CHALLENGES to STATE Power, 1450-1750 [AP World History Review—Unit 4 Topic 6]

so I hope you weren't thinking that everyone was happy about the expansion of se-based Empires from 1450 to 1750 don't be crazy no there was plenty of opposition and I reckon we ought to talk about it so if you're ready to get them brain cows milked let's get to it so as you know by now European states were going Hog Wild during this period in order to expand their Maritime Empires throughout the world and right along with that expansion came increased efforts to centralize their power in order to maintain economic and political control over their

Global possessions and as it turns out neither the people in their home countries nor their colonized populations enjoyed being crushed under the Imperial thumb of Big Daddy government and that led to significant pockets of resistance and I'm going to give you three juicy examples oh and if you want no guys to follow along with this video on all my videos check the link below the first resistance movement you need to know is called the frond which occurred in France and let's start with a little Contex now the French monarch Louis the 14th was kind of

like the poster boy for a new political Doctrine on the scene known as absolutism in which monarchs Consolidated dang near all power beneath themselves and as it turns out Lou had an appetite for Endless Wars of expansion and as you may know Wars of expansion do not pay for themselves and so several new edicts were passed that increased taxation among French subjects and so the French nobility whose power had been under threat from The Growing Power of the monarchy LED peasants in spontaneous rebellions known as the frond that lasted for 6 years in the end

the resistance was crushed and the monarchy only increased in power now the second example of resistance is Queen Anna en zinga's resistance in Africa inzinga ruled over the subsaharan kingdoms of Vango and matamba and was growing concerned over the Relentless encroachment of Portuguese merchants in West Africa and so she went ahead and allied with the Dutch and the Kingdom of the Congo in order to fight back the Portuguese armies which she successfully did and then the third example of resistance is known as the pbl Revolt over in North America now the poblo people had suffered

terrible abuses as a result of oppressive Spanish missionary efforts hey did y'all know Jesus loves you anyway the poblo had been forced into coer labor for Spanish projects and suffer the effects of disease and as a result their population dwindled to about 25% of its pre-colonial numbers and so in 1680 the poblo organized under a local leader named Pope and violently rebelled against the Spanish killing many missionaries in leaders in the process they were temporarily able to eject the Spanish from their lands but a decade later the Spanish returned in power and regained control over

the region I told yall Jesus loves you now to be clear these are not the only three examples of rebellion against Imperial expansion and abuses but these are a good sampling of all the others regardless here's a summary of everything I just said because of the Relentless efforts of European states to expand their Empires and consolidate power under themselves the various groups that suffered the effects of that expansion resisted sometimes successfully and sometimes unsuccessfully okay and the second group of sister to Imperial efforts was the enslave remember that the imperial project in the Americas was

largely ordered around Agriculture and the export of cast crops like sugar and rice and tobacco and so to that end millions of enslaved Africans were purchased and transported across the dreaded Middle Passage and then inserted into the brutal and coercive machine of agricultural output and again it's really important to know that these enslaved laborers didn't simply accept their fate but instead rebelled against it and I'm going to give you two examples first is the establishment of maroon Societies in the Caribbean and Brazil now here's where I tell you that in most of the European colonies

that majored and enslaved labor for agricultural work there was usually a small population of free blacks and so because of the exceedingly harsh conditions of Plantation labor enslaved Africans sometimes ran away and joined these communities of free blacks which were known as maroon societies these were especially numerous in the Caribbean and Brazil and that's not surprising since the vast majority of the enslaved arrived in those two destinations maybe that sounds strange to you like from everything we know about European Imperial powers and their racist social doctrines that justify the brutality of African slavery isn't it

weird that communities of free blacks would continue to exist and they'd be like yeah we're okay with that no in many cases they were emphatically not okay with that especially since the presence of maroon communities served as an endless enticement for their workers to abandon the fields and flee so for example in Jamaica British colonial authorities tried to crush the maroon communities on the island but the maroon communities fought back and ultimately because these maroon communities were located deep in the interior and well fortified by natural features like mountains and thick forests the colonial militia

failed to wipe them out so a treaty was signed in 1738 that recognized the freedom of this maroon community and then the second example of enslave resistance came from the British colonies in North America and it was known as the Stono Rebellion of 1739 so here in South Carolina it was likewise a major agricultural operation that specialized in the export of rice and indigo and because this was so dang lucrative for Big Mama Britain they sent enslaved Africans there by the thousands until the overwhelming majority of people in that Colony were enslaved and then in

1739 after suffering all the abuses that come with enslavement a 100 enslaved persons stormed the local Armory and traveled through the countryside killing their enslavers indiscriminately and ultimately the local militia crushed the this Rebellion but the event struck fear into the slaveholding colonies Okay click here to keep reviewing for unit four and click here to grab my video note guides which are great for students who hate reading their textbook but still need to get the content of this course firmly crammed into their brain fold and I appreciate you coming around and I'll catch you on

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