the push-up is one of the most primitive muscle building movements that we possess unlike some other body weight exercises such as dips or pull-ups you need absolutely nothing to perform this movement it can be used for strength development muscle growth or even as an effective warm-up tool in fact at least for beginners it's been shown in the literature to provide chest and triceps size and strength gains that are comparable to that of the bench press however just because it's a simple exercise doesn't necessarily mean that it's simply done due to the high amount of muscle
mass and joints which are involved in this exercise there's a lot that can go wrong which as you'll see is not only detrimental for growth but it's also problematic from an injury and pain standpoint since we tend to do push-ups with a lot of volume and the wear and tear from improper form can accumulate very quickly so in this video i'll share what the most common and problematic push-up mistakes are and how to fix them right away so that you can start seeing faster growth while avoiding potential injury down the road the most common mistake
people make with their push-ups is flaring their elbows out commonly as a result of using a hand position that's too wide thinking that this is going to better target and grow their chest but instead it actually does the opposite while putting our shoulders at a greater risk for injury because whenever we do any pressing motion like a push-up we want our elbow angle to line up with our chest fibers in order to best activate them but what happens when we use a wide grip is that not only is the range of motion shortened but our
body is also forced to flare the elbows out to the sides whenever we get to the bottom position so now as you can see the elbow angle and the tension is now best lined up with the front delts instead of the chest which is what we want to avoid in fact multiple studies comparing a wider grip with the elbows flared out to a narrower grip with the elbows tucked in have indeed found not only significantly less chest activation with the wider grip but also less activation of the triceps and less strength and power improvements likely
due to the reduced range of motion so instead use a grip that's roughly just outside shoulder width or narrower and then when you execute your push-ups don't forget to tuck your elbows in towards your body rather than flaring them out now as for the optimal elbow angle here's what research has to say one study examining the effect of elbow placement during the push-up found that at degrees higher than 60 degrees out the shoulder is placed in a compromised position that can lead to shoulder impingement so keeping them tucked to below a 60 degree angle preferably
right around 45 degrees is recommended what you'll find when you implement those two push-ups is that rather than moving vertically up and down your body will now actually move forward and back similar to the correct bar path of your bench press which is a good thing so make this simple tweak in your elbow positioning as it will not only help place our elbows in the optimal position for chest activation but will also be a much safer position for your shoulder to be in next we want to be mindful of our hand orientation the first problem
that we see is when people have their hands turned in slightly what this does is it not only encourages the flaring of the elbows which as i previously mentioned is something that we want to avoid but it also places our shoulders in an internally rotated position that puts us at a greater risk for shoulder impingement not to mention the added shear stress on the elbows that research shows this hand placement causes as well so instead when you perform your push-ups keep your hands in a neutral position so not pointed in but also not pointed out
because similar to how you would set your feet when you squat you should actively screw your hands into the ground like so to promote external rotation of your shoulders before your push-up so if your hands are already pointed out quite a bit then this prevents us from being able to do this then after you set your hands you want to promote this position as you go into your push-up by thinking about distributing the weight in your hands more externally rather than internally by again thinking about screwing your hands outwards apply this tweak and you'll immediately
notice a big difference in the stability and the comfort of your shoulders as you perform each rep [Music] most people are unaware that by making very simple adjustments to your push-up form you can actually emphasize specific muscles more than others which is beneficial when you want to specifically focus on working a certain muscle group like during a chest focus workout or an arms focus workout for example to do this we mainly want to pay attention to what our elbows and shoulders are doing during the movement for instance if we wanted to make the push-up more
chest focused then we would want to limit the amount of flexion that our elbow experiences by moving our hands back a touch during the setup and then keeping our elbows stacked right on top of our wrist as we execute the push-up what this will do is it'll place more tension on the chest and less tension on the triceps which is exactly what a 2005 paper found when comparing several different push-up variations on the other hand if we wanted to make the push-up more triceps and arms focused then we want to maximize the amount of flexion
our elbow experiences instead this can be done by tucking the elbows in and dropping them down and back as far away from your hands as you're capable of doing comfortably during the push-up as opposed to keeping them stacked over your wrist like in the chest focus variation this subtle tweak will take the triceps through a greater range of motion and hence place more tension on them rather than other muscles like the chest and the shoulders and lastly if we wanted to emphasize the shoulders a little more then we would want to elevate our feet up
onto a high enough platform or perform a pike push-up similar to the effect of adjusting the incline of a bench further and further up as we press the added shoulder flexion in these variations will shift more and more of the tension to the shoulders rather than the chest or the triceps so play around with these variations and place them in your routines based on what muscle you want to emphasize the most the next mistake is something i've talked about frequently for other exercises but is just as commonly seen with push-ups and it's shrugging the shoulders
even if you have the proper hand placement once you start fatiguing and grinding out reps it's very easy to let the shoulders shrug up towards the ears this not only shifts tension away from the chest and onto the traps but it also causes you to lose a ton of stability and present strength so instead using your lats actively pull your shoulders down and away from your ears and into a stable and locked position that you want to now maintain as you perform each rep this simple change will add a ton of much needed stability to
your push up improve your push and strength and ensure that most of the tension goes towards the target muscle rather than the traps [Music] lastly is speed for most of you with a good amount of training experience push-ups become fairly easy when done only using your body weight as a result when you do perform them you probably tend to knock out a bunch of push-ups as fast as possible or just with a relatively fast tempo now if you're doing this for a fitness test then go for it however if you're regularly using push-ups as part
of your training program to build muscle then you aren't going to benefit as much for a couple reasons illustrating these reasons is a study that examined different temples during the push-up the researchers found greater chest activation and significantly greater triceps and rear delt activation as the speed of the push-ups slowed down from one and a half seconds per push-up to two seconds per push-up to two and a half seconds per push-up which provided the greatest activation what's even more of a concern though is that doing push-ups with the fast tempo resulted in 135 percent greater
sheer force and 163 percent greater torque on the elbow joints which is a major concern if you're doing quite a lot of volume with the push-ups since over time this can cause excessive stress and pain to the elbow joint so if push-ups have gotten pretty easy for you then instead of just trying to bang out more and more push-ups with a relatively fast tempo slow it down take at least two and a half seconds to perform each push-up you can even slow it down even further to five or six seconds per push-up if you need
some added difficulty because doing so will enable you to stress and grow your target muscles to a greater degree as you get stronger over time while placing less unwanted stress in your joints so hopefully you're able to see that there's a lot more that goes into even the simplest of exercises like the push-up yet if you want to see the best results while minimizing your risk of injury then you need to apply the same level of detail to each and every one of your exercises in your routine and for a step-by-step program that does all
of this for you by showing you not only the workouts to do every week but then how to execute those workouts and exercises to maximize your results then simply head on over to buildwithscience.com and take our analysis quiz to determine which program is best for you and your body it doesn't matter whether you have full access to a gym just a set of dumbbells or just your body weight we have science-based programs that will work for you just like it has for thousands of our members anyways that is it for today i hope you enjoyed
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