over half of all animals in the open ocean drift in currents jellyfish cross entire oceans feeding on whatever happens to tangle with their tentacles some can grow to a meter even 2 m across and when by Lucky chance they encounter a patch of sea rich in Plankton their numbers [Music] explode [Music] [Music] it's such a successful strategy the jellies are one of the most common life forms on the planet but among the jellies and looking somewhat like them is a rather more complex and Sinister creature the Portuguese man of [Music] war it floats with the
help of a gas filled bladder topped by a vertical membrane with that serving as a sail it maintains a steady course through the waves [Music] long threads trail behind it some as much as 30 m [Music] long each is armed with many thousands of stinging cells a single tentacle could kill a fish or in rare cases a human but among its lethal tentacles lurs a Mana War fish that feeds by nibbling them once this fish has some resistance to the stings it must still be extremely careful most other fish are not so [Music] [Applause] [Music]
lucky a tentacle has caught this one and reels it in it's already paralyzed specialized muscular tentacles transfer the victim to others that digest the catch liquefying it with powerful [Applause] chemicals eventually all that is left is a scaly husk this voracious man of war May collect over a hundred small fish in a [Music] day the struggle to survive in our green Seas can have far-reaching consequences once a year one particular Meadow in Australia is transformed around the first four moon of winter an army materializes spider crabs for the past year they've been feeding in deeper
waters now they march across the seagrass [Music] plains hundreds of thousands of them they clamber over one another creating great [Music] Mounds nearly 100 m long they're not seeking mates neither are are they laying eggs they have come here in order to grow like all crabs their bodies are enclosed in a hard unexpandable shell so to grow they have to break out of it and that allows the soft one that has developed beneath to expand it will take days for the new shell to harden its legs are so limp that they won't work properly the
crab is unprotected and in great danger a smooth Stingray it's huge about 4 M long it wants a soft freshly molded crab that will be easier to eat the crabs try to stick together but now disturbed by the ray they're scattering a newly moted crab is too weak to keep up with the crowd the safest place is right in the middle of the pile that is why they have all assembled here there is safety in numbers but the vast majority of the crabs escape and within the next few days they will be ready to return
to the depths and resume their lonely wanderings in search of food this is no graveyard but the Triumph of 100,000 crabs successfully molted a Sally Lightfoot crab one of thousands of shore crabs just waiting for their moment every day they gather on the tropical shores of [Music] Brazil waiting for the tide to go [Music] out which exposes their feeding grounds seaweed covered rocks 100 m from the shore getting there is a race against the tide they leap from rock to rock [Music] these crabs seem to be afraid of the water and for good reason the
Moray eel the chain Moray is a specialist crab Hunter its blunt teeth can easily grip and crush a crab [Music] shell it's the crabb's deadliest [Music] enemy but the crabs feeding grounds are still a long way off they must Press On [Music] halfway but the enemy has other ideas crossing the land to reset the Ambush to feed the crabs must keep going but nowhere is safe an octopus also a crab killer the crabs make a dash for it made [Music] it risking life and limb to graze on these seaweed [Music] pastures but in 2 hours
time when the tide starts to turn they will have to run the gauntlet all over again this is a poison dart frog males raise their young in a very special way a father will place each one of his tadpoles in its own tiny pool of water this is one nice and safe he might have up to five other tadpoles but he needs to remember where he put each one of them this one isn't doing so well it tiny puddle has all but dried out the TPO will die unless its father can find a better place
for it if dads are good for one thing it's piggyback [Music] [Music] rides fathers are no bigger than a human thumbnail but this enables them to get to places that others can't this could be perfect the only problem is that there's no food here fathers need [Music] help somewhere in this Forest is [Music] Mom [Music] a female could do something a male cannot but first dad must lead his partner to their hungry [Music] [Music] tadpole [Music] and mother deals with the problem She lays a single unfertilized [Music] egg and her tple gets a much needed
