[EV.G] Transformação Orientada por Dados em Governos - Rumo a um governo orientado por dados

[Music] welcome to this lecture series about datadriven transformational government transformational government is a very hot topic because governments all over the world wants to transform themselves they have a vision we want to do it better but we often don't know what we're heading for this is the first lecture and in this lecture I will talk about the general overview and some of the components of transformational government my name is Maron I'm a full professor in is and governance at to Del Del University of Technology in the Netherlands when we look what's happening it's very simple

data is everywhere we have many sensors we have many ways to collect data and we storing those datas and we storing data about everything think about smart cities you're walking somewhere and there's a camera there's sensors you're in traffic gem people know where's a traffic jam all kind of data is stored but also when you interact with the government you also store data and they use store data from various databases and more and more data becomes available and it's gold min we can use it for all kinds of purposes but there's always a risk with

a gold mine that we use it for the wrong purposes that's why we should really do it with care and it's not only the government it's also private organizations citizen generated data we have data everywhere and in fact every organization and every entity has some data and together they form a puzzle and we have to puzzle a littleit bit because we have to get the data from the citizens citizens might collect some data about the pollutions for example we might gather some data from the industry from companies because they know some uh other elements and

the government of course has also data and we try to combine those kind of data together and together we can have a better data driven uh way and this requires collaboration and that's called often data collaborative in a data collaborative public and private organizations but also citizens they work together to make a better Society to contribute to the world and when we want to contribute we also need to have a vision and the vision is that public and private values are combined what are public values public values are societal values related to privacy transparency accountability

and all kind of values that we expect from the government private values are related to companies and companies are for profit of course they have other things they have customer orientation they want to have it in an efficient way and we need to combine those public and private values together so at the end we have a whole network of situations uh with that but values also differ values differ among cultures among countries but also female and male have might have different values different uh um segments in society might have different values and we should take

them into account we should have an inclusion and we should ensure not that some parts or some segments are excluded but we should have a ro of government with that and this requires in one way to combine public and private values together when we talk about transformational government we first want to have a kind of one Stop Shop and that might right strange because we're talking already for decades about the One-Stop shop for government but what is really a One-Stop shop well if you are a citizen you don't want to go to one Ministry or

to a municipality or to a te tax office what you want is to have one single entrance and that single entrance provides where you can ask all the questions about the government and for that we need a kind of jat Bots as a technology because chatbots you can ask a question how can I get Social Security how can I provide my text information and those kind of things and the chat Bots can then answer your question and that becomes very important those kind of uh uh things and using those kind of Technology we can create

a hall of government and a hall of government is that instead of the fragmentations because we have hundreds of government organizations we have a single entrance and we can ask questions and if they don't know the answer to the questions they can search for the answers and that requires some level of automation but also humans because humans might also to answer the more difficult uh questions why do we do it online because often people don't like voice interactions they prefer to type their questions and then have an answer then ask another questions related to it

and then see also the overview of it but don't forget about it I'm mentioned before inclusion is a very important value also here inclusion plays a role because people use chatbots in different ways and different people use different ways of it and the AI the chatbots should account for those differences and that's not easy when we adding more technology to it like the chatbots we think about implications and when you think about the implications of technology and for transforming the government you have to consider the duality of it because the technology provides a lot of

opportunities New Opportunities new ways of doing but at the same time there might be some risk or even negative effects and chat BS might be misused you might to talk to them ask the wrong questions or when you're asking questions the questions might be stored and then used against the Citizens at the later States you want to avoid those kind of possibilities you want ensure that you think in terms of opportunities but avoid that some of the negative aspects will be um avoided there are several things that I have to tell about it often we

think that collecting uh more and more data will result in more transparency but think about it if you have more data you have piles of data you not able to find the answer anymore so don't think in terms of more data for creating transparency but less data might result in transparency because transparency is about having an answer to the question you ask for so transparency requires maybe less data instead of more data the same thing with accountability if we increase the complexity we have more and more systems for answering what we're doing it might decrease

accountability because at the end the complexity is so high there a lot of interdependencies a lot of uncertainties and we don't have any accountability anymore more because we can't say who's responsible any for think about the chat Bots if you introduce them who is responsible for answer the question the one operating the chat box or when a government agency is behind it and need to provide a certain service will that government uh agency be responsible for it accountability will be more complicated by those kind of things then we have a tendency to collect more personal

data and when we have to collect more personal data we might have more person IED experience we might be able better to answer questions but it comes also at a risk and the risk is that the personal data can be misused we want to try to avoid it that's why privacy regulations often ask for data minimalization of uh uh sensitive uh data personal uh data the more data we have the more the risk are of unauthorized use and you don't want that you don't want to store some data about politicians and then everybody looks at

what data is stored about that politician uh in the databases that's the worst thing what happen you want to ensure that only the information can be accessed by those who need it under certain circumstances so you can imagine that medical data will not be shared unless there's an accident because that you need the data and you want to ensure that the infrastructure is able to do it we have a lot of human judgment ments tax inspectors Medicals people they all make judgments and there's a problem with judgments because when you look at it you might

