet, for example. I'm I'm laughing because this is a very very popular story that Scottish people like to tell. Yes, we

love to well have Fun with with tourists. And um yes, there is a fake wild haggus in a museum in Glasgow. Fake is the same as artificial which we saw earlier in the text. And this fake wild haggus is very funny. Good. So, if you visit Scotland, maybe you'll be brave enough to taste this traditional Scottish dish. Yes. Maybe you'll be brave enough. Maybe you'll have enough courage to taste haggis. Excellent. I would definitely recommend it. Let's listen again to the whole text now. Have you ever heard of haggus? If you haven't, it's not surprising.

It's Scotland's national dish, but there are some Scottish people who have never eaten it. This is because its ingredients are quite unusual. It is a big brown pudding made from a sheep's stomach and filled with a sheep's heart, lungs, and lover, as well as onion, Oats, and spices. If that doesn't sound good to you, some recipes have recently changed to use an artificial stomach instead of a real one with chicken or beef inside. Traditionally, people eat haggus at least once a year on the 25th of January. This is the date when we celebrate the birth

of Scotland's most famous poet, Robert Burton. And the event is called a burn supper. After burn supper, someone Usually performs a poem by Robert Burns called address to a haggus. That's right. is a poem about Haggus. Most Scottish people have been to a burn supper and most children have learned some poems by Robert Burns at school. In recent years, haggus hasn't stayed the same because chefs have experimented with it in lots of different ways. They have made vegetarian and vegan haggus. And some restaurants have even Tried haggus pizza and haggus sushi. The Scots like to

have fun with haggus. And many people have tried to convince tourists that the haggus is an animal. If you search on the internet, you can find pictures of a wild haggus. And there is even a fake wild haggus in a museum in Glasgow. So if you visit Scotland, maybe you'll be brave enough to taste this traditional Scottish dish. Coffee Break English season 1 Episode 8. Hello everyone and welcome back to Coffee Break English. My name is Josie and I'm Mark and we're very happy to be here again with you today. Josie, what is our topic

for today? Today we are talking to Ryan from Canada and he's telling us about ice hockey, which is a very popular Canadian sport. Excellent. And do we have a language point that we're going to be looking at? We do. Last episode we looked at the present perfect tense and this episode We're looking at the difference between the present perfect and the past simple tenses. That sounds good. Shall we get started? Let's go. Over to you, Ryan. Hi everyone. I'd like to tell you about my favorite sport, ice hockey. Actually, here in Canada, we just call

it hockey because ice hockey is much more popular than field hockey. Like most Canadians, I started playing hockey when I was a child. I played every Saturday morning with a Local team for under 18year-olds. Now that I'm an adult, I still play hockey with a team in Vancouver where I live. It's just a hobby, but my team are pretty good. We have even won some trophies. We won a local tournament a few years ago, and in 2015, we beat one of the best teams in the city. We were really proud. We only play in Vancouver

and we have never participated in any national competitions. Maybe one day playing hockey is a good way to get some exercise and it's very exciting because you have to think fast and move quickly. It's also a good way to meet people and get involved in the community. I have made some really good friends by playing ice hockey and I even met my wife at a tournament in 2008. She also likes hockey, but she prefers to watch it. We both support the same team, the Vancouver Conucks, and we Watch every game they play on TV. We

have seen them play in the stadium here in Vancouver lots of times. The last time we went to the stadium, we took our daughter Daisy, who is 10 years old. She absolutely loved watching the game and she has recently started playing on a team at school. I'm looking forward to watching her in her first game soon. Now that Daisy is a hockey fan, too, we are planning a trip to Finland to watch some games. We haven't Been to Europe, and we can't wait to experience our favorite sport in a different country. Is ice hockey popular

in your country? Have you ever played it? Thank you, Ryan. That was very interesting. So, Mark, have you ever played ice hockey? I have never played ice hockey. And to be honest, I've never really skated really. I love ice skating, but I've never played ice hockey either. Okay. Shall we go back through the text? Yes. Let's take a look at the language and grammar that we see in the text. Would you like to read the first part? Okay. Ryan begins. Hi everyone. I'd like to tell you about my favorite sport, ice hockey. Yes. So Ryan's