meal for the next 6 weeks parents continue their rounds an extraordinary test of teamwork and memory out here on the sand Flats there is safe accommodation for some the family of saddle black clownfish have found an excellent home the tentacles of this carpet anemon can kill but the clownish are immune to the [Music] poison so they can shelter from [Music] danger in return turn the fish keep the anemon clean of [Music] debris as with all clownfish the family is ruled by a big female her white face marks her out as the boss the dommin of
male has to prove his worth so he works tirelessly removing debris and generally keeping on top of the [Music] housework his greatest challenge is to find a safe place where the boss can lay her eggs but there's nothing solid here for the female to lay them [Music] on a nearby shell could be the solution if only he can move it to the protection of the [Music] anemon too heavy besides it has a mind of its own hermit crab [Music] but out here twice a day the anemon is swept by tidal currents and they bring in
new opportunities an old plastic bottle perhaps this will do not heavy enough [Music] enough a coconut [Music] shell it looks just right but it's a long way from home [Music] and he can't move it by [Music] himself so prepare now work [Music] [Music] together [Music] [Music] a little adjustment to the anemon tentacles in order to clear a space for it and the shell is tucked [Music] in the female Lays a safe Nursery at [Music] last he has proved himself worthy to Father her young and he fertilizes [Music] them now he will meticulously tend the [Music]
eggs keeping them clean and healthy until they hatch in 10 days [Music] time they bullied constantly and forced to live on the fringes of the [Music] troop as outcasts their only comfort is each other he's been snatched stolen by a higher ranking female she is childless and she wants a baby of her [Music] own he's only a few meters away but if his mother approaches the rest of the troop could well attack her the kidnapper has never raised a baby before so this one is in danger they're headed towards a cable car Tower the young
mother can't let them out of her sight [Music] [Music] you they're 30 m up if she tries to grab her baby and fails he could fall to his death the kidnapper refuses to surrender him there's one last thing a mother can try and to do it she needs to recruit another [Music] maack now the mother begins to groom her companions in full view of the kidnapper all monkeys love to be groomed even by a low-ranking female it's the basis for peace in maak society eventually the urge to join in is just too strong the kidnap
is over and the youngster can climb back into his mother's arms Seas snakes at one time time these snakes ancestors lived on dry land they must still visit the surface to breathe but they are beautifully adapted to life at sea hunting for fish around the island reefs they have some of the most toxic venom of any animal so they don't have many predators but as they forage off the coast of one small island their greatest Nemesis is approaching Yoko and setco are hunters and they have a fearsome reputation these two 70-year-olds are on a shopping
trip like no other Yoko and setco live on the tiny island of kudaka it's only 4 kilm across and with limited space on land the locals look to the sea to provide as the sun sets the lady's prey is [Music] approaching on certain Summer Nights venomous sea snakes move towards the island and gather in coastal caves looking for shelter and fresh water to [Music] drink but coming ashore on this island is extremely risky it takes some nerve to Wade in with no protective clothing Seas snake venom can be 10 times more powerful than a rattlesnakes
[Applause] Yoko has been hunting snakes for 40 years it's a skill that's been passed down the generations here for at least five centuries hi good [Music] [Laughter] big the snakes will be dried in this Smokehouse using a secret process known only by the [Music] hunters then they go into a special [Music] soup the catching and eating of sea snakes is a very old tradition on the island of kadaka where the sea provides more than the land the blue shark it travels over 8,000 km a year riding on the currents supported by its broad wing-shaped fins
this one may not have eaten for 2 months but the currents can carry promising traces of fatty oils from many kilometers away and will lead it to its next [Music] meal after days of travel the smell of food get [Music] stronger a dead whale recently struck by a ship this could be a real Feast but the blue shark must be cautious great white sharks 10 times heavier than a blue are highly possessive around a whale carcass great whites are eager to feed on energy rich whale blubber which now know forms a major part of their