arrive at different outcomes because a judge might make a certain um out outcome and a certain decision but another judge might make another decision and which the correct one well that's often called noise there might be errors uh in it and different people make different judgments and that results also in data that might be fair a lot of contain a lot of noise and variety if you use that data for making decisions in automated way using all kinds of Technology you will run into problems because there's already bias and noise in that kind of data

so you want to avoid it then finally if you combine a lot of data together it might result into non-compliance because the more data you have the more complex it is you don't know if you're allowed to combine it and you can create all kinds of interdependencies and it might show all kinds of patterns in it that doesn't make any sense of it be careful about too much data from the other hand we need the data so we have to think about if we want to transform and end up with a data driven decision making

which data is relevant when do we need it and under which circumstances we need it so what is transformation well we already talked about transformation for a long time already in 2006 the UK government was talking about transformation and of course there were Transformations but we still talk about it and why because we can do other things right now and when you really think what's a transformation when you have a vehicle fooled by gas or a vehicle fooled by electric power is there a difference there's no transformation over there because it's still vehicle but for

some for the infrastructure there might be a transformation because you need to power them in a different ways and the gas stations might fenace or change the way they have so they need to transer transform so transformation is dependent on the view of it what is really transformation about it think about it we all know it Transformers when you change it's from one element a puppet into one other element like a star ship that's transformation you do things in a radical different ways you change your structures you new use new digital technology to do things

in really a different ways and transformation happens at all levels and that makes it also different what is important to have a vision on transformation how it will look like what will the situation from now in 10 years from time that's the vision and you want to be heading for that but you do do it in incremental steps not in you big steps you can't do it because it needs some time and you need to have the components in place before you can do it so the characteristics of transformation well it's about radical and structural

change it's also about the culture because also the culture needs to be adopt and you focus on the citizens like to introducing of the chat Bots for a One-Stop shop you have to transform business processes administrative process but also organization structures might be different you have your complete infrastructure ready for it you share things on top of it but also participation might be important because what's your vision on transformation you have to discuss it with the people what do they expect from it we do it in a different way and also public and private organizations

and citizens are involved in it and at the end it requires a lot of training and practice we have many transformation uh Visions on what it can one of those Visions is the invisible government what is the invisible government we can't see the government anymore instead of that we ask for services the services already provided to us without citizens having to go to the government we can have a wall of government approach versus a fragmented approach what's the RO of government approach that the government functions as a wall so you don't go to each single

government organization but they act as a wall that's why I talked about the chatbots before we have the open government Vision the accountable and transparent government that's open we can look inside the box and what's happening we have the seamless government the government can change exchange all kind of information and operates in a seamless manner we have to proactive government we have proactive Services we right already provide the services before you ask for it like some companies already say we can predict what your needs are before you actually want are looking for it and buy

it with that and we have the cision of the government and not in control of the data anymore but giving the data back to the citizens and the citizens are in control of the data so they don't need to find out the government structure anymore but they provide pieces of the data when needed to both public and private organizations so there are a couple of uh uh transformational government visions and all we need to take into account and it's a moving Target it will evolve it we get better insight into uh it another aspect that's

important in decision making can be done more and more by the public because they get more information they are better informed and they can also make the decisions a part of it for all this we need new capabilities and the government needs capabilities but also compan companies and citizens they need to be educated to make use of it and it's way often called Dynamic capabilities because the capabilities change over time but think about the government you have small organization big organizations have different purposes for that so those organizations also need different capabilities we have to

think about those different capabilities you can't expect from a small municipality that they will do the same thing as a large municipality because they have different resources different capabilities at the end so you should ensure that all are able to do the same thing and therefore also an infrastructure is very important but also ensure that we do things together sharing of services when I may summarize this uh first lecture well we can draw have a couple of conclusions first of all when you think about transformation it's a vision and it's a moving Target develop vision

and regularly updated very important try to dream how does the transformed government look at then think about the jet Bots they can offer a One-Stop shop but not for everybody people are different they want to have different type of jet Bots different ways of interaction when we think about the new technology there's always dual Duality we can use it for the good we can use it for the bad and we have to balance them we have to ensure that at the end we contribute to the public values and we do the take the opportunities and

we don't have the negative effects from it but that Rec careful engineering there are a lot of data sources government has data sources also companies have data sources citizen generated data also exist we need to combine it all and only then we can get the insight and that requires collaborations and data collaboratives between all kind of agencies to have more more insight and arrive at better decision making but be careful because more data might re result into a very complex landscape and we need to simplify the landscape more data might not result in more insight

in datadriven decision making that is better for it and the opposite that more data might result into an information overload we can't find the real data anymore and we don't focus on what matters and we should focus on what matters we have public and private values and they get intered for it because when we want to collaborate together with the private and public sector we can't say from the private sector is doing that public sector is doing that but we have to understand it we have to accept it your tax information can be used by

Banks from the private sector and the other way around the tax organization can use the data from the banks so that's a fluid that's seamless government over there and we have to exchange those type of data but we have to understand what we really want and what type of values public values we should offer and what we should really keep because there's always a risk that the data of the Transformations will be used for the bad thing finally I want to stress that inclusion is very important different groups should be uh included and they want

to be treated in different ways have different uh preferences they have different ways of uh interactions and we have to take that into account there's no one size fits all approach we have to look at the differences thank you very much for your attention