VII Combat and Armored Simulation Extension Course Speakers: Maj. Gen. Alexandre Pfaender, Maj.
Gen. R1 Lajoia Gentlemen, I am Brigadier General Pfaender, Head of the Land Force Preparation. Our goal today is to present combat simulation as a tool for preparing the Land Force.
Our goal today is to present combat simulation as a tool for preparing the Land Force. For this, I will follow this summary, where I will present the mission of the Land Operations Command, its structure, a short film that summarizes the mission of our COTERRA and talk a little about the Land Military Operational System, our CISONT. The mission of the Land Operations Command is to guide and coordinate the preparation and employment of the Land Force, in accordance with the policies and strategies of the Brazilian Army.
The structure of the COTER is integrated by a four-star commander, now General Novais, a sub-commander, General Miranda Filho, and four chiefs. The chief of the preparation, which I am the chief, the chief of employment, which is the general of fruitful division, the chief of peace mission, aviation and general inspection of the military police, which is General Rabelo, and the center of doctrine of the Army, which is General Fabiano. From now on, I will present a video that summarizes the activities of our Land Operations Command.
The Land Operations Command (COTER), an operational management body directly subordinated to the Army Commander, aims to guide and coordinate the preparation and employment of the Land Force, as well as to develop and maintain up-to-date military-terrestrial doctrine at a tactical level, in accordance with the strategic guidelines of the Army Commander and the Army General Staff. The Land Operations Command (COTER), an operational management body directly subordinated to the Army Commander, aims to guide and coordinate the preparation and employment of the Land Force, to evaluate the military instruction and the operational capacity of the Land Force, to guide and monitor the exercises of mobilization, territorial defense and logistical support. To guide and coordinate the preparation of the troop intended for the fulfillment of peace missions abroad.
To appreciate and coordinate the operational plans elaborated by the daily military commands. To coordinate the activities of the competence and the interest of the Army in relation to the military police and the military firefighters. To manage the operational information.
To act as a general coordination body for the systematic monitoring of doctrinal and learned lessons. And to act as a central body of the following systems. Army Aviation System.
Army Aircraft Accident Prevention and Investigation System. Land Force Command and Control System. Land Operations Information System.
Army Psychological Operations System. Army Combat Simulation System. Brazilian Army Simulation System.
Land Force Preparation System. Integrated Border Monitoring System. Integrated System for the Protection of Terrestrial Strategic Structures.
Chemical, Radiological, Biological and Nuclear Defense System. Doctrinal Monitoring System and Learned Lessons. CAB-ELCOTER.
Coordinate the employment of the Earth Force in civil defense actions. Participate in singular and joint operations. Manage the integrated system of combat simulation of the Brazilian Army through tactical exercises with the support of live, virtual and constructive simulation systems.
The Command, Sub-Command, Cabinet, three headquarters. Headquarters of Preparation, Headquarters of Employment, Headquarters of Peace Mission, Aviation and IGPM and the Army Doctrine Center. The Headquarters of Land Force Preparation is responsible for the orientation and coordination of operational preparation and management of CISPREPARO.
The Headquarters of Land Force Employment is responsible for coordinating information operations in the field of the Land Force, coordinating the employment of the Brazilian Army troops in operations carried out in national territory for the defense of the homeland, guarantee of constitutional powers, guarantee of law and order in close connection with the daily military commands and other organs of sectoral direction of the Force. It is also responsible for coordinating and controlling the employment of troops in subsidiary operations in support of civil defense and guarantee of voting and approval in elections. The Headquarters of Peace Mission, Aviation and IGPM is in charge of the connection with the military police and military firefighters, the Army Aviation and Peace Missions where there is a Brazilian involved.
The Army Doctrine Center, which has as mission to manage the military-terrestrial doctrine at the tactical level and the system of learned lessons. In all its activities, the Headquarters prepares and makes the Land Force recognized nationally and internationally as an excellent troop, respected for the competence with which it fulfills its missions in any situation. Its success certainly represents the operational efficiency and excellence in the fulfillment of the end activity of our Army.