[Music] diet once the great white has had its fill smaller sharks like the blue shark tackle what's left of a carcass as the oils from this dead whale spread more widely more and more blue sharks [Music] appear Within days the carcass will be stripped of its blubber then no longer kept buoyant by its oil it will sink Into the Depths below the blue with its reserves of fat replenished can now survive for another 2 months without eating a little red flying [Music] fox their ancestors flew here traveling along the chain of volcanic islands that links
Asia to Australia but that huge Wings would stretch from their fingers to their toes make it difficult for them to walk or take off from the ground so when they want to rest they hang upside down in [Music] trees but the bats have to drink every day and they do so on the [Music] [Applause] Wind they swoop just low enough to wet their bellies and then back in their roosts they will suck out the water [Music] each evening 10,000 of them come [Music] [Applause] [Music] here not all of them return every 2 m of river
there is a crocodile they were here long before the bats survivors from Australia's prehistoric past [Music] [Music] these dramas have been taking place for millions of years aerial agility versus patience and deadly [Music] speed Australia's forests are hostile places in which to make your home [Music] in a far corner of Southeast Asia lies the coral triangle a custa of the richest coral reefs in the [Music] world undersea cities crammed full of life as in any crowded Metropolis there is fierce rivalry for space for food and for a partner but the reef is also a Place
full of opportunity [Music] a cuttlefish it specializes in hunting [Music] crabs but a large crab is a dangerous Quarry it has powerful claws the battlefish however has a remarkable Talent its skin contains millions of pigment cells with which it can create everchanging colors and [Music] patterns and that apparently hypnotizes the crab [Music] a cuttlefish may be clever but a shark is bigger and it eats cutle fish time to [Music] [Music] disappear back to the hunt a new Target but the same mesmerizing technique [Music] for those that manage to establish themselves in these bustling undersea cities
there can be great [Music] rewards during the dry season over half a million turns Crow onto this remote ATL in the Indian Ocean their chicks are still in their dark juvenile plumage they vary in [Music] age whilst the more advanced chicks take to the [Music] air others aren't quite ready [Music] yet [Music] those just starting to learn to fly you see shallow Lagoon that occupies the center of the atall as their training ground it's difficult for some of them to stay a loft for [Applause] long [Music] giant treales usually they are solitary Hunters but about
50 of them have come here from neighboring reefs attracted by this abundance of potential prey the fledglings stay out of the water if they can they even drink on the [Music] wing if the chalia to catch one now they have to up their [Music] game so there is a fish here that amazingly has a brain capable of calculating the air speed altitude and trajectory of a bird the time comes when every fledgling has to take to the air and collect food for [Music] itself their parents lead them to the training [Music] grounds [Music] he [Music]
sh [Music] if they are to survive they must learn [Music] quickly after a month of practicing over the Lagoon the youngsters start to leave and take their chances out over the Open Sea somewhere along this seemingly Barren stretch of sand there is food in great [Music] quantity Cape fur seeds there are around 10,000 of them here adult seals are large and strong but their pups are [Music] neither the youngsters are closely guarded by their mothers a hyena however knows to be patient sooner or later seal mothers must return to the ocean to cool off a
single teal pup could feed a hyena and her family for days but finding food is only half the [Music] battle it now has to be carried back [Music] a jackal is here too and it's not alone if a hyena loses her kill she'll have nothing with which to feed her Cubs the jackals won't follow her very far from the coast it's too hot for them in the desert interior only by making these long Journeys can brown hyenas managed to survive in the middle of the Nami off the South Coast Lies by far the biggest of
them Tasmania and that has its own special marsupio one that seldom appears until after dark the Tasmanian devil [Music] many predators inhabit a territory packed with prey but here there's nothing like that for [Music] them each May travel for Miles night after night prepared to eat anything it can find dead or alive [Music] the shoreline is a good place to search there might be some small creatures to catch here or maybe something that the tide is bought [Music] in the carcass of a waby has has been washed [Music] ashore Tasmanian devils can eat 40% of
