Basic English Grammar Course for Beginners | 37 Lessons | Learn with Esther

Hi everybody. Welcome to Beginner 1. In these videos, I hope to teach you some basic English. So, these videos are for low level beginners. Okay… Now when you watch these videos, I want you to pay attention. Okay… Watch all the videos in the series. Okay… Please listen carefully and if there are any words or expressions that you don’t know, please check your dictionary. Another thing you should do is repeat after me. Repeating is a really good practice. Okay… So, I know that some of these videos are hard. But please don’t give up. If you try

your best, and watch all of these videos, I know that your English will get better. Okay, well let’s get started. Hi, everybody and welcome to this video. Now in this video, I want to talk about the difference between consonants and vowels. Now, in the English alphabet, there are twenty-six letters. And in the alphabet, there are five main vowels and one special vowel. And the rest are consonants. So, let’s look at the board. Here’s the alphabet. The first letter, ‘a’, is a vowel. The next letter, ‘b’, is a consonant. ‘c’ is a consonant. ‘d’ consonant. ‘e’

is a vowel. Then, ‘f’, is a consonant. ‘g’ consonant. ‘h’ consonant. ‘i’ is another vowel. ‘j’ is a consonant. ‘k’ consonant. ‘l’, ‘m’, ‘n’ are consonants. ‘o’ is another vowel. ‘p’, ‘q’, ‘r’, ’s’ and ‘t’, these are all consonants. ‘u’ is the last main vowel. ‘v’ consonant. ‘w’ consonant. ‘x’ consonant. ‘y’ is the special vowel. And we’ll talk about that more later on. And ‘z’ is the last letter, and it is a consonant. Okay, so, there are twenty-six letters in the alphabet. There are five main vowels. One special vowel. And the rest are consonant. Okay,

let’s move on to the next part. Let’s look at some words. Now all English words have vowels. Maybe one or many vowels. So, let’s look at these words. The first word is “cat”. Okay, we have ‘c’ is a consonant. ‘a’ a vowel. ‘t’ consonant. “Egg”. ‘e’ is a vowel. And ‘g’, ‘g’. ‘g’ is a consonant. “Hit”. ‘h’ is a consonant. ‘i’ a vowel. And ‘t’ a consonant. “Top”. ‘t’ is a consonant. ‘o’ is a vowel. And ‘p’ a consonant. The last word is “cut”. ‘c’ is a consonant. ‘u’ a vowel. And ‘t’ a consonant. So,

we have the main vowels: ‘a’, ’e’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ‘u’. Now, I said ‘y’ is a special vowel. That’s because sometimes it’s a vowel and sometimes it’s a consonant. So, let’s look. In the word, “why”, the letter ‘y’ sounds like ‘i’. “Why”. So, it is a vowel. “Bicycle”. The letter ‘y’ sounds like ‘i’. “Bicycle”. ‘i’ is the letter ‘i’, right, it sounds like the letter ‘i’. So, in this case ‘y’ is also a vowel. “Pretty”. “Pretty”. ‘y’ sounds like ‘e’. Okay… “Pretty”. So, it’s a vowel. Now, in the last two words, “you” and “yes”, the letter

‘y’ is a consonant. Usually, if ‘y’ comes at the beginning of a word, or if it makes a /u/ sound, for example, “you”, “yes”, it is a consonant. Okay… So again, five main vowels: ‘a’, ’e’, ’i’, ’o’, ’u’. And ‘y’ the special vowel. Now to help us remember vowels, we can say, “a, e, i, o, u and sometimes y.” Okay, repeat again after me. “a, e, i, o, u and sometimes y.” One more time, faster. “a, e, i, o, u and sometimes y.” Okay, and that’s the end of this video. Thank you. Hi everybody and

welcome to this video. In this video, we’re going to talk about using ‘a’ or ‘an’. Okay. We use ‘a’ or ‘an’ in front of nouns. Well, what is a noun? A noun is a person, place, thing, or animal. Okay, so let’s look at the board. The first noun we have is “banana”. “banana”, starts with the consonant ‘b’. So, we put “a banana”. “a banana”. Look at the next word. “Apple”. In this case, the first letter is ‘a’. ‘a’ is a vowel. Remember the vowels are a, e, i, o, u, so we have to put ‘an’.

“an apple”. “cat”. Hmmm. The first letter, ‘c’, is a consonant. So, should we put, ‘a’ or ‘an’? Remember, if it’s a consonant, we have to put ‘a’. “a cat”. The next word, “boy”. Again, the word starts with a consonant: ‘b’. So, we have to say, “a boy”. The next word, “egg”, has the letter ‘e’ in front. ‘e’ is a vowel. So, what do we put? We put ‘an’. If we read it, it sounds like “an egg.” “an egg”. Okay, and the last word is “ant”. “ant” starts with the vowel ‘a’. So again, we must put……”an

ant”. “an ant”. Now, let’s go through these words together. “a banana”. “a banana”. “an apple”. “an apple”. Keep in mind that when you have ‘an’ in front, it has to sound like almost one word. “an apple”. “an apple”. “a cat”. “a cat”. “a boy”. “a boy”. “an egg”. “an egg”. “an egg”. Again, it sounds like one word. "an egg". "an ant" "an ant" "an ant" Okay. Let’s move on the next part. Okay, let’s do some extra practice. Ahhh, I have some nouns on the board. Remember, a noun is a person, place, thing or animal. So

let’s go through them one by one. “a book”, “book” is a thing. It’s a thing that we read. “park”, is a place. It’s a place we go. “umbrella” is a thing. Right. Umbrella is a thing that we use when it’s raining. “elephant”. “elephant” is an animal. “doctor”. “doctor” is a person. And “orange”. "orange" is a thing that we eat. Okay. Now, I’m going to say ‘a’ or ‘an’ in front of the nouns. I want you to listen and see if you can hear the difference. Okay… We have “book”. In that case we say, “a book”.

“a book”. We have to say, “a book”. Okay… The next one is “park”. We say, “a park”. “a park”. Remember, we put ‘a’ in front of words that begin with consonants. ‘b’ and ‘p’ are consonants. That’s why we say, “a book”, “a park”. Okay… How about the next word? “an umbrella”. “an umbrella”. Could you here the difference? “an umbrella”. We say ‘an’ because umbrella starts with a vowel: ‘u’. “an umbrella”. Okay… “elephant”. We should we say? “an elephant”. “an elephant”. Again, 'elephant' starts with a vowel. “a doctor”. “a doctor”. “a doctor”. And the last word,

“an orange”. “an orange”. Again, we have to say, “an orange” because ‘o’ is a vowel. So, let’s go through each word one more time. “a book”. “a book”. Okay… “a park”. “a park”. “an umbrella”. “an umbrella”. Notice it sounds like one word. “an umbrella”. “an elephant” “an elephant” “a doctor” “a doctor” And the last one. “an orange” “an orange” Okay. So that’s the end of this video. I hope you can remember when to use ‘a’ and ‘an’. Okay, thank you. Bye. Hi, everybody and welcome to this video. Now, in this lesson I’m going to talk

about singular and plural nouns. Okay. Singular means one. And plural means more than one or many. Okay. So let’s look at the board. This part is showing singular nouns. Okay, remember, singular means one. Okay. So when the noun is singular, we put ‘a’ or ‘an’. So let’s look. “a ring” That means one ring. “a ring” “a dog” Again, one dog. “a dog” “a teacher” One teacher. “a teacher” “an apple” “an apple” One apple. “an egg” “an egg” One egg. So again, one…. noun is singular. Okay. Now over here, we have plural nouns. Plural means more

than one. Two, three, four, and so on. So, many. Okay. So, when we have a plural noun, we have to, don’t forget, we have to put ‘s’ or ‘es’. Again, if there’s more than one, If the noun is plural, you have to put ‘s’ or ‘es’. Now the nouns here, you just have to add an ‘s’. Okay, and we’re going to go through them right now. “two rings”. Okay, we had one ring. “a ring”. Now we have “two rings.” With an ‘s’. Okay. We had “a dog”. The plural is “three dogs”. Again, ‘s’ “three dogs”

“a teacher” One teacher “four teachers” “four teachers” Don’t forget the ‘s’. Okay, you must not forget that. “an apple”. That’s one apple. Then we have plural. “five apples” “five apples” Okay. And the last one. “an egg”. One egg. “six eggs” Don’t forget ‘s’. “six eggs” Okay. I really need you to remember that. “two rings” “three dogs” “four teachers” “five apples” and “six eggs”. Okay, let’s move on to the next part. Now we have some more nouns. These nouns are a little bit different. Uhhh, when they’re singular it’s the same. You put ‘a’ or ‘an’ in

front. But when you want to make them plural, you have to add ‘es’. Remember, I said, you can add ‘s’ or ‘es’ to make a noun plural…more than one. So again, these nouns you have to add ‘es’. So let’s go through them one more time. Okay. So we have “a bus”. “a bus” Again, that means one bus. “a box” “a box” “a watch” “a watch” Okay, one. “a kiss” “a kiss” And “an ax”. “an ax” One. “an ax” Okay. Now, we’re going to move on to the plural. Remember, again, to make the plural, or more

Than one, here, we add ‘es’. Okay. “a bus” One. “two buses” “two buses” “a box” “three boxes” “three boxes” “a watch”. “four watches” ‘es’ right. “four watches” “a kiss” One. “five kisses” “five kisses” Add the ‘es’. And the last one. “an ax” “an ax” Okay, we have “six axes”. “six axes” So don’t forget. We have to put ‘es’ to make these nouns plural. Okay, let’s move on to the next part. So, how do we know if we should put ‘s’ or ‘es’ to make the noun plural? Well, for most nouns, you just have to put

‘s’. Okay, for most of them. But, for some, you have to put ‘es’. And how do we know? Well… Let’s look at the board. We have some nouns. The first one is “church”. Okay. “Church” ends in ‘ch’. So if the noun ends in ‘ch’, you have to put ‘es’. Okay. So it becomes “churches”. So again, if the noun ends in ‘ch’, add ‘es’ at the end to make it plural. The same goes for the next word “brush”. You’ll notice “brush” ends in ‘sh’. Okay. So if it ends in ‘sh’, same thing, we add ‘es’ at

the end to make it plural. Okay. The next word is 'fox'. We have the letter ‘x’ at the end. Okay. All nouns that end in ‘x’, we have to put ‘es’ to make it plural. Okay, so, ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘x’. If the noun ends with these, put ‘es’. And the last one is “dress”. Okay, we have ‘ss’ at the end. Same thing. Put ‘es’ at the end to make it plural. Okay. “dresses” Again, if it ends in ‘ss’ put ‘es’. Okay, so please, don’t forget ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘x’, ‘ss’, we must put ‘es’ at the end. Most

of the other nouns we just add ‘s’. Okay. Now we have some special nouns on this side. “Potato, tomato, volcano”. Now, most nouns that end in ‘o’, like “photo”, All we have to do is add an ‘s’ to make it plural. “photos”. Okay. But these are special because we actually have to put ‘es’ at the end… to make them…plural. Okay. So we have “potatoes, tomatoes, volcanoes”. Again, these are a little bit special. For most nouns that end in ‘o’, we just add ‘s’. Okay, and, uhhh, let’s go to the final part. Okay, let’s do some

extra practice. On the board, I have some nouns. Some are singular and some are plural. We have to decide together if we should put ‘s’ or ‘es’ Or make them singular. Okay. So you have to listen carefully and remember what we learned in this video. Okay. “two books” Right, this is plural. There are two. “two books” We have to put an ‘s’. “two books” Okay. The next one. “three class” Hmmmm. “class” ends with an ‘s’. So what do we put? “three classes” “three classes” Okay. So again the plural is “three classes”. Okay. “a lion” “a

lion” Do we have to put anything? No. No ‘s’ or ‘es’ because this is singular. There’s just one lion. “a lion” “six hats” “six hats” We have to put an ‘s’. “six hats” Okay. The next noun is “seven match”. What do we put? Well, we have a ‘ch’. So we have to put “matches”. “seven matches” “seven matches” Okay. And the last one is “one bat”. “one bat”. We do not put an ‘s’ or ‘es’ because again, it’s just one. We don’t have to put anything after ‘bat’. Okay, this is singular. Okay, so, in this video,

we learned how to make a noun singular. Okay. And how to make a noun plural. Remember, singular means one. Plural means more than one. And remember, don’t forget, we have to put ‘s’ or ‘es’. Okay. And thanks for joining. That’s the end of this video. Bye. Hi everybody and welcome to this video. In this video, we’re going to talk about subjective pronouns. So, let’s take a look at the board. Here they are. The subjective pronouns. Please take a careful look. They’re very important in English. Okay. So, the first subjective pronoun is ‘I’. “I” means me.

“I’m Esther”. I He Now, “he” is only used for boys or men. Okay. He So another boy or man is “he”. “She” is used for girls or women. Okay. She It “It” Is used for a place like a school, an animal like a dog, or a thing like a chair. Okay. It The next one is “you”. “You” means you. Okay. “you”. We “We” means other people and me. For example, “I sing”, “you sing”, then “we sing”. Okay. “we”. And the last one is “they”. “They” means many people, places, animals or things. Okay. So, more than

one. If there’s more than one, we use the subjective pronoun ‘they’. Okay, let’s move on to the next part. Okay, so let’s practice together with subjective pronouns. The first sentence on the board says, “Jenny sings”. Now Jenny is one girl. So we can say, “She sings”. “Jack sings”. Jack is one boy. So we have to say, “he sings”. The last sentence says, “Jenny and Jack sing”. Now Jenny and Jack are two people. So we have to say, “they sing”. Okay, let’s move on to the next part. Okay, let’s do some more practice. The first sentence

on the board says, “The cat runs”. ‘The cat’ is an animal, so we have to say, “It runs”. The next sentence says, “The dog and cat run”. Now, ‘the dog and cat’, they are two animals. So anytime you have two or more things, we say, “They run”. ‘They’. Okay, now, for the last sentence, I’m going to talk about my cat, Ongee. Ongee is a cat. He’s an animal. But he has a name. He’s a boy cat. Okay and I love him. And he’s like family. So, “Ongee runs”. I can say “He runs”. Okay. Let’s move

on to the next part. Okay, here are some more examples. But, this time, you have to figure out the subjective pronoun together with me. Okay. So, “My students study”. What should we use? Well, ‘My students’, there’s an ‘s’. Right. They’re people and there’s more than one. Many people. So we have to use the subjective pronoun, ‘they’. “They study”. The next example. “John is handsome”. Okay, ‘John’, that’s a person. There’s only one. Right… And it’s a boy, ‘John’. So what should we use? We have to use the subjective pronoun, ‘he’. One boy. We say, “he”. “He

is handsome”. Okay, the last one. “Pizza is delicious”. ‘Pizza’ is a thing. And there’s only one. Right. There’s no ‘s’. One pizza. We say, “it”. “It is delicious”. Okay. Let’s move on to some more examples. Okay, the first example says, “Seoul is a city”. Now, ‘Seoul’ is a place. Okay. So we have to use the subjective pronoun, ‘it’. “It is a city”. The next example says, “My parents love Ongee”. Now, ‘Ongee’ is my cat. “My parents love Ongee”. Well, ‘my parents’, they are two people. My mom and my dad. So, what do I use? I

have to say, “they”. “They love Ongee”. The last example is very similar to the second one. “My parents and I love Ongee”. Okay. The difference is… it says, “and I”. So this is ‘my parents’ with ‘me’. So I have to say, “we”. “We love Ongee”. Okay. All of us. Okay, so, in this video we learned about subjective pronouns. I hope you guys have a good understanding of ‘when’ and ‘how’ to use them. Thank you for watching and I’ll see you guys next time. Bye. Hi, everybody. Welcome to this video. Now, in this video, we’re going

to talk about subjective pronouns, ‘be’ verbs, and also, contractions. So let’s take a look at the board. Okay. First, we have the subjective pronouns. And we have the ‘be’ verbs: am, is, and are. Okay. So let’s look at the first one. “I am”. “I am Esther”. The contraction for ‘I am’ is ‘I’m’. “I’m”. Now, a contraction is a more common way of saying subjective pronouns and their ‘be’ verb. It’s faster and quicker and shorter. Okay, it’s more common. I want you to use contractions. Okay. So, “I am” becomes “I’m”. “He is” – “he’s”. “She is”

- “she’s”. “It is” - “it’s”. Okay, let’s move on to the bottom. “You are” becomes “you’re”. “You’re”. “We are” – “we’re”. “We’re”. and “They are”. The contraction is “they’re”. “They’re”. Okay, let’s move on to the next part. Okay. We’re going to take a look at some sentences using the ‘be’ verbs. Now, notice on the board, I only used contractions. Okay. For example, instead of “I am”, I’m going to say “I’m”. So, the first sentence. “I’m a student”. Okay. This means one. So we have to say, “a student”. “a” Now many people make the mistake of

saying, “I’m student”, but that’s wrong. Okay. You have to put ‘a’. Now, before I read it, you have to listen carefully. ‘I’m a’ - sounds like one word. “I’m a…” “I’m a…” “I’m a student”. Okay. Please repeat after me. “I’m a student”. “I’m a student”. Okay, the next one, again, sounds like one word. “He’s a…”. “He’s a…”. Okay.so… “He’s a student”. Please repeat. “He’s a student”. “He’s a student”. Same thing. “She’s a student”. Please repeat. “She’s a student”. “She’s a student”. Okay. The next sentence has ‘it’. Now remember, ‘it’ is only used for a place,

a thing or an animal. So we can’t have those things be a student. So we have to say, “It’s a dog”. Okay, please repeat. “It’s a dog”. “It’s a dog”. Okay, the next one. “You’re a student”. Please repeat. “You’re a student”. “You’re a student”. Okay. Now let’s look at ‘we’re’. “We’re students”. Okay. We took out the ‘a’ and we put an ‘s’ because ‘we’re’ means many people. Not one student, but many students. So, we have to say, “we’re students”. Please repeat. “We’re students”. “We’re students”. The same thing goes for ‘they’. Again, ‘they’ means many people…or

many things. Here, we put ‘s’. And we took out the ‘a’. So, “they’re students”. Please repeat. “They’re students”. “They’re students”. Okay, we’re going to look at some more examples. Please listen and repeat carefully. Let’s start with the first one: “I’m”. “I’m a boy”. “I’m a boy”. “I’m a girl”. “I’m a girl”. “He’s”. “He’s a man”. “He’s a man”. “He’s a boy”. “He’s a boy”. “She’s”. “She’s a woman”. “She’s a woman”. “She’s a girl”. “She’s a girl”. “It’s”. “It’s a chair”. “It’s a chair”. “It’s a cat”. “It’s a cat”. “You’re”. “You’re a singer”. “You’re a singer”.

“You’re a friend”. “You’re a friend”. “We’re”. “We’re sisters”. “We’re sisters”. “We’re brothers”. “We’re brothers”. “They’re”. “They’re people”. “They’re people”. “They’re cars”. “They’re cars”. Well I hope that this video helped you understand how to use subjective pronouns, their ‘be’ verbs, and also contractions. Now, before we go, I wanted to share a little bit about myself using the lesson. So, first, remember, “I’m a…”. “I’m a girl”. Also, “I’m a teacher”. “I’m an American”. Now, the word ‘American’ starts with the vowel ‘a’, so we have to say ‘an’. “I’m an American”. And “I’m an animal lover”. Again, same

thing. ‘Animal’ starts with the vowel ‘a’, so we have to put ‘an’. “I’m an animal lover”. And that means someone who loves animals. I love dogs and cats and other animals. So, “I’m an animal lover”. Okay. Well, that’s it and thank you for watching. And I’ll see you guys next time. Bye. Hi, everybody. In this video, we’re going to talk about subjective pronouns, ‘be’ verbs, and how to use them with the word ‘not’. Okay. So, let’s look at the board to help us out. Now the first sentence says, “I’m not a student”. ‘Not’ means it’s

not true. No. So remember, “I’m a student” means ‘yes’. “I’m a student”. I go to school, and I learn. “I’m not a student” means ‘no’. “I’m a teacher” or “No, I’m not a student”. Okay. Now, notice, we first have the subjective pronoun and the ‘be’ verb. Then, we put ‘not’. Okay. ‘Not’ comes after. And then we have the noun. Okay. “I’m not a student”. Okay. Now, also, listen carefully. “Not a…” sounds like one word. “I’m not a student”. “Not a…”. “I’m not a student”. Okay, let’s look at the next one. “He’s not a student”. “He’s

not a student”. “She’s not a student”. “She’s not a student”. “It’s not a dog”. Remember, ‘it’ is used for place, thing or animal. So, “It’s not a dog”. Okay. “You’re not a student”. “You’re not a student”. Okay, the next one is a little bit different. We have ‘we are’. “We’re”. Now, remember, ‘we’ means more than one. Many. Okay. So we say “students”. We put an ‘s’ and we don’t put an ‘a’ in front. “We’re not students”. “We’re not students”. Okay. And ‘they’re’ is the same thing. It means more than one. So, “They’re not students”. “They’re

not students”. Okay, we’re going to look at some more examples. I want you to listen carefully and repeat after the examples. Let’s start with the first one. “I’m not”. “I’m not a boy”. “I’m not a boy”. “I’m not a girl”. “I’m not a girl”. “He’s not”. “He’s not a man”. “He’s not a man”. “He’s not a boy”. “He’s not a boy”. “She’s not”. “She’s not a woman”. “She’s not a woman”. “She’s not a girl”. “She’s not a girl”. “It’s not”. “It’s not a chair”. “It’s not a chair”. “It’s not a cat”. “It’s not a cat”.