favorite sport. Mark, how do you spell favorite? Okay. I spell favorite f a v o u r i t e. Yes. And I think Ryan spells it the same way as we do. But how would a person from the USA spell this word? Okay. There's No U in the word in the USA. So F A V O R I T E. But the pronunciation is the same. That's right. Yes, there are lots of words like this in English which are different between American and British English like color, flavor, lots of words. Okay, so Ryan continues,

actually here in Canada we just call it hockey because ice hockey is much more popular than field hockey. Yes. So, field hockey, this is more popular in the UK, isn't it? Hockey that You play on a big green space, a field, a big area of grass. Okay. Like most Canadians, I started playing hockey when I was a child. Yes. So, we have a past tense here. He started playing when he was a child. In the past, of course. I played every Saturday morning with a local team for under 18 year olds. Good. So, again, I

played in the past simple tense every Saturday morning. Good. Now that I'm an adult, I still Play hockey with a team in Vancouver where I live. H So Mark, you said now that I'm an adult. But Ryan didn't say adult, did he? He said adult. That's right. So in British English, we say adult. And in Canadian and American English, we say adult. Okay. It's just a hobby, but my team are pretty good. We have even won some trophies. So, it's just a hobby. It's something That Ryan does in his free time. Mhm. But his team

are pretty good. They're they're quite good. We have even won some trophies. So, which verb tense is this, Mark? That's another present perfect. We have won. That's right. We saw the present perfect in the last episode and here it is again. Here we use the present perfect because we don't say exactly when this happened in the past. We have won some Trophies in general in the past. But when Ryan says, "I started playing hockey when I was a child," he uses the past simple because he tells us exactly when this happened. When he was a

child. Okay. He also tells us exactly when he won a tournament. We won a local tournament a few years ago. And in 2015, we beat one of the best teams in the city. We were really proud. Yes. So, you're absolutely right. He says, "We won a local Tournament a few years ago." He uses the past simple there. And what's a tournament? A local tournament. A tournament is like a competition that's organized with uh with lots of games featuring different players. That's right. And in 2015, we we beat we won against one of the best teams

in the city. And he says, "We were really proud about this. We were really happy for ourselves. Okay. We only play in Vancouver and we Have never participated in any national competitions. Maybe one day. Yes. So here Ryan uses the present perfect again. We have never participated in any national competitions. Here he uses the present perfect because he doesn't say when they didn't participate. It's just in the past in general. And this word never, this emphasizes that they haven't participated in even one national Competition, but maybe one day they will. Perhaps they'll do that at

some point in the future. Exactly. Yes. He seems uh hopeful about this. Playing hockey is a good way to get some exercise and it's very exciting because you have to think fast and move quickly. It's also a good way to meet people and get involved in the community. Yes. So Ryan says, "Hockey is very exciting because you have to think Fast and move quickly." So fast and quickly, they are both adverbs because they describe verbs. They describe the way that we do something. We saw this in episode 4 of the podcast. So quickly is a

regular adverb because we add l y at the end of the adjective quick. But fast is irregular because it's exactly the same as the adjective. We can say a fast car or the car is driving fast. That's right. We never say Fastly. Indeed. Okay. So before we continue with the text, let's have a little practice, shall we? Okay. Okay. When we have a conversation with someone and we want to know about what they have done in their life, maybe we want to find out a place that they have visited or a food that they have

eaten. We often begin the conversation in the present perfect. So for example, Mark, have you ever visited Canada? Yes, I have visited Canada. I went to Canada 2 years ago. Exactly. So when you answered the question, you answered in the present perfect. Yes, I have visited Canada. But when you wanted to give me some more information, you changed to the past simple. Yes, I told you when I went to Canada, the the the year two years ago, I visited my family and I spent some time in Toronto. That sounds really nice. I have never been

to Canada, but I Would love to go there. And you can go and see some ice hockey if you do. Yes, maybe I will. Let's get back to Ryan's text. He goes on, I have made some really good friends by playing ice hockey and I even met my wife at a tournament in 2008. Yes. So here we have the present perfect and then the past simple. I have made some really good friends. Present perfect. And I even met my wife in 2008. So he tells us the year that he met his Wife. Be careful because

met is an irregular verb. Meet. Met. Met. So Ryan could have said, "I met my wife at a tournament in 2008, but I have met many nice people playing ice hockey." Exactly. Yes. So Ryan's wife also likes hockey, but she prefers to watch it. We both support the same team, the Vancouver Conucks, and we watch every game they play on TV. Yes. So, they both support the same team. They both follow the same team. They they want this team to win. Okay. We have seen them play in the stadium here in Vancouver lots of times.