their body weight in one session and they have hugely powerful jaws they tackle everything even [Music] bones back at the Den there are other hungry mouths [Music] her two youngsters are 6 months old they still rely on their mother's milk but they're feeling [Music] peckish there must be something solid they could find for themselves while they're waiting for a [Music] drink is this [Music] food that possum smells [Music] tasty but it's a little high up this looks more promising [Music] at last a giant stick not bad for a first [Music] go their mother will protect
and feed these youngsters for another 3 months their survival is important to her but also for us because these are one of the last devil families in the [Music] world Tasmanian devils are now endangered found in only a few places such as this remote iset off the coast of Tasmania the seader have started creeping into the Lush cultivated Fields it's a whole new [Music] world these fields are brimming with specially sewn grass intended for cattle but this herd always seems to be one step ahead helping themselves to the best grass before it can even be
cut every year deer can Munch their way through over 30 million pound worth of crops but some Farmers have developed a Live and Let Live attitude [Music] the deer are reaping the benefits of hokkaido's human landscape in a place like this it pays to be adaptable in the warmth of early summer the Red crowned cranes have moved into the Farmland waterways and they have a new family member they traditionally nest in marshes but most have been drained so the cranes are raising their chick in an irrigation Channel all through the summer the chick will be
entirely dependent on its parents for food the channel is teeming with insects fish and frogs but the parents can barely keep up with their gangly offsprings appetite the family won't be able to move on until the chick can fly in the meantime they can't escape from Surprise [Music] visitors the Seeker deer have managed to wander right into the path of a PA pair of cranes with a weak old [Music] chick mom and dad work together to Shepherd the chick to [Music] safety and then a quick flash of the dagger-like beak to make sure the deer
keep their [Applause] distance the parents diligence has paid off their priority now is to feed their chick while times are good it's the breeding season and the trees are teeming with frogs the female is with a male at the tip of a branch perched above the Patty pool she's building a nest by whipping up a giant ball of foam with her back legs She lays hundreds of eggs [Applause] inside she's attracting the the attention of other males each male could still fertilize some of the remaining eggs in the foam they're coming in from all [Applause]
directions but the foam makes it hard to get to grips with the [Applause] [Music] competition things quickly descend into an undignified wrestling [Music] [Music] match [Music] this male's work here is done it's time to move on and find other nests but when you're covered in Slippery foam it's hard to leave with [Music] dignity it's an usual problem for a tree [Music] frog as the days pass the eggs develop in the safety of their foam Nest the temperature rises with the Summer sun and the foam ball dries to form a protective case the T Pooles inside
are still moist and 6° cooler but the little tap Pooles need rain at this time of year warm air is rising over the Steep honu mountains and clouds are starting to build the tree frogs have timed their nest building [Applause] perfectly after 20 days conditions are just right and the waiting is over the hard foam starts to dissolve and the tap poles drop out straight into the nursery pool of the rice Patty below [Music] they Feast on the remaining pieces of the nest a final meal before they take their chances in the big wide world
their mother has pulled off a remarkable feat of [Music] planning but most of the creatures come together for a very different reason to breed the giant cuttlefish the largest of all [Music] cuttlefish [Music] they live for just one or two years now as the Australian summer draws to an end they have one last act to complete to find a mate but there are over 100,000 males competing for the arriving females in this one Bay among them a giant a true Goliath he probably weighs about 10 kilos bands of color sweep across his skin that's how
cuttlefish communicate this smaller male couldn't possibly take him [Music] on beside Goliath and under his protection a female who has just mated with him but other Rivals are still interested it seems a small male wouldn't stand a chance the female is now displaying a white stripe along her side nearest Goliath it's a clear signal that she no longer wants to mate with him it's all the encouragement that the little male [Music] needs [Music] he's going to have to use [Music] trickery he tones down his colors and Tucks in his arms he's just the right size