“You’re not”. “You’re not a singer” “You’re not a singer”. “You’re not a friend”. “You’re not a friend”. “We’re not”. “We’re not sisters”. “We’re not sisters”. “We’re not brothers”. “We’re not brothers”. “They’re not”. “They’re not people”. “They’re not people”. “They’re not cars”. “They’re not cars”. Okay, so in this video, we learned how to use subjective pronouns with the ‘be’ verb and how to use them with the word ‘not’. Okay. So, I wrote some sentences about myself using what we learned. So remember, “I’m not a…”. Okay. “I’m not a boy”. “I’m not a boy”. “I’m not a

student”. “I’m not a student”. “I’m not a Canadian”. “I’m not a Canadian”. And the last one. “I’m not a loser”. “I’m not a loser”. Okay. So that was a little bit about me. Thanks for watching and I’ll see you guys next time. Bye. Hi, everybody. In this video, I’m going to talk about how to make questions using subjective pronouns and ‘be’ verbs. Okay. So, let’s take a look at the board. So, this example sentence says. “I’m a student”. Okay. Remember, “I’m” is just a contraction for “I am”. Okay. So, “I’m a student”. “I am a

student”. They mean the same thing. Now when we want to make a question, we just have to make a simple change. It’s very easy. All you have to do is put the ‘be’ verb in the front. Okay. So, “Am I a student?”. “Am I a student?”. The ‘be’ verb comes in the front. Okay. I also want you to listen to my intonation. When I say it in a sentence, “I’m a student”. “I’m a student”. Okay, then when I say it in a question. “Am I a student?”. “Am I a student?”. Notice my intonation goes up

for the question. Okay, now there are two possible answers for this question. “Am I a student?”. The answers you can say are: “Yes, I am”. “Yes, I am”. Okay. And, “No, I’m not”. “No, I’m not”. Okay. We’re going to look at some more examples. Please make sure you repeat after each example. Let’s look at the first one. “Am I…?”. “Am I a girl?”. “Yes, I am”. “Am I a boy?”. “No, I’m not”. “Am I a singer?”. “Yes, I am”. “Am I a friend?”. “No, I’m not”. Now, we’re going to talk about “he is” and “she

is” and how to use them in questions. So let’s look at the sentence on the board. “He’s a doctor”. Or… “She’s a doctor”. Remember, “he’s” and “she’s” are contractions for “he is” and “she is”. The ‘be’ verb there is ‘is’. So, when we make a question, we have to move the ‘be’ verb to the front. Okay. So we put ‘is’ in the front. “Is he a doctor?”. “Is she a doctor?”. Okay. Very easy. Just put the ‘be’ verb in the front. Now I want you to listen to the intonation again. “He’s a doctor”. Okay. The

intonation is going down. “Is he a doctor?”. In the question, again, the intonation goes up. Okay. Now when you answer, they are several possible answers you can give. So… “Yes, he is”. Or… “Yes, she is”. Okay. That’s easy. When you come to know, this is where it gets a little tricky, but you can do it. “No, he isn’t”. Okay, “isn’t” is a contraction for “is not”. Okay. “No, he isn’t”. Or… “No, she isn’t”. Okay, so you can use “she isn’t”, “he isn’t”. Another answer you can give is “No, he’s not”. Or… “No, she’s not”. You

already know this is a contraction for ‘he is’ and ‘she is’. So, “No, he’s not”. “No, she’s not”. Okay. So these are both common. And they’re both ok to use. Okay. So, remember, we can give two different answers for ‘no’. Alright, now we’re going to look at some more examples. Please make sure you repeat after each example. “Is he…?”, “Is she…?”. “Is he a man?” “Yes, he is”. “Is he a cowboy?”. “No, he isn’t.” “Is she a woman?” “Yes, she is”. “Is she a cowgirl?”. “No, she’s not. Now, we’re going to move on to ‘it

is’. Okay. And how to use that in a question. So, let’s look at the board. “It’s a dog”. Okay, we have the contraction “it’s”. Remember, “it’s” is a contraction for “it is”. The ‘be’ verb is ‘is’. When we make a question, remember, we have to put the ‘be’ verb in the front. “Is it a dog?” “Is it a dog?” Okay. The intonation goes up for the question. “Is it a dog?” Okay. Now, there are several answers you can give. The first one is “Yes, it is”. “Yes, it is”. Okay. When you say “no”, you can

give two answers. “No, it isn’t”. “No, it isn’t”. Remember, “isn’t” is a contraction for “is not”. Okay. We can also say “No, it’s not”. “No, it’s not”. “It’s” is a contraction for “it is”. Okay. So again, remember, we have these two answers for ‘no’, but they’re both common and they’re both ok to use when you say “no”. Okay. We’re going to look at some more examples. Please make sure you follow and repeat after each one. “Is it…?”. “Is it a book?”. “Yes, it is”. “Is it a chair?”. “No, it isn’t”. “Is it a shoe?”. “Yes,

it is”. “Is it a car?”. “No, it’s not”. Now, we’re going to move on to “you are” and put that in a question. Okay. On the board the sentence says. “You’re a boy”. Remember, “you’re” is a contraction for “you are”. The ‘be’ verb is ‘are’. So we have to put that in the front of the question. “Are you a boy?” “Are you a boy?” Okay. When we answer, it’s very simple. We can say, “Yes, I am” or “No, I’m not”. Okay. We’re going to look at some more examples. Please follow and repeat after each one.

“Are you…?” “Are you a Korean?” “Yes, I am.” “Are you a clown?” “No, I’m not.” “Are you a nurse?” “Yes, I am.” “Are you a dancer?” “No, I’m not.” Now, let’s talk about “we are” and how to use that in a question. Okay. So the sentence here says, “We’re teachers”. Okay. “We’re” is a contraction from “we are”. So the ‘be’ verb ‘are’ goes in the front. “Are we teachers?” “Are we teachers?” Okay. When we answer, we can say several things. “Yes, we are.” “Yes, we are.” Or… “No, we aren’t.” Listen… “aren’t.” “No, we aren’t.” “Aren’t”

is a contraction for “are not”. Or we can say, “No, we’re not”. “No, we’re not”. And you know “We’re” is a contraction for “we are”. Okay. We’re going to look at some more examples. Please repeat after each one. “Are we…?” “Are we boys?” “Yes, we are.” “Are we girls?” “No, we aren’t.” “Are we friends?” “Yes, we are.” “Are we pro-gamers?” “No, we aren’t.” Now, we’re moving on to ‘they are’ in a question. The sentence on the board says, “They’re friends”. Remember, ‘They’re’ is a contraction for ‘they are’. The ‘be’ verb ‘are’ goes in the front

of the question. “Are they friends?” “Are they friends?” Okay. Now when we answer, we can say, “Yes, they are.” “Yes, they are.” Or, we can say, “No, they aren’t.” “No, they aren’t.” ‘Aren’t’ is a contraction for ‘are not’. The last thing we can say is “No, they’re not”. “No, they’re not.” ‘They’re’ is a contraction for ‘they are’. These two answers for ‘no’ are both correct. And they’re both common. So you can say either one. Okay. We’re going to look at some more examples now. Please repeat after each example. “Are they…?” “Are they tourists?” “Yes, they

are.” “Are they dogs?” “No, they aren’t.” “Are they computers?” “Yes, they are.” “Are they birds?” “No, they’re not.” Okay. In this lesson, we learned how to change a subjective pronoun and a ‘be’ verb into a question. Remember, when you’re making a question, you have to put the ‘b’ verb in the beginning. Okay. Alright, that’s the end of this video. Thanks for watching. Bye. Okay, so this is a review video. We learned about subjective pronouns and ‘be’ verbs. We also learned how to use them in a negative sentence and in a question. So, let’s look at

the board for review. “I am a teacher.” Remember, ‘am’ is the ‘be’ verb. “I am a teacher.” Okay, we also learned contractions: “I’m”. “I’m a teacher.” “I’m a teacher.” Okay, this is a negative sentence. “I’m not a teacher.” “I’m not a teacher.” Remember, ‘not’ goes after the ‘be’ verb. Okay. And here’s a question. “Am I a teacher?” “Am I a teacher?” Remember, the ‘be’ verb comes in the front for a question. Okay. We’re going to listen to some more examples. I want you to repeat after each one. Okay. Let’s look at some examples. “He is

a king.” “He is a king.” “He’s a king.” “He’s a king.” “He’s not a king.” “He’s not a king.” “Is he a king?” “Is he a king?” Next. “She is a queen.” “She is a queen.” “She’s a queen.” “She’s a queen.” “She’s not a queen.” “She’s not a queen.” “Is she a queen?” “Is she a queen?” Next. “It is a monkey.” “It is a monkey.” “It’s a monkey.” “It’s a monkey.” “It’s not a monkey.” “It’s not a monkey.” “Is it a monkey?” “Is it a monkey?” Next. “You are a cook.” “You are a cook.” “You’re

a cook.” “You’re a cook.” “You’re not a cook.” “You’re not a cook.” “Are you a cook?” “Are you a cook?” Next. “We are friends.” “We are friends.” “We’re friends.” “We’re friends.” “We’re not friends.” “We’re not friends.” “Are we friends?” “Are we friends?” And last. “They are monkeys.” “They are monkeys.” “They’re monkeys.” “They’re monkeys.” “They’re not monkeys.” “They’re not monkeys.” “Are they monkeys?” “Are they monkeys?” So that was our review of subjective pronouns, ‘be’ verbs, How to use them with ‘not’, and how to use them in questions. I really hope that you repeated each example that

I gave because pronunciation is very important. Now, if you didn’t, you should go back and watch it again and repeat. Okay. Well that’s all. Thank you. Bye. This is a checkup for subjective pronouns and ‘be’ verbs. Let’s take a look at the board. The first sentence. “___, are bags.” Now, bags are things. So we can’t say “he” or “she” or, you know, any of those. We have to use “it” or “they”. Now, we have “are…. bags”. With an ‘s’. So that means more than one. We have to use ‘they’. “They are bags.” Okay. The next

sentence we have an animal. “____ is a dog.” Okay. But just one. Right? ’a’ dog. So this time we use ‘it’. “It is a dog.” Now let’s look at these two. “The girl is an artist.” We have ‘the girl’. What is the subjective pronoun for one girl? “She.” “She is an artist.” These two sentences have the same meaning. They’re the same. Okay, and on the bottom, we have a question. When we ask a question, we have to put the ‘be’ verb first. “Are ___ pandas?” “Are ___ pandas?” With an ‘s’. That means more than one.

So, we say, “they”. “Are they pandas?” “Yes, ____ are.” Again plural. So we just use the same. “They.” “Yes, they are.” Okay, let’s move on to the next part. Okay, now we’re going to focus on negatives and questions. Okay, the first sentence says, “I’m a student”. Okay, “I am…I’m a student”. Okay. What if I’m a teacher? Okay, it’s not true. I need ‘not’. Right… Remember, ‘not’ goes after the ‘be’ verb. “I am…am not.” And then the noun. “…a student.” “I’m not a student.” Okay. “They are teachers.” Okay. And now we have some other people... and

that’s not true. “They are not teachers.” Again, after the ‘be’ verb ‘are’ and before the noun ‘teachers’. “They are not teachers.” Okay. Now, I’m going to ask you a question. And you have to answer. “Are you a student?” “Are you a student?” Well, you’re taking my class, you’re learning English. So, “Yes, I am.” Okay, you should say, “Yes, I am.” But how about this one? “Are you a monkey?” “Are you a monkey?” Of course the answer is “No, I’m not”. “No, I’m not”. Okay, let’s move on to the last part. Now for this last part,

we’re going to look at some sentences, but there’s something wrong in all of these sentences. So you have to find the mistakes. The first sentence says, “I’m student”. Okay, look, “student”. There’s no ‘s’. That means just one. Just one. So remember, if there’s just one, we have to put ‘a’. “I’m a student.” Let’s look at the next one. “They are student”. Okay. This one says, “They are”. This means there is more than one. More than one student. So, what do we have to do? We have to say “They are…. students”. We have to put an

‘s’ to show there’s more than one student. “She aren’t a baby.” “She.” That’s one person. One girl or woman. “…a baby.” That’s one person. But we put “aren’t”. Now that’s wrong. We have to say... ‘isn’t’. “She isn’t a baby”. “You isn’t a cat”. Now, for the subjective pronoun ‘you’, we have to have the ‘be’ verb ‘are’. So not “You isn’t a cat”, but “You aren’t... a cat”. “You aren’t a cat.” Okay. “Are it a cat?” Okay. “…a cat.” That’s one animal. So, do we need ‘are’? No, we need the ‘be’ verb ‘is’. “Is it a

cat?” “Is it a cat?” Okay, so that was the checkup for subjective pronouns and ‘be’ verbs. I hope you guys understood and I’ll see you in the next video. Bye. Hi, everybody. In this video, we’re going to learn how to make questions using ‘what’ and ‘be’ verbs. Okay. Now when we have one thing, we have to use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’. “What is it?” “What is it?” “It is a watch.” “It is a watch.” It’s one thing, so I have to say ‘a’. “a watch.” I can also use the contraction for ‘it is’, “it’s”. Okay,

now listen. “It’s a ….” “It’s a ….” “It’s a watch.” “It’s a watch.” “What is it?” “What is it?” “It’s a marker.” “It’s a marker.” Okay. Now, there are two highlighters. Okay, two. We use ‘are’. “What are they?” “What are they?” “They are highlighters.” “They are highlighters.” We have more than one, so we have to say “are”. And we have to put an ‘s’ at the end. Again, we can use a contraction for ‘they are’: “they’re”. “They’re highlighters.” “They’re highlighters.” “What are they?” “What are they?” “They’re markers.” “They’re markers.” Okay. We’re going to look at

some examples and I’m going to ask some questions. We please try to answer them. Listen carefully and answer with “It’s a” or “They’re”. Let’s look at the first one. “What is it?” “What is it?” “It’s a key.” “It’s a key.” “What are they?” “What are they?” “They’re keys.” “They’re keys.” “What is it?” “What is it?” “It’s a chair.” “It’s a chair.” “What are they?” “What are they?” “They’re chairs.” “They’re chairs.” “What is it?” “What is it?” “It’s a cat.” “It’s a cat.” “What are they?” “What are they?” “They’re cats.” “They’re cats.” “What is it?” “What

is it?” “It’s a house.” “It’s a house.” “What are they?” “What are they?” “They’re houses.” “They’re houses.” Now let’s focus on pronunciation and saying these fast. Okay. English speakers speak very quickly, so you have to practice as well. Okay. “What is it?” Okay, let’s try it faster three times. “What is it?” “What is it?” “What is it?” It sounds like one word. Okay, and the answer is also very fast. “It’s a…” “It’s a…” “It’s a…” “It’s a pencil.” “It’s a chair.” “It’s a marker.” Okay. When we have more than one, we say, “What are they?”.

Let’s do it fast three times. “What are they?” “What are they?” “What are they?” Okay. And when you answer. “They’re…” “They’re pencils” “They’re chairs” “They’re markers” Okay, so this video was ‘what’ and ‘be’ verbs. I hope you understood, and I’ll see you in the next video. Bye. Hi, everybody, and welcome. In this video, we’re going to talk about ‘this’ and ‘that’. Now ‘this’ and ‘that’ are used to talk about nouns That are close to us, near or far away. Okay. So let’s look at the board. “This is a flower.” Okay, we use ‘this’ to talk

about one noun, “a flower”, that is close. Okay. “This is a flower.” It’s not far. It’s close. “That is a flower.” Okay, we use ‘that’ to talk about one noun that’s far away. So, “That… that is a flower”. Okay. For another example… “This is a marker.” It’s close to me. But “That… that is a marker”. It’s far away. Okay, let’s move on to the next part. So we know… “This is a flower.” Okay. And “That is a flower... that”. Now, “Is this a flower”? “What is it?” “It’s a chair.” So we have to use the

negative. “This isn’t a flower.” It’s close by, but it isn’t a flower. ‘isn’t’ is a contraction for ‘is not’. Okay. “This isn’t a flower.” “This is a chair.” “That isn’t a flower.” It’s far away, so we say “that”. Again, we have ‘isn’t’, ‘a flower’. “That’s a chair.” And let’s take another example. “This isn’t a pencil.” “This is a marker.” And… “That isn’t a pencil.” “That is a marker.” Okay, let’s move on to the next part. Now we’re going to learn how to use ‘this’ and ‘that’ in a question. Okay. So we know, “This is a

flower”. When we make a question, we have to switch. We put the ‘be’ verb first. So it becomes, “Is this a flower?”. Okay, it’s close by. So the answer is, “Yes, it is”. Okay. “Is that a flower?” It’s far away. The answer is, “Yes, it is”. Okay, but how about this? “This isn’t a flower.” So... “Is this a flower?”. The answer is, “No, it isn’t”. “Is that a flower?” “No, it isn’t.” Okay, here. “Is this a marker?”. “Yes, it is.” “Is that a marker?”. “Yes, it is.” “Is this a pencil?”. “No, it isn’t.” “Is that

a pencil?”. “No, it isn’t.” Okay, so we learned ‘this’ and ‘that’ in this video. I hope you guys understand and I’ll see you in the next video. Bye. Hi, everybody and welcome to this video. We’re going to talk about how to use ‘these’ and ‘those’. Okay. Uhhh, just like we learned with ‘this’ and ‘that’, we use ‘these’ and ‘those’ to talk about nouns that are close to us or far from us. Okay. So, let’s take a look at the board. Now, we know if there is just one, and it’s close to us, We say, “This

is a flower”. Okay. But there’s more than one. It’s plural. So we have to say, “These”. “These are flowers.” Again, more than one. Now, I change the ‘be’ verb to ‘are’ and I added an ‘s’ at the end of ‘flower’. So, “These are flowers.” Okay. Now, there’s one that’s far away. We say, “That is a flower.” But, again, there’s more than one. There are two flowers. So, in that case, we use, “Those are flowers.” “Those are flowers.” They’re far away. “Those are flowers.” Let’s look at these. “This is a marker.” “These are markers.” “That is

a marker.” “Those are markers.” Okay. Let’s move on to the next part. So we know “These are flowers”. They’re close by. And for the flowers that are far away, we say, “Those are flowers”. Okay. But over here we have ‘chairs’. So, we have to use the negative. Okay. We use the contraction ‘aren’t’ which is short for ‘are not’. “These aren’t flowers.” “These aren’t flowers. Okay, and for the chairs that are far away, we say, “Those aren’t flowers”. “Those aren’t flowers.” Okay, and let’s try with the markers. “These aren’t pens.” “These aren’t pens.” Okay, and far

away. “Those aren’t pens.” “Those aren’t pens.” Okay, let’s move on to the next part. Okay, now we’re going to make some questions. We know, “These are flowers”. When you want to make a question, you have to change ‘these are’ and put the ‘be’ verb first. So, it becomes, “Are these flowers?”. “Are these flowers?” And the answer is “Yes, they are.” Okay, now the flowers are far away. So we say, “Are those flowers?”. “Are those flowers?” And again, the answer is “Yes, they are.” Okay. Now here, we have chairs. “Are these flowers?” The answer is “No,

they aren’t.” Okay, now they’re far away. “Are those flowers?” And again, the answer is “No, they aren’t.” How about these? “Are these markers?” “Yes, they are.” “Are those markers?” “Yes, they are.” “Are these pens?” “No, they aren’t.” “Are those pens?” “No, they aren’t.” Okay, so in this video, we learned how to use ‘these’ and ‘those’. I hope you guys understand and I’ll see you in the next video. Bye. Let’s do some practice with ‘this’, ‘that’, ‘these’, and ‘those’. First, I have this pen. I have to say, “This is a pen.” “This is a pen.” Okay.