Yes. So Ryan says he has seen this team play lots of times. He doesn't say when, but he says it was lots of times. So sometimes we use the present perfect to talk about how many times we have done something. So for example, I have seen the Harry Potter movies 100 times. Ah, that's funny Because I saw a Harry Potter movie last weekend. Ah, which one was it? It was the first one. Oh, a classic one. Absolutely. Okay, let's continue. The last time we went to the stadium, we took our daughter Daisy, who is 10

years old. Good. So, the last time we went past simple because he's talking about the last time. He says when it was we took our daughter Daisy. She absolutely loved watching the game And she has recently started playing on a team at school. H So Daisy has recently started playing on a team. We often use the present perfect with the word recently as well because it doesn't tell us exactly when something happened, but it tells us that it was recently in the recent past. Okay. I'm looking forward to watching her in her first game soon.

Yes. So, Ryan is looking forward to watching Daisy. What does looking Forward to mean, Mark? Is when you feel happy and excited about something that's going to happen. That's right. Exactly. So, Mark, what are you looking forward to at the moment? I'm going to visit my mom at the weekend, so I'm looking forward to seeing her. Oh, that's nice. Okay, now that Daisy is a hockey fan too, we are planning a trip to Finland to watch some games. Good. So, Daisy is a hockey fan. She loves hockey. She's a fan. Ryan says, "We haven't been

to Europe and we can't wait to experience our favorite sport in a different country." Yes. So Ryan says, "We haven't been to Europe." Now been, this is the past participle of the verb go, but there's another past participle, isn't there? That's right. He could have said, "We haven't gone to Europe." But that's slightly different. Yes, exactly. If you use been that means that you go somewhere and then you return. But if you use gone, that means you go somewhere and then you are speaking from that place. Okay. So Ryan finishes by saying, "Is ice hockey

popular in your country? Have you ever played it?" Yes. So, have you ever? This is a classic present perfect question. We use this word ever to mean in your entire life. So, have you ever played ice Hockey? Have you ever been skiing, for example? Okay. Shall we listen to the full text again? Good idea. Let's listen and we'll listen for the present perfect and the past simple. Hi everyone. I'd like to tell you about my favorite sport, ice hockey. Actually, here in Canada, we just call it hockey because ice hockey is much more popular than

field hockey. Like most Canadians, I started Playing hockey when I was a child. I played every Saturday morning with a local team for under 18y olds. Now that I'm an adult, I still play hockey with a team in Vancouver where I live. It's just a hobby, but my team are pretty good. We have even won some trophies. We won a local tournament a few years ago and in 2015 we beat one of the best teams in the city. We were really proud. We only play in Vancouver and we have Never participated in any national competitions.

Maybe one day. Playing hockey is a good way to get some exercise and it's very exciting because you have to think fast and move quickly. It's also a good way to meet people and get involved in the community. I have made some really good friends by playing ice hockey and I even met my wife at a tournament in 2008. She also likes hockey, but she prefers to watch it. We both support the same Team, the Vancouver Conucks, and we watch every game they play on TV. We have seen them play in the stadium here in

Vancouver lots of times. The last time we went to the stadium, we took our daughter Daisy, who is 10 years old. She absolutely loved watching the game and she has recently started playing on a team at school. I'm looking forward to watching her in her first game soon. Now that Daisy is a hockey fan, too, we are planning a trip to Finland to watch some games. We haven't been to Europe, and we can't wait to experience our favorite sport in a different country. Is ice hockey popular in your country? Have you ever played it? Coffee

