in 1328 the capian Royal Dynasty which had ruled France for over three centuries ceased to exist the kingdom faced difficult times as an empty Throne could lead to Civil War to prevent this Philip Duke of Vala convened the most powerful feudal Lords of France since the house of Vala itself was descended from the capian line Philip proposed himself as a candidate for the throne the majority supported him and he was soon crowned in Reams as King Philip I 6 apart from Phillip several other feudal Lords laid claim to the crown notably King Edward III of
England who had French ancestry through his mother Isabella of France however the French aristocracy did not want to be ruled by a foreign King and thus rejected Edward's claim consequently Edward returned to England and began preparations for war Philip v 6 also o prepared for war he Consolidated his power suppressed uprisings in Flanders and formed an alliance with Scotland then he decided to take gasin from Edward III the only english- held land on the continent from which they could launch attacks on France in 1337 Philip v 6 found a pretext and declared the confiscation of
gany in response Edward III declared war on France within 2 years years the English assembled an army and landed in Flanders Edward III had long-standing allies there and Flanders quickly sided with the English for an entire year the English looted piery only the news that Philip v 6 with an army had arrived near Amia forced them to retreat despite this Edward decided not to abandon the war and in 1340 proclaimed himself King of France the conflict escalated from a skirmish over gany to a full-blown War for the French Crown in response Philip I 6 sent
his Fleet to Flanders to prevent the English from returning however in the Battle of SES the English easily defeated this Fleet and once again landed in Flanders a year later war broke out in Britany where one of the claimants to the ducal title John of Montfort supported the English this gave England the opp opportunity to attack France from three directions only then did the French realize the seriousness of the situation in 1345 the French Prince John set out to conquer giny he nearly succeeded but the defeat at obber Ro nullified all French gains in 1346
Edward III landed in koton and moved Inland pillaging lands along his way the French King left the capital and gathered his troops troups in Ruan expecting the English to head there however Edward marched towards Paris lacking the strength to capture the city the English merely looted the surrounding lands before heading towards Flanders the French followed them the armies finally met in piery near C the French had a significant numerical Advantage with more Cavalry and additional reinforcements from Italian mercenaries the English however could counter this only only with their disciplined forces and the famed English long
bowman the first French attack was launched before half of their troops had even reached the battlefield each feudal Lord LED his contingent separately resulting in disorganized assaults the French Cavalry trampled their crossbowmen due to the lack of coordination meanwhile the English long bowmen continuously rained arrows upon the advancing French forces and when the enemy got too close they were driven back by the English Knight the French attempted to engage in battle multiple times conducting a total of 17 attacks but all ended the same way that night Philip VI 6 realized the heavy losses he had
suffered and decided to retreat leaving a third of his army on the battlefield after defeating the French Edward III decided to consolidate his Continental Holdings he began the siege of C which lasted a year this gave the French enough time to gather a new Army however Philip v 6 mindful of the previous defeat did not dare to engage in another battle and seeded the Strategic City to the English soon after both sides agreed to at truce and Edward III returned to England in 1350 Prince John became king John II the good he aimed to finally
defeat the English and reclaim the Lost territories however Edward II preempted him by deliberately making impossible demands during negotiations and after the French King's refusal he declared the truce null and void in 1355 two English armies landed on the continent one commanded by Edward III landed in K the other led by his son also named Edward and later known as the black prince with 7,000 soldiers landed in giny the black prince immediately embarked on a plundering campaign in oxitan and the following year he raided aquatan in response John II assembled a significant Army and headed
south he encountered the black prince at potier where the French army repeated almost all the mistakes from the Battle of CI the French suffered heavy losses on the battlefield and King John II was captured the English had not anticipated such success they quickly concluded a tree Cru in bordeau and agreed to return the French King in exchange for a large Ransom the French Prince Charles was ready to pay this money for his father but the parisians opposed the idea and Rose in Rebellion demanding that such resources be used to continue the war the prince had
to flee to Reams at the same time Charles II of Navar who also claimed the French Crown distinguished himself in France he chose the path of Intrigue and deception earning the nickname Charles the bad taking advantage of the absence of both the king and the prince from the capital he forged an alliance with the English and began Gathering an army aiming to capture Paris and Proclaim himself King but in 1358 a peasant Uprising erupted in northern France The Peasants were discontented with the prolonged War rampant banditry and the governments in action this Uprising became known