to mimic a [Music] female Goliath is deceived the small male now displays a white stripe just like the real female to deter his advances he slips beside her and they [Music] Me by meting with multiple partners the female ensures the greatest genetic diversity for her young the sneaky male leaves his final Act [Music] complete so even among giant cuttlefish it seems it's not all about size in the underwater forests of Northern Japan the residents of this sunken wreck are waiting for the summer temperatures to reach 16° [Music] C that for some is the time for
[Music] mating a kind of giant Rass called a cobod die this is a male [Music] and in female terms he's particularly handsome he's a meter long and weighs 15 [Music] kilos much larger than the dimin [Music] female and he he is ready to breed he attempts to mate with her and with any of the other dozen or so females that live in his territory whenever he gets the [Music] chance but females from around 10 years old take little notice of his [Music] [Music] advances this is because when any large female reaches a critical body size
she can begin a dramatic transformation over just a few months particular enzymes inside her body cease to work and male hormones start to circulate as time passes her head expands and her chin gets longer a she has changed into a he and with this comes a change in temperament the old male who ruled all the females here is challenged to a face off the more bulbous the head the more it intimidates an [Music] opponent [Music] the territory has a new ruler only the largest females transform themselves in this way but the change enables them to
have more mates so they will have many more offspring carrying their [Music] jeans but a new male can't afford to be complacent inside the body of every cobod ey female there is a new mailin waiting the oceans around southern Asia are also feeling this pressure these Seas feed billions of people around the world for many fishermen here their catch is their only source of livelihood and there is one fish here that they prize above all others the whale Shar it swims slowly gently harvesting the Plankton it's almost 20 M long the largest fish in the
world they are also under threat like many shark species in Asia populations have declined by more than than half in recent [Music] years they are an easy and valuable catch But Here There is a respect for the Seas and their inhabitants whale shark hunting has now been banned across inesia Waters this whale shark plays a different part in the lives of these fishermen they feed him and the relationship seems to bring joy to both parties and with this new protection has come something truly remarkable whale sharks from far away are seeking out these fishermen and
in these safe Waters there is a chance for their number numbers to increase and maybe one day other shark species will be protected [Music] too the people here have made a simple but extraordinary Choice fishing in a way that is sustainable for themselves and the [Music] animals caring for wildlife is surely our shared responsibility across this vast continent and across the world it is decisions like these that are key to protecting the planet's most precious [Music] diversity the Great American deserts cover over 2 and2 million square kilometers here roasted by the Sun and blasted by
the wind the Rocks disintegrate and mountains particle by particle are reduced to sand these pillars are all that remain of a plateau where dinosaurs once roamed few animals can now survive here in summer as in all deserts the enemy is heat and it returns every [Music] day at 7 in the morning the temperature is already 25° C the clock is ticking for one unusual descendant of the dinosaurs [Music] a Road Runner found only in the deserts of North America built for a life on the ground he can run at over 30 km an hour but
the prey he seeks are one step [Music] ahead the road runner's challenge is picking the right [Music] target Aila monster too [Music] big by midm morning it will be 40° [Music] C even the smallest lizards will soon head for [Music] cover a centipede Slim vickings for the morning's work hunting should get easier and prey will stay out longer once the Summer's Peak begins to fade and wave power creates towering ing fortresses like these cliffs in the Arctic home to tens of thousands of breeding seabirds the faces of the cliffs are accessible only from the air
and have plenty of nooks and crannies for those that can get there but to feed seabirds must still Master the ocean World Beyond a puffin he's a fisherman and a father he has a mate for [Music] [Applause] life both share the burden of Ra Ching their weak old chick their puffling who needs five square meals a day the parents alternate fishing [Music] trips it's Dad's [Music] turn [Music] when fish stocks are low puffins must fly as much as 50 km out to sea to reach the good fishing [Music] grounds once there they plunge into another