Breakak English season 1 episode 9. Hi everyone and welcome back to Coffee Break English. My name is Josie. And I'm Mark. How are you today Josie? I'm fine, thank you Mark. How are you? I'm very well. And I think I am in need Of a hot drink. Ah, maybe a cup of tea perhaps. Who knows? That would be a good idea because in today's episode we're talking all about tea. Even though it's coffee break English, perhaps we should rename this episode and call it tea break English for one episode only. Yes. And also in today's

episode, we're talking about when to use the gerand form of the verb and when to use the infinitive. Okay, let's hear from Susan, who's going to Tell us about tea. For many people, when they think of Britain, they think of tea. 63% of people in the UK drink tea everyday and many people love drinking it so much that they can't imagine living without it. Portuguese priests and merchants brought tea from East Asia to Europe in the 16th century and drinking tea quickly became popular in Britain. In 2016, a list was made of countries who drank

the most tea, and Ireland and the UK were numbers two and three. Only people in Turkey drink more tea than we do. Most British people need to have a cup of tea as soon as they wake up in the morning. And usually they have English breakfast tea with milk and sometimes sugar. Some people prefer to have their tea without milk. And some people like drinking other types of tea, but this is the most popular way to make it. A cup of very strong tea with lots of sugar is called builder's tea because This is usually

how builders drink their tea during their working day. When someone visits your house in the UK, the first thing you do is ask if they would like to have a cup of tea. It's difficult to find someone who says no to this question. Lots of British children learn to make a cup of tea when they are quite young because it is an important skill to have. But it's not just tea which is important in the UK. What we eat with it is too. In the past, many People had tea at about 400 p.m. with cakes

and sandwiches. This was called afternoon tea, but now we drink tea whenever we want, usually with a biscuit or two or three. Most people enjoy dipping or dunking their biscuit in their tea before eating it. The word tea can have another meaning in different parts of the country. For some people, tea is the meal they eat in the evening, which other people call dinner. In fact, some people even use The word dinner instead of lunch. So, in the UK, you can have breakfast, lunch, and dinner or breakfast, dinner, and tea. But you can have a

cup of tea whenever you want. Thank you, Susan. Are you a tea drinker, Josie? I have to say, no. I don't like tea at all. Me neither. We must be quite unusual British people. Yes, I definitely prefer coffee, I have to say. Me, too. Okay, let's go back through the text. For many people, when they think Of Britain, they think of tea. 63% of people in the UK drink tea every day and many people love drinking it so much that they can't imagine living without it. Yes. So quite a lot of people drink tea every

day, 63%. And Susan says many people love drinking it. So before I said that today we're focusing on when to use the gerand and when to use the infinitive form of the verb. Let's think about what that gerand form is. If we take the verb Drink and we add ing to the end then it becomes the gerand. So drinking. That's right. But the infinitive form of the verb, this is just the natural form of the verb with no changes, nothing added to it. So to drink is the infinitive form. Okay? In this phrase, we use

drinking because in British English after the verbs love, like, hate, and don't like, we usually use the gerand form to to to talk about something in general that we like or we Don't like. So, I like reading. I love going to the cinema. I don't like playing football. That's right. Yes. And later in this sentence, we have another example of the gerant. British people love drinking tea so much that they can't imagine living without it. Now in this case we need to use the gerand form of living because after the verb imagine we just have

to use the gerand. It's the rule. We don't say imagine to Live. Always imagine living. Okay let's continue on. Portuguese priests and merchants brought tea from East Asia to Europe in the 16th century and drinking tea quickly became popular in Britain. Yes. So, Portuguese priests and merchants. What is a priest, Mark? A priest would be a person who performs religious duties. That's right. Yes. And what about merchants? Well, a merchant is someone who sells something. We don't use this word so Much now, but in the past, a merchant was someone who went to a place

and bought something and sold it to someone else. They they traded. Okay. So, these merchants brought tea to Britain in the 16th century. In 2016, a list was made of countries who drank the most tea, and Ireland and the UK were numbers 2 and three. Yes. So, in 2016, we can say 2016 or 2016. It's a bit longer. And you'll also hear in uh US English in 2016 without the and that's right. There are actually three options. Okay. So this list was made of countries who drank the most tea. Yes. So drank is an irregular