Command of Terrestrial Operations. The terrestrial victory begins here. As for the terrestrial military operational system, our SISOMT is integrated by several systems, starting with the terrestrial military doctrine system, which guides both the preparation and the employment of the Land Force.
The SISOMT, which is the employment system, guides the Land Force in its constitutional missions, whether they are operations of war or operations of non-war. In addition, it feeds the preparation system, presenting the requirements for the capacities of generation of force. And the preparation system, in turn, is supported by three systems.
The Military Instruction System of the Brazilian Army, which guides all military instruction. The SSFT, which is the system that guides the simulators of the Land Force. And our readiness system, the CISPROM.
The operational readiness system of the Land Force has three main products, which are the readiness forces, the forces ready for use in peace operations, and it has to be able to assemble an expeditionary force. As for the CISPROM system, we are integrated by ten large units of readiness forces, ten specialized forces of strategic employment and five support modules. Now General Lajoia will present the Land Force simulation system.
Initially, I would like to greet all participants of this seventh extension course in the initiation of the simulation of armored combat. I am the reserve general of the Army, Lajoia I am hired and currently I am in the role of simulation manager of the Earth Force. I appreciate this opportunity to be here, being able to transmit a little of our system to all gentlemen and ladies who are participating in our course.
We will address our subject matter from number 3, the Land Force simulation system, the SSFTER. And we will continue through the Destruction and Destruction Centers and we will finish with a conclusion. What is the Land Force simulation system, the SSFTER?
It is a system that includes human resources, installations, applications and simulation equipment, employed in destruction, training, destruction, military training and in support of decision-making. It is an obvious definition, but we see that when we talk about a set of human resources, we refer to those specialized human resources that will transmit, direct and coordinate the simulation activities. The installations are that physical part, the physical structures.
The applications are those inputs that go into the simulation equipment and that serve to emulate the various situations. They are also employed in all phases of military training. What is it?
Training, basic training, instruction, teaching and in support of decision-making. Down here we can see, this is a constructive simulation that we will address later. Here we see some soldiers around a topographic map.
There is also a virtual simulation of fire support. Down here we have a reduced shelf. A simulation supported by virtual reality glasses.
And later on, a virtual simulation, a live simulation. So, the Land Force simulation system is intended for what? To hear the means, both personal and material means, installations, as we have already said.
For training based on technologies applied in simulated environments. So, when we talk about technology, it is not only that artisanal means, it involves a little more. It adds a little more knowledge to the simulation, let's say that.
In simulated environments, providing the soldiers with individual training and the collective of their tasks. As close to reality as possible. And the decision-making, operational and organizational steps.
It is a support system for the Land Force training system. Down here we can also see some figures. This is a project that we are coordinating here.
The adoption of a light weapons fire simulator, the laser, virtual. And later on, in the middle, we have a mobile target of a combat car shooting range. And next, we have the training system of the Remax machine gun of the Guarani vehicles.
It is an automated machine gun station. With a fully stabilized shot, elevation, direction, distance calculations, laser emissions and everything else. Let's take a look at the three pillars of the simulation system.
Of any simulation system. Fidelity to positive training. What is that?
The training has to be quite realistic. It cannot be a little bit out of that reality. So that we have that absorption of the behaviors, of those really correct behaviors.
Let's take an example. A combat car shooting simulator. This emulated shot has to suffer the influence of gravity.
So this ammunition will have a certain arc. So that the shooter learns to correct the distance. Because the distance will involve precisely the speed.
It will involve the trajectory of the target. So if the training does not reflect these characteristics of the ammunition trajectory. We will have a negative training.
I mean, the shooter will do everything he trained and will miss the target. The adequacy of the tool. What is that?
If I have, for example, a training focused on maneuvering. What is maneuvering? It is precisely the movement of the staff, the movement of the materials, the movement of the equipment on the battlefield.
That has a very simple emulation of a combat car. Of the functions of a combat car. It is not a specialized training.