world good fishing spots are hard to come by and they have company gilot like the Puffin their wings are short and good for diving puffins can hold their breath for over a minute and dive as deep as 40 m a catch but it's a long way home after an exhausting round trip of almost 100 km this puffins nearly made it but there are pirates on this Coast Arctic [Music] [Music] skewes all around returning parents are being [Music] robbed the skewers long rback Wings make them faster and more [Music] [Music] maneuverable puffins must choose their moment
wisely [Music] a near Miss the last desperate burst of speed and it's made [Music] it safely home after a 3-hour round [Music] trip where his patient partner is [Music] waiting [Applause] today their puffling will [Music] eat but where fish numbers are in Decline many puffins Now find it hard to get enough food for their chicks in the changing seeds of today it can be even harder to be a successful Puffin parent [Music] a kilometer from the surface beyond the reach of the Sun a giant black void larger than all the rest of the world's habitats
combined there's life here but not as we know it alien-like creatures produce dazzling displays of light nearly all animals need to attract mates and repel Predators this language of light is so widespread here that these signals are probably the commonest form of communication on the entire planet and yet we still know little about them [Music] [Music] Hunters illuminate themselves and by doing so attract inquisitive [Music] prey this is fang tooth it has the largest teeth for its size of any fish there are precious sensors all over its head and body which can detect anything moving
in the surrounding [Music] water it's the midnight zone own's most fucious fish but prey used light as a distraction a decoy of luminous ink down here in this Blackness creatures live beyond the normal rules of time siphonophores are virtually Eternal they repeatedly clone themselves some eventually growing longer than a blue whale down here it's snows continuous clouds of organic debris drift slowly down from [Music] Above This is food and a whole variety of filter feeders depend on it [Music] jellyfish and delicate sea cucumbers [Music] the 1% of marine snow they miss eventually settles on the
sea Flor [Music] over millions of years it forms a layer of mud up to a kilometer thick it's an empty plane that covers half the surface of our [Music] planet the Deep seab bed May at first appear lifeless but it's home to a unique cast of mud [Music] dwellers the sea toad it is an ambush Predator with an enormous mouth and infinite patience [Music] this fish has been living for so long here that its fins have changed into something more [Music] useful feet they help it shuffle about on the sea [Music] [Music] Flor the flapjack
octopus it hovers just above the surface of the mud as it delicately sifts through it searching for worms but it can jet away at the first sign of danger here there are other challenges St Andrews Bay on South Georgia is packed with half a million King [Music] Penguins in Spring the chicks are left for days whilst their parents are away collecting food for them there is a simple Arrangement the chicks must stay exactly where their parents left them to be sure of being found again [Music] but this chick has decided to look [Music] around there
is a lot to be investigated [Music] [Music] but it must not stray too far from its meeting place this parent has returned with food in its crop but it's chick isn't where it left it it's hard to stay put when there's so much to play [Music] with elepant seals are here [Music] too very [Music] [Music] mysterious [Music] finding it in the crowd of youngsters is not going to be easy they must recognize each other by their [Music] cause but to hear these in such a noisy Colony they must be within 15 reaches each [Music] [Music]
other [Music] reunited a mother black bear is looking for something suitable for her Cubs this is their first ever trip to the Sea [Music] side in a few hours the tide will return so they must keep up with [Music] Mom [Music] here's something tasty [Music] crabs beat crabs can give a nasty nip so it's best to start off with smaller ones during spring 3/4 of the Bear's food comes from the [Music] beach [Music] [Music] but now this family is not alone an adult male he's double her size and they're in his [Music] territory the Cubs