past simple of drink. Drink. Drank. Drunk. Okay. Only people in Turkey drink more tea than we do. Most British people need to have a cup of tea as soon as they wake up in the morning. And usually they have English breakfast tea with milk and sometimes sugar. So most British people need to have. After the verb need, we always use this infinitive form of the verb to have. We don't say need having with the gerand. So, I need to drink a cup of tea. Josie, what's the rule about need to do something? That's a good

question. For most of the verbs which we talk about today, there isn't actually a rule for if we use the gerand or the infinitive after them. This is quite annoying because there's No rule to learn. But the best way to learn about when to use the gerand or infinitive is just to notice the verbs as you see them and to learn them as you go. Don't try to learn a big list of verbs. And that's what coffee break English is for. To help you get more experience of English in interesting texts. Exactly. Okay, let's continue

on. Some people prefer to have their tea without milk and some people like drinking other types of tea, but This is the most popular way to make it. Yes. So, some people prefer to have their tea. Mark, could we say some people prefer having their tea? Yes, we could. Some people prefer having their tea or some people prefer to have their tea. Both work. That's right. So, prefer is quite a flexible verb. We can use the gerand or the infinitive after it. A cup of very strong tea with lots of sugar is called builder's tea

because This is usually how builders drink their tea during their working day. So, a cup of very strong tea, a cup of tea which you leave the tea bag in for a long time. This is called builder's tea. What's a builder, Mark? A builder is someone who builds or makes repairs on a house or a building, for example. That's right. We could also call them a construction worker maybe. Mhm. And Susan says that this is how builders Usually drink their tea during their working day. I think this is a bit stereotypical. I would agree. Yes.

I think not all builders drink their tea like this. We have a builder at the moment doing some work in our garden and he doesn't drink builder's tea. He likes a peppermint tea. Oh wow. So there we go. Builders can like other types of tea. Absolutely. Okay. Let's continue then. When someone visits your house in the UK, the first Thing you do is ask if they would like to have a cup of tea. This is definitely true, isn't it? Yeah. Does it work this way in your house, Josie? Because you don't like tea. Yes. In

my house, I never have any tea in my cupboards. So, it's a problem when people want a cup of tea in my house. My wife really likes tea, so she always has a cup of tea. We always have tea in our house. Ah, that's lucky. Okay, in this sentence, we have another verb which is followed by the Infinitive. You ask if they would like to have a cup of tea. After the verb would like, we always use the infinitive to have. And this is true for all verbs which have would before them. For example, would

love to have a cup of tea, would hate to have a cup of tea. But be careful because after the verb like without would we can use the gerand form the ing form. So I can say I like drinking Tea but I would like to drink tea. Okay. Shall we continue? Let's go. It's difficult to find someone who says no to this question. Lots of British children learn to make a cup of tea when they are quite young because it is an important skill to have. So, lots of British children learn to make a cup

of tea. Learn is another verb after which we always use the infinitive form of the verb. So I could say at the moment I am Learning to speak Portuguese. Perfect. And what about the word skill, Josie? What is a skill? A skill is basically something that you can do. An ability. Okay. But it's not just tea which is important in the UK. What we eat with it is too. In the past, many people had tea at about 4:00 p.m. with cakes and sandwiches. This was called afternoon tea. Yes. So, I think that this is uh

a Stereotype that people have about the UK. Many people say to me, "Ah, you are British. You have tea at 400 p.m. or at 5:00 p.m." I think now afternoon tea can be quite fashionable. It can be quite popular to go to a restaurant or a cafe to have afternoon tea for a special occasion with your friends. That's right. But it's not something that we do every day, is it? Indeed, definitely not. Now, we drink tea whenever we want, usually with a biscuit or two or three. Yes. So, the word biscuit, be careful of the

pronunciation. We don't pronounce it bisuit. It's just biscuit. Okay. Most people enjoy dipping or dunking their biscuit in their tea before eating it. H. So, here we have two quite difficult words, dipping and dunking. They're verbs to dip and to dunk. What do they mean, Mark? Well, if you dip something into a liquid, it Means you put it into the liquid for a short time and then pull it out. Exactly. Yep. So, that's what lots of people do with their biscuits in their tea. And to dunk is just another way of saying this. Okay, you