I will really exercise some aspects of the observation of the battlefield. Of the conduct of the shooter. But it is not a technical training.
For me to really train the combat car shooter. I need a combat car simulator. And what else?
Simulation of the interactions. As much as the simulator tries to emulate all aspects of the equipment, of the armament of a car. It will always need an instructor on the outside watching to check if it is necessary to make some correction.
So that we do not have a negative training. So the simulation does not replace the real equipment. Continuing with the SSFT, the Land Force Simulation System.
We have here exemplified the human resources, the installations, the applications and the simulation equipment. These are the four figures. For what?
For training, for training, for instruction, military training and decision-making support. As we said before. So continuing.
The military simulation is the reproduction according to predetermined rules. What do we mean by that? There is always some interface between my execution, the command that I will give and the tool that I am using.
Of specific aspects. I can hardly emulate all aspects of the battlefield, all aspects of a combat situation in the simulator. So, it is reproduction according to predetermined rules of specific aspects of a military activity or the operation of military training equipment.
Employing a set of equipment, software and structures. We are emphasizing this well because it is essential that we have technological support for simulation. Continuing.
This is also very important. Why use the combat simulation? We have these six characteristics here, or these six benefits, which are quite exemplary of the advantages of the combat simulation.
The first aspect that we highlight is the repetition. I can repeat, repeat, repeat a certain shot, for example, without spending any ammunition. This means that I have a fairly large cost reduction.
And when I increase the caliber of the armaments, the reduction is even greater. So, I can repeat indefinitely. This repetition will generate efficiency.
What is efficiency? It will be a skill in the use of military equipment or military armament. And this efficiency will cause efficiency.
What is efficiency? I know how to use the equipment and I use this equipment and I get all those desired effects. Then I have efficiency.
The fourth aspect that we highlight is the part of risk reduction / personal safety. So here we have the figure, there on the top right, of an armored vehicle, personal transport, which overturned, went down the ravine, I don't know exactly what it was, which may have caused the accident. The driver may have been injured, the guard may have been injured.
So, when I use the driver's procedure simulator to teach this driver, I am giving him more driving hours, more safety and more pre-capacity, so that when he enters this vehicle, he is already familiarized with the behaviors, with the commands and with the reactions that he will eventually have to take. Also, another aspect that we have to highlight are the benefits for the environment. Every time I fire, for example, a combat vehicle shot using a degraded uranium ammunition, as much as this uranium is degraded, it transmits a certain amount of radioactivity.
So, if I do the simulation of this shot, instead of actually shooting, I am preserving the environment. And this may be one of the most important aspects of this science, which is the emulation of environments, situations and operations that otherwise would be impossible to occur. For example, I am going to do a artillery barrage in a certain field.
What is an artillery barrage? It is a situation in which I launch a very large amount of artillery shots, of artillery shells, on the ground. Normally, I can only do this in a simulator, because it is a very large amount of shots, it is a very high cost and this will affect my budget.
Another situation, let's give an example here, is the entry of an anti-terrorism team in a certain closed enclosure. So, in this training, I do it with some laser receivers, I do it with some laser emitters, and when I enter, I have friendly targets and enemy targets, and this team will have to have the discernment of which target it should shoot or not. So, I can't do this in a real way, because I'm going to get in there and I'm going to kill people.
So, what do I use? The simulator. Well, all these six characteristics will generate what?
The readiness of the troop. What is readiness of the troop? The troop is trained, it is trained.
What is trained? It is precisely joint training. It will have joint training to act effectively as a team, and in conditions of leaving, of moving, of moving from one corner of Brazil to another at any time.
This is readiness. The characteristic is to be able to do any terrestrial operation. Well, continuing with our presentation, we have to address the three modalities of simulation, which are the live simulation, the virtual and the constructive.
This classification has to do with the person, the instrument and the effect that I am printing in my simulation. So, in my live simulation, I have the involvement of real people operating real systems, which can be weapons, vehicles, equipment, in the real world. So, we can see in that little figure there, which are those two soldiers in the woods, they are really soldiers, real people, with real systems, a real weapon.