Over there, “That is a pen.” “That is a pen.” Now, I have two pens. “These are pens.” “These are pens.” Okay, I’m going to move them far away. “Those are pens.” “Those are pens.” Okay, let’s move on to questions. I have one pen. “Is this a pen?” “Yes, it is.” “Is this a cookie?” “No, it isn’t.” “Is that a pen?” “Yes, it is.” “Is that a cookie?” “No, it isn’t.” Okay, two pens. “Are these pens?” “Yes, they are.” “Are these cookies?” “No, they aren’t.” Okay, now they’re over here. “Are those pens?” Yes, they are?” “Are

those cookies?” “No, they aren’t.” Okay, so that was our practice for ‘this’, ‘that’, ‘these’, and ‘those’. I hope you guys understood and I’ll see you in the next video. Bye. Hi, everybody. In this video, we’re going to learn about possessive adjectives. We use possessive adjectives to show that something belongs to me, or something belongs to someone else. I own something or someone owns something. Okay. So let’s take a look at the board. Now last time we learned about subjective pronouns and here they are. ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, ‘you’, ‘we’, ‘they’. And here are the possessive

adjectives. Okay. ‘My’. We use ‘my’ to show that something belongs to me. Okay. ‘His’. This means that something belongs to one man or one boy. ‘Her’. We use that to show something belongs to one woman or one girl. ‘Its’. We use ‘its’ to show that something belongs to an animal. We use ‘your’ to show that something belongs to you. Okay. ‘Our’. ‘Our’ means that something belongs to me and you or me and somebody else. Okay, or me and other people. Okay, and last. We use ‘their’ to show that something belongs to many people. Okay, not

me, but many people. Okay, now I want you to pay attention to three special words. ‘Its’, ‘your’ and ‘their’. Now I want you to notice these words sound like other words. So you have to be careful not to get them confused. And I’m going to explain. ‘Its’ sounds like the contraction for ‘it is’; ‘it’s’. Okay, so, don’t get that confused. ‘Your’ sounds like the contraction for ‘you are’ ‘you’re’. Okay. So make sure you use this one to show possession. Okay. And the last word, ‘their’, it actually sounds like two other words. The contraction for ‘they

are’ ‘they’re’ or the word t-h-e-r-e, the other word ‘there’. Okay. So please don’t get those confused. Now I know all of this sounds very hard, but if you practice with me, I’m sure you’ll understand. So let’s move on to the next part. Okay, let’s practice together. Now, here I have a marker. It belongs to me. So, I have to say, “This is my marker.” “This isn’t your marker.” “This is my marker.” Okay, let’s look at this boy. He has a hat. So, I have to say, “This is his hat.” “This is his hat.” “This isn’t

my hat.” “This isn’t your hat.” Okay. And this girl has a dress. So, “This is her dress.” “This is her dress.” “This isn’t my dress.” “This isn’t your dress.” Okay, in this picture there’s an animal; a dog…and it has a ball. I have to say, “This is its ball.” “This is its ball.” “This isn’t my ball.” and “This isn’t your ball.” Now, in this picture, we have two people. Okay, and they both own this house. So, “This is their house.” “This is their house.” Okay, now a little bit farther away, we have three books. Okay.

And this boy and girl have the books here. So, we have to say “those”. And because we have more than one, We have to use ‘are’. Okay. “Those are their books.” “Those are their books.” “Those aren’t my books.” “Those aren’t your books.” Okay. And the last one. Here’s the county Korea. Okay, we all live here. So we say, “This is our country.” “This is our country.” Okay, let’s move on to the next part for some more practice. Here are some practice sentences. We’re going to put possessive adjectives on these lines. Okay. So, let’s try together.

“I put candy in ____ mouth.” Okay, this is a mouth. “I put candy in ……” What should we put? “my mouth.” Okay, next. “John.” John is one man or boy. “John lost ____ bag.” Okay, for one man or boy, we say, “his”. “John lost his bag.” Okay, “The parents…” That’s more than one person. That’s two people. So, “The parents love ____ baby.” We have to put… “their”. “The parents love their baby.” Okay. And here, “The dog…” Okay, ‘the dog’ is an animal. So, “The dog eats ____ food.” What do we put? We have to say,

“its”. “The dog eats its food.” Okay, let’s look at some more examples. Let’s continue. “_____ names are Paul and Sam.” Okay, we have two people, Paul, and Sam. And the plural names. So we have to say, “Their”. “Their names are Paul and Sam.” Okay. “Can I use ____ phone?” Okay, I’m asking you. So I have to say, “Can I use… your phone?” Okay. And the next one. “_____ make-up looks good.” Whose make-up? Well, usually girls or women wear make-up. So, I’m going to say, “Her make-up looks good.” Okay, and… “_____ videos are helpful to you.”

Okay, these are the videos that we make. Right? We teach English in these videos. So, the answer is “our”. “Our videos are helpful to you.” Or we sure hope they are. Okay, so in this video, we learned how to use possessive adjectives. Don’t forget you have to put a noun after each one. I hope you understand, and I hope to see you in the next video. Bye. Hi, everybody and welcome. In this video, we’re going to learn about possessive pronouns. Okay. And we use possessive pronouns to show that something belongs to us or something is

owned by us. Okay, or someone else. So, let’s take a look at the board. Now, last time we learned about subjective pronouns. And here they are. Okay. And in another video, we talked about possessive adjectives. And here they are. Okay. And over here are the possessive pronouns that we’re going to talk about in this video. Now, possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns are the same. They show possession. Which means, I own something. Something belongs to me…or to someone else. Okay. The only difference is that they’re used a little differently. For possessive adjectives, you have to put

a noun after. Okay. “My dog.” Okay. But for possessive pronouns, you don’t have to put a noun after it. Okay, you can just say “mine”. Okay. So let’s go through each one. “My" "Mine” Okay. And this is the same. “His" "His” Okay. For ‘her’, we say “hers”. We add an ‘s’. “Hers” “Its" "Its” Again, it’s the same. “Your" "Yours” We have to put an ‘s’. “Yours” “Our" "Ours” and “Their" "Theirs” Okay, again, I know that this can be really confusing, but let’s practice some more. Okay. And let’s move on to the next part. Okay, let’s

practice together. Now, “This is my marker.” But with possessive pronouns, you do not have to put a noun after. Okay, so I can say, “This is mine.” “This isn’t yours.” “This is mine.” Okay, let’s look at the board. This boy has a hat. So we say, “This is his.” “This isn’t mine.” “This isn’t yours.” “This is his.” The girl has a dress. “This is hers.” “This isn’t mine.” “This isn’t yours.” “This is hers.” Okay. Now with ‘its’, it’s kind of different. Okay. You still have to put a noun, so you can’t say, “This is its.”

You have to say, “This is its ball.” Again, “This is its ball.” “This isn’t mine.” “This isn’t yours.” “This is its ball.” Okay. Now we have two people who have a house. “This is theirs.” “This isn’t mine.” “This isn’t yours.” “This is theirs.” Okay. Now over here, we have some books and we’re going to say that they belong to these two people. Okay. So we’re going to use the plural ‘be’ verb; ‘are’. Okay. “These are theirs.” “These aren’t mine.” “These aren’t yours.” “These are theirs.” Okay. And last, we have a picture of Korea. Okay. “This

is ours.” “This is ours.” Okay, let’s move on to the next part. Okay, let’s look at these examples. We have to put in some possessive pronouns. Okay. “That lipstick is _____.” Okay, well we have the noun ‘lipstick’ and usually a girl or woman wears lipstick, so we’re going to use the possessive pronoun ‘hers’. Okay. “That lipstick is hers.” Okay. The next sentence. “That sports car is _____.” Okay. Again, usually a man will drive a sports car. So, we can say, “That sports car is his.” Okay. Now, let’s look at these last two. “This money is

mine, not yours.” “This money is mine; it belongs to me.” “It doesn’t belong to you.” Not yours. Okay. And the last one. “Dokdo is ours.” It’s Koreas. Right… “Not theirs.” Not Japan’s. “It belongs to us.” So we say, “It’s ours.” Okay, so in this video, we learned possessive pronouns. I hope you understand, and I’ll see you in the next video. Bye. This is a checkup for ‘this’, ‘that’, ‘these’, ‘those’, possessive adjectives, and possessive pronouns. Okay. Now here, I want you to focus on ‘this’, ‘that’, ‘these’, and ‘those’. Okay, so here’s the first example. We have

a dog. One dog. So we have to use ‘this’ or ‘that’. Okay. If it’s close, I say, “This is a dog.” If it’s far away, I say, “That is a dog.” So, I’m going to write ‘this’. Okay. The next one says, “…are balloons.” “…are balloons.” With an ‘s’. There’s more than one. So can we use ‘this’ or ‘that’? No. We have to use ‘these’ or ‘those’. So, if it’s close, I say “These are balloons.” If they are far, “Those are balloons.” Okay. So let’s write ‘those’. “Those are balloons.” Okay. Now when we ask the question,

“Are these pens?” we have more than one. “These pens.” With an ‘s’. Okay. I can put two answers here. “No, ___ aren’t.” I can say “No, these aren’t.” Or… I can say “No, they..." more than one "... they aren’t.” Okay. The next one. “These ____ eyes.” We need a ‘be’ verb. Okay. There’s more than one, right. There are two eyes. So, “These are eyes.” Okay. And here “…is a nose.” One. A nose. And it’s close. So, I have to say, “This is a nose.” Okay, let’s move on to the next part. We’re going to do

some more checkup. Now here, I want you to focus on possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns. Let’s look at the first example. “These are my pen.” Okay. We have ‘these…are’. This means we need more than one. Right… More than one pen. So, we have to put ‘s’. “These are my pens.” Okay. Let’s look at these two together. “Those aren’t her children.” Okay. So we can also say, “Those aren’t ____.” What do we put? “… her children.” We can always say, “Those aren’t hers.” Okay. We don’t need a noun here. We do need a noun over here,

though. Okay. Then, “Is it yours?” “Is it yours?” “Yes, it’s _____.” There’s no noun. We have to say… “mine”. “Is it yours?” “Yes, it’s mine.” Okay. And the last two… ” _____ these his shoes?” We need a ‘be’ verb here. ” _____ these his shoes?” We have ‘these’, and we have ‘shoes’ with an ‘s’. So we need the plural ‘be’ verb. “Are”. “Are these his shoes?” Okay. And the answer. “No, they…” Plural. “…are.” We have ‘no’. “No, they aren’t” Okay. “Are not, aren’t”. Okay. Let’s move on to the next part. For this last part, we’re

going to look at these sentences. But they’re all wrong. They all have mistakes. So you have to find the mistakes for me. Okay. So, the first one says, “That are chairs.” Hmmmm, we know that’s wrong. ‘That’ is used for singular nouns. One. But it says “are” and it says “chairs” with an ‘s’. So, we have to change this word. We can say, “These are chairs.” or “Those are chairs.” Okay. “This book is my.” Hmm. We have the possessive pronoun ‘my’. But remember, you have to have a noun after, But there’s no noun. So, we can

change this to the possessive adjective ‘mine’. Okay. You don’t need a noun if you say ‘mine’. Okay. “That is he house.” Hmm. We want to show that this house belongs to this man or boy. “That is he house.” But this word ‘he’, does not show possession. Okay. So, we say, “This is his house.” ‘His’, then the noun ‘house’. Similarly, for the next one. “She name is Jenny.” We want to show that this name belongs to Jenny. So, we say… “her”. “Her name is Jenny.” Okay, and the last one is also similar. “It’s ours house.” Now,

if we don’t have ‘house’, “It’s ours.” We can say that. But since we have a noun, … We use the possessive pronoun, “It’s ‘our’ house.” Okay. That was the checkup for possessive pronouns, possessive adjectives, ‘this’, ‘that’, ‘these’, and ‘those’. I hope you understood, and I’ll see you in the next video. Bye. Hi, everybody. In this video, we’re going to talk about the articles; ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’. Now this can be very confusing, so please make sure you pay careful attention. We use articles in front of nouns. Okay, so remember that and let’s look at the

board. First, we use ‘a’ or ‘an’ when we’re talking about any one thing. For example, let’s say I say, “A banana is delicious.” Okay, that means all bananas. Any banana is delicious. “A banana is delicious.” Okay, let’s jump over here. If I’m talking about a specific banana… maybe I have a banana in my hand. It’s specific, not any banana, this one. I have to use ‘the’, “The banana is old.” Okay. This one. I can’t say, “A banana is old.” Then that means all bananas are old. And that’s not true. Just this one. So, I say,

“The banana is old.” Okay, let’s move over here. We also use ‘a’ or ‘an’ when we’re talking about something for the first time. So, I have another example here. “I watched a movie.” Okay. I’m talking about this movie for the first time, so I have to use “…a movie”. But, if I want to talk about this movie again, for the second time, or the third time or fourth, fifth… It doesn’t matter. I have to use ‘the’. “The movie was fun.” I’m talking about this one. The specific. “The movie was fun.” I can’t say, “A movie

was fun.” That means all movies are fun. That’s not true. “The movie was fun.” Okay, and I also use ‘the’ when I’m talking about a noun where there’s only one and only. Okay. For example, there’s only one sun. Okay, when I look at the sky, there’s only one sun. So, I say, “The sun.” “The sun is hot.” I cannot say, “A sun.” That’s wrong. When there’s one and only, we say, “The sun.” Okay. Let’s look at some more examples. The first example says, “A lion is dangerous.” I have to use ‘a’ because I’m talking about

any one lion. Any lion is dangerous. All lions are dangerous. So, I use ‘a’. The next sentence says, “It’s a dog.” I’m talking about this dog for the first time, so I use ‘a’. Now, I’m talking about this dog for the second time. So, I say, “The dog is cute.” Okay. Here’s a similar example. “It’s an ant.” Well, I used ‘an’ because we have ‘ant’, which start with a vowel. And I’m talking about this ant for the first time. “It’s an ant.” Now, I’m talking about this ant again. “The ant is small.” “The ant…”, this

one, “…is small.” Okay, and the last one. “It’s the moon.” I have to say, “the moon” because there’s only one moon. I cannot say, “a moon”. “It’s the moon. The moon…”, only one, “…is round.” Okay. Let’s look at some more examples. Okay, we have some more examples, But this time I want you to think about whether we should put ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’. Okay. So, “I see ____ desk and ___ chair.” We don’t know which desk and chair. And it’s the first time I’m talking about them. So, we have to put ‘a’. “I see a

desk and a chair.” The next one. “I see ____ octopus.” Okay, this is the same. It’s the first time I’m talking about this octopus. So, do I put ‘a’ or ‘an’? Well here we have the vowel ‘o’. So we have to put “‘an’ octopus”. “I see an octopus.” Okay, the next one. “It’s ___ pen.” Okay, it’s the same. It’s the first time, so I say, “a pen”. Now, I’m talking about the pen for the second time. So I say, “The pen is red.” Okay, I’m talking about this one. So I say, “the”. Okay, similarly… “She

is ____ girl.” What do I say? “a girl.” We’re talking about her for the first time. Okay. And now we’re talking about this girl again, for the second time. So, I have to say, “The girl is pretty.” And the last example. “I can see ___ sky.” Now, we only have one sky. Right… So, if there’s only one and only, we have to put the article ‘the’. “I can see the sky.” Okay. So in this video, we talked about the articles ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’. I hope you understand, and I’ll see you in the next video.

Bye. Hi, everybody. In this video, we’re going to talk about the prepositions: in, on and under. Now, we use prepositions to show ‘where’ something is. So, let’s take a look at the board. Okay, now in this picture, we have a cat. Okay, and we’re talking about this specific cat, so we have to say, “the cat”. Okay. “…is in the box.” Okay. The preposition is ‘in’. “He’s ‘in’ the box.” “…’in’ the box.” Okay. And the next one. “The cat is on…” The preposition ‘on’… “the chair”. “He’s on the chair.” Okay. And the next one. “The cat

is ‘under’… ’under’ the table.” “…’under’ the table.” Okay. Let’s look at the next one. Now we have plural nouns. “The apples ‘are’…” Okay. “…in the box.” Again, the apples are “…’in’ the box.” Okay. Next, “The apples are ‘on’ the chair.” And last. “The apples are ‘under’….’under’ the table.” Okay, let’s look at some more examples. Okay, let’s look at some pictures to help us understand the prepositions: in, on, and under. I’m going to ask you some questions. I want you to think about which one you should use. Okay. “Where is the dog?” “Where is the dog?”

“The dog is ‘in’ the doghouse. You should use the preposition ‘in’. “The dog is ‘in’ the doghouse. “Where is the man?” “Where is the man?” “The man is ‘under’ the umbrella.” “The man is ‘under’ the umbrella.” And last. “Where are the girls?” “Where are the girls?” “The girls are ‘on’ the bridge.” “The girls are ‘on’ the bridge.” Okay. Let’s look at some more examples. Now, we’re going to practice asking and answering questions using: in, on and under. First, let’s take a look at this picture. Here we have a rabbit, a chair and one, two, three

snakes. Okay. So, I will ask a question using in, on or under. I want you to think. Is the answer, “Yes, it is.” or “No, it isn’t.” Okay. Let’s start with the rabbit. “Is the rabbit under the chair?” “No, it isn’t.” “Is the rabbit in the chair?” “No, it isn’t.” “Is the rabbit on the chair?” “…on the chair?” “Yes, it is.” Okay. Now, we’re going to move on to the snakes. Now, there are…there are more than one, right, so it’s plural, so we say, “Are the snakes…” with an ‘s’. Okay. So again, think. Is the

answer, “Yes, they are.” or “No, they aren’t.” “Are the snakes in the chair?” “No, they aren’t.” “Are the snakes on the chair?” “No, they aren’t.” “Are the snakes under the chair?” “Yes, they are.” Okay, how did you do? I hope you guys understand how to use the prepositions; in, on and under after watching this video. Thanks for joining and I’ll see you next time. Bye. Hi, everybody. In this video, we’re going to talk about adjectives. Now, we use adjectives to describe nouns or things. Okay, we can describe its size, its color, its shape or other

things like that. Okay. So let’s take a look at the board. The first noun we’re going to use is ‘marker’. “It’s a marker.” Now, I want to use an adjective to describe the color. I'm going to say, “It’s a ‘black’ marker.” ‘Black’ is the adjective. Now notice, I have to put the adjective after the article ‘a’, but before the noun ‘marker’. “It’s a black marker.” Now, I can use another adjective to describe its size. “It’s a long marker.” Okay. Let’s try the next one. Here we have a bird. So, “It’s a bird.” Okay. I want

to use another adjective to describe the color. So, I’m going to say, “It’s a blue bird.” Again, you have to put the adjective after the article, before the noun. I can also describe its size. “It’s a small bird.” ‘Small’ is another adjective. Now, at the last part, we have some apples. Three apples. Okay, remember, when we have more than one noun, it’s called a plural noun. So, we have to say, “They’re apples.”, with an ‘s’. “They’re apples.” I want to use the adjective ‘red’ to describe the color of these apples. So, I’m going to say,

“They’re red apples.” Okay. Here, there’s no article. There’s no ‘a’. That’s because there’s more than one. “They’re red apples.” So, I just have to put the adjective before the noun that it’s describing. “They’re red apples.” Okay, let’s move on to some more examples. Okay. Now we’re going to practice asking and answering questions using adjectives. Okay. So, we have a man here. I want to ask, “Is he a small man?” Okay. We have the adjective ‘small’. Notice, even in a question, we have to put the adjective after the article and before the noun. “Is he a

small man?” Well, let’s take a look at this picture. The answer is, “No, he’s a _____ man.” We need another adjective. He’s not a small man. So, we have to say “No, he’s a… big man.” Okay. We’re going to use the adjective ‘big’. Okay, let’s look at the next one. “Is it a _____ table?” The answer is “Yes, it is.” We need an adjective to describe color, shape or size or something. Well, we can’t really describe the color. So, I think we should try the shape. Okay. Well, “Is it a…. round table?” And the answer

is “Yes, it is.” Okay, and last, we have two dresses. Okay. So that means the noun is plural. In that case, for the questions, we begin with ‘are’. “Are they red dresses?” Okay, the adjective is ‘red’. But, “Are they red dresses?” “No, they’re… Blue dresses.” Okay. “No, they’re…blue dresses.” Okay. So, in this video, we learned about adjectives. I hope you guys understand. And I’ll see you in the next video. Bye. This is a check-up video for articles, prepositions, and adjectives. I’ve written some sentences on the board. Let’s try to finish them together. Okay. The first

sentence says, “It’s __ ___umbrella.” Okay. We have the noun. We need an article and an adjective to describe the umbrella. Okay. So here it is. Let’s describe the color. Okay. We would say ‘black’. Remember, the adjective comes before the noun. Now we need an article. And the correct article is ‘a’. “It’s a black umbrella.” Okay. Next, “It’s ___ ___ ___.” We have three blanks. Here, we have the noun ‘ant’. So, we’re going to put that at the end. Okay. Let’s use the adjective ugly. Okay. Remember, again, the adjective comes before the noun. “…ugly ant.” “It’s

__ ugly ant.” We need an article. Should we use ‘a’ or ‘an’? Well, ‘ugly’ starts with the vowel ‘u’, so we have to say ‘an’. “It’s an ugly ant.” Next. “It’s __ __ __.” Okay. We have the noun ‘car’. So, we put that at the end. Again, let’s use an adjective that describes the color. Let’s use ‘blue’. Okay. What article should we use? We have to say “a”. “It’s a blue car.” Okay, and last. “I __ ___ nice girl.” That’s me. We have the noun ‘girl’…and the adjective ‘nice’. So, we need the article. We’re going

to say “a”. Now, we’re missing one more thing. We need the ‘be’ verb ‘am’. “I am a nice girl.” Okay, let’s move on to the next part. Okay, let’s continue with the checkup. Here’s a picture. Okay. Look at it carefully. “What is it?” “What is it?” “It’s __ banana.” We need an article here. And it’s the first time I’m talking about this, so we’re going to say “a”. “It’s a banana.” “Where is ___ banana?” Now, you know, I’m talking about this one. It’s specific. So, I’m going to use the article ‘the’. “Where is the banana?”