as the jaakari it was in this context that Charles the bad decided to make his move pretending to be an ally of the rebellious peasants he attacked them during negotiations massacring them with exceptional brutality however this did not increase support for Charles the bad although the parisians led him into the city they quickly revolted against him recalling both his friendship with the English and his cruelty in suppressing the jacarei faced with this opposition Charles the bad renounced his claims to the crown in front of Prince Charles but in return received lands in Normandy understanding the
tragic situation in France John II who was then in London signed a peace treaty with Edward III according to this treaty the English king renounced his claims to the French throne but received half of France in return however the French did not agree with such a treaty and the parisians even allowed Prince Charles to return to the capital there he officially declared that he did not recognize the treaty signed by his father then Edward III quickly gathered an army and marched to Reams however this campaign turned out to be a failure for the English they
failed to capture any significant City and suffered heavy losses when winter arrived in 1360 the treaty of Britany was signed aquatan was seeded to England and John II returned home but he promised to pay a substantial Ransom nevertheless this peace treaty did not bring an end to the war in 1362 John II having failed to pay the ransom voluntarily returned to captivity in England 2 years later he died there his son now Charles I the wise began preparations for war he implemented military reforms he centralized command increased the number of mercenaries and created units of
French archers additionally he appointed talented military leaders to high positions one of whom bertron de Gan was given the post of constable of France effectively the commander of all the Kingdom's forces meanwhile Charles the bad was once again plotting to seize Paris and become King of France however in 1364 berron deekan marched against the navares and swiftly captured all of Charles the bad's possessions in Normandy soon after he caught up with and defeated his forces in the Battle of cochell following this defeat Charles the bad abandoned his attempts at war with the French King for
a long time the following year deeka attempted to reclaim the duche of Britany however he faced defeat at the battle of v and Duke deont for expanded his Holdings France had many retired soldiers who had nothing to occupy themselves with and thus turned to looting King Charles I hired some of them for military service but many who did not join the Army continued their brigandage the king devised a clever plan to rid himself of these Marauders he intervened in the Castilian Civil War gathered 15 ,000 mercenaries under Dean's command and sent them to support his
ally Henry II of trastamara deekan easily defeated the Castilian King Peter I the cruel who fled to the English Peter then allied with Edward the black prince and returned to Castile with 8,000 mercenaries the armies met at the Battle of NAA taking advantage of Henry II's Misfortune Peter the cruel and the Black Prince's for forces defeated the Franco Spanish troops and captured Bertrand deekan however after the victory Peter I did not pay his soldiers and failed to Grant the promised lands to the black prince Edward abandoned the Castilian King which soon ended Peter the cruel's
reign in Spain the black prince contracted dysentery Upon returning to aquatan he also quarreled with his vassals this forced him to seek mediation from the French King in his disputes with the feudal Lords Charles I seized this opportunity and began the conquest of aquatan the Hundred Years War reignited with renewed intensity the English under the command of Captain Robert nolles landed in Cay and attempted to seize piery however they faced significant resistance from the French Bertrand de geka skillfully stretched the English forces through man Maneuvers winning small battles after a year the English suffered too
many losses to continue the campaign and retreated to aquatan but duek pursued and defeated them at the Battle of pain duek then moved towards aquatan capturing cities along the way and in 1372 took lar R roelle the following year a rebellion broke out in Britany John of Monfort was forced to flee to England and deekan took the opportunity to seize the peninsula without a fight returning to aquatan deekan defeated the English at the Battle of CH within a year the French had liberated most of aquatan leaving the English with only the county of giny these
French successes were largely due to the condition of Edward the black prince who due to illness returned to England for treatment in 1371 and soon died a year later his father King Edward III also passed away the new king of England was Richard II the son of the black prince unlike his illustrious Father Richard II had a weak character and was dependent on the nobility England now faced the threat of Civil War in 1380 the French crossed the English Channel and pillaged Kent the following year a peasant Revolt broke out in England in 1384 The
Burgundian acquired Flanders through marriage removing one of England's wealthiest Continental allies this situation led to a catastrophe in England and Henry Duke of Lancaster Who Bore personal grudges against Richard II staged a coup and became King Henry IV France was in no better condition in 1380 both King Charles I the wise and Constable bertran deekan died the new King Charles I 6 the Mad saw Paris embroil in Noble intrigues for control of the Kingdom soon all of France was caught in a struggle between the Dukes of burgundy and the Dukes of oron which eventually escalated
into a full-blown civil war known as The aranyak Burgundian Civil War meanwhile Henry V only the second king of England from the lancastrian dynasty sought to bolster his authority through military victories the situation in France only made this easier cting the French support of a Welsh Rebellion 10 years earlier as a pretext Henry V declared war and in 1415 landed in Normandy with an army then moved towards Cala for reinforcements the French army under Constable Charles dbre moved to intercept him at the Battle of aun Court the French army once again displayed a lack of