However, the effect of the shot of that weapon will be a simulated effect by means of a laser. And on the top right, we have a combat vehicle that also has this live simulation. The shot of the combat vehicle will be a laser beam emitted to a certain laser receiver.
And in the virtual simulation, we have the involvement of real people operating simulated systems, or generated by a computer. So, I have a person and I have a simulacrum of a weapon. In this case, in the first figure that we have in the middle, on the left, we have a simulator of driver procedures.
So, that soldier there is learning to drive either a combat vehicle or an armored vehicle. He is learning how to make commands, to react, to interact precisely with the environment. And further to the right, in the middle, we have a simulator of light weapons.
We have a soldier with a real rifle, emitting, I mean, with a rifle that is simulated, emitting the shot on a screen that designs several targets. So, the effect is simulated too. And we are in the construction simulation.
What happens? This construction simulation is aimed at the highest stages of the troops, from companies, which are about 200 men, even pilots, 30 men, companies, 300 men, 200, 300 men, battalion, 800 men, brigades, 3,000 men, this is important. So, I have large troops that it becomes difficult to put on the ground.
I do it on top of a topographic map, I do the construction simulation. What is a topographic map? It is nothing more than a representation of the terrain, it is like a map, but it is a representation of the terrain, quite technical, that I have the level curves, that associate distances, elevation, altitudes and representations of forests, vegetation, etc.
I do all the planning on top of the topographic map, which is a 3D representation. So, continuing here, reinforcing our concepts, the live simulation is focused on practice. I have the man on the ground, really.
I have the equipment on the ground, really. This is the effect that is simulated. The virtual simulation is very much focused on technical and tactical refinement, focused mainly on weapons and aircraft systems.
So, here, for example, on the left, I have a virtual simulation, which is called VBS-3, which we will address later. Here I have the elements, unfolded terrain. These elements are usually a platoon, they form a platoon of about 30 men.
And I am inside the terrain, I have a representation inside the terrain. I am like an avatar in this terrain, which we will address later. And there, on the right, in the middle, on the screen, we have the chief.
The chief is a simulator of the Army version, which is a cabin on top of a hydraulic platform, which simulates some helicopter movements. And in there, we have him instructing, practicing helicopter commands. And down here, we have the construction simulation, which we have mentioned.
In this case, it is a war game, a division of the Army. About 11,000 men, fighting against about 3,000 men. So, I do the planning, I do all the drawing of what will happen on the topographic map.
In this case, this topographic map, which is represented here on the left, was transformed into a 3D terrain, but precisely with the precise coordinates, geographic coordinates, Cartesian coordinates, associated with this 3D representation, as well as the elevation part. So, here, I train those maneuvers called strategic. Why?
Because all the movement, all the displacement, all the clashes that will occur in a certain combat situation, they have to be planned at a higher level. Because it is no use having a very effective tactical performance, if I am, for example, attacking in the wrong direction. So, all of this has to be conjugated on top of a greater benefit, as if it were a football team.
There is a coach who will lead, it is not enough for the player to play well, he has to be with the team, in the team's maneuver. So, here on the left is the figure of the planning, of the commanders, and on the right are the controllers, those soldiers who are in front of the computer screens, placing the troops' representations as directed by the planners, placing them on the virtual ground. Continuing our explanation about the simulation modalities, we will detail a little more about the live simulation.
In the live simulation, the tool that we use in the Brazilian Army is the tactical engagement simulation device. Today, it is provided by Saab, which is a Swedish-based company. Here on the left, at the top, we have the computer, or the Notebook Gamer 300, through which I control my entire simulation.
I see where those elements are on the ground, I see where I will place a minefield, where a artillery barrage will occur. Here, on the top right, I have the representation of the terrain on the Gamer 300 screen. So, in this representation of the terrain, I see some red dots.