Okay. And now, let’s think about the preposition. “It’s __ the chair.” We need to use the preposition ‘on’. “It’s on the chair.” Okay. Let’s move on. “What are they?” Okay. “They’re ____ oranges.” Okay. We have more than one. That’s why we said, “They are…they’re” and “oranges” …with an ‘s’. Okay. Can we use ‘the’? No, you don’t know what oranges I’m talking about because it’s the first time I said anything about them. Then, can I use ‘a’ or ‘an’? No, ‘a’ or ‘an’ is used for any one thing. So here we do not need any article.

“They’re oranges.” “What are they?” “They’re oranges.” Okay. “Where __ __ oranges?” Okay. Now, again, you know I’m talking about these specific oranges, so we use ‘the’. “Where __ the oranges?” Okay, remember, when you ask a question with plural, you need ‘are’. “Where are the oranges?” Okay. Now, let’s think about the preposition. “They’re ___ the chair.” Okay. The preposition we need is ‘under’. Okay. They’re not ‘on’, “they’re ‘under’ the chair.” Okay, let’s move on to the last part. Okay, let’s continue with the checkup. Now, we have two short stories here. You have to help me find

the mistakes. The first sentence says, “It’s snake.” Well, we’re missing an article. Okay. And that article is ‘a’. “It’s a snake.” Okay. “It’s blue a snake.” Can you find the mistake? Okay. Remember, the adjective ‘blue’ has to go between the article and the noun. So, we have to move the article to the front. “It’s a blue snake.” That is the correct answer. “It’s a blue snake.” Okay, the next one. “The snake under the box.” It sounds right. “The snake under the box.”, but we forgot the ‘be’ verb. “The snake is under the box.” Okay, let’s

move on to the next story. “It’s a octopus.” Okay, we have an article, but octopus starts with the vowel ‘o’. So, we have to use ‘an’. “It’s an octopus.” “An octopus is big.” Hmmm… This one’s a little bit hard. But remember, we’re talking about the same octopus. So now, this octopus is specific. So, we have to change the article ‘an’ to ‘the’. “The octopus is big.” The octopus from the first sentence. Last, “The octopus are under the chair.” What’s the mistake? “The octopus…” There’s only one. So, we don’t use ‘are’, we have to say “is”.

“The octopus is under the chair.” Okay. So that was our checkup for articles, prepositions and adjectives. I hope you guys understand better and I’ll see you in the next video. Thank you. Bye. Hi, everybody. In this video, we’re going to learn ‘have’ and ‘has’. Now we use ‘have’ or ‘has’ to show possession. To show something belongs to you. Okay. So, let’s take a look at the board. Okay. When you’re talking about ‘you’, or me, we say, “I have…” Okay. If something belongs to a boy or man, we say, “He has…” For a girl or a

woman. “She has…” For an animal or thing. “It has…” For you, “You have…” For us. Me and some other people. We say, “We have…” Okay, and some other people. “They have…” Okay. This is very easy, you just have to remember it. Okay. So, let’s practice with these pictures. Here we have a rabbit… and a carrot. So, which one do we have to use? Well, a rabbit is an animal. So, we have to use ‘it’. “It has a carrot.” Again, “It has a carrot.” Now, in this picture, we have two ants. Okay. So, for two things

we have to use ‘they’. Okay. So, here are two ants and an apple. So, we’re going to say, “They have an apple.” “They have an apple.” Okay, let’s move on to some more practice. Let’s do some practice together. You have to think about if we should use ‘have’ or ‘has’ in the blanks. Okay. So, let’s look at the first one. “The girl ‘blank’ long hair.” Okay. Now, ‘the girl’. We can we use instead of the girl? We can say “she”. “She” then what do we say? “Has.” “She has long hair.” Or… “The girl has long

hair.” It’s the same. Okay. The next one. “The boys…” Now, there’s an ‘s’ here. That means there’s more than one boy. When we have more than one thing, what do we use? “They.” Okay. “They…” Do we say ‘have’ or ‘has’? We have to say “have”. “They have caps.” Or… “The boys have caps.” Okay, the next one’s easier. “I…” When we have ‘I’, we say “have”. “I have a friend.” Okay, the next one is also easy. “He…” “He ‘blank’ an umbrella.” What do we have to use? “Has.” “He has an umbrella.” Okay, the next one says,

“The dog ‘blank’ a bone.” “The dog…” What do we use for animals? “It.” “It… has a bone.” Or… “The dog has a bone.” And last. “My mother and I ‘blank’ a car.” Okay, this one’s tricky. “My mother and I…” We have to say “we”. “We…have…a car.” “My mother and I have a car.” Okay. So, I hope you understand how to use ‘have’ and ‘has’. And I’ll see you in the next video. Bye. Hi, everybody. In this video, we’re going to learn negatives with ‘have’ and ‘has’. Now this also pretty easy. You just have to remember

everything that I wrote. Okay. So, let’s take a look at the board. Okay, first, for ‘I’, we use, “I don’t have…” Remember, ‘don’t’ is a contraction for ‘do not’. “I don’t have…” For ‘he, ‘she’ and ‘it’, we use ‘doesn’t have’. ‘Doesn’t’ is a contraction for ‘does not’. “He doesn’t have…” “She doesn’t have…” “It doesn’t have…” Now on the bottom. For ‘you’, ‘we’, ‘they’, it’s the same as ‘I’. We use ‘don’t have’. “You don’t have…” “We don’t have…” and “They don’t have…” So, let’s look at these pictures. Remember, we have a rabbit and a carrot. So,

we said, “It has a carrot.” Okay, but, we’re doing negatives, so we have to say, “It doesn’t have a cake.” “It doesn’t have a cake.” Okay. Now here, we have the ants and an apple. So, we said, “They have an apple.” Okay. But for this banana here, we have to say, “They don’t have a banana.” “They don’t have a banana.” Okay, let’s move on to some more practice. Now let’s try this practice with the negatives ‘doesn’t have’ and ‘don’t have’ together. Now this is a little easy because we know that the second word is have.

All you have to think is should we use ‘doesn’t’ or ‘don’t’. Okay. So, I’m just going to put ‘have’ her first. Okay. “She ‘blank’ have short hair.” Should we use ‘don’t’ or ‘doesn’t’? If you remember, for ‘she’, we use ‘doesn’t’. “She doesn’t have short hair.” Okay. And again, I’m going to put ‘have’ first. This is easy. ‘He’ and ‘she’ we both use ‘doesn’t’. “He doesn’t have an umbrella.” Okay. How about for ‘I’? “I doesn’t have….” Or “I don’t have…”? The correct answer is ‘don’t’. “I don’t have a wife.” “People…” Remember, if we have more than

one person, animal and thing, we have to think of ‘they’. For ‘they’, do we use ‘don’t’ or ‘doesn’t’? Do you remember? The correct answer is ‘don’t’. “People don’t have manners.” Okay. Next. “We…” “We ‘blank’ have money.” Should we put ‘doesn’t’ or ‘don’t’? The correct answer is ‘don’t’. “We don’t have money.” Okay, and the last one. “A snake…” A snake is an animal. What do we use for an animal? “It.” “It…” What should we put here? “It…doesn’t…have legs.” Okay, so that was our practice the negatives ‘don’t have’ and ‘doesn’t have’. I hope you understand, and I’ll

see you in the next video. Bye. Hi, everybody. In this video, we’re going to learn how to ask questions using ‘have’. Okay, let’s look at the board. When we are talking about ‘he’, ‘she’ or ‘it’, the question always begins with ‘does’. After the pronoun, we have ‘have’. So, we say, “Does he have…” “Does she have…” “Does it have…” Now, let’s practice with this question and let’s look at the two answers. Okay. “Does he have a friend?” If the answer is ‘yes’, we say “yes”, in the blank, we match… this has to be the same. “Yes,

he does.” If the answer is ‘no’. “No, he doesn’t.” “Does he have a friend?” “Yes, she does.” “No, she doesn’t.” “Does it have a friend?” “Yes, it does.” “No, it doesn’t.” Okay, so remember ‘does…have’. Now, when we use ‘you’, ‘we’, ‘they’, we use ‘do’ in the front. And ‘have’ after. “Do you have a friend?” “Do we have a friend?” “Do they have a friend?” Okay. And again, we have two answers. We finish with ‘do’ or ‘don’t’. So, “Do you have a friend?” “Yes, I do.” Right, the question is asking ‘you’, so, you say “I do.”

Or, “No, I don’t.” “Do we have a friend?” “Yes, we do.” Or, “No, we don’t.” And last. “Do they have a friend?” “Yes, they do.” “No, they don’t.” Okay, let’s move on to some more practice. Alright, let’s try this practice together. I know it looks hard, but I’m going to help you. Okay. So let’s look at the first practice. It’s a question. Okay, so remember when we ask a question, we begin with ‘do’ or ‘does’. Okay. We have ‘she’. Well, remember for all questions we use ‘have’. In the front, should we use ‘does’ or ‘do’?

The answer is ‘does’. “Does she have a dress?” When we answer, “Yes…” What do we put here? Remember, we put the pronoun ‘she’. And the answer ‘does’. “Yes, she does.” The next one. We have ‘they’. Okay, ‘have’ is again the same. “…have a bicycle?” Okay, what goes in the front? For ‘they’, we use ‘do’. “Do they have a bicycle?” This time the answer is negative. “No, they….” What do we put here? It doesn’t make sense to say, “do”. Right? “No, they do.” That’s wrong. It’s a negative. We have to say, “No, they don’t.” “No, they

do not.” Okay, and again, we have ‘have’ over here. “It…” Which one, ‘do’ or ‘does’? The answer is ‘does’. “Does it have a ball?” Again, the answer is negative. “No, it…does not.” or the contraction, “No, it doesn’t.” Okay. So that was our practice for asking questions with ‘have’. I hope you understand and I’ll see you in the next video. This is a checkup video for 'have', 'has', 'don't have', 'doesn't have' and questions with 'have'. Let's take a look at the board. Here, we have a picture of a dog and a ball. And this ball belongs

to this dog. So let's make a sentence about this picture. Ok... The dog is an animal. So, we have to use 'it'. Ok... With 'it', do we use 'have' or 'has'? We have to use 'has'. "It has a ball." Now, there's a hat, but it says "no". It's negative. So, "It..." Remember, for negative, we always use 'have'. But what goes in the front? 'Doesn't' or 'don't'? For 'it', we say "doesn't". "It doesn't have a hat." Next, we have a question. We use 'have'. Remember, we have to put the pronoun over here. The same one. And

we put 'does' or 'do' in the front. What do you think? We have to say, "does". "Does it have a ball?" Well, "Does it have a ball?" "Yes, it does." Let's move on to the next part. Here we have two people. So, we're going to say "they". And a car...that belongs to them. For 'they', we have to say "have". "They have a car." Here, there's a bus. But, again, it says, "no". Negative. "They 'blank' 'blank' a bus." Again, for negative, we say "have". 'Doesn't have' or 'don't have'? Which one is it? For 'don't'...uhh for 'they',

we say, "They don't have a bus." Ok, and we have a question. Well, again, we have to put the same pronoun. How about in the front? 'Do' or 'does'? For 'they', we put 'do'. "Do they have a bus?" "Do they have a bus?" "No, they don't." Ok, let's move on to some more practice. Ok, now for this practice, we have to find the mistakes in these sentences. What's wrong with them? Ok... So, let's look at the first one. "They has two watches." Hmmmm. Remember, for 'they', we have to use 'have', not 'has'. "They have two

watches." The next one is a question. "Does they have three watches?" Ok... Remember, when we start a question, we have to use 'do' or 'does'. Here we have 'does'. But remember, for 'they', we begin with 'do'. "Do they have three watches?" And in the answer... "No, we don't." What's wrong with this answer? Remember, the pronoun has to match. It has to be the same. "Do they have three watches?" "No, they don't." Let's look at these. "She have a dress." Remember, for 'she', we use 'has'. "She has a dress." How about in the question? "Do she

have a hat?" Remember, we begin with 'do' or 'does', but for 'she', we should begin with 'does'. "Does she have a hat?" And the answer. "No, she do." Hmmm. 'No' means it's negative. So, we need a negative here. Is it 'don't' or 'doesn't'? "No, she.. doesn't." is the correct answer. Okay. So that was our checkup. I hope you understand better. And I'll see you in the next video. Hi, everybody. I’m Esther. Welcome to my English grammar course on the tenses. I’m going to teach you how to use the twelve tenses in the past, present, and

future. It’s a great course, and there’s a lot of important information. So keep watching. Hi, everybody. My name is Esther. I'm so excited to teach you the present simple tense in today's video. Now this lesson can be a little difficult, So I'll do my best to keep it easy and fun for you. My goal is for you to understand how and when to use this grammar by the end of the video. Let's get started. Let's start with the first usage for the present simple tense. The first usage is pretty easy. We use it to talk

about facts, truths, and generalizations. Let's look at some examples. ‘The Sun is bright.’ Now that's a fact. It doesn't change. Everybody knows that the Sun is bright. It was bright yesterday. It's bright today. And it will be bright tomorrow. That makes it a fact. ‘Pigs don't fly.’ That's also a fact. Everybody knows that pigs don't fly. ‘Cats are better than dogs.’ Now this you may not agree with. This is my truth. I'm making a generalization about cats and dogs in this example. And finally, ‘It's cold in winter.’ This really depends on where you live, but

for a lot of people, or let's say for Most people, it is cold in the winter, so that's the truth for some people. Now let's look back and see what verb I used in the present simple tense. For the first sentence, we have ‘is’. I use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’ to talk about the Sun. In the next sentence, I use the negative of do - ‘do not’ And you'll notice I use the contraction and put these two words together to make it ‘don't’. ‘Cats are better than dogs.’ I use the ‘be’ verb "are" to talk

about cats because ‘cats’ is plural. And finally, it's cold and winter. Here I use the ‘be’ verb "is" again, but I use the contraction to combine ‘it’ and ‘is’ And made ‘it’s’. Let's move on to the next usage. We also use the present simple tense to talk about habits and routines. So things and actions that happen regularly. Let’s look at the examples. ‘I always eat lunch at noon.’ You'll notice I use the adverb ‘always’ because I'm talking about something that I do regularly. What is that? ‘Eat lunch at noon.’ So I use the present simple

tense. And here I use the verb ‘eat’. ‘I eat…’ The second example says you play games every day. Do you see the clue that helps you know that this is something that happens regularly? It's ‘every day’. So it's something that happens as a routine or a habit, so you play games. The verb here is ‘play’. ‘You play…’ The next example says ‘Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.’ Again this is something that happens regularly. ‘Seth goes to work at 9:00 a.m.’ every day. Now you'll notice I put a blue line under the ‘s’ in ‘starts’.

Can you figure out why? Well remember that when the subject of a sentence is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’, we need to add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the end of the verb in the present simple tense. Seth is a ‘he’, so we need to add an ‘s’. ‘Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.’ And the last example: ‘They study English every Monday.’ Again, ‘every Monday’ means that they do it regularly, and that's why we use the present simple tense. ‘They study…’. So as a review, remember we use the present simple tense to talk about habits

and routines that happen regularly. Let's move on. We also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs. These are verbs that we don't use in the continuous form, even if they're happening right now. They're also called stative verbs. These are connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses. Let's look at these examples. ‘I love my mom.’ The verb here is ‘love’. That's an emotion, so I use the present simple tense. ‘It smells good.’ ‘Smell’ is one of the five senses, so I use the present simple tense. You'll notice I underlined the ‘s’ because

remember the subject is ‘it’. ‘Kelly feels happy.’ This is talking about a feeling. Again the subject here is ‘Kelly’ which is a ‘she’, so I added an ‘s’ to the verb. And finally, ‘They need help.’ We don't say, ‘they are needing help’ even though it's happening right now. ‘Need’ is non-continuous, so we say, ‘they need help’, so remember you also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs, connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses. Let's move on. Speakers occasionally use the present simple tense to talk about something that will happen In the

near future. Now this can be a little confusing, but we're not using the future tense, we're using the present simple tense. It's possible to do that and it's actually common for people to do that. Again, for something that will happen in the near future. Let's look at the examples. ‘I have class at 6 p.m.’ ‘6 p.m.’ that's pretty soon, so I can say, 'I have class.' - the present simple tense. ‘Lisa arrives on Sunday.’ Again the near future, ‘Sunday’. So I use the present simple tense. I added an ‘s’ at the end of arrive, because

Lisa, the subject, is a ‘she’. ‘We start work soon.’ Again, the near future, ‘soon’, so I use the present simple verb ‘start’. And finally, ‘My students come tomorrow.’ This is something that will happen in the near future, so I use the verb ‘come’. So remember it is possible, and it is common to use the present simple tense to talk about something that will happen in the near future. Let's go to the next usage. Let's talk about a possible negative usage for the present simple tense, And that is ‘do not’ and ‘does not’. The first example

says, ‘Mike eats bread.’ I put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘eat’ because the subject is Mike which is a ‘he’. Now that's not a negative statement. What happens when I want to turn it into a negative statement? Well I change it like this - ‘Mike doesn't eat bread.’ So you'll notice that I didn't move the ‘s’ here, okay. Instead I added ‘doesn't’. I took ‘does’ and ‘not’ and I turned it into a contraction by combining the two and making it ‘doesn't’. So if the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’, we use ‘does not’ or

‘doesn't’ to make it negative. ‘You swim well.’ In this case, I don't need to put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘swim’ because the subject is ‘you’. If I want to make this sentence negative, I use ‘don't’. ‘You don't swim well.’ I use the contraction for ‘do’ and ‘not’. I combine them to make ‘don't’, so if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’, we use ‘do not’ or ‘don't’. So to review ‘do not’ and ‘does not’ or ‘don't’ and ‘doesn't’ is a possible usage for the negative for present simple tense. Let's continue on. Now

I'll talk about one possible question form for the present simple tense and that is by using ‘do’ or ‘does’. So let's look at the example, ‘They live here.’ That's not a question, right? 'They live here’ In order to turn it into a question, it's really simple. All I have to do is add ‘do’ to the beginning and add a question mark at the end. ‘Do they live here?’ So if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’, simply add ‘do’ to the beginning of the question. How about this one, ‘He plays soccer.’ In this statement,

the subject is ‘he’ and that's why you should know by now, I have an ‘s’ at the end of ‘play’. However, to turn this into a question, I add ‘does’ at the beginning. ‘Does he play soccer?’ What you'll notice here is that I no longer have the ‘s’ at the end of play. Instead I just used ‘does’ at the beginning, so for ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’, put ‘does’ at the beginning, and don't worry about putting an ‘s’ or ‘es’ at the end of the verb. So to review, one possible way of forming a question for

the present simple tense is using ‘do’ or ‘does’ at the beginning. Alright let's move on. Let's start with the first checkup. In this checkup, I want you to focus on the ‘be’ verbs. Remember ‘be’ verbs, in the present simple tense, can be ‘is’, ‘am’, or ‘are’. Take a look at the first sentence. It says, ‘She _ blank _ at school.’ The subject of this sentence is ‘she’. What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘she’? The correct answer is ‘is’. Now if you were thinking of the negative, the correct answer would be ‘she isn't’ or ‘she

is not’. That's correct as well. And if we want to use a contraction for ‘she is’, we can say ‘she's at school’ For the next one, it says, ‘They _ blank _ twenty years old.’ The subject of this sentence is ‘they’. What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘they’? The correct answer is ‘are’. For the negative, you can also use ‘aren't’ or ‘are not’. Also if you want to use the contraction for ‘they are’, you can say, ‘They're 20 years old.’ The next sentence says, ‘His father _ blank_ busy.’ The subject of this sentence is