discipline and suffered a devastating defeat losing a third of their soldiers the Battle of aun Court proved to be an even greater disaster for the French than all previous defeats in the Hundred Years War the French army which was supposed to defend the kingdom simply disappeared by 1419 the English had captured Normandy Britany and Maine and laid Siege to the capital soon the burgundians AG grieved by the dishonorable murder of their Duke sided with the English consequently in 1420 Charles V 6 was forced to sign the Treaty of tuah According to which upon his death
the French Crown would pass to the English King Henry the 5th for this to happen Henry V had to marry the French princess Katherine of Vala a union that would later play a cruel trick on the lancastrian Dynasty in 1421 the French Prince Charles gathered his own Army from among Scottish and Italian mercenaries unwilling to accept that he would not inherit at the crown upon his father's death he planned to defeat the English He faced off against the English King's brother Duke Thomas of Lancaster in the Battle of B the English were caught in an
ambush and defeated with Thomas being killed in 1422 both Charles II and Henry V died the English immediately demanded that the French Crown be handed over to the young Henry V 6th meanwhile another brother of the English king Duke John of Lancaster captured champagne more importantly he seized the city of reams where French Kings were traditionally crowned simultaneously French Nobles gathered in potier and refused to recognize the English Henry V 6 as their King offering the crown instead to Prince Charles Prince Charles hoped to reclaim Normandy but suffered a defeat at the Battle of veroy
narrowly escaping the battlefield he then began forming a new Army notably reconciling with the Breton which required him to recognize John demontfort as the rightful Duke of Britney with the support of Britain troops Prince Charles recaptured shenan in response the English laid Siege to oron hoping to open the road to Southern France however thanks to the heroism of the French the siege of oron dragged on for a year during this time Joon Nar arrived in shenan to meet Charles she claimed that God had sent her to save France from the English and asked for troops
various theories about Joon of arc's Origins exist ranging from her being a simple peasant girl to being the illegitimate daughter of King Charles I 6 receiving a small contingent of knights from Prince Charles Joan of Arc set out to lift to the siege of oron the campaign became known as the lir campaign Joan participated directly in the battles even suffering wounds but managed to defeat the English outside the walls of oron and recapture all surrounding fortresses she triumphantly entered the liberated oron and not giving the English time to recover pursued and defeated them again at
Pate thus she freed the lir valley these victories boosted French morale and Joan of Arc the maid of oron was given command of a larger force and set out to liberate Reams the inhabitants of champagne surrendered their lands without a fight the French Prince now Charles iith arrived in Reams for his coronation earning the title the Victorious jonar aimed to liberate the French Capital she laid Siege to Paris but the English and their Burgundian allies had left a strong Garrison there and The Siege failed Joan was wounded for the second time meanwhile the inhabitants of
Ken Rose against the English but the city was besieged by the burgundians Joon ofar without waiting for reinforcements went to Aid the people of compen but lost the battle and was captured later the English tried her for witchcraft and burned her at the stake in Ruan despite this Joon ofar became a heroine of France after the death of the maid of Oran the French did not stop the war Charles iith conducted military reforms creating a professional Army of mercenaries and adopting new technology Firearms during this time the French organized many uprisings in the occupied territories
the uprisings in piery in 1431 could not be suppressed the English led by Duke John of Lancaster lost the battle of santani however the uprising in Rua was brutally suppressed in 1435 the French defeated the English at the Battle of gerberoy and liberated part of the French lands that same year Duke Philip the good of burgundy alarmed by French successes in the war returned burgundy to the French Crown as a gesture of Goodwill he freed Flanders but after suffering a defeat at Cal he left the city under English control in 1449 Charles iith organized campaign
to Normandy he defeated the English at the Battle of fori after which the inhabitants of Ruan who despised the English opened the city gates to the French 2 years later Charles iith moved South and easily captured Bordeaux however the following year the English led by Baron talbet retook the city in 1453 Charles iith returned to gany with an army and defeated the English at the Battle of castalon the French artillery played a crucial role in this battle marking the beginning of a new era in military history according to many scholars although the last english- held
City Cal was not recaptured by the French until 100 years later the victory at castalon is considered the end of The 100 Years War the 100 years war which began as a feud among Nobles over the crown Ended as a war between two Nations the English and the French it was during this war that both peoples began to distinguish themselves from one another on one hand it became a display of national heroism and on the other a manifestation of particular brutality furthermore the Hundred Years War heralded the end of the shival era as Knights began
to be replaced by mercenaries and thus these two centuries came to be known as the Autumn of the Middle Ages