These red dots are where I planned that some artillery concentrations will occur, some artillery shots. What will happen when I have an instrument passing through this area, if this instrument has a laser receiver vest and a laser receiver helmet, when it passes through, I will trigger this artillery fire and it will suffer some damage. It will die, or it will be injured, of course, or it will be wounded.
And here on the right, I have all my exercise programming that I do on the computer screen, the Gamer 300. Here I have an artillery barrage area, here I have a minefield, and here I have other events. In this artillery shot here, red, yellow, blue, what does it mean?
The moment I trigger this artillery barrage, if there is a fighter with a laser sensor here, he will be considered dead in this red area. In the yellow area, he will have a percentage of death, or a probability of being dead, or a probability of being injured. And in the blue area, it is a safety area.
In this green area here, for example, it can be a minefield. Whenever a soldier is sensorized, he will suffer some damage or not, depending on the location and also depending on the randomness that will be in the notebook. Here we have the simulation control equipment, which are precisely the radio transmitters, here the transmitters, and also the wiring.
And here we have the soldier equipped with his helmet, dressed with laser sensors, and the vests, laser sensors too. I point my weapon with a laser emitter to this citizen, if I have my aim correct, he will be hit, he will be killed, or he will be injured, depending on the randomness of the system. Here we have grenades, which also emit an electromagnetic impulse, which will sensorize the soldier who is also sensorized.
And here is also precisely the emitter. The emitter, here is a sensor that will be attached to a combat vehicle. Here is also an emitter, this one is also another emitter, which will be attached precisely to the tubes of the combat vehicles.
Here we have the Karl Gustav cannon, which is an 84 mm cannon, I also have the simulator for it, and the AT-4, which is a launcher of rojões, grenades, 81 mm. I also have the simulators, I have emitters for us to do the live simulation with this equipment. In the virtual simulation, the main tool that we have is VBS-3.
VBS-3 is a software of the company Bohemia, it is a world-renowned company, it is world-renowned as the best manufacturer of this part of VBS-3, if not the best of the best. This system was acquired in 2017 and implemented in 2018. We have in the COTER, in the Black Needles Academy, in the East Training Center, in the South Training Center and in the CEMBLIND.
So how does it work? In this VBS-3 system, I present a troop in the field. Here, for example, there is a fighter, and what happens?
The operator is an avatar within this scene, so this avatar should be more or less here like this, because he is seeing his partner from the side, so he is participating in the simulation. And the same thing here, here I have some combat vehicles, some armored vehicles, there is a city further down, and probably, in the case of the VBS-3 simulation, I am here, I am operating a combat vehicle. So, let's remember, the operator is real in a weapon that is simulated, and the effect is simulated.
I participate within the scene that is being designed, and I will be able to make fire, I will be able to receive fire, etc. And I will also command, if that's the case. And here, that's exactly how it happens.
Here, let's see, I can have a combat vehicle garrison here. This one must be the shooter, this one must be the commander, and later the driver. Of course, this one is not that specialized training.
These three here, the functions that they can operate, that they can reproduce, are basic functions of a combat vehicle, and they are interacting precisely in this scenario. And here is the map, it is the maneuver that they did. They planned to follow this maneuver, right?
And the result of this maneuver is precisely the projection of the terrain, or of the terrain in which they are operating. The construction simulation. The construction simulation, the program used by the Brazilian Army, is a French software called SWORD.
In fact, it is based on this software. It is a recognized software. It is used by the Army produced in France, used by the French Army and by the MASA group.
In 2013, we acquired this software, plus the database, and this software was customized by the Brazilian Army. What is customized? We put our equipment, we put the artificial intelligence that exists in this software, our techniques, our tactics, our strategies, so that we could really simulate the execution of maneuvers.
And this contract provides for a constant maintenance and evolution, as has been occurring there. This evolution, how is this evolution? For example, nowadays we have convergence operations, where we are able to synchronize artillery fire, aviation, electromagnetic waves, cyber attacks, those attacks on critical infrastructures.