‘his father’. What subject pronoun do we use for ‘his father’? The correct answer is ‘he’. Remember for ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, the ‘be’ verb is ‘is’. For the negative, we can say ‘isn't’ or ‘is not’. And for a contraction, for ‘father’ and ‘is’, we can say, ‘His father's busy.’ Now I want you to try to find the mistakes in this sentence. ‘We isn't good friends.’ Did you find the mistake? This is the mistake. The subject is ‘we’ and the ‘be’ verb is ‘are’. Therefore, the correct answer is ‘we are not’, or the contraction, ‘we aren't good

friends.’ The next sentence. Can you find the mistake? ‘Are John a teacher?’ Think about the subject of this sentence. The subject is ‘John’. And ‘John’, the subject pronoun is ‘he’. Therefore, we don't use ‘are’, we use ‘is’. ‘Is John a teacher?’ ‘Is John a teacher?’ And finally, ‘It am a puppy.’ hmm This one is a big mistake. The subject here is ‘it’. What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘it’? The correct answer is ‘is’. So we don't say, ‘It am a puppy,’ we say, ‘It is a puppy.’ Great job guys. Let's move on to the

next checkup. For the next checkup, I want you to think of some other verbs in the present simple tense. Take a look at the first sentence. ‘He __ blank __ …’, I want you to think of the verb, ‘like his dinner’. What do we do to the verb when the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’? Remember we add an ‘s’. ‘He likes his dinner.’ For the negative, you can also say, ‘He doesn't like his dinner.’ The next sentence says, ‘My students __ blank __…’, I want you to think of ‘need’, ‘…books’. What is the subject

pronoun for ‘my students’? The correct answer is ‘they’. If the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’, in the present simple tense, we don't change the verb, we keep it as is. So the correct answer is, ‘My students need books.’ Now for the negative, you can say, ‘My students don't need books.’ The next sentence says, ‘I __ blank __…’, think of the verb, ‘…live in London.’ What do we do here? Again the subject is ‘I’, therefore we don't change the verb. The correct answer is, ‘I live in London.’ What's the negative? ‘I don't live in

London.’ For the next part, I would like for you to try to find the mistake in the sentence. ‘He doesn't likes math.’ What's the error here? Well this is a negative. ‘He doesn't…’, that's correct. However, we do not add an ‘s’ when we have ‘doesn't’ in front of ‘it’. ‘Do he eat candy?’ Here we have a question. The subject of the sentence is ‘he’. For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, when we're making a sentence in the present simple tense, we use ‘does’ not ‘do’. So the correct answer is, ‘Does he eat candy?’ And finally, ‘Sam is play

computer games.’ There are two present simple verbs here and we can't have that, so the correct way to fix this sentence is to get rid of the ‘is’. So take that out and say, ‘Sam plays computer games.’ Add an ‘s’ because the subject is ‘Sam’ which is a ‘he’. Great job! Let's move on to the next practice. For this next practice, we're taking a look at routines. Remember the present simple tense can be used to describe events that happen regularly. Let's take a look at the first sentence, ‘We _ blank _ the bus every day.’

And I want you to use the verb ‘take’. Here we see the clue word ‘every day’ which shows that this is a routine. The subject of the sentence is ‘we’. In the present simple tense, remember if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’, we do not change the verb. Therefore the correct answer is, ‘We take the bus every day.’ In the second sentence it says, ‘He _ blank _ to school every morning.’ Again a routine. The subject here is ‘he’. What do we do if the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’? We add ‘s’

or ‘es’ to the verb. In this example, the verb is ‘go’, so we have to add ‘es’. ‘He goes to school every morning.’ In the next sentence, it says, ‘Lizzy not play (in parenthesis) tennis.’ Here I want you to think about the negative form. Lizzy is a ‘she’. The subject pronoun is ‘she’ so what do we do for the negative? We say ‘does not’ or the contraction ‘doesn't play tennis’. We do not add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the end of the verb. Instead we say ‘doesn't’ or ‘does not’. Now I want you to find

a mistake in the next sentence. ‘They watches TV at night.’ Can you figure out what's wrong with the sentence? The subject is ‘they’. Therefore, remember, we do not change the verb. We say ‘watch’. ‘They watch TV at night’. In the next sentence, or question, it says, ‘Does he plays soccer every week?’ The subject of the sentence is ‘he’. To make a sentence, putting ‘does’ at the beginning is okay, However, we don't put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘play’. Therefore, the correct answer is to simply say, ‘Does he play soccer every week?’ And finally, ‘He

always forget his book.’ In this case, the subject is ‘he’. Remember, again, for he/she/it we add 's' or 'es' to the end of the verb. What's the verb in the sentence? It's ‘forget’. Therefore we have to say, ‘He always forgets his book.’ Great job. Let's move on to the next practice. In this checkup, we'll take a look at how the present simple tense can be used to describe future events. Take a look at the first sentence. It says, ‘The airplane _ blank _ tonight.’ And we're looking at the verb ‘leave’. What is the subject of

the sentence? The correct answer is ‘airplane’. What subject pronoun do we use for ‘airplane’? It's ‘it’. Remember in the present simple tense, for ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the verb. The verb here is ‘leave’ so we simply add an ‘s’. The correct answer is, ‘The airplane leaves tonight.’ In the second sentence, it says, ‘Does the movie _blank_ soon?’ And we're using the verb ‘start’. What is the subject of this sentence? It’s ‘movie’. And what subject pronoun do we use for movie? It’s ‘it’. So it's like saying, ‘Does it _ blank

_ soon?’ Well this is a question, so we already have the correct word in the front - ‘does’. For he/she/it, when we're asking a question, we use ‘does’. Now all we have to do is use the same verb in its base form, so ‘Does the movie start soon?’ We do not add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ here. Finally, it says, ‘Viki _ blank _ tomorrow.’ The subject of the sentence is ‘Vicki’. ‘Vicki’ is a girl so the subject pronoun is ‘she’. You'll remember now that for… in this case, we put ‘works’. w-o-r-k-s ‘works’. ‘Vicki works tomorrow.’

Now let's find the mistakes in the sentence below. ‘He do leave at 3:30 p.m.’ Actually there's only one mistake. Can you find it? ‘He do leave at 3:30 p.m.’ We do not need the ‘do’ here. We only use ‘do’ in a question or in the negative form. But also the subject is ‘he’, so we would use ‘does’. Either way we don't need this here. Well now we have the verb ‘leave’ with the subject ‘he’. Do you know what to do? We simply change this to ‘leaves’. Just like we did in the first sentence. ‘He leaves

at 3:30 p.m.’ In the next sentence, ‘They don't start school today.’ We have a negative sentence. ‘They don't…’, that's correct. ‘…do not’ is correct. For subject pronoun ‘they’. However, in the negative form, we don't have to change the main verb at all. Therefore, all we will do is say, ‘They don't start school today.’ No ‘s’. Finally, ‘Does we eat at noon?’ Take a look. What is the subject or subject pronoun in the sentence? The correct answer is ‘we’. Think about the question form. Do we say ‘do’ or ‘does’ in the question form for the subject

pronoun ‘we’? The correct answer is ‘do’. We say ‘do’. So the correct way to say this sentence or question is, ‘Do we eat at noon?’ Great job guys. You're done with the practice. Thank you for your hard work. Let's move on. Good job guys. You put in a lot of practice today. The present simple tense is not easy, and I'm really happy to see how hard you guys worked on mastering it. Be sure to check out my other videos and thank you for watching this video. I'll see you next time. Bye. Hi, everybody. I'm Esther.

I'm so excited to be teaching you the present continuous tense in this video. This tense is used to describe: an action that's happening right now, a longer action in progress , and something happening in the near future. There's a lot to learn, but don't worry I'll guide you through it. Let's get started. The present continuous tense is used to talk about actions that are happening right now. For example, ‘I'm teaching English’ and ‘You are studying English.’ Let's take a look at some more examples. The first sentence says, ‘He is watching a movie’. We start with

the subject and a ‘be’ verb. In this case, the subject is ‘he’. For ‘he’ / ‘she’ and ‘it’, we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’. Then you'll notice I added an ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb ‘watch’. ‘He is watching a movie.’ The next sentence says, ‘Tim is playing a computer game.’ He's doing that right now. Tim is a ‘he’, therefore, again we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’. And again you'll notice I added ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb. The next sentence says, ‘The machine is making a noise.’ Now pay attention to the subject,

‘the machine’. What is the proper pronoun? The answer is ‘it’, therefore we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’. ‘The machine is making a noise.’ We can also say, ‘It is making a noise’. Or the contraction, ‘It's making a noise’. And finally, ‘Tom and Ben are speaking English’. In this case, you'll notice that we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’. Can you figure out why? That's because Tom and Ben - the subject pronoun for these two is ‘they’. ‘They are speaking English.’ Let's move on to the next usage. The present continuous tense is also used to describe a

longer action in progress. Even though you might not be doing the action right now. Let's take a look at some examples. The first sentence says, ‘I'm reading an interesting book these days.’ In this case, the subject is ‘I’, so the ‘be’ verb is ‘am’. In this example, we use the contraction ‘I'm’ by putting ‘I’ and ‘am’ together. Again, you'll notice there's an ‘-ing’ after the verb. The next sentence says, ‘You are studying to become an English teacher.’ The subject here is ‘you’, therefore the ‘be’ verb is ‘are’. Next, ‘Steven is preparing for the IELTS exam.’

The subject here is ‘Steven’ which is a ‘he’, therefore we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’. And finally, ‘John and June are working at a company.’ If you look at the subject ‘John and June’, the pronoun for that is ‘they’. That's why we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’. ‘They are working at a company.’ Let's move on to the next usage. The present continuous is also used to talk about near future plans. Let's take a look. ‘She is meeting some friends tonight.’ That's going to happen in the near future. You'll notice that we have 'she', so the

‘be’ verb is ‘is’. And then we added an ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb ‘meet’. The next example says, ‘We are going on vacation in July.’ The subject here is ‘we’, therefore we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’. We can also use a contraction and say, ‘We're going on vacation in July.’ Again, another near future plan. The next example says, ‘David is learning to drive tomorrow.’ ‘tomorrow’ is the near future. ‘David’ is the subject. ‘David’ is a ‘he’, so we use ‘is’. And lastly, ‘Vicki and I are teaching English next week.’ ‘Vicky and I’… If

we think about the subject pronoun is ‘we’. That's why we used ‘are’. ‘We are teaching.’ Let's move on. Now let's talk about the negative form of the present continuous tense. I have some examples here. These two examples are for actions that are happening right now, or longer actions. These last two are for near future plans. Let's take a look. The first sentence says, ‘I am not having fun.’ Now that's not true for me because I am having fun, but in this example I am not having fun. You'll notice that the word ‘not’ goes between the

‘be’ verb and the ‘verb -ing’. In the second example it says, ‘Jane isn't doing her homework.’ Here we use the contraction ‘isn't’ for ‘is not’, so just like the first sentence, we put ‘not’ between ‘is’ and ‘verb -ing’. The next sentence says, ‘You're not seeing him tonight.’ Here we have a contraction for ‘you are’. ‘You're not seeing him tonight.’ And finally, ‘We are not running tomorrow morning.’ Here we have the subject ‘we’, therefore, we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’. Don’t forget to add a ‘not’ after that to make it negative. Let's move on. Now let's

talk about how to form ‘be’ verb questions in the present continuous tense. The first example here says, ‘Is he waiting for you?’ or ‘Is he waiting for you?’ We start with the ‘be’ verb. Take a look at the subject though. The subject is ‘he’ and that's why we start with the ‘be’ verb ‘is’. ‘Is he waiting for you?’ You can answer, ‘Yes, he is.’ or ‘No he isn't.’ The second sentence says, ‘Are you coming to class?’ The subject here is ‘you’ and that's why we start with ‘are’. ‘Are you coming to class?’ You can answer,

‘Yes I am.’ or ‘No, I'm not.’ The next question says, ‘Is he preparing to study in Canada?’ The subject is ‘he’, and so we start with ‘is’. The answer can be, ‘Yes, he is.’ or it can also be ‘No, he isn't.’ Finally the last question says, ‘Are they going out tonight?’ The subject here is ‘they’, and so we start with ‘are’. The answer can be ‘Yes, they are.’ or ‘No, they aren't.’ Let's move on. Now let's talk about the WH question form for the present continuous tense. I have some examples here and you'll notice that

we start with the WH questions: what, where, when, who, why, and how. What comes after? You'll notice it's the ‘be’ verbs: ‘are’, ‘is’, and if the subject is ‘I’, ‘am’. So after that you have the subject and then the verb -ing. Let's take a look at the first sentence. ‘What are you doing?’ I'm asking about right now. For example, ‘I'm teaching English.’ ‘Where are you going?’ ‘I'm going to the store.’ ‘When is it starting?’ ‘It's starting at 3.’ I can be talking about a movie a show anything can be ‘it’. ‘Who is she talking to?’

‘She's talking to Bob.’ ‘Why is she crying?’ ‘She's crying because she's sad.’ And finally, ‘How is it going?’ ‘It's going well.’ For this checkup of the present continuous tense, we'll look at how this tense can be used to describe an action that's happening right now. Let's take a look at the first sentence. ‘You -blank- learning English.’ Remember for this tense, we start with the subject and the ‘be’ verb and then the verb ‘-ing’. We already have the verb ‘-ing’ here, so we need the ‘be’ verb. The subject in the first sentence is ‘you’. For ‘you’,

‘we’, and ‘they’, we use the ‘be’ verb - ‘are’, so the correct answer is, ‘You are learning English’ right now. The next sentence says, ‘She _blank_ not watching TV.’ This is the negative form of the present continuous tense. We have the word ‘not’ before the verb ‘-ing’, However, we're missing the ‘be’ verb again. What is the be verb to use if the subject is ‘she’? the correct answer is ‘is’. ‘She is not watching TV.’ This one says, ‘I _blank_ studying now.’ The subject here is ‘I’. Again think of the ‘be’ verb that goes before the

subject ‘I’. The ‘be’ verb is ‘am’. ‘I am studying now.’ We can also use a contraction and say, ‘I'm studying now’ If we wanted to turn this into the negative form, we can also say, ‘I'm not studying now.’ Now, take a look at the next sentence and find the mistake. ‘Layla is watch a movie.’ Here we have the subject and the subject pronoun for Layla would be ‘she’. We have the correct ‘be’ verb - ‘is’, However, you'll notice we forgot the ‘-ing’ at the end of the verb. We need to say, ‘watching’. ‘Layla is watching

a movie.’ The next sentence says, ‘They playing soccer now.’ What's missing? If you got it the correct answer is we need the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’ because the subject is ‘they’. ‘They are playing soccer now.’ And finally, ‘What do you do?’ If you want to ask somebody what they're doing right now, you say, 'what’... and the ‘be’ verb – ‘are... you.. doing?’ ‘What are you doing?’ Let's move on to the next practice. For this checkup we'll talk about the present continuous tense and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the

past and continues today. It's a longer action. Let's take a look at the first sentence. ‘He _blank_ studying economics.’ Remember for this tense, we take the subject, a ‘be’ verb, and then verb ‘-ing’. Here we already have the verb ‘-ing’, ‘studying’. So what are we missing? The ‘be’ verb. The correct ‘be’ verb for the subject ‘he’ is ‘is’. So, ‘He is studying economics.’ The next sentence says, ‘They're _blank_ for the fight.’ The verb we want to use is ‘train’. Now we already have the 'be' verb here. It's in the contraction ‘there’ because it's ‘they are’.

All we have to do now is add ‘-ing’ to the verb. ‘They're training for the fight these days.’ And ‘We _blank_ teaching at the school.’ Again we're missing the ‘be’ verb. What is the ‘be’ verb for ‘we’? The correct answer is ‘are’. ‘We are teaching at the school.’ Now let's look for the mistakes in the next sentence. ‘Ben is study to become a doctor.’ Can you find the error? Well we have the subject and we have the proper ‘be verb’. What we're missing is the ‘-ing’ at the end of ‘study’. The correct answer is, ‘Ben

is studying to become a doctor’. Let's look at the next sentence. ‘I don't reading that book.’ hmm ‘I don't reading that book.’ To form the negative in the present continuous, we don't use ‘do’ or ‘does’ We use the ‘be’ verb. What is the be verb for ‘I’? The correct answer is ‘am’. ‘I am not reading that book.’ There is no contraction for ‘am not’. Finally, ‘They are to learn English.’ We have the subject and we have the correct ‘be’ verb, but remember we need verb ‘-ing’. Therefore, the correct answer is, ‘They are learning English.’ Let's

move on to the next checkup. For this checkup we'll take a look at how the present continuous tense can be used to talk about future plans. Let's take a look. The first sentence says, ‘They're play a game tonight.’ The verb we want to use is ‘play’. Remember we start with the subject and here we have it, ‘they’. Then we have the ‘be’ verb. In this case we used a contraction for ‘they are – ‘they’re’. That's correct. After that we have to add ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb, so the correct answer is, ‘They're playing

a game tonight.’ The next sentence says, 'We _blank_ not studying tomorrow.’ Looks good but there's a word that's missing. This is the negative form because we have ‘not’. We simply need the ‘be’ verb for ‘we’. The correct ‘be’ verb is ‘are’. ‘We are not studying tomorrow.’ The next sentence says, ‘Lynn is _blank_ out tonight.’ and we want to use the verb ‘go’. Remember 'Lynn' and then the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’. That's correct. All we have to do is add ‘-ing’. ‘Lynn is going out tonight.’ To make this negative you can say, ‘Lynn is not going

out tonight.’ or ‘Lynn isn't going out tonight.’ The next sentence says, ‘Laura isn't study this evening.’ Can you find the mistake? Remember we have to add ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb, so we need to say, ‘Laura isn't studying this evening.’ The next sentence says, ‘My sons will playing chess later.’ We are talking about a future plan, so you might be tempted to use ‘well’ or ‘will’, I'm sorry. However, instead of saying ‘will’, we use the ‘be’ verb. ‘My sons are playing chess later.’ And finally, ‘She's not to eating dinner tonight.’ There's an extra

word in here that we don't need. What is it? It's ‘to’. Remember, subject - ‘be’ verb, not verb ‘-ing’. We do not need ‘to’ in this sentence. All right well that's the end of this checkup. Let's move on. Good job, everyone. You just completed the lesson on the present continuous tense. This tense is not easy but you did a great job. And keep watching to learn more. I know English can be difficult but with practice and effort you will improve. I promise. See you in the next video. Hi, everyone. I'm Esther. In this video, I'm

going to introduce the present perfect tense. This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past, but when it happened is not very important or it’s unknown. It can also be used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present. We really want to emphasize how long that action has been happening. And finally, we use this tense to talk about a recent action. There's a lot to learn and a lot of important information, so keep watching. Let's talk about one usage of the present perfect

tense. This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past. But when it happened is not important or not known. However, this action is important to the conversation Right now. Let's take a look at some examples. The first one says, ‘I have been to Canada.’ What we do here is we start with the subject, ‘I’. For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, and ‘they’, we follow with ‘have’. After that we use the past participle of the verb. In this case, the verb is ‘be’. And so the past participle is ‘been’. ‘I have been

to Canada.’ The next sentence says, ‘My cousins have seen the movie.’ My cousins is a ‘they’. And so again, we follow with ‘have’. And the past participle of see is ‘seen’. ‘They have seen the movie.’ Or ‘My cousins have seen the movie.’ The next example says, ‘Chad has gone home.’ Chad is a ‘he’. For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we follow with ‘has’. Then, the past participle ‘gone’ is for the verb ‘go’. ‘Chad has gone home.’ And finally, ‘My phone has been fixed.’ My phone is an ‘it’. Therefore, I use ‘has’. And then I need the past

participle of ‘be’ – ‘been’. ‘My phone has been fixed.’ Let's move on to the next usage. The present perfect tense is also used to describe an action that started in the past and continues in the present. ‘for’ and since’ are common expressions used with the present perfect tense. Let's take a look at these examples. ‘I have worked there since 2002.’ You'll notice we start with the subject. If it's ‘I’, ‘you’ or ‘we’, we have ‘have’. Then the past participle of the verb. In this case - ‘worked’. What you'll notice here is that we also have

‘since 2002’. This shows when the action started, so with the expression ‘since’, you need to use a specific point in time. The next example does the same thing. ‘You have had a car since last year.’ Again, we use ‘since’, so we have a specific point in time - ‘last year’. Take a look at the next example. ‘Anna has liked him for weeks.’ In this case the subject is ‘Anna’. Which is a ‘she’, and so we use ‘has’. Then the past participle ‘liked’. However, at the end of the sentence, we see ‘for weeks’. Not ‘since weeks’.