would dunk a biscuit in tea, but you would perhaps dip a paintbrush in a tin of paint. That's right. Exactly. Okay. The word tea can have another meaning in different parts of the Country. For some people, tea is the meal they eat in the evening, which other people call dinner. Yes. So a meal is just breakfast, lunch or dinner. The general word for these. So in fact some people even use the word dinner instead of lunch. So in the UK you can have breakfast, lunch and dinner or breakfast, dinner and tea. But you can have

a cup of tea whenever you want. This is quite confusing, isn't it, Mark? It is for you. What do you call the three meals of the day? Well, when I was young, when I was a child, we used to say breakfast, dinner, and tea. But now I normally say breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Ah, interesting. I usually say breakfast, lunch, and tea. Ah, okay. And some people in the UK refer to their evening meal as supper. That's right. There's yet another word to use for this. It's very complicated, But the most important thing, as Susan said,

is that you can have a cup of tea whenever you want. Yep, that's right. Let's listen again to the text and listen out for those gerons and infinitives. For many people when they think of Britain, they think of tea. 63% of people in the UK drink tea everyday. And many people love drinking it so much that they can't imagine living without it. Portuguese priests and merchants Brought tea from East Asia to Europe in the 16th century, and drinking tea quickly became popular in Britain. In 2016, a list was made of countries who drank the most

tea, and Ireland and the UK were numbers two and three. Only people in Turkey drink more tea than we do. Most British people need to have a cup of tea as soon as they wake up in the morning and usually they have English breakfast tea with milk and sometimes sugar. Some people prefer to Have their tea without milk and some people like drinking other types of tea, but this is the most popular way to make it. A cup of very strong tea with lots of sugar is called builder's tea because this is usually how builders

drink their tea during their working day. When someone visits your house in the UK, the first thing you do is ask if they would like to have a cup of tea. It's difficult to find someone who says no to this question. Lots of British children Learn to make a cup of tea when they are quite young because it is an important skill to have. But it's not just tea which is important in the UK. What we eat with it is too. In the past, many people had tea at about 400 p.m. with cakes and sandwiches.

This was called afternoon tea, but now we drink tea whenever we want. Usually with a biscuit or two or three. Most people enjoy dipping or dunking their biscuit in their tea before eating it. The word tea Can have another meaning in different parts of the country. For some people, tea is the meal they eat in the evening, which other people call dinner. In fact, some people even use the word dinner instead of lunch. So, in the UK, you can have breakfast, lunch, and dinner, or breakfast, dinner, and tea. But you can have a cup of

tea whenever you want. Okay, that's the end of this episode. Coffee Break English, season 1, episode 10. Hi everyone and welcome to Coffee Break English. I'm Josie and I'm Mark and this is the final episode in this season of Coffee Break English and we're heading to Australia. Yes, we're off to talk to Matthew about surfing in Australia. And what about the language point for this episode, Josie? Well, we're going to learn some common phrasal verbs in English. Ah, phrasal verbs. Excellent. Let's get started. Over to you, Matthew. If you like surfing, then Australia is The

place for you. There are beaches all over the country where you will always find surfers hanging out. Some of the best places to surf include Plli Bay in Western Australia and Byron Bay in the east. Surfing started in Australia in 1915 when Duke Kahanamoku from Hawaii brought the first surfboard to the country and showed the locals how to use it to ride the waves. Every year there are lots of surfing competitions in Australia and professional surfers come From all over the world to take part. But it's not just professionals who enjoy surfing. More than 2.5

million Australians regularly surf as a hobby. Surfing isn't just a fun sport. It's a great way to work out and it brings with it a positive lifestyle and a relaxed way of thinking about the world. Lots of different people in Australia surf. Students, business people, mothers, fathers, and grandparents. Some people get up early, put on their swimsuit or Wets suit and surf in the morning, and others prefer to surf in the evening after work to switch off after a busy day. However, Australians who go surfing must watch out for sharks. There are sharks living in

