Antibody Dependent Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC) | Effector cells in ADCC response

hello in this video we'll talk about antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity or ADCC response ADCC is a mechanism of cell mediated immunity imagine we are infected by several pathogens like bacteria in that case our body will produce antibodies to neutralize these pathogens and in case of ADCC several cellular mediators or eector cells actually recognize one portion of these an antibody and thereby it engulfes the cell which is qued by the antibody and this is cell mediated cytotoxicity because it involves eector cell now the question is what are the affector cells and in which context ADCC

is really important so imagine we are infected by a virus our body would fight back by producing antibodies against this virus and these antibodies would potentially attenuate the virus or disable the virus from entering other cell types and this is basically a humoral immune response so in case of active virus it can interact with a cell surface receptor and thereby it gets its entry inside the cell but ated virus cannot enter because it's blocked by the antibodies so what will happen to these ated virus it turns out that there are several effector cells which can

recognize some portion of the antibodies and it can can ultimately engulf the attenuated virus and thereby destroying it but the question is what are these affector cells so if we think about viral infection these affector cells could be several cell types which has FC receptor cells like neutrophils enk cells dendritic cells or macras all can potentially act like a eector cell because all of them has FC receptors on them among them the most important one is the enk cells similar kind of response happens against bacteria or even Helm infection and thereby the pathogens are eliminated

now let me tell you that antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity is associated with type two hypers sensitivity reaction one example of that is mismatch blood transfusion we know there are several type of antigens in our rbcs right and based on that we have blood group a b AB or o imagine a situation where a person with blood group a has given blood to a person with blood group b clearly this is a mismatch blood transfusion now in person a there would be antib antibody and there would be a antigen on the RBC surface now in

the recipient who has blood group B has B antigen on the RBC surface and anti a antibody in the plasma now in case of this trans trans Fusion the antib antibody which comes from the donor would eventually bind on the B antigen present in recipients RBC then it would attract the attention from other effective cells like macrophases or natural killer cells which would eventually lead to destroy the RBC so the rbcs could also be destroyed by complement mediated Lis so this particular video tells you that antibody dependent cytotoxicity is a potential mechanism underlying type two

hypers sensitivity responses now principles of antibod dependent cytotoxicity can be used for treatment of cancer let me tell you how now tumors have specific antigens on their surface which are known as tumor antigens now let's say a researcher has generated a particular monoclonal antibody against this tumor antigens so obviously these monoclonal antibodies would selectively Target the tumor cells and not the normal cells because Normal cells doesn't have tumor antigens and these are something which is very specific for tumor cells in that case other refector cells like enk cells can engulf the or destroy the tumor

cells by interacting via FC receptor and thereby it can potentially reduce the tumor volume and this is a topic of ongoing research so what we learn in this video in this video we learned what is ADCC response what are the cellular players of ADCC response ADCC response is a mechanism underlying type to hyper sensitivity and lastly we understand that uh cancer treatment can be done using the principle of ADCC especially inducing the enk cells to engulf or destroy the tumor cells so if you like this video give it a quick thumbs up you can support

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