When we use ‘for’, we talk about the duration. We explain how long this action has been true. And finally, ‘We have eaten lunch here for 3 months.’ Again, the sentence ends with ‘for 3 months’. So we show the duration. Let's move on to the next usage. In addition, the present perfect tense can be used to describe an action that recently stopped. Let’s take a look at some examples. ‘I have just been to the doctor,’ So just like for all the other usages, we start with the subject, ‘have’ or ‘has’, and the past participle. But you'll

notice here, I used the word ‘just’ between ‘have’ and the verb. ‘I have just been to the doctor.’ This shows that it happened very recently. The next example says, ‘James has just seen his new baby.’ Again, just goes in between ‘have’ or ‘has’ and the verb. Take a look at the next example. It says, ‘She has already been to China.’ ‘already’ is another word you can use to show that this action recently happened. However, ‘already’ can also be moved to the end of the sentence. So it's perfectly fine to say, ‘She has been to China

already.’ And in the last example, ‘We have recently visited Tom.’ Again, you can put this word between ‘have’ or ‘has’ and the verb. Or you can also put it at the end of the sentence. ‘We have visited Tom recently.’ Let's move on. Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect tense. Here are some examples. The first one says, ‘I have not been to Europe.’ What you'll notice in the first sentence is that we simply put a 'not' between ‘have’ and ‘been’. ‘I have not been to Europe.’ You can also use a

contraction and say ‘I haven't been to Europe.’ The next sentence says, ‘It has not rained for 3 months.’ Again, we put the ‘not’ between the ‘has’ and the verb. ‘It has not rained for 3 months.’ Here we have a time expression to show the duration. The next example says, ‘Teddy hasn't driven for 2 years.’ We used the contraction here for ‘has’ and ‘not’ – ‘hasn't’. And then we use the time expression ‘for 2 years’ at the end of the sentence. And finally, the last sentence says, ‘My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’ We see another

contraction here for ‘have not’ – ‘haven't’. ‘My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’ This time expression uses ‘since’. And so we mention a specific point and time. Let's move on. Now let's take a look at the ‘have’ or ‘has’ question form of the present perfect Tense. Take a look at the board. The first sentence says, ‘Mike has eaten lunch.’ That is a statement. Now to turn it into a question, it's quite easy. All you have to do is put ‘has’ at the beginning. Then you follow with the subject and then the past participle. You'll notice

that the placement of the past participle doesn't change. We've simply changed the order of the first 2 words. ‘Has Mike eaten lunch?’ ‘Has Mike eaten lunch?’ And you can answer by saying ‘Yes, he has.’ or ‘No, he hasn't.’ The next sentence says, ‘They have watched the video.’ This is a statement. If we want to turn it into a question, again, we change the order of the first two words. ‘Have they…?’ And the past participle verb stays in the same place. ‘Have they watched the video?’ ‘Have they watched the video?’ You can answer this question by

saying, ‘Yes, they have.’ or ‘No, they haven't.’ Good job, guys. Let's move on. Now, I'll briefly introduce how to ask WH questions in the present perfect tense. Take a look at the board. I have ‘where’, ‘what’, ‘who’, and ‘how’. These go at the beginning of the question. Let's take a look at the first example. ‘Where has Tim been?’ You'll notice we followed the WH word with ‘has’ or ‘have’. In this case, I used ‘has’ because the subject is ‘Tim’, and Tim is a ‘he’. And then we followed that with the past participle of the verb.

‘Where has Tim been?’ And I can answer by saying, ‘Tim has been home.’ or ‘Tim has been on vacation.’ Something like that. The next question says, what countries have you visited? I can answer by saying, ‘I have visited China.’ or ‘I have visited Mexico.’ You can also use the contraction ‘I’ve’. ‘I've visited China.’ The next question says, ‘Who has she talked to?’ You can answer by saying, ‘She has talked to her mom.’ or ‘She has talked to her teacher.’ The next question says, ‘How long have you been married?’ ‘I've been married for 3 years.’ That's

one answer that you can give. Great job, everybody. Let's move on. For this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense. Which describes an action that happened at an unknown or indefinite time in the past. Let's look at the first sentence. ‘She _blank_ read that book.’ The subject in this sentence is ‘she’. For he/she/it, in this tense we say, ‘has’. ‘She has’. Now, take a look at the verb. It looks like ‘read’. But remember we need to use the past participle of the verb. So It's actually ‘read’. ‘read’ and ‘read’ are spelled the

same. ‘She has read that book.’ The second sentence says, ‘They _blank_ visit China.’ ‘visit’ is the verb that you want to use here. For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘have’. Not ‘has’. ‘They have’ Now, what's the past participle of visit? The answer is ‘visited’. ‘They have visited China.’ Next, ‘We _blank_ see that concert.’ Again, for ‘I’, ‘you’, we’ and ‘they’ – we use ‘have’. ‘We have’. Now, the past participle of ‘see’ is 'seen'. ‘We have seen that concert.’ Now, let's look for the mistake in the next sentence. ‘Rick have been to Cuba.’ Take

a look at the subject, ‘Rick’. Rick is a ‘he’. So instead of ‘have’, we need to change this to ‘has’. ‘Rick has been to Cuba.’ ‘Sally and I hasn't finished work.’ The subject in this sentence is ‘Sally’ and ‘I’. The pronoun for that is ‘we’. ‘We hasn't finished work.’ That still sounds weird, right? We have to change this to ‘have not’ or the contraction ‘haven't’. And finally, ‘I did go to the doctor.’ Now this sentence makes sense, but it's not the present perfect tense. We have to change it. Remember, we use ‘have’ for the subject,

‘I’. But we're not done. What is the past participle of ‘go’? It is ‘gone’. ‘I have gone to the doctor.’ Great job. Let's move on to the next checkup. In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect tense and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and is still true today. The first sentence says, ‘I _blank_ known Carly since 1994.’ The subject is ‘I’. And we already have the past participle of the verb, ‘know’. Which is ‘known’. What are we missing? The correct answer is ‘have’. For ‘I’, ‘you’,

‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘have’ after the subject. The next sentence says, ‘He has been here _blank_ 2 p.m.’ Now the first part is all there. ‘He has been’. However, remember that for the present perfect tense, we use ‘for’ or ‘since’ to talk about how long that action has been true. In this case, we use ‘since’. Because 2 p.m. is a specific period in time. Next it says, ‘She _blank_ liked Tom since June.’ The subject is ‘she’. And we have the past participle of the verb ‘like’, which is 'liked'. What are we missing? Again, we

need ‘have’ or ‘has’. Because the subject is ‘she’... Can you figure out which one you need? The correct answer is ‘has’. ‘She has liked Tom since June.’ Now, I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence. ‘I have worked here six months ago.’ Can you find a mistake here? ‘I have worked’ - that's correct. However, in the present perfect tense, we don't use ‘ago’. This is talking about more the past. We want to talk about ‘since’ or ‘for’ instead. Now ‘six months’ is not a specific time. So we don't use ‘since’. Instead, we

talk about the duration. So we need ‘for’. We'll say, ‘I have worked here for six months.’ Let's take a look at the next sentence. ‘Jen have a cold for two weeks.’ At first glance, this doesn't seem that wrong. But remember, Jen is a ‘she’. So we need ‘has’. ‘Jen has’. But wait a minute, ‘Jen has have a cold’? That's not right either. We need the past participle of ‘have’. What is the past participle? The correct answer is ‘had’. ‘Jen has had a cold for two weeks.’ And finally, ‘We haven't went home since Friday.’ This one

is a little tricky. The subject is ‘we’. ‘We have... have not’. That's correct. The contraction is ‘haven't’. ‘We haven't’. Now the problem is, we have this verb ‘went’. That's in the past simple tense. We need the past participle of ‘go’. The correct answer is ‘gone’. ‘We haven't gone home since Friday.’ Good job, guys. Let's move on to the next checkup. In this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense. And how it is used to describe an action that finished recently. We'll be focusing on the words, ‘just’, ‘already’ and ‘recently’ to show this.

Let's take a look at the first sentence. ‘She has just _blank_ that book.’ And we're using the verb, ‘read’. Remember, we take the subject, ‘she’. And for ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘it’, we say ‘has’. So that's correct. Now we need the past participle of ‘read’. And that is ‘read’. ‘She has just read that book.’ You'll notice I use the word, ‘just’ right before the past participle. Next it says, ‘They have already’ and the verb is ‘wake up’. If the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’, we use ‘has’. But if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ or

‘they’, we use ‘have’. So that's correct. ‘They have’. Also we have the word ‘already’ here to show that it happened recently or that it finished recently. Now the verb is ‘wake up’. We need the past participle of ‘wake up’, and that is ‘woken up’. So the answer is, ‘They have already woken up.’ The next sentence says, ‘We have recently _blank_ work.’ And the verb is ‘finish’. ‘We have’, that's correct. And we have the word 'recently' to show when the action finished. And now we need to find the past participle of the verb ‘finish’. The correct

answer is. ‘We have recently finished, -ed, work.’ Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence. ‘Morty has eaten just.’ This sounds a little strange, right? That's because ‘just’ needs to come before the verb. Therefore, the answer is ‘Morty has just eaten.’ The next sentence says, ‘Karen has recently be sick.’ Karen is a ‘she’. So ‘has’ is correct. And there we have ‘recently’. Now we need the past participle of the verb. ‘be’ is our verb and the past participle of ‘be’ is ‘been’. ‘Karen has recently been sick.’ And finally, ‘I have gone already to

the dentist.’ This is similar to another question we looked at just before. ‘I have gone already to the dentist.’ The placement of ‘already’ is a little awkward. So we can say, ‘I have already gone.’ So we can put ‘already’ before the verb, ‘I have already gone to the dentist’ Or we can put this at the end, ‘I have gone to the dentist already.’ Both of those are correct. Now, good job. That is the end of the checkup. Let's move on. Excellent job, everyone. You just learned about the present perfect tense. There was a lot to

learn, but you did a wonderful job. Keep studying English. I know that It's hard, but you will get better with time, effort and practice. I'll see you in the next video. Hi, everyone. Welcome to the video. In this video, I’ll introduce the Present Perfect Continuous English Tense. This tense can be used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present. It can also be used to talk about an action that hasn't happened recently. And finally, it can also be used to talk about an action that recently stopped. There's a

lot to learn, so keep watching. You can use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present. We want to emphasize duration and you can do that by using ‘for’ or ‘since’ in your sentence. Let's take a look at some examples. ‘Charles has been studying English for an hour.’ Take a look at the subject, ‘Charles’. The subject pronoun for Charles is ‘he’. And that's why we say ‘has’. After that, we add ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’. In this case, ‘studying.’ You'll also notice that at

the end of the sentence we have for an hour. That shows how long this action has been happening. When you use ‘for’, you emphasize the duration. ‘for an hour’. ‘Charles has been studying English for an hour.’ Let's take a look at the next sentence. ‘Lily has been playing the piano for 2 years.’ In this case, Lily is a ‘she’ and that's why, again, we say ‘has’. You'll notice again, we have ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’. In this case, ‘playing’. At the end of this sentence, we also used ‘for’. and then ‘two years’. So again, we're

showing how long this has been happening. The next sentence is a little different. ‘It has been growing since June.’ So it can be something like a plant. The plant or it has been growing since June. Here we use ‘since’, not ‘for’. What's the difference? We use a specific point in time with since. We don't say ‘Since two hours’. No, we say ‘When the action started since June.’ And finally, ‘Dan and I have been working since 6 a.m.’ The subject pronoun for ‘Dan and I’ is ‘We’. Therefore we use ‘have’. At the end of the sentence,

we have ‘since 6 a.m.’ Remember that with ‘since’, we talked about a specific point in time when the action started. Let's move on. The present perfect continuous can also be used without emphasizing duration. In this case, we mean ‘lately’. This action has been happening ‘lately’, and so we can use the word ‘lately’ or ‘recently’ to explain this. Let's take a look at some examples. ‘You have been missing many classes lately.’ You'll notice that at the end of the sentence I use the word ‘lately' to describe when this action has been happening. You can also use

lately at the beginning of the sentence. For example, ‘Lately, you have been missing many classes.’ The next example says, ‘Recently, Toby has been running every day.’ In this sentence, we used ‘recently’ at the beginning to show when does action has been happening. You can also use ‘recently’ at the end of the sentence. ‘Toby has been running everyday recently.’ In this example, the subject is Toby and so we use ‘has’ after Toby. Because Toby is a ‘he’. The next example says, ‘Lately, Dana has been swimming a lot.’ Again, we use ‘lately’ at the beginning of this

sentence, but you can also use it at the end. Dana is a ‘she’ and so we followed this subject with ‘has’. And finally, ‘We've been practicing English together recently.’ ‘We’ is the subject of this sentence and so we use ‘have’. Here, we use the contraction ‘We’ve’. ‘We have’ become ‘We've’. ‘We've been practicing English together recently.’ We can put ‘recently’ at the end, or we can say ‘Recently we've been practicing English together.’ Let's move on. The present perfect continuous tense and also be used to talk about an action that recently stopped and has a present result.

Let's take a look at the example. ‘I'm tired because I have been running.’ The second part of the sentence, ‘I have been running’ is using the present perfect continuous tense. This is the action that recently stopped. And as a result, ‘I'm tired’. This is the present result. What's happening now, because of this. ‘I'm tired.’. The next example says, ‘The street is wet because it has been raining.’ This is very similar to the first sentence. Here, we know that it has been raining. And this action recently stopped. As a result, in the present, The street is

wet. The street is wet right now because of this action. The next example says, ‘You don't understand because you haven't been listening.’ You'll notice here that we use the negative. Here's the contractions, ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’ because of this action, you haven't been listening, Now you don't understand. In the last example, we switch the order a little bit. ‘I've been studying all night.’ There is the present perfect continuous tense. This is the action that stopped recently. And here is the result. ‘Now, I'm exhausted.’ Great job, everyone. Let's move on. Let's take a look at the

negative form of the present perfect continuous tense. Here are some examples. ‘I have not been feeling well these days.’ At the end of the sentence we have ‘these days’ to show that this is an action that's been happening recently. In the negative form, we have to have ‘not’. The ‘not’ goes after have or has. In this case, the subject is ‘I’, so I use ‘have’. ‘I have not been feeling well these days.’ We can also use a contraction ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’. ‘I haven't been feeling well these days.’ The next sentence says, ‘Sue has not

been cooking lately.’ We have ‘lately’ at the end of this sentence, We can also put ‘lately’ at the beginning of the sentence. The important part of this sentence is to put ‘not’ after ‘has’. Why did we use ‘has’? Because the subject is ‘Sue’ which is a 'she'. For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we use ‘has’. Again, we can use a contraction ‘hasn't’ for has not. ‘Sue hasn't been cooking lately.’ The next sentence says, ‘Jeff hasn't been eating healthy food recently.’ Again, the ‘recently’ can be used at the beginning or end of this sentence. We have the contestant

‘hasn't’ here for you. ‘hasn't’ is a contraction for ‘has not’. We have ‘has’ because the subject is Jeff which is ‘he’. And finally, ‘They haven't been speaking for over a year.’ In this case, ‘for over a year’ shows duration. Remember with ‘for’, you show how long something has been happening. In this case, we have a contraction ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’. Great job, everybody. let's move on. Now, let's take a look at how to form the ‘have’ or ‘has’ question for the present perfect continuous tense. The first sentence says, ‘He has been reading for an hour,’

Now, to turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the first two words. So ‘He has’ becomes ‘Has he’. ‘Has he been reading for an hour?’ You'll notice that the second part of the sentence doesn't change. ‘Has he been reading for an hour?’ To answer, you can simply say, ‘Yes, he has.’ or ‘No, he hasn't.’ The next sentence says, ‘They have been sleeping since 8 p.m.’ Again, the second part of the sentence stays the same, and in the beginning, we just switch the first two words. ‘They have’ become

‘Have they’. ‘Have they been sleeping since 8 p.m.?’ To answer, you can say, ‘Yes, they have.’ or ‘No. they haven't.’ Great job, everybody. Let's move on. Now, let's take a look at how to form WH questions in the present perfect continuous tense. Here, we have some WH question words. ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘why’ and ‘how’. Let's take a look at the first question. ‘What have you been doing lately?’ I can answer by saying, ‘I have been working.’ or ‘I have been studying.’ I can also use the contraction ‘I've’. ‘I've been working.’ ‘I've been studying.’ The next question

says, ‘Where have you been traveling?’ ‘I have been traveling in Europe.’ or ‘I've been traveling in Europe.’ ‘Why has he been feeling sad?’ You can answer by saying, ‘He's been feeling sad.’ That's the contraction ‘he has’, he's been feeling sad because his pet died. or ‘He has been feeling sad because he broke up with his girlfriend.’ Something like that. And ‘How has she been doing?’ ‘How has she been doing?’ I can say, ‘She's been doing well.’ ‘She's’ is a contraction for ‘she has’. Great job, everyone. Let's move on. In this checkup, we will talk about

the present perfect continuous tense. This tense can be used to describe an event that started in the past and continues in the present. Let's take a look. The first sentence says, ‘He has _blank_ all week,’ And the verb is ‘sleep’. For this tense, what we do is we first look at the subject, ‘he’. For ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘it’, we put ‘has’. Then, we add ‘been’. ‘has been’. Finally we add ‘-ing’ to the end. ‘He has been sleeping all week.’ The next sentence says, ‘You haven't _blank_ for a year.’ And the verb is ‘travel’. Now, this

is the negative form. So you see the contraction - ‘haven't’. ‘You have not’ or ‘You haven't’. Again, what we do after that is add ‘been’. Then, do you remember what to do? Add ‘-ing’ to the verb. ‘You haven't been traveling for a year.’ Next, it says ‘They _blank_ working all day.’ So the verb ‘-ing’ has already been provided for you. Now, take a look at the subject. The subject is ‘they’. Should we use ‘have’? or should we use ‘has’? The correct answer is ‘have’. Then what do you put? Remember, we put ‘been’. ‘They have been

working all day.’ Now if you want to make this negative, you can say, ‘They haven't been working all day.’ Now find the mistake in the next sentence. ‘My friends have been watch TV.’ ‘My friends have been watch TV.’ What's the mistake? Remember, we need to add ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb. So we should say, ‘My friends have been watching TV.’ Next, ‘Sal did talking for 10 minutes.’ Hmm.. Sal is a ‘he'. And ‘talking’ is already there for you. So what's in the middle of those two words is the mistake. For ‘he’, we use

‘has’. So we say ‘has been’. ‘Sal has been talking for 10 minutes.’ And finally, ‘He has been to eat for an hour.’ Hmm.. ‘He has been’ That's correct. However, in this sentence, the base form of the verb ‘eat’ was used. Instead, remember we need ‘-ing’. This is the correct answer. ‘He has been eating for an hour.’ All right, good job. and let's move on to the next practice. In this practice, we'll take a look at the present perfect continuous tense, And see how it expresses an action that has been happening recently or lately. Let's take

a look at the first sentence. ‘She has _blank_ bad lately.’ And the verb is ‘feel’. Remember for ‘she’, we use ‘has’. Then don't forget we need to have ‘been’. ‘She has been’ After that, we add ‘-ing’ to the verb. The correct sentence is, ‘She has been feeling bad lately.’ The next sentence says, ‘We haven't _blank_ much recently.’ And the verb is ‘cook’. This is a negative sentence. So we say, ‘We have not’ or the contraction - ‘haven't’. ‘We haven't’ Don't forget ‘been’, and then verb ‘-ing’. ‘We haven't been cooking much recently.’ Finally, we move on,

let's try to find the mistake. ‘We has been riding bikes to school recently.’ What's the mistake in this sentence? The subject here is ‘We’. For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we have to say ‘have been’, not ‘has been’. ‘We have been riding bikes to school recently.’ And for the last one, ‘Jenny lately hasn't been helping me.’ The lately is placed wrong in this sentence. We have to say, ‘Lately, Jenny hasn't been helping me.’ or we can also say, ‘Jenny hasn't been helping me lately.’ Let's move on to the next checkup. In this checkup, we'll talk

about the present perfect continuous tense and how it expresses an action that stopped recently but has a present result. The first sentence says, ‘I _blank_ . That's why I'm so sweaty.’ The verb here is ‘exercise’. And the subject is ‘I’. Do we use ‘has’ or ‘have’ for the subject ‘I’? The correct answer is ‘have’. Then, we put ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’. Okay, so the correct answer is, ‘I have been exercising. That's why I'm so sweaty.’ That's the result. The next sentence says, ‘I'm covered in flour because I _blank_.’ And the verb is ‘bake’. Take

a look. I have ‘I'm covered in flour because’ So this first part is the result. I need to show the action that stopped recently in the present perfect continuous tense. Again, the subject is ‘I’. So we use ‘have been’. Then, all we do is add ‘-ing’ to the end of baking. ‘I have been baking.’ So again, ‘I'm covered in flour because I have been baking.’ And we can use the contraction and say, ‘I've been baking.’ Now, find the mistake in the next sentence. ‘She has think a lot, so she has a headache.’ Take a look.

