Church History II Lecture #4

and action hello Heroes this is lecture four where we're going to look at the English Reformation the Scottish church and some other Protestant churches you can see the required reading on your Sy well on the lecture and remember required is recommended and there's also supplemental reading suggestions and you might find some as you look online as well for the devotional I want to share that for various reasons the British and Scottish churches have influenced many people around the world the British conquered many places around the world and therefore English became the common language in many

places to this day English is used in such areas as traffic control and in other kinds of areas while he used an interpreter the English of Billy Graham was very powerful wherever he went to preach there are many Presbyterian churches around the world that wield much influence including in the United States Presbyterian or reform views play a significant role in the hearts of many leaders Billy Graham has been involved with Presbyterian churches but also Baptist and he'll work with just about any group of of Christians that want to uh get the gospel out and I'm

sure Billy Graham would agree with John Piper with Jesus when Jesus says I give them eternal life and they shall never perish and no one will snatch them out of my hand that's John 10 28 now here's the introduction to lecture four while this lecture will look at other denominations that came to America's Shores it will look primarily at the English British and Scottish churches they have much in common and much that is different while some would disagree they speak the same language you had scotsmen involved in the British expansion and around the world their

belief systems diverge somewhat the Scottish stay primarily conservative and Puritan while the British during the 16th century rang from Puritan to Catholic to Anglican with various places in between the British dominate when it comes to the monarchy the Scottish have the Geneva Bible that is used in the new world while the monarchy places the 1611 King James Bible in its churches and on and on it goes we will learn much of actions taken before seeing reactions taken by the Roman Catholics in the next lecture and actually we will see a reaction in this lecture as

well and perhaps more than one so let's look at the rather surprising English Reformation with a church that started in the early 300s that was covered in church history 1 church history 2 begins in the 1500s with Henry VII or the Roman numerals v i i i for8 the English or Anglican Church is the church that makes sausage its Beginnings were the messiest of all the churches that left the Roman Catholic Church it started because a king kept going through Queens because he wanted to have a male Heir and he had difficulty in doing so

the Roman Catholic Church stood firm against his efforts after granting him one analment which is a Catholic form of divorce Sir Thomas Moore stood with the Roman Catholic Church in this when Henry VII tried to get a second analment and was killed by Henry because of this Viewpoint and I do admire Sir Thomas Moore for standing for his beliefs but earlier he was called the hero of the church according to the Oxford dictionary of the church the occasion of the tutor Tu d o r Reformation was the famous divorce of Henry VII but its causes

lay deeper wolsley had removed the last lingering affection amongst the episcopate for papal Supremacy while in in the way to a royal Supremacy and now we look at the Oxford dictionary when in the 16th century that is the 1500s the tutor sovereigns a group of Royals by bloodline deemed it expedient to measure their strength against the papacy they found many elements in the nation ready to lend their support criticism of ecclesiastical wealth accompanied amongst the lower classes by sporadic heresy had been prominent since the time of John Wickliffe who had been persecuted as a Bible

translator Merchants cast hungry glances upon the riches of monastic property you can see last semester civil lawyers bore the canonist that's the church lawyers a deep Grudge and many citizens of all ranks resented papal exaction that is taxes more intangible but undeniable were the evidences of religious dissatisfaction represented amongst the learned by the Renaissance see last semester revolt against sastic ISM see last semester and its Devotion to the study of Hebrew and Greek of which arasmus and colay were typical in England and expressed among the unlettered by vague strivings after a more personal and spiritual

religion and by revulsion against the multiplication of chantries and reum songs the occasion of the tutor Reformation was the famous divorce of Henry VII but its causes lay deeper under Henry VII the convocations that is church meetings acknowledged the king to be the Supreme head on Earth of the Church of England and a serious of laws severed the financial judicial and administrative bonds between Rome and England despite the influ influx of Lutheran books and ideas and the inclusion of men of reforming opinions among the episcopate Henry VII refused to allow any doctrinal changes his order

for setting up of the great Bible in all churches was an event of which the full influence and importance were not realized until later close quote when his successor King James placed the Bible in churches in 1611 that bore his name he did so as the temporal head of the Anglican or English church returning to the Oxford dictionary apart from the overthrow of papal Supremacy and the bringing of the convocation under the control of the crown the main events of this Reign were negative such as the disillusion of the monasteries and the destruction of shrines