know that call it's time to head for safety Bears have poor eyesight but their sense of smell is acute and the male has detected intruders [Music] he knows exactly which tree they are in if the clubs stay up there they'll be safe but they're losing precious feeding time for now he's content to leave his scent mark a warning note for trespassers the family moves on for the Cubs lunch today will have to be a takeaway the tide comes in and within minutes feeding time is over for another day the Kalahari Desert here food is more
plentiful but it's hidden a [Music] Pangolin she can collect food that others can't reach a keen sense of smell enables her to detect the presence of ants and termites in their nests beneath the sand [Music] her sticky tongue some 30 cm long enables her to collect them from deep underground and she's being carefully watched the drier it gets the deeper the termites live many are way beyond the reach of even a panin but not of an [Music] artwalk it's the world's largest borrowing [Music] animal its sense of smell is extremely [Music] acute shovel-like Claws and
Powerful legs enable it to dig down to depths of 5 or 6 m a full grown arvok needs to eat about 50,000 termites every [Music] day termites are highly nutritious and full of moisture and they can be collected here year round arvar are usually nocturnal but the fact that this one is foraging in daylight is a sign that food is scarce recent droughts in the Kalahari have led to low termite numbers and as a consequence arars here are close to Salvation changes in the world's climate are affecting many of Africa's animals it's predicted that in
the next Century southern Africa will warm twice as much as the global [Music] average the future will be Bleak for those that cannot adapt fast enough termites an important source of [Music] protein but perhaps they are an acquired taste he's off to search for something he might prefer it's hard to know where to [Music] look or where it's safe to clamber [Music] different levels in the forest contain different foods and some of the most delicious are in the very highest parts of the canopy 50 m above the ground he's a couple of years old and
he's already getting adventurous his mother could climb right to the top in 10 minutes or so if she wanted to but she lingers to keep an eye on [Music] him a fall from this height could be fatal [Music] where the gaps between the branches are too wide for him his mother lets him use her body as a [Music] [Applause] [Music] bridge [Music] only 10 m to go before the [Music] top but it's hard going for small [Music] hands had enough time for the rest with [Music] mother and this is his reward ripe mangoes sweet and
[Music] juicy there's so much he must [Music] learn he will depend entirely on his mother until he's [Music] seven it's the longest of all childhoods except [Music] ours in the Gulf of Mexico these eruptions also release a super salty liquid [Music] Bri it's heavier than sea waterer and it accumulates in great pools on the seaf floor it's difficult to make sense of the site a lake of concentrated salt water 15 M deep at the bottom of the [Applause] sea around its margin perhaps even more strangely there is a profusion of life giant muscles that can
live and grow for a century or more pack tightly together dwarfing the shrimps and squat lobsters that feed around them Cutthroat eels scavengers come to the shores of the Brian Lake in search of something edible some even Venture into the brine [Music] spending too long in it can send an eel into toxic [Music] shock it only hope is to rise above [Music] [Applause] it it manages to escape others are not so lucky the brine inals their bodies and the casualties of decades accumulate around the margins here on the coast of Peru there are so many
seabirds fishing in the offshore Waters that the cliffs are covered in droppings over a meter thick humble Penguins regard the soft guano as a good material in which to dig their nest holes but it's a messy business it's the breeding season and more hopeful nesters arrive spotless from swimming in the sea time for the residents to get cleaned up and catch some fish for themselves and their chicks to get to the Sea they cross the remains of an old nesting ground [Music] only 100 m to [Music] go but the beach is already crowded with SE
Els they too have come a sure to raise their young and they don't like being [Music] disturbed to get through such a Minefield needs a bold and courageous leader a brave start a dead end now he's in trouble this is going to need a bit of crowd [Applause] [Music] [Applause] surfing but now all the seaons aroused getting through them will be [Applause] [Music] [Music] tricky a cleansing bathe in the ocean well worth the effort Forest once covered 80% of [Music] Europe now only half of it [Music] remains [Music] a brown bear one of only 1500