The result is that ‘she has a headache.’ So we need to use the present perfect continuous for the first part. ‘She has’ is correct. What's missing? Don't forget the ‘been’. Also don't forget that we need to add ‘-ing’ to the verb. ‘She has been thinking a lot, so she has a headache.’ Look at the next sentence and find the mistake. ‘I'm so hungry because I have been diet.’ The only mistake here is that someone forgot to put the ‘-ing’ at the end of the verb, ‘diet’. The correct answer is, ‘I'm so hungry because I have

been dieting.’ Great job, everyone. Let's move on. Thank you so much for watching this grammar course on the present tense. Now, I want you to watch the next grammar course on the past tense. I’ll see you there. Hi, everyone. In this video, I will introduce the past simple English tense. This grammar tense can help you explain a past general state, action, or habit. There's a lot to learn and it's a very important tense, so keep watching. In this video, I will talk about the 'be' verb in the past simple tense. The 'be' verb in the

past simple tense can be used to describe a past general state. We use the 'be' verbs, ‘was’ and ‘were’ in this tense. Take a look at the examples. ‘I was scared.’ ‘James', or he 'was a teacher.’ ‘She was sad.’ ‘My dog was hungry.’ ‘My dog’ can be ‘it’. So for ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we use the past tense 'be' verb, ‘was’. However, for ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘were’. ‘You were a good student.’ ‘Your parents, or they were at the park.’ and ‘We were at home for two hours.’ In this last sentence, you see

that the duration is emphasized. Great job. Let's move on. Now I will talk about regular verbs in the past simple tense. Take a look at these examples. ‘Liam played a game.’ Liam is a ‘he’, but really it doesn't matter for regular verbs in the past simple tense. Because no matter what the subject is, all we have to do is add ‘d’ or ‘ed’ to the end of the verb. Here the verb is ‘play’, so I added ‘-ed’. ‘Liam played a game.’ ‘The car, or it needed gas.’ The verb here is ‘need’. For the past simple

tense, I added ‘-ed’. ‘We watched a movie.’ Again, an ‘ed’ at the of ‘watch’. ‘You exercised for an hour.’ In this case, the verb is ‘exercise’. I only need to add a ‘d’ to make it the past tense. And finally, ‘They usually worked after school.’ The verb is ‘work’. And I added an ‘ed’ to make it in the past tense. The word ‘usually’ shows that this was a habit. Remember, the past simple tense can be used to show past habits. Let's move on. Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense. Remember, for

regular verbs, we only add ‘d’ or ‘ed’ to make a verb into the past tense. However, for irregular verbs, we have to change the verb in a different way. Let's take a look at some examples. ‘I ate with my friend.’ The verb here is ‘ate’. ‘ate’ is the past simple tense of ‘eat’. The next example says, ‘Nara wrote a story.’ The verb is ‘write’. And because it's irregular to change it into the past tense, we change the verb to ‘wrote’. ‘You often came home late.’ The verb here is ‘come’ and it's been changed to ‘came’.

You'll notice that we had the word ‘often’ to show a habit. ‘We bought a camera.’ The verb here is ‘buy’ and it's been changed to ‘bought’ to show the past simple tense. And finally, ‘My parents sent me money for a year.’ Here the verb ‘sent’ is the past tense of ‘send’. Here we also see ‘for a year’, this shows duration. Let's move on. Now I will talk about the negative form for the 'be' verb in the past simple tense. Here are some examples. The first one says, ‘I was not hungry.’ For the past simple tense,

the negative 'be' verb I f the subject is ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’ or ‘it’, we say ‘was not’. For example, ‘I was not’ or ‘she was not’ or the contraction ‘wasn't’. ‘I wasn't’. ‘She wasn't’. So let's look again, ‘I was not hungry.’ ‘She wasn't home today.’ Now, if the subject is ‘you’, ‘we’ or ‘they’, We say ‘were not’ or the contraction ‘weren't’. ‘The children, or they were not quiet.’ ‘The children were not quiet.’ And then, ‘The dog', or it was not, or 'wasn't playful.’ Let's move on. Now, let's talk about how to form the negative in

the past simple tense for non-'be' verbs, regular or irregular. Here are some examples. ‘I did not like him.’ What we do for non-'be' verbs is simply put ‘did not’ after the subject. And you'll notice that for the verb, we don't make any changes. We keep the base verb. ‘He didn't catch the ball.’ Again, it's ‘he did not’, but here we used a contraction, ‘He didn't catch the ball.’ ‘They didn't dance.’ Again, here's the contraction for ‘did not’. And you'll notice that for the verb, we didn't change it at all. Here's an irregular verb, and here's

a regular verb, we keep them in the base form. And finally, ‘We didn't think about that.’ Again, we simply say ‘did not’ or ‘didn't’. Let's move on. Now I will introduce two ways to form questions for the past simple tense. Take a look at the first example. ‘He was angry.’ In this first sentence, we see the 'be' verb ‘was’. It's quite easy. All you have to do to turn this into a question is switch the order the first two words. ‘Was he angry?’ You can answer by saying ‘Yes, he was.’ or ‘No, he wasn't.’ The

next sentence also has a 'be' verb. ‘They were comfortable.’ So again, switch the first two words. ‘Were they comfortable?’ The answers can be, ‘Yes, they were.’ or ‘No, they weren't.’ However, look at the third sentence. ‘Sam lived here.’ There is no 'be' verb in this sentence. Instead, we see the action verb ‘lived’. So what we do is no matter what the subject, We start the question with ‘did’. ‘Did Sam live here?’ You'll notice that the verb no longer is in the past tense. We use the base form of the verb. ‘Did Sam live here?’ You

can say ‘Yes, he did.’ or ‘No, he didn't.’ The last sentence is similar. ‘They won the contest last year.’ The verb here is ‘won’, that's not a 'be' verb. So again, we start the question with ‘did’ . And then the subject ‘they’, we use the base form of the verb and that's ‘win’. ‘Did they win the contest last year?’ You can say, ‘Yes, they did.’ or ‘No, they didn't.’ Let's move on. Now I'll introduce how to create an answer WH questions in the past simple tense. Take a look at the board. We have some WH

words here. ‘What’ ‘When’ ‘Where’ and ‘Why’ You'll notice that after each WH word comes the word ‘did’. ‘What did’ ‘When did’ ‘Where did’ and ‘Why did’. What comes after that the subject and then the base form of the verb. So, let's take a look. ‘What did you do last night?’ ‘What did you do last night?’ I can answer by saying something like, ‘I watched a movie.’ Or ‘I read a book.’ You'll notice that the answer is in the past simple tense. ‘When did you get home last night?’ ‘I got home at 10 p.m.’ ‘Where did

they eat lunch?’ ‘They ate lunch at home.’ Again, ‘ate’ is the past tense of ‘eat’. Answer in the past simple tense. And finally, ‘Why did the company hire him?’ ‘The company hired him because he's a hard worker.’ Let's move on. In this first checkup, we'll take a look at practice questions using the 'be' verb in the past simple tense. Remember the 'be' verbs in the past simple tense are ‘was’ or ‘were’. Let's take a look at the first sentence. ‘He __ at work earlier.’ The subject here is ‘we’. So do we use ‘was’ or ‘were’?

The correct answer is ‘was’. ‘He was at work earlier.’ The next sentence says, ‘We _____ very happy yesterday.’ If the subject is ‘we’, remember the be verb is ‘were’. ‘We were very happy yesterday.’ Next, ‘My parents or they __ worried about me.’ If it's 'they', remember we have to say ‘were’. ‘My parents were worried about me.’ If I want to use the negative, I can also say ‘My parents weren't worried about me.’ And that's possible. Now I want you to find the mistake in the next sentence. ‘We wasn't good students.’ We wasn't good students. Can

you figure out what's wrong? The subject here is ‘we’, so we don't say ‘was not’. We need to say ‘were not’ or the contraction ‘weren't’. ‘We weren't good students,’ is the correct answer. The next one says, ‘Were she a teacher?’ Now, this is a question so the be verb comes at the beginning. That's correct, but the subject here is ‘she’. Therefore, we need to start with ‘was’. ‘Was she a teacher?’ And finally, ‘They wasn't at school.’ The subject is ‘they’, so the answer is ‘They weren't at school.’ You can use the contraction ‘weren't’ or ‘were

not’. Let's move on to the next checkup. Now, let's practice regular verbs in the past simple tense. Take a look at the first sentence. ‘He ____ at home.’ The verb is ‘study’. Remember, when changing a regular verb into the past tense, we add ‘d’ or ‘ed’ to the end of the verb. However, there's a separate rule for words that end in ‘y’. Such as, ‘study’. We drop the ‘y’ and we add ‘ied’. So the correct answer is, ‘He studied at home.’ The next sentence says, ‘We __ pencils.’ We want to use negative because it says

‘not use’. Remember for the negative, we always use ‘did not’, no matter what the subject. You can also use the contraction ‘didn't’. Now, what do we do to the verb? We keep it as ‘is’. We do not change it. ‘We didn't’ or ‘We did not’ use pencils. The next sentence says, ‘His friends or they walk to the gym.’ What's the past tense of ‘walk’? We simply have to add ‘ed’ because it's a regular verb. ‘His friends walked to the gym.’ Now, find a mistake in the next sentence. ‘She didn't likes math.’ ‘didn't’ is correct. However,

remember we keep the verb as ‘is’ in the base form. So we don't say ‘likes’. We say ‘like’. ‘She didn't like math.’ The next sentence says, ‘Did it rained this morning?’ Now this is a question. In a question, it’s right to start the sentence with ‘Did’. ‘Did it rained?’ Do you notice the mistake? Remember, we do not use the past tense form in the question. We use the base form of the verb. ‘Did it rain this morning?’ And finally, ‘They not play the piano.’ The verb is an action verb. So we need a ‘did’ in

front of ‘not’. ‘They did not play the piano.’ Let's move on to the next checkup. Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense. Take a look at the first sentence. ‘He __ to school.’ And the verb is ‘run’. ‘run’ is an irregular verb, so the past tense form is ‘ran’. ‘He ran to school.’ The next sentence says, ‘We __ flowers.’ We want to use the negative because here it says ‘not grow’. Remember, no matter what the subject in the negative form, we say ‘did not’ or ‘didn't’. Then we keep the verb in

its base form. ‘We did not grow’ or ‘We didn't grow flowers.’ The next sentence says, ‘Where __ you teach last year?’ This is a question. Again, all we need to put is ‘did’. ‘Where did you teach last year?’ It doesn't matter what the subject is. We always go with ‘did’. Next, try to find the mistake in the next sentence. ‘He didn't sold newspapers.’ Remember, in the negative, ‘didn't’ is correct for whatever subject there is. However, we need to keep the verb in its base form. So the correct answer is, ‘He didn't sell newspapers.’ The next

sentence says, ‘Did she sing a song?’ You'll notice it's a similar problem here. ‘sang’ is the irregular past tense form of ‘sing’. But in a question, if it starts with ‘did’, we use the base form. ‘Did she sing a song?’ And finally, ‘We taked it home.’ Does that sound right? ‘taked’ is not correct. The past tense of ‘take’ is ‘took’. ‘We took it home.’ Great job, everyone. Let's move on. Wow, we learned a lot in this video. Keep studying and reviewing the past simple tense. It's an essential tense that will help you talk about the

past. Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video. Bye. Hi, everybody. I'm Esther. In this video. I will introduce the past continuous tense. This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past. It can also be used to describe two actions happening at the same time in the past. There's a lot to learn so let's get started. Let's take a look at the first usage of the past continuous tense. This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past. Let's take a look

at these examples. ‘I was walking in the park in the evening.’ So first we start with the subject, ‘I’. For I, he, she, and it, we follow with ‘was’. ‘I was’ And then we add an ‘ING’ to the end of the verb. ‘I was walking’ Now take a look at the whole sentence. ‘I was walking in the park in the evening.’ You can see that this was an ongoing action and it happened in the past. Let's look at the next example. ‘She was living here last year.’ Here, the subject is ‘she’. So again we use

‘was’ and then ‘verb-ing’. Here we have another expression that shows that this action was happening in the past. ‘The dog,’ or ‘it’, ‘was eating dinner five minutes ago.’ The subject here is ‘the dog’ which can be replaced by the pronoun ‘it’. And so we follow with ‘was’. And finally, ‘Andy and Jim,’ we can replace this with ‘they’. For ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘were’. ‘They were’, or ‘Andy and Jim were working at 9:00 p.m.’ Let's move on. The past continuous tense is also used to describe an ongoing action in the past that was interrupted

by another action. This interrupting action is used in the past simple tense with the word ‘when’. Let's take a look at this example. ‘I was playing cards when you called.’ Again we start with the subject ‘was’ or ‘were’, and then ‘verb-ing’, so this is the action that was ongoing in the past, ‘I was playing cards’ The interrupting action in this sentence is ‘you called’. You'll notice I use the word ‘when’ to show the interrupting action’ And I used it in the past simple tense, ‘called’. Let's take a look at the next sentence. ‘The cat' or

'it' was eating when Eric came home.’ Again the action in progress is ‘the cat was eating’. And ‘Eric came home’, you'll notice the past simple tense. This is the interrupting action used with the word ‘when’. ‘We were sleeping when Anne arrived.’ Again we have the ongoing action in the past. The subject here is ‘we’. And so we used ‘were’ and then ‘verb-ing’. ‘When Anne arrived’ is the interrupting action. And finally, ‘Alicia and I’, or ‘We' were walking when we saw Mark.’ ‘When we saw Mark’ is the interrupting action that interrupted the ongoing ‘Alicia and I

were walking’. It's also important to note that we can also switch the order of the sentence around and say, ‘When you called, I was playing cards,’ or ‘When Eric came home, the cat was eating.’ Let's move on. Another usage for the past continuous tense is to talk about two actions that were happening at the same time in the past. We use the past continuous tense for both actions with the word ‘while’. Let's take a look at some examples. The first sentence says, ‘While I was playing soccer, she was watching Me.’ You'll notice that both actions

are in the past continuous tense. ‘I was playing soccer’ and ‘She was watching me’. The word ‘while’ at the beginning shows that these actions were happening at the sametime. ‘While you were reading, I was preparing dinner.’ Again both actions are expressed in the past continuous tense. The word ‘while’ shows that they were happening at the same time. ‘While Her husband’ or ‘he’, ‘was driving she was taking pictures.’ Both actions are in the past continuous tense. And finally, ‘While we were eating, the music was playing.’ Both actions were happening at the same time. Now, you'll notice

that in my examples the word ‘while’ comes at the beginning, however, it's important to note that you can move the word ‘while’ around in several ways. For example, instead of saying this, ‘While I was playing soccer, she was watching me.’ I can move ‘while’ to the middle of the sentence. ‘I was playing soccer while she was watching me.’ I can put the ‘while’ between the two actions. Or I can also change the sentence around and say, ‘While she was watching me, I was playing soccer.’ So it doesn't matter which action comes first with the ‘while’

if you put it in the Beginning. Let's move on. Now let's talk about the negative form of the past continuous tense. Here are some examples. ‘She was not reading last night.’ The subject is ‘she’ and so we use ‘was’. However, before the ‘verb-ing’, we add ‘not’. ‘She was not reading last night.’ I can use a contraction and say, ‘She wasn't reading last night.’ ‘We were not listening to music this morning.’ In this case, the subject is ‘we’ and so we use ‘were’. Again ‘not’ comes before the ‘verb-ing’. ‘We were not listening to music this morning.’

Again I can use a contraction and say, ‘We weren't listening to music this morning.’ And the next one says, ‘He wasn't watching TV when his dad came home.’ In this example, the contraction is already there for you, ‘He wasn't watching TV’. You'll notice the word ‘when’. Remember ‘when’ + ‘a past simple tense verb’ shows an interrupting action, so, ‘When his dad came home he wasn't watching TV.’ He was doing something else. And finally, ‘They weren't talking while the game was playing.’ The word ‘while’ is in this sentence. Remember that shows 2 past ongoing actions happening

at the same time, so ‘While the game was playing they weren't talking’. They were doing something else. Let's move on now. Let's talk about how to form ‘be’ verb questions for the past continuous tense. Take a look at the first statement. It says, ‘It was raining this morning.’ In order to turn this into a question, it's quite easy, All we have to do is change the order of the first two words. Instead of ‘It was’, I now say ‘Was it’ to make it a question. You'll notice that the rest of the words stay in the

same place. ‘Was it raining this morning?’ You can answer by saying, ‘Yes, it was.’ or ‘No, it wasn't.’ The next statement says, ‘They were living there when the fire happened.’ To turn this into a big question, again we just switched the order of the first two words. Instead of ‘They were’, we say ‘Were they’. And again, the rest of the words can stay in the same place. ‘Were they living there when the fire happened?’ And you can answer by saying, ‘Yes, they were’ or ‘No, they weren't.’ Let's continue on. Now I'll go into how to

make WH questions for the past continuous tense. You'll notice that the examples here all begin with some WH words. For example, ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘why’, and ‘who’. Let's take a look at the first question. ‘What were they doing last night?” The subject of this sentence is ‘they’. So what you do is after the WH word you put the proper ‘be’ verb. In this case, ‘were’. ‘What were they doing last night?’ You'll notice that after the subject comes the ‘verb-ing’. ‘What were they doing last night?’ I can answer by saying, ‘They were playing games’ or ‘They were

reading a book’. The next question says, ‘Where was he working last week?’ In this case the subject is ‘he’ and so the be verb to use is ‘was’. ‘Where was he working last week?’ I can say, ‘He was working in Canada.’ ‘Why was she crying when she finished the book?’ In this case, the subject is ‘she’ and so I put ‘was’ after ‘why’. ‘Why was she crying when she finished the book?’ I can say, ‘She was crying because the ending was sad.’ And finally, ‘Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?’ In

this case, ‘the children’ is a ‘they’ so we follow 'who' with ‘were’. ‘Who were they’ or ‘Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?’ To answer, I can say, ‘The children’ or ‘They were staying with their dad.’ Let's move on. In this section, let's do a checkup for the past continuous tense. Take a look at the first sentence. ‘Last night they were blank at school.’ I want you to try to fill in the blank with the negative for the verb ‘stay’. ‘not stay’ What do you think it is? Remember, for the negative

of the past continuous, all you have to do is put ‘not’ and then ‘verb-ing’ after the 'be' verb. ‘They were not staying at school last.’ ‘Last night, they were not staying at school.’ The next sentence says, ‘Two days ago you blank soccer.’ Again try the negative for the verb ‘play’. ‘Two days ago blank not play soccer.’ In this case, the first thing that's missing is the ‘be’ verb. If the subject is ‘you’, can you think of which be verb needs to be put in there? The correct answer is ‘were’. And then, we say ‘not’. What

happens after that? Remember, ‘verb-ing’. So ‘you were not playing’ ‘two days ago, you were not playing soccer’ You can also use a contraction and say, ‘You weren't playing soccer.’ Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence. ‘Yesterday, she were reading at home.’ hmmm The subject of this sentence is ‘she’ so the ‘be’ verb to use is not ‘were’. It's 'was'. ‘Yesterday, she was reading at home.’ In the next sentence it says, ‘Tomorrow, they were seeing their friends.’ hmmm ‘They’ and ‘were’ That's correct. And we have the ‘verb-ing’ So what's the mistake? Remember the

past continuous is for the past. ‘Tomorrow’ is not the past. So instead, we need to put a word that shows the past. For example, I can say, ‘yesterday’. ‘Yesterday, they were seeing their friends.’ Let's move on. Now, let's start a checkup of the ‘when’ usage of the past continuous tense. Take a look at the first example. It says, ‘Andrea and John’ blank when they bank hurt.’ Remember ‘when’ shows an interrupting action. It needs to be used with the past simple tense. So let's first look at the second blank. ‘When they blank hurt’ What's the past

tense of the verb ‘get’? The answer is ‘got’. Now let's take a look at the action that was in progress in the past. ‘Andrea and John’ or ‘they’ Well what comes after ‘they’? ‘were’. ‘Andrea and John were’ Then remember we need to add -ing to the verb. ‘They were skiing’ or ‘Andrea and John were skiing when they got hurt’. The next example says, ‘It blank not raining when the game blank’. And I want you to use the verb ‘start’ for the second blank. Take a look ‘when the game blank’ what's the past tense of ‘start’?