under Edward I 6 who would be a Protestant Archbishop cranmer produced the first and second books of common prayer in 1549 and 1552 a book on Doctrine teaching the 42 articles this advaned towards protestantism was followed by a reaction under the Catholic Mary who restored the papal Supremacy and undid much of the work of her father upon the accession rise to the throne of Elizabeth the the papal obedience was again repudiated this time for good the crown assumed the title of supreme Governor the second edwardine prayer book with some changes became the service book of

the Church of England the articles of religion were reduced to 39 and the episcopate Under The Prudent and scholarly leadership of Archbishop Parker attempted to achieve National unity and uniformity in religion two bodies of critics opposed the Elizabethan settlement in 1570 the pap bow of excommunication created a stubborn Enclave that is group of papal recusants opponents to Protestants within the nation on the other side a considerable volume of purit and opinion regarded the prayer book articles and episcopacy church government with Bishops as only a halfway house to a Fuller and better Reformation the majority of

divines that is church leaders of this standpoint remained with the church hence working to Define working to purify the church Church from within and the name Puritans here is more on English royalty and the church here are more is more about the 16th century Royals who affected the British Church King Edward I 6 would have had a greater effect on the church had he not been so ill and had he lived longer he lived from 1537 until 1553 he was a Protestant the ox dictionary said he was quote an ailing precocious and studious boy he

was the son of Henry VII and Jane Seymour he was provided by his father with consistently Protestant tutors and succeeded to the throne in 1547 at a time which was critical for the Church of England having uh delegated his Royal authority to the privy Council that is a group of leaders dominated by the Duke of North umberland he was himself of little account politically however he is outstanding ecclesiastically Church wise for the numerous alterations in a calvinist direction often forced on the church by an aresti in that state over the church government it was marked

by the publication in 1547 of a book of homes that is sermons drawn up by Thomas krer by the in Junctions also in 1547 condemning pictures and all lights except the two before the Blessed Sacrament providing a copy of the great Bible and of the paraphrase of arasmus in every Parish church and enforcing the reading in English of the epistle or letter and gospel at high mass by the acts of parliament again in 1547 imposing penalties on those those who spoke irreverently of the sacrament of the Altar and enjoining that communion be given in both

kinds abolishing the K delier permission to elect a bishop and repealing the Lawler a Protestant follower of what kif heresy laws and the act of six articles by the privy council's proclamations 1548 enumerating that is explaining ceremonies no longer to be enforced abolishing all images and enforcing the use of the newly drawn up order in English for the giving of communion and both Kinds by the recognition in 1548 of clerical marriages by the act of uniformity in 1549 imposing by the penal or criminal legislation the use of the first book of common Prayer by the

new ordinal in 1550 by the destruction of altars in 15 1950 instigated by Ridley Bishop of London and the substitution of wooden tables instigated by Ridley again and by the doctrine of the real presence Catholic view of communion the second and more calvinist book of common prayer in 1552 and the catechism and primer of 1553 the pendulum swung the other way after King edwards's death the the Catholic Mary eventually took the throne but because she could not have children and because of marriage complications eventually Elizabeth the first took the throne she navigated a Protestant Throne

between Mary Catholicism and puritanism she brought about church of England anglicanism that led to a rule that would lead to eventual colonialism where the Sun never set on the British Empire in other words cross and Crown were found on every continent except Antarctica and much of Latin America Asia Australia and North America India population under British rule in 1814 there were Royals and chaplain over the centuries Royals have had the option of selecting multiple chaplain Wikipedia tells us that a chapel Royal is an establishment in the British and Canadian Royal household serving the spiritual needs

of the Sovereign and the royal family historically the chapel Royal was a body of priests and singers that traveled with the Monarch the term is now applied to the Chapels within Royal palaces or a title granted to churches by the Monarch and in the Church of England working Royal chapels may also be referred to as Royal peculiars and ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Monarch the dean of his Majesty's Chapel's Royal is a royal household office in the United Kingdom that in modern times is usually held by the bishop of London in Canada the three chapels Royal

are affiliated with some of the country's First Nations and you can read much more about it in the PDF but I bring it up because I mainly want to focus on one particular example from the time of Elizabeth II the longest serving British monarch I would like to focus on John stot who was one of the chaplain for Elizabeth the second and her family it is hoped that he had a great influence on her and her family I showed a picture of him with Billy Graham at my December 2024 presentation I spoke with John stot

a long time ago briefly I learned that Elizabeth second uh in a separate conversation with a professor at my Seminary Gordon Conwell that Elizabeth II offered John stot a page that is an opportunity to sit in the high chamber the House of Lords but John stot turned down the offer he pre preferred to serve his Lord and Savior the king of kings and Lord of lords while still ministering to the royal family I hope he especially influenced Prince William whom it is hoped will eventually serve as king for many years I turn now to the

