[Music] [Laughter] [Music] and gregor look i think it it might be really important just to take our shareholders through who is behind gregor borg what your experience is that has ended up with you being a professor at heller uh you know just give our child as a bit of color on your experience and how you actually got to where you are at the at the moment being able to synthesize all this detail and and simplify things for us well um thank you very much for giving me an opportunity to talk about myself a little bit
which is not so easy because we're talking about something like 40 years of experience and my entire career i've been sort of hopping back and forth from industry to academia or actually been standing with one leg on one side and the other leg on the other side but although i've been working on very many different deposit types all over the world what has kept being one of my strong topics are sediment hosted base metal precious metal deposits so my second exploration job that i actually worked in was in germany and i was trying to explore
for a company more reserves for two of the most outstanding sediment hosted base metal deposits the one is the deposit of megan and the other one the deposit of ramelsburg but right from the beginning i had to learn that there is a danger in pigeonholing these deposits because if people talk about sediment hosted led zinc which is a topic and which is one of the memes one is overlooking that quite a large number of these basins are not just sedimentary basins but they are volcano sedimentary basins and the biggest difference that that makes is that
the volcano sedimentary basins also have a very very significant and economically important endowment in copper in copper in gold and so one gets this very very nice mixture of the source rocks that come from the clastic sedimentary site which bring us the lead and the zinc and from the volcanic side that bring us copper zinc but also gold and silver so that is quite an amazing endowment and this is what i've come across whether i worked in the european cook for fifa or whether i worked in north america in some of the sediment housing deposits
in the kiwinot rift whether it was in ecuador or whether it was in coastal namibia so that is one of the things and one of the lessons that i learned pretty early on that one must be careful not to discard a certain deposit type just because it doesn't give the abbreviation of a certain element in there but one must always look at the base we are dealing with and at the cuticle basin in ecuador in uranius exploration areas certainly you cannot overlook the potential for copper which sticks out of the ground as malachite very very
clear to see so gregor yeah if if you wouldn't mind talking a bit more about the the kotoku basin that that we're exploring um and you know just uh we we're always talking to our shareholders about the fact that you need three fundamental things to form an or deposit firstly you need the the source of the metals secondly you need the plumbing system or the means of getting those metal bearing fluids moving around and then thirdly crucially you need some sort of trap site that allows all of those metals to be pulled out of that
solution uh in enough concentration to to form a high grade uh deposit so you know and all of those things are happening within the basin would you mind just sort of stepping us through how that all works from from your observations from from the kotoku well thank you richard that's that's a very very good point that you're raising there and that you're sort of trimming it down to the most fundamental to the most three most fundamental features that you actually need the source conduits or media they transport and trap sites that is sort of the
key ingredients for the formation of any or deposit you're perfectly right if one looks at these categories in detail there are sort of sub categories and not because i want to fill in a big tick box exercise form here but it is so important to point out that all of these ingredients in detail they're all present in your expiration area so if we are talking about sources we're talking about source it and i've briefly touched on that already it's a basin that is filled it's a fourth bounded basin first of all grab and type four
bounded basins which will become quite important just now which is filled with volcano sedimentary material so we've got mafic volcanics there are some intermediate volcanics which are very very good source rocks for metals we've got the clastic sediments which are also very good source for rocks for metals and we do have evaporites we've got anhydride and glypsom which are sulfate minerals which is important because sulfur will be needed in the end to produce sulfites or minerals but it's also important for leaking because it is producing acidic acids acidic fluids that can leach metals from the
rock they can do terrible things to the rocks but they release the metals from those and change and alter them and there's also another ingredient that we've got there we've got salt we've got sodium chloride potassium chloride we've got salt in the form of layers of cushions that have warped and of domes and this is another amazing chemical in there because if we take apart the sodium chloride and we take the chloride the chlorine in there the chlorine is what we call a very very good complexing age that means if we've got chlorine in those
waters in those warm waters in the base and in the pores those again can leach store and transport the metals in an amazing way that means different from distilled water sulfur-bearing fluids which have a low ph they are acidic and chlorine bearing fluids have such an amazing capability of releasing the metals transporting them to the right sides so not only that our fluids are metalliferous chlorine and sulfuric fluid warm fluids warm to hot fluids will transport the metals but in the right size they can also dump them they can precipitate them and they can precipitate
them in the form of sulfide minerals sulfide or minerals and for that one needs what we call a trap site that means the fluid needs a reason why it should precipitate those or minerals now this could be a drop in temperature when those fluids that come from along faults and they enter a marine basin or la castron basin it is the cool waters that make a huge difference and the sulphides might precipitate another reason could be that they encounter a rock that is providing even more sulfur to produce sulfites and those could be evaporites but
it could also be that they encounter highly reactive rocks like carbonates limestones and dolomites and there they can react and they can replace these limestone and these dolomite rocks and form sulfides and we're finding very very good signs for that in some of the drill core [Music] you