We put everything together and we were also able to simulate this combat software. In 2013, there were 700 trained soldiers. When we talk about 700 soldiers, we only count those great commandos, those soldiers who are in those more privileged functions, in the planning functions, be it fire planning, be it communication planning, maneuver planning, ok?
We are counting the soldiers there. Why? As we said, this here aims for that greater maneuver, that strategic maneuver, that maneuver that we will be able to reconcile the will and the actions on smaller scales.
Here we have the map of the terrain where the planning was done, this planning is transported to the computer by these controllers who receive the orders and transmit what is here to the computer, and the result is this here. It is precisely a computerized maneuver. From there, when the red meets the blue, one begins to degrade the other, due to that offensive or defensive attitude that was imposed on the red or the blue.
In this picture here, we have a summary of the three simulation modes that we have in the Earth Force. Constructive, virtual and live mode. And war is not simulation, of course, right?
So, the constructive mode, we have the simulated people, the equipment is simulated and the engagement is simulated. So, the simulated people, why? The planner plans that certain people will be in a certain portion of the terrain.
Those people will form a platoon, 30 men, or a company, 300 men, or a division, 11,000 men. They will be distributed on the terrain and these people, these troops, will be represented by a little square, which we call "caluga", with a symbol inside and an added value in terms of personnel, material and equipment. So, this equipment will be simulated, as we said, and the engagement will be simulated as well.
When there is friction between a red troop and a blue troop, the artificial intelligence of the computer, of the program, it will generate casualties, it will generate vehicles that will stop working, combatants who will die, combatants who will be injured, and so I will be able to evolve, I will be able to make my plans, check if they are correct, if they are wrong, if they need to make some adjustments, and so on. In the virtual mode, I have the real people, the simulated equipment and the simulated engagement. I talked about VBS-3, I'm there sitting on the computer as if I were driving a combat car.
So, the equipment is simulated, the engagement is simulated. In that combat car that I'm driving, in VBS-3, I can make fire in the other combat car that is appearing there. So, the engagement is simulated.
And in the live mode, no. In the live mode, I have real people, real equipment. So, live mode, real person, with a laser sensor on the helmet, with a collet sensored to the laser in my body, with real equipment, which is a rifle, usually with a laser emitter on the tip, and which I will point to a certain "enemy", also sensored.
If my aim is correct, that laser emitter will indicate that my target was injured or killed. So, the engagement is simulated. And in the war, it is obvious, the people are real, the equipment is real, and the engagement is real.
Well, to address item 3, our summary, we will then talk a little about the excursion and training centers, which are precisely those military organizations that have the primacy of using these simulation equipment. So, we have here, sorry, we have here the training centers East and South, the training centers South, in the city of Santa Maria, and the training centers East, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, which are the largest military contingents that we have in Brazil. And we are already in the process of implementing a training center in the Amazon.
These training centers, they are, let's say, the simulation houses. In these training centers, we have live, virtual and constructive simulation. And in the excursion centers, we have precisely that training, that specialized training.
So, we have here the GNO operations training center, which will now be the urban operations training center. We have the armored training center, the war in the jungle training center, electronic warfare. So, the excursion centers are the training, the training, the practice of specialized combat.
We have special operations paratroopers and so on. So, we have 11 excursion centers. The CSU, the training centers South, as we said, the training centers, they bring together live, virtual and constructive simulation.
So, here we have the image of a constructive simulation. Ladies and gentlemen, now you must already be completely aware of what a constructive simulation is. After so much repetition, you should already know by heart.
Here is the fire support simulator, which is a simulation that is a little real, a little live and a little virtual. Why is it live? Because in this case here, I bring together a piece of artillery, which would be the observer, unfolded terrain.
I gather here the observation post in which I transmit the image of where the impacts are happening. So, this observer sees the impact of the simulated terrain and makes his corrections. So, it is a virtual simulation with a real component, which is the observer operator.
So, we have the real equipment and the real operator. And we also have the part of the live simulation, as we said. A characteristic of CSU is precisely its specialization in armored combat.