that are left in finland's forests her Cubs have recently emerged from their Nursery [Music] 10 the long summer days means there's plenty of time for [Music] play [Music] [Applause] with two boisterous cups it pays to rest whenever you [Applause] can but their mother must be on her guard the Cubs have spotted something a large male looking for a mate the Cubs aren't his so he might try to kill [Music] them their cubs are excellent climbers and now they're beyond his reach 15 M [Music] up their mother warns him to keep his distance but the Cubs
are coming down too soon she can't take any [Music] [Music] chances that was a close call finland's forests give us a glimpse of what Europe was once like a land of endless Wilderness where large animals roamed far and wide [Applause] she needs to put food in the mouths of her two young cubs there's a bitter winter coming and if they're not well fed her cub won't make it through this is a hard place to be a mum the family is not alone this peninsula is home to 200 brown [Music] bears it's one of the most
densely packed populations in the world ah ah the salmon Bonanza has attracted others here [Music] too nobody lives permanently in this remote part of Hokkaido but one Hardy group have special special permission to stay here for some of the [Music] Year Hokkaido is Japan's second largest island but the harsh conditions mean it's home to only 4% of its people shiroko is one of the loneliest Corners where you have to live close to the wild brown bears can weigh 300 kilos and are not to be messed with when bears and humans cross paths things can get
[Music] dangerous but here something astonishing has happened for the fisherman Bears have become a part of everyday life it takes some nerve but the men live alongside them as [Music] equals tough characters side by side both dependent on the summon run the mother bear knows what she's doing Survivor is in her blood her ancestors came to Hokkaido from Siberia and they walked here 12,000 years ago Hokkaido was joined to the Russian Mainland Siberian animals colonized it before the sea levels Rose turning hokido into an island it's why the wildlife here is so different from the
rest of Japan and so well equipped to face the coming winter it's when animals leave the forest edge and move into Farmland that the relationship with humans becomes less benevolent the maaps of the lower Forest are as bold as their Mountain cousins and often venture out in search of New Opportunities there are all sorts of perils but there are rewards too if you're willing to take some [Applause] risks for over a 100 years people have been growing the finest fruit and vegetables on these warm rich soil oils for these cheeky thieves it's irresistible growing perfect
produce is a Japanese Obsession so the last thing people want is marauding [Music] maacs as the day heats up the farmers take a break the coast is [Music] clear they have to be cautious if they're spotted they'll be [Music] trouble but every day they Brave the electric fences they know all the weak spots where they can stage their [Music] raids and they Gorge themselves on the fruit of the farmer's [Music] labors [Music] they are almost impossible to stop but the farmers are not prepared to give in they bring out their secret weapon specially trained monkey
[Music] dogs [Music] the Japanese Sheba enu is one of the world's oldest breeds and people have trained them to protect their crops against monkeys there's even a Japanese saying that when people are fighting they're like a dog and a monkey but the rewards outweigh the risks they'll be be back again [Music] tomorrow it's only the warmth of the kishio current that allows Coral to grow this far north in the Pacific [Music] Ocean the current also brings nutrients from the [Music] deep there's one very small resident who never Strays far from The Reef he's a blue
stream cleaner us and he leads a very busy life he eats parasites and dead skin from other fish but he has to wait for them to come his [Music] way and right now no one is stopping long enough to give him as much as a nibble [Music] but then he spots something worth [Music] chasing a [Music] batfish like a customer at a spa the batfish lies back and waits for a tension it opens its gills and the cleaner Rass bustles in to begin the [Music] treatment the batfish even changes color probably to make parasites more
[Music] visible someone else has arrived at The Reef the batfish is abandoned there's a visitor from the open ocean that's worth dropping everything for a manta ray 2 m long has come back to a favorite stretch of reef [Music] he signals to the manter by flicking his tail and the giant responds by unfurling itself for cleaning the Manta keeps its feeding loes rolled up while it [Music] swims but a thorough clean keeps them parasite [Music] free this enormous fish would never visit Japan if it wasn't for the warmth that bathes the island chain and the
helpful Services of this resourceful little Ras
