hey guys quick marker mister basics here let's talk about enzymes enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerates biochemical reactions the molecule on which an enzyme acts is called a substrate and a substrate is finally converted into a product the study of enzymes is calling xym ology the enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5000 reactions taking place in the cells most of the enzymes are made up of proteins however some RNA molecules can also act as enzymes such RNA molecules are termed as ribozymes how do enzymes work in order to convert a substrate into a product
a certain amount of energy is required this is called activation energy higher the activation energy more difficult it is to convert a substrate into a product what enzymes do is they decrease the activation energy for a particular reaction so that the conversion of substrate into a product can occur easily the enzymes are called catalysts as they only convert a substrate into a product and are not consumed in the reaction the several factors that affect the enzyme activity these includes pH temperature presence of salts etc the enzymes are most active when these conditions are kept optimum
a drastic change in pH temperature or ionic strength can decrease the enzyme activity the molecules that decrease or inhibits the enzyme activity are called inhibitors while the molecules that increase the enzyme activity are called activators enzymes are classified on the basis of the reactions which they catalyze the term EC number is used in the classification where EC stands for enzyme commission the enzymes are classified into six main types EC 1 stands for oxido reductase these are the enzymes that catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions in the cells EC 2 stands for transferases these are the enzymes
that transfers a functional group from one molecule to the other ez 3 stands for hydrolases these are the enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of various bonds easy four stands for Liza's these are the enzymes that cleaves way responds by the means of hydrolysis and oxidation ec5 stands for isomerases these are the enzymes that catalyze isomerization reaction in a single molecule and ec6 stands for ligases these are the molecules that joins to molecule with a covalent bond