Scottish church I will tie it in with Calvin and Geneva the Scottish Church actually started in Geneva Switzerland how can that be when the Roman Catholic Mary came to the throne John FL Knox fled to the continent and wound up in Geneva he worked with John Calvin you heard about him in the previous lecture Knox wrote the Scottish confession which is a calvinistic document while in Geneva Knox oversaw the translation of the Bible popularly known according to the Oxford dictionary as the breaches Bible from its rendering of Genesis 37 they made themselves breaches the American

version says aprons or suspenders was first published as a whole in 1560 it was the first English edition to introduce verse numeration issued in a handy form instead of in folio with compendious notes of a calvinist flavor it was the Bible most widely read in private use in England for 50 years the pilgrim Puritans and other early settlers used the Geneva Bible because they did not want to use the 1611 King James Bible which was connected to a King they had no king but Jesus the Geneva Bible according to Wikipedia is one of the most

historically significant translations of the Bible into English proceed reading the DU Rees Bible the Catholic Bible by 22 years and the King James version by 51 years it was the primary Bible of 16th century English protestantism and was used by William Shakespeare Oliver Cromwell who led the Republic in between the Royals in the uh 17th century John of course John Dunn and others it was one of the Bibles taken to America on the Mayflower the pilgrim Hall Museum has collected several Bibles of Mayflower passengers and its frontus piece inspired Benjamin Franklin's design for the first

Great Seal of the United States the Geneva Bible was used by many English denters and it was still respected by all Oliver Cromwell soldiers at the time of the English Civil War in the booklet called the soldiers pocket Bible because the language of the Geneva Bible was more forceful and vigorous most readers strongly preferred this version to the great Bible in the words of Cleland Boyd McAfee it drove the great Bible off the field by sheer power of Excellence John Knox was a straightforward leader he wrote the history of the Reformation of religion within the

realm of Scotland instead of being part of the Church of England the Church of Scotland was its own group of churches and later I will share how it became the Presbyterian Church in the United States first the colonies and then the United States of America Wikipedia talks about nox Legacy in his will Knox claimed none have I corrupted none have I defrauded merchandise have I not made the poultry sum of money Knox bequeathed to his family which would have left them in dire poverty showed that he had not profited from his work in the kir

which means Church the Regent Lord Morton asked the general assembly to continue paying his stien to his widow for one year after his death and the Regent ensured that knox's dependants were decently supported Knox was survived by his five children and his second wife Nathaniel and Eleazar his two sons by his first wife attended St John's College in Cambridge England Nathaniel became a fellow of St John's but died early in 1580 Eleazar was ordained into the church of England and served in the Parish of great clacton he also died young and was buried in the

chapel of St John's College in 1591 knox's second wife Margaret Knox married a second time to Andrew K who was one of those involved in the murder of Dave rizio knox's three daughters also married Martha to Alexander Fairley Margaret to Zachary Pont son of Robert Pont and brother of Timothy Pont and Elizabeth to John Welsh a minister of the uh Scottish Kirk knox's death was barely noticed at the time although his funeral was attended by The Nobles of Scotland no major politician or Diplomat mentioned his death in their surviving letters Mary Queen of Scots made

only two brief references to him in her letters however what the rulers feared were knox's ideas more than Knox himself he was a successful reformer and it was this philosophy of reformation that had a great impact on the English Puritans he has also been described as having contributed to the struggle for genuine human Freedom by teaching a duty to oppose unjust government in order to bring about moral and spiritual change his Epitaph reads here lies one who feared God so much that he never feared the face of any man this is a reference to Matthew