a lot of places around the coast, and it is important that surfers know how to stay safe while they are in the water. It's best to go to protected beaches where there is a lifeguard. Some beaches also have shark alarms, which go off if someone sees a Shark in the water. Once you have some surfing experience, it's easy to enjoy the waves. But if you've never surfed before, it can be difficult to learn. It's important to keep on trying and be ready for the waves to knock you down, but don't give up and try to

enjoy it. As Phil Edwards, a famous American surfer said, "The best surfer out there is the one having the most fun." Thank you, Matthew. So, Mark, have you ever tried surfing? I've not tried surfing, But I have tried wind surfing. Ah, and are you good at wind surfing? I did fall in quite a lot, I have to admit. What about you? Have you ever tried surfing? I have tried surfing. I tried it once in Portugal and the waves were very, very big and I was very bad at surfing. Okay, let's go back through our text.

If you like surfing, then Australia is the place for you. There are beaches all over the country where you will always Find surfers hanging out. Yes. So, Matthew says, "You can find surfers hanging out at lots of beaches." To hang out is a phrasal verb and a phrasal verb is a verb which is made of more than one word. So in this case hang and out. But what does hang out mean? If someone hangs out somewhere, they spend a lot of time in that place or with those people. Exactly. So you can hang out at

the beach. You can hang out with your Friends, with your family. Okay. Some of the best places to surf include Prevy Bay in Western Australia and Byron Bay in the east. Surfing started in Australia in 1915 when Juke Kahanamoku from Hawaii brought the first surfboard to the country and showed locals how to use it to ride the waves. Yes. So this man from Hawaii, Juke Kahanamoku, that's quite difficult to pronounce, isn't it? I hope you're Pronouncing it correctly. Yes, we we might not be. But anyway, he brought the first surfboard. So, a surfboard is the

thing that you stand on when you surf and he showed the locals how to use it to ride the waves. So, this expression ride the waves, it just means to to surf on the waves, to to travel on the waves. Okay. Every year there are lots of surfing competitions in Australia and professional surfers come from all over The world to take part. So take part is another phrasal verb. And what does take part mean, Mark? You could say to participate, to be part of something. That's right. Exactly. So usually we use take part with uh

a competition like in this case professional surfers come to take part in surfing competitions in Australia. They come to participate. Good. But it's not just professionals who enjoy surfing. More than 2.5 million Australians regularly surf as a hobby. Surfing isn't just a fun sport. It's a great way to work out and it brings with it a positive lifestyle and a relaxed way of thinking about the world. Yes. So work out is another example of a phrasal verb and to workout means to do exercises or to train in order to make your body stronger. So if

you go to the gym, you work out. And there's another interesting word in this sentence, lifestyle. What's a Positive lifestyle, Josie? Hm. So your lifestyle is basically the way that you live your life. So if you have a positive lifestyle, you do lots of good things that keep you happy in your life. Okay. Lots of different people in Australia surf. Students, business people, mothers, fathers, and grandparents. Some people get up early, put on their swimsuit or wets suit and surf in the morning, and others prefer to surf in The evening after work to switch off

after a busy day. Okay, we have lots to talk about in this sentence cuz we have three phrasal verbs. Let's start from the beginning. Some people get up early. So get up means to leave your bed after you've been sleeping in the night. So these people get up early. They put on their swimsuit or wets suit. What does put on mean, Mark? You put on clothes onto your body. Exactly. So when You get dressed in the morning, you put on your clothes. So these surfers, they put on their swimsuit or their wets suit. What's the

difference between a swimsuit and a wet suit? Mark, a wet suit covers more of your body and probably keeps you warmer. That's right. Yes. Um, but these surfers, they put on their swimsuit. Put on is quite an interesting phrasal verb because it's possible to Separate it when we use an object. In this case, some clothes with the verb. We can put this object after the verb or in the middle. That's right. So we can say put on their swimsuit or or put their swimsuit on and both work. That's right. Now there's another phrasal verb in

this sentence to switch off after a busy day. That's right. So in this case, switch off just means to to relax after a busy day. So, I could ask you, Mark, how do You switch off in the evening after a busy day? I like to sit down and put on some music and relax. That sounds lovely. And you used the verb put on. Put on some music. But you weren't talking about clothes, were you? That's right. We can use put on for clothes when you're putting them onto your body, but you can also put on