That's why we have this zoom here in the cannon tube. Here is the laser emitter, as you can see. And we have the laser receiver that was installed precisely in the tower of the armored combat vehicle.
This cannon shooting here in this armored combat vehicle will sensitize this sensor and smoke will come out and indicate that this armored combat vehicle was hit. Here we have the CMAF, the fire support simulator, which we ended up addressing in the previous slide. It is the image of the terrain, the observation post.
And here are those who coordinate the exercise. These coordinators will check if the impact is correct. They will sometimes put a purposeful error so that the instructor can react to that differentiated behavior.
They will check if the preparatory procedures for the shot were executed correctly and other things. Well, the East Training Center has, by characteristic, that its specialization is live simulation with emphasis on the standing troop, which is the motorized troop. And something of mechanized troop, but really its specialization is the use of the D7 for the individual combatant.
I also remember that it has the virtual simulation part and also has the SIMAF part, which is located in Resende. In the city of Resende, in Rio de Janeiro. We have the armored combat training center, which is specialized in the training and training of armored garrisons.
We have a procedure tower, which the garrison comes here and practices how to do the aim, how to turn the tower, how to raise the tower and everything else. We have here this tactical virtual simulator, these two, this is the VBS and these are the cabins that I integrate in here. Here is the commander of the car and the shooter and here is the driver of the car.
And these four cabins form a platoon, so one can see the other on the ground. And here is a procedure simulator for the driver, the driver learns to drive the combat car in here. Here is the driver, in there.
Continuing, the Army Aviation Instruction Center. It also has its very specialized and very specific simulators. Here we see four helicopter cabins.
In fact, these cabins "fly" together, so whoever is in this cabin can see this other cabin. And if he has, according to the planning made by the pilot, "flying" within reach of his sight. And the same thing happens with others, so I can do that training of flying in formation.
And we have here, a good artifice for these cabins, are the virtual simulation glasses. So this one here, which is the shooter, he is "dressed" with virtual immersion or virtual reality glasses. So when he is pointing the machine gun here, in fact, he is seeing a target.
And he is operating the machine gun to hit that target. So it is a very realistic and very effective training. Here is the boss, which we have already mentioned, the interior of the boss.
There, in this case, the pilot is in a much greater immersion. He has movement, he has darkness, he has sound, he has everything. So this equipment is a little more advanced than these cabins here.
But all these types of training are quite efficient. In the case of the Missile and Missile Artillery Instruction Center, we have the SISASTROS. This is called "tactical table".
So here I can locate, in the letter, where is my battery of ASTROS rockets, perform the ASTROS rocket launch, check the trajectory of these rockets, and see the result of the impact of these rockets on the ground. All this I can see on this tactical table. And here is the computer-based training, also used in the ASTROS system.
What is this here? Instead of being based solely on that training, based on a postulate, on a polygraph, on a book, this is not the case here. This is what I see there.
If I want to know how the interior of the cabin works, of the aircraft, the steering wheel, then I go to the cabin. If I want to see the operation of a certain button, what is it for? I press that button and it will emulate the activities or the consequences of having pressed that button.
And so on. This is the computer-based training. The Cybernetic Warfare Operations Simulator, SIMOC.
Not this one, this one is different. It is also a very specialized training. It is that staff that deals with electromagnetic waves, with electromagnetic interferences, anything that can affect the management of the power plant, the communications.
This staff is trained to deal with these threats. Having said all this, we will move on to our number 5, which is the conclusion. Concluding our presentation, we have to say that the simulation is a tool that does not replace the other teaching and instruction techniques, but complements and enhances them.
And this is our final slide. The combat simulation as a tool for preparing the ground forces is very important for us to form what we call a pre-combat veteran. That person who has never been in a real combat, but due to the technique, due to the training, the training she did with the simulation component, that combatant is able to face a real situation with very good conditions and adding a lot of experience as if he had really participated in a real situation.
So I close here. I thank again the attention of everyone and this opportunity that was given to me. I hope everyone is very happy in the continuation of their activities.
Thank you very much!