10:28 Knox was notable not so much for the overthrow of Roman Catholicism in Scotland but for assuring the replacement of the established Christian religion with presbyterianism rather than anglicanism Knox was instrumental in the establishment of the Presbyterian polity that is church government though it took 120 years following his death for this to be achieved in 1689 meanwhile he accepted the status quo and was happy to see his friends appointed Bishops and archbishops even preaching at the inauguration of the Protestant Archbishop of St Andrews John Doug in 1571 in that regard Knox is considered the notional

founder of the Presbyterian denomination whose members number Millions worldwide here are some other denominations the Puritans separatists and congregationalists the Church of the Brethren and had the polity of uh government in the colony in the United States um they also had uh local church government as did the Puritan separatist and congregationalists there was Episcopalian or Anglican with Bishop government the congregationalist Church of the Brethren Baptists were all congregationally run uh Presbyterian were run by Presbyterian polity had Presbyterian views uh Presbyterian denominations had so many splits that they were called the split peas by Dr Richard

less of Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary each Mainline denomination shares liberal and conservative views the episcopalians in the United States stayed liberal while a new organization called Anglican went conservative and aligned itself with conservative anglicans around the world here is some of what I found on AI chat the Anglican Church split primarily refers to divisions within the Anglican communion over theological and social issues major points of contention include views on same-sex marriage lgbtq and so on clergy and sometime women's ordination though you can have con conservative groups that are okay with women's ordination uh the one

of the denominations actually I belong to three denominations and uh one of them leaves it up to each individual Church on women's ordination another one is fine with women's ordination and the third one is mostly fine with women's ordination and it is conserv ative and Outlook but the split has led to the formation of various faction including traditionalist groups and more Progressive congregations the global South Fellowship of Anglican churches emerged as a response to perceived liberalism in Western provinces the 2000 consecration of Jee Robinson and openly homosexual Bishop was a significant Catalyst for the split

between episcop ions in the new Anglican communion the Anglican communion based in England has face challenges in maintaining Unity amid these differing beliefs various provinces have taken differing stances on issues leading to strained relationships and formal Declarations of Separation efforts for reconciliation continue but deep divisions remain within the communion the split reflects broader societal debates on sexuality gender and Authority within religious context ongoing discussions and conferences aim to address these issues but consensus remains elusive methodists have Episcopal governments in their churches recently many Methodist churches broke off from the traditional Methodist denomination and those that

broke off are conservative in Outlook and you can see the online uh place where I got the article by Peter Weber published in early 2020 23 by the end of 2023 the United Methodist Church will be significantly less United torn a under by a host of issues but mostly over how to address same SE marriage and homosexual clergy Schism over lgbtq issues as a well-trodden path for Mainline Protestant denominations and the United methodists have taken some lessons from the episcopalians Presbyterians and lutherans here's a look at the breakup of the United Methodist Church why it

matters and where it fits in American Christianity what is happening within the United Methodist Church and as I go on you'll see how in the 16th century you had splits from Roman Catholicism and now you have splits within protestantism and you have conservatives across the different denominations having much more in common with each other than with liberals uh in their own denomination or former denominations you know United methodists have been more or less civil disagreeing about homosexual rights since the 1970s but the issue came to ahead in 2019 at a United Methodist General Conference that

year the theologically conservative Camp aided by socially conservative United methodists from Africa outflank the moderates and liberals and push through a resolution affirming existing United Method Methodist conference bands on same-sex weddings and the ordination of self-avowed practicing homosexuals as clergy the general conference also approved a new church law paragraph 2553 of the book of discipline offering UMC churches a path out of the United Methodist Church with their Church buildings and property which is important because some denominations were requiring that they would get to keep the church buildings and property which is unfortunate because the local

churches paid all the money for the buildings and property in the first place but if they get approval from 2third of their congregation sign off from their Regional governing body and pay their fair share of clergy pension liabilities and two years of apportionments for the larger denomination you I really think the Christian thing to do and this I guess is the closest thing they came to a Christian agreement that temporary exit strategy expires at the end of 2023 so it's called the New Year special deal for all you need to know about everything that matters

in 20125 but that's more of a thing to buy the magazine but an ideologically diverse group of United Methodist leaders crafted a more enduring plan for an amical divorce a protocol of reconcil ation and grace through separation in January 2020 to be approved at the general conference assembly later that year but then Co arrived and the convention was postponed three times understandably to 20124 Mark Tuli a traditionalist United Methodist and I would prefer to say conservative but writes in the Wall Street Journal those delays left many traditionalists feeling betrayed and exasperated they they started heading

for the exits anyway I added the word anyway one group formed the theologically conservative Global Methodist Church in May 2022 backers of the new denomination have been recruiting United Methodist churches to join since then the United Methodist news notes how big is the Schism the full extent won't be known until the end of 2023 but between 2019 and July 2023 three about 6,180 Methodist congregations successfully disaffiliated from the UMC mostly in the South and Midwest the approved departures represented 20% of America's United Methodist churches in 2019 as of December 2023 the UMC was still the

third largest denomination in the US after Roman Catholics and Southern Baptist United Methodist news reported this isn't the methodism methodisms first fracturing the United Methodist Church formed in 1968 from the union of Methodist denominations that split over slavery in the 1800s the association of religious data archives pieced together a Methodist Family Tree starting with the Methodist Episcopal Church which broke off from the church of England in 1784 and this is from Wikipedia with brackets that I have placed here is another example in 2006 when the American Baptist Churches of the Pacific Southwest separated from the