music or put on the television. That's right. So, it just means to to start the music or to start the Television. But anyway, to switch off, we said to switch off means to relax. But there's also another meaning of switch off. Actually, at the end of the day, I switch off my computer. I switch off the music. I switch off the light. And I go to bed. That's right. So, we also use switch off for electrical things when we stop the power. So, what's the opposite of switch off, Mark? When you start the power on

the lights or the computer? Well, we say To switch on. We switch on the power. We switch on the computer. We switch on the lights. And we can also say turn on. We can Yes. switch on and turn on. They're the same. And switch off and turn off. They are the same. So you can see that phrasal verbs have a lot of different meanings and that's what makes them quite complicated in English. Let's continue with the text. Okay. However, Australians who go surfing must watch out for sharks. Yes. So here's another phrasal verb. Watch out.

Watch out just means be careful or be alert because there's something dangerous somewhere. So surfers must watch out for sharks. They must be careful. But what are sharks, Mark? Sharks are very large fish with very sharp teeth. That's right. and they can sometimes be dangerous. Okay, there are sharks living in a lot of places around the coast and It is important that surfers know how to stay safe while they are in the water. It's best to go to protected beaches where there is a lifeguard. Yes. So a lifeguard we can separate this word and we

can see life and guard. So a lifeguard is basically someone who guards your life, who looks after you when you're in the water. Okay. Some beaches also have shark alarms which go off if someone sees a shark in the Water. go off. This is another phrasal verb, of course. And go off in this case, these shark alarms, they they ring. They make a sound. They go off. That's what go off means. I don't think I would like to hear a shark alarm if I were in the water surfing. No, that sounds a bit scary. Okay,

once you have some surfing experience, it's easy to enjoy the waves. But if you've never surfed Before, it can be difficult to learn. It's important to keep on trying and be ready for the waves to knock you down. It's important to keep on trying. It's important to continue trying. Keep on means continue and be ready for the waves to knock you down. What does it mean if a wave knocks you down, Mark? Well, if you're standing on your surfboard and the wave knocks you down, you'll end up in the water. That's right. This is what

Happened to me when I went surfing. Oh dear. But don't give up and try to enjoy it. As Phil Edwards, a famous American surfer said, "The best surfer out there is the one having the most fun." Here we have our last phrasal verb in the text, but don't give up. Give up means to stop doing something, to abandon something. So, for example, when I was at school, I played the violin, but I didn't like it, so I gave up. I stopped. Oh, that's a shame that you Gave up playing the violin. Well, instead, I kept

on playing the piano. Ah, so I continued playing the piano. Excellent. Good. Okay, let's listen again to our text and see if you can spot all of these phrasal verbs as Matthew reads them. If you like surfing, then Australia is the place for you. There are beaches all over the country where you will always find surfers hanging out. Some of the best places to surf include Plli Bay in Western Australia and Byron Bay in the east. Surfing started in Australia in 1915 when Duke Kahanamoku from Hawaii brought the first surfboard to the country and showed

the locals how to use it to ride the waves. Every year there are lots of surfing competitions in Australia and professional surfers come from all over the world to take part. But it's not just professionals who enjoy surfing. More than 2.5 million Australians regularly surf as a hobby. Surfing isn't just a fun sport. It's a great way to work out and it brings with it a positive lifestyle and a relaxed way of thinking about the world. Lots of different people in Australia surf. Students, business people, mothers, fathers, and grandparents. Some people get up early, put

on their swimsuit or wets suit, and surf in the morning. And others prefer to surf in the evening after work to switch off after a busy day. However, Australians who go surfing Must watch out for sharks. There are sharks living in a lot of places around the coast, and it is important that surfers know how to stay safe while they are in the water. It's best to go to protected beaches where there is a lifeguard. Some beaches also have shark alarms, which go off if someone sees a shark in the water. Once you have some

surfing experience, it's easy to enjoy the waves. But if you've never surfed before, it can be difficult to learn. It's important to keep on trying and be ready for the waves to knock you down. But don't give up and try to enjoy it. As Phil Edwards, a famous American surfer said, "The best surfer out there is the one having the most fun.