American Baptist Churches USA due to a disagreement with how abcusa enforced membership alliances and ordination appointments in light of theological differences and dispar in core tenets of biblical interpretation such as the authority of the Bible and such issues as marriage and sexuality it renamed as transformation Ministry in 2024 it gave itself a new name of the Aspire Network today there are TM or Aspire Network churches in 13 states and Northern Mexico in Tijuana since 2015 TM now is Aspire has established Ministry hubs in Houston Indianapolis and Miami as part of the expansion of the movement

beyond their historical footprint in the American southwest according to a census published by the Association in 2022 it claimed 240 churches which is a lot of growth when you consider that in less than 20 years they had increased by 90 churches and God called me to work for renewal in the United Church of Christ but I have standing uh well the Aspire Network recognizes my ordination uh the conservative congregational Christian Conference holds my ordination they tried to have uh the previous to the United Church of Christ the congregational Christian churches let them have their own

conference but they said no so the conservative congregational Christian Conference came into existence in 1948 n years before the United Church of Christ I mentioned earlier about the split peas I also talked about the Southern methodists and the methodists coming together again the same thing happened with the Presbyterians you had Southern Presbyterians breaking off because because of the Civil War so you had the Presbyterian Church USA come together but you have the very conservative Presbyterian Church of America that does not allow women's ordination but you have a newer group called Eko which does allow women's

ordination and you have churches uh leaving the Presbyterian Church USA and joining Eko as well so like I said earlier you have um whole churches leaving historic denominations because they have become very liberal and these more conservative churches want to keep the uh to the historic Christian faith and they have much more in common with the conservatives of the other denominations many denominations in the United States States and I know that I'm jumping from the 16th century but it's all connected and I'll eventually be talking about the Great Awakening and other things but I wanted

you to see the timeline going from the 16th century down to the present but both liberal denominations and conservative denominations have uh their own camping programs for instance my wonderful videographer uh Nick is in charge of videography for the camping program of the Aspire Network and the Aspire network has done such a good job with its mountains camping program that even non-church camps up in the mountains near where the aspired network camps are have asked the Aspire Network camp and videographer to over see their camping programs and there are other camping programs there are parrot

Church organizations that have their own camps uh I uh believe I have mentioned young life I mentioned it at the in-person conference and no one there seemed to recognize it but I was very involved with young life in high school I went to a young Young Life camp in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains and then the following year I went as a 3-week work crew member and I was happy to work for rooman board to wash dishes breakfast lunch and dinner as campers came from around the country and uh one one day I

even got to go on the ultimate minibike ride when the campers were away somewhere on their own I think going down a river I also got to go to weekend Young Life camps uh in college I was involved with the parot church organization inner Varsity Christian fellowship and I went to weekend camps and it was at one of those camps at Mount Herman where I learned about Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary which is where I went for my three-year uh master of divinity and had a great experience and I would go there again because they adhere

to the historic Christian faith to this day they have good quality control with their holding to the inherency of the uh original autographs of the authors of the Bible I have been to weekend camps with young life and the Beautiful Santa yanz Valley and they have various camps throughout uh the United States young life has places around the world uh there is something of a revival going on in Africa I believe it's in Tanzania where they have um uh high school students standing outside open window buildings because so many people want to hear the gospel

as it relates to them so to wrap up uh there are there you have it um getting back to the initial subject of this lecture there is more apparent Roman Catholic Unity falling apart with national unity and belief in uh Britain and uh Scotland and the new world disunity both in the Homeland and in new areas as we have often seen after such a strong action there is a strong reaction and we will next look at another strong reaction we have looked at examples of the Protestant Reformation reacting to problems in the Roman Catholic Church

and we will next examine the Roman Catholic Counter Reformation but may you have a blessed week amen