‘started’ Now let's look at the first part of the sentence. The subject is ‘it’. So what ‘be’ verb do we use for 'it'? ‘was’ ‘It was not raining when the game started.’ Now find the mistake in the next sentence. ‘I wasn't study at the library yesterday’. The subject here is ‘I’ and so the ‘be’ verb ‘was’ is correct. Here there's a contraction, ‘I wasn't’ for ‘I was not’. Now the problem is with the verb. Remember we need to put ‘–ing’ at the end of the verb. ‘I wasn't studying at the library yesterday.’ And finally, ‘We

did meet our friends last weekend.’ That sounds right, but remember we're doing the past continuous tense. Take a look again. The subject is ‘we’. We need a ‘be’ verb. ‘were’ Then what happens? Remember, we need to add an ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb, so we take out ‘did’ and say, ‘We were meeting our friends last weekend.’ Let's move on. Now, for this checkup, we'll look at the ‘while’ usage of the past continuous tense. Take a look at the first example. ‘While I blank someone blank my bike.’ When we use ‘while’ in the past

continuous tense, we're showing that two actions happened at the same time in the past or they were happening at the same time in the past. So we need to use the past continuous for both actions. ‘While I blank’ I want you to use ‘shop’ in the first blank. Remember, the subject here is ‘I’ so I need to use the ‘be’ verb ‘was’. Then ‘verb-ing’. ‘While I was shopping’ Now ‘someone’ can be a ‘he’ or ‘she’. Therefore, again we need to use ‘was’ And then the ‘verb-ing’ of ‘steal’. ‘While I was shopping, someone was stealing my

bike.’ The next sentence says, ‘While he blank’ I want you to use the verb ‘cook’. The subject is ‘he’ and so I need to use ‘was cooking’. ‘While he was cooking, his girlfriend was cleaning.’ Did you get that? Let's move on. Try to find the mistake in the next sentence. ‘Jane was looking for us while we get off the plane.’ The first part of the sentence is correct. ‘Jane was looking’ Now the second part of the sentence. Notice it's not in the past continuous tense. ‘While we get off the plane’ So what we need to

do is say, ‘were getting’. ‘Jane was looking for us while we were getting off the plane.’ The next sentence says, 'I was watching TV while my wife sleep’ Again this part of the sentence did not use the past continuous tense. My wife is a ‘she’ and so I need to say ‘was sleeping’. ‘I was watching TV while my wife was sleeping.’ Great job, everyone. Let's move on. Good job, everybody in learning the past continuous tense. This tense can be a little difficult and a little tricky. Especially when it comes to the ‘when’ and ‘while’ usage.

It'll take some practice to really master it, but I know you can do it. Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video. Hi, everybody. I'm Esther. In this video, I will introduce the past perfect tense. This tense is used to describe an action that took place at a specific time in the past. This tense can be a little tricky, but don't worry I will guide you through it. There's so much to learn and it's a very important tense. So keep watching. Let's take a look at the first usage of the past perfect

tense. This tense can be used to describe an action in the past that happened before another action in the past. Here are some examples. ‘I have visited China before I moved there.’ No matter what the subject you follow with ‘had’, So that's easy. ‘I had’ ‘Steve had’ ‘The plane had’ and ‘We had’. Then, we follow with the past participle of the verb. In this case, it's ‘visited’. ‘I had visited China.’ Now you'll notice that the second verb is in the past simple tense. ‘I moved there.’ And I'll talk about that a little bit more later

on. ‘Steve had bought the book.’ Again, ‘subject’, ‘had’ and ‘past participle’. In this case, the verb is ‘buy’. ‘Steve had bought the book before he read it.’ Again, we have the simple tense of ‘read’ which is ‘read’. And finally, ‘The plane had left by the time I got to the airport.’ Again, the first part of this sentence is in the past perfect tense. ‘The plane had left’. This is the past participle of ‘leave’. The second verb says, ‘I got to the airport.’ ‘got’ is the past tense of ‘get’. Now what these three sentences have in

common is that you'll see, ‘before’. ‘before’ or ‘by the time’. They all mean the same thing. The verb that is in the past perfect tense happened first. The verb that's in the past simple tense happen after. So again, for the first example. ‘before I move there’ That happened later. Before that, ‘I had already visited China.’ Do you understand how that works? Let's take a look at the last example. ‘When they arrived, we had already started the game.’ So maybe they were late or something had happened. But ‘When they arrived’, this is the past simple tense.

So this happened second. ‘We had already started the game.’ This action had already started. It started before this action. Let's move on. Earlier I mentioned that the past perfect tense can be used to describe an action that happened in the past before another action in the past. We can do the same thing but also emphasize the duration. How long that first action happened. We do this by using four and a duration. Let's take a look. ‘I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’ This is very similar to the first usage. ‘I had’

and the past participle of the verb. This part shows the action that happened earlier in the past. The second part, ‘it broke’. The past simple tense verb shows the action in the past that happened later than the first action. However, you'll notice that this sentence has a duration, ‘for two months’. ‘I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’ All I'm doing here is showing how long the first action had been true. Let's take a look at the next example. ‘Jim had been lonely for a long time until he got a puppy.’ Again,

we have subject ‘had’, past participle. And then we have the past simple ‘he got a puppy’. All we're doing here is emphasizing how long first action had been true. He had been lonely for a long time. That is until the later action, ‘he got a puppy.’ And finally, ‘She and I had been friends for many years before she became my wife.’ The first part of the sentence is the past perfect. It happened before she became my wife. But I want to explain how long that had been true for many years. Let's move on. Now I'll

introduce how to form the negative in the past perfect tense. Take a look at the board. The first sentence says, ‘I had not eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’ Again, we have the past perfect tense here and the past simple tense here. This one is the action that happened earlier in the past And this one over here is the action that happened later in the past. However, because this is the negative, what I'm going to do is add a 'not' between the ‘had’ and the past participle of the verb. So I say, ‘I

have not eaten’. Or I can use the contraction and say, ‘I hadn't eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’ The next sentence is very similar.’ ‘She had not been to the circus before she went last week.’ Here's the action that happened earlier in the past, and here's the action that happened later in the past. However, again, because it's negative, I put a 'not' between ‘had’ and the past participle of the verb. Also, I can use the contraction and say, ‘She hadn't been to the circus.’ The next sentence says, ‘The cat hadn't chased the bird

for very long before it flew away.’ Remember, we can show duration, or how long the first action was true. by using 'for' and a duration. Because this is the negative form, again, I use 'had not' after the subject and before the past participle of the verb In this case, the contraction ‘hadn't’ is already there for you. ‘We hadn't known each other for three months before we married.’ That's a pretty short time. It shows the duration by saying ‘for’, How long? ‘three months’ Let's move on. Now, let's take a look at questions using ‘had’ in the

past perfect tense. Take a look at the first sentence. It says, ‘She had eaten lunch by noon.’ Now, to turn this into a question is quite easy. All you have to do is change the order of the first two words. So instead of ‘she had’, we say ‘Had she’. ‘Had she eaten lunch by noon?’ You can say, ‘Yes, she had.’ or ‘No, she hadn't.’ The next sentence says, ‘It had rained before they left.’ Again simply switched the order of the first two words. Instead of ‘It had’, say ‘Had it’ to make a question. ‘Had it

rained before they left?’ To reply you can say, ‘Yes, it had.’ or ‘No, it hadn't.’ Let's move on now. I'll go into how to form ‘WH’ questions in the past perfect tense. Let's take a look. Here we see at the beginning of each question a 'WH' word. ‘where’, ‘who’, ‘what’, and ‘how’. Let's take a look at the first question. ‘Where had he traveled before?’ You'll notice that after each ‘WH’ word, we have ‘had’. And then the subject and then the past participle of the verb. ‘Where had he traveled before?’ The next question says, ‘Who had

she talked to before?’ This is the same thing the ‘WH’ word ‘had she’ and then the past participle. You'll notice here that we have the word ‘before’, but we didn't write a specific point in time. If you see that it simply means before now. The next question says, ‘What had he eaten before lunch?’ Again we follow the same formula, however, here it says ‘lunch for you'. The last one says, ‘How long had she known him before she dated him?’ Again how long ‘had’ + ‘subject’ and then the past participle. Let's take a look at how

to answer these questions. ‘Where had he traveled before?’ ‘He had traveled to Europe.’ is one possible answer. ‘Who had she talked to before?’ Here I can say, ‘She had talked to her brother.’ ‘What had he eaten before lunch?’ ‘He had eaten sushi before lunch.’ And finally, ‘How long had she known him before she dated him?’ ‘She had known him for three years.’ That is one possible answer. Let's move on. Now let's take a look at some practice exercises for the basic usage of the past perfect tense. Take a look at the first sentence. ‘I blank

for six hours before I had a break.’ The verb here is ‘work’. Remember, we need to say ‘I had’. No matter what the subject is, say ‘had’. And then, you take the past participle of the verb. In this case, we would say ‘worked’. ‘I had worked for six hours before I had a break.’ For the next sentence, I want you to try the negative form. ‘We blank TV before we listened to the radio.’ Remember, for the negative form, we say ‘had not’ or we use the contraction, ‘hadn't’. ‘We hadn’t’. And then, we need the past

participle. ‘We hadn't watched TV before we listened to the radio.’ Now find the mistake in the next sentence. ‘Reggie had it be to Mexico before he went to Peru.’ Well, we have the subject here and for the negative, ‘hadn't’ is correct. However, we need the past participle of the verb ‘be’. So the correct answer is, ‘Reggie hadn't been to Mexico before he went to Peru.’ And finally, ‘Sally and Jan or they had do their job.’ Hmm. Remember, we need the past participle. We don't say do. We say ‘done’. ‘Sally and Jan had done their job

before they watched TV.’ Let's move on. In this checkup, we'll take a look at some practice exercises for the past perfect tense that describes how long. Let's take a look at the first sentence. ‘You blank at the park for three hours before you came home.’ Remember, we start with the subject and then ‘had’. So I'm going to add that here, then we need the past participle of the verb ‘be’. And that is ‘been’. ‘You had been at the park for three hours before you came home.’ The next sentence says, ‘They blank for six hours before

they took a break.’ Again, no matter what the subject, we have ‘had’ and then the past participle. So the answer is, ‘They had studied for six hours before they took a break.’ Now, find the mistake in the next sentence. It's a little bit longer so it might take you a while. ‘They had been known each other for ten years before they had their first fight.’ Can you find the mistake? Well, we have the subject and ‘had’, but check this out. There are two past participles here. We need to get rid of one of them. We

can take out this verb and say, ‘They had known each other for ten years before they had their first fight.’ The next sentence says, ‘I have played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’ This sentence doesn't look wrong at first. But remember, in the past perfect tense, we need to say ‘had’. ‘I had played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’ Good job, everybody. Let's move on. Great job, everyone. Now you have a better understanding of the past perfect tense. I know it can be a little difficult but keep

studying, and keep practicing, and you will get better. I know studying English is not easy but with time and effort, I know you'll master it. Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you in the next video. Hi, everybody. I'm Esther. In this video, I will introduce the past perfect continuous tense. It's a great tense that helps you express an ongoing action in the past continuing up to another point in the past. There's a lot to learn, so keep watching. One usage of the past perfect continuous tense is to talk about an ongoing action

in the past that continued up to another point in the past. You can use ‘for’ and a duration to talk about how long that action was in progress. Here are some examples. ‘I had been waiting for the bus for two hours before it arrived.’ You'll notice that at the beginning. It doesn't matter what the subject is, we follow with ‘had been’. For example, ‘I had been’, ‘Chuck had been’, And ‘Tom and Kim had been.’ And then we follow with the verb ‘-ing’. ‘waiting’. ‘I had been waiting.’ Now this is the ongoing action that happened first.

Again, four and two hours shows the duration. The second part says, ‘it arrived’. This verb is in the past simple tense. Therefore, that is the second action. It's the action that this first action happened until this action happened, so again, ‘I had been waiting for the bus,’ happened first. And then, it happened until the bus arrived. ‘Chuck had been cooking,’ Again, that part's easy. No matter what’s the subject, we say ‘had been’ and then verb ‘-ing’. Again, I can show how long Chuck had been cooking by saying ‘for an hour’, showing the duration. And then,

I finished by saying, ‘before he finished’. He had been cooking up to this point in the past. Finally, ‘Tom and Kim had been walking,’ This part should be familiar to you by now, ‘for an hour’ Again, that shows duration. ‘before they rested.’ So they had been walking for an hour before they took a break. Before they rested. Let's move on. The past perfect continuous tense is also used to express cause and effect in the past. The verb that's in the past perfect continuous tense shows the cause, why something happened. We can use ‘because’ or ‘so’

to show the cause and effect. Here, I'll explain. ‘Jason was tired because he had been jogging.’ The first part of the sentence is in the past tense. ‘Jason was tired,’ However, we see ‘why?’ Well, because, ‘he had been jogging’. The second part of this sentence is in the past perfect continuous tense. ‘he had been’, remember no matter what the subject, we follow with ‘had been’ and jogging – ‘verb -ing’. ‘he had been jogging’ This shows why Jason was tired. The next sentence says, ‘The pavement’ or it ‘was wet because it had been raining.’ Similar to

the first sentence, ‘it had been raining’ shows the cause. Why was the pavement wet? ‘The pavement was wet because it had been raining.’ In this sentence, we see a little difference. ‘The children had been playing’ Again, this is the past perfect continuous tense. ‘had been playing’ The second part says, ‘the room was a mess’. So here, instead of ‘because’ like the first two sentences, I used ‘so’. So the order has been changed but the meaning is the same. This, ‘the children had been playing’ is why the room was a mess. This is the cause and

this is the effect. Let's move on. Now let's go into the negative form of the past perfect continuous tense. Here are some examples. ‘I had not been working for a day before I quit.’ So no matter what the subject ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘she’, or ‘it’, just like in the affirmative, we say ‘had’, but after the ‘had’, in the negative form, we add ‘not’. ‘had not’ ‘had not’ or you can use the contraction ‘hadn't’. Which is a combination of ‘had’ and ‘not’ together. ‘I had not been working’ The rest of the sentence is the same. ‘been +

verb -ing’ ‘I had not been working for a day before I quit.’ The next sentence says, ‘You had not been cutting onions for long before you cried.’ Again, the ‘not’ goes between ‘had’ and ‘been’. ‘She hadn't been studying for long when she fell asleep.’ Here, we have the contraction. And finally, ‘It hadn't been snowing for long when it stopped.’ Again, we have the contraction for ‘had not’ here. You'll notice that in the first two sentences, I used ‘before’. And in the last two, I used ‘when’. Either one can be used to show when the first

action stopped. Let's move on. Now let's go into how to form basic questions in the past perfect continuous tense. Here is the first example. ‘He had been driving all day before he arrived.’ Now, to turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the first two words. Instead of ‘He had’, now I can say, ‘Had he’, in order to form a question. ‘Had he been driving all day before he arrived?’ The next sentence says, ‘The dog had been barking because it was scared.’ In this case, the subject is ‘The

dog’. And then we follow with ‘had’. To turn this into a question, again, we switch the order. ‘Had the dog been barking because it was scared?’ You'll notice that in the question, the rest of the words stay in the same place. Now, in the first question, we're asking how long an action happened, Or how long it was ongoing in the past. And in this question, we ask about cause and effect. Let's move on. Now, I'll introduce how to form WH questions in the past perfect continuous tense. Take a look at these examples. You'll notice that

they all start with a WH word. Why, where, what, and who. You might also have noticed that after we have ‘had’. ‘Why had’ ‘Where had’ ‘What had’ and ‘Who had’ In the first question, after that comes the subject. ‘Why had you’ And then ‘been + verb -ing’ And that's the same pattern we follow for all of these sentences. So ‘Why had you been studying so much?’ I can answer by saying, ‘I had been studying so much because I have a test.’ ‘Where had you been traveling before you came here?’ I can say, ‘I had been

traveling through Asia.’ ‘What had they been playing before they played soccer?’ I can answer, ‘They had been playing baseball.’ And finally, ‘Who had she been talking to before she left home?’ I can answer, ‘She had been talking to her boyfriend.’ Let's move on. Let's start a checkup for the past perfect continuous tense. Take a look at the first sentence. It says, ‘They __ for a long time before they went home.’ Try to fill in the blank with the verb ‘work’ in this tense. Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow the subject with ‘had been’.

So we say, ‘They had been’. What happens to the verb? Remember, we add ‘-ing’. So the sentence is, ‘They had been working for a long time before they went home.’ Now, take a look at the second sentence. I want you to use the negative. ‘I __ TV for a year before I started again.’ Remember, the negative form for this tense starts with the subject and then ‘had not been’. Or I can use the contraction ‘hadn't’. ‘I hadn't been’ And then again, verb ‘-ing’. ‘I hadn't been watching TV for a year before I started again.’ Now,

try to find the mistake in this next sentence. ‘Gina and I hadn't been do any work before we started.’ What's the error? You'll notice that the verb does not have an ‘-ing’. To make the sentence correct, we must say, ‘Gina and I hadn't been doing any work before we started.’ Now, find the mistake here. ‘He had be watching YouTube because he had some free time.’ ‘He had’, that's correct, but we need to change ‘be’ to been’. And ‘watching’ is correct. So, ‘He had been watching YouTube because he had some free time.’ Let's move on. Now,

let's move on to another checkup of the past perfect continuous tense. Take a look at the first example. It says, ‘The company __ employees because they worked hard.’ Use the verb ‘promote’ in the past perfect continuous tense. Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow with ‘had been’. So we say, ‘The company had been’ and then verb ‘-ing’, so ‘promoting’. ‘The company had been promoting employees because they worked hard.’ The next example says, ‘I __ your emails for a while because they went to the spam folder.’ Here, try to use the negative form with the

verb ‘get’. Remember, in the negative form, we say ‘had not been getting’ Or the contraction ‘hadn't been getting’. ‘I hadn't been getting your emails for a while because they went to the spam folder.’ Now look for the mistake in the next sentence. ‘I had been work a lot because I needed the money.’ What's the mistake? Remember, we need to add ‘-ing’ to the verb. ‘I had been working a lot because I needed the money.’ The last sentence says, ‘He has been smoking because he was stressed.’ Can you find the mistake? Remember, we're practicing the past

perfect continuous. In this case, we need ‘had’ after the subject, not ‘has’. Great job, everyone. Let's move on. Thank you so much for watching this grammar course on the past tense. Now, if you haven’t had a chance to check out my grammar course on the present tense or the future tense, make sure you do that now. Thank you again for watching and I will see you next time. Bye. Hi, everyone. I'm Esther. In this video, I will introduce the future simple tense Using 'will' and 'be going to'. This is a very important tense that will

help you express future actions and plans. There's a lot to learn, so let's get started. The future simple tense can be used to express a future action. Let's take a look at some examples. ‘I'm cold.’ Well that's right now. ‘I will close the window.’ We start with the subject ‘will’. And then, the base verb. ‘I will close the window.’ In this example, I'm making a sudden decision because how I feel right now. I will close the window because I'm cold right now. ‘I will be at the library tomorrow.’ Again, you start with the subject and

then ‘will’. After that, you have the base verb. You can use the ‘be’ verb to talk about a confirmed plan. ‘I will be at the library tomorrow.’ The economy will get better next year. In this case, the subject is ‘the economy’. Again, we follow with ‘will’ and the base verb ‘get’. ‘The economy will get better next year.’ I'm making a prediction here about something that will happen in the future. And finally, ‘I will help you with your homework.’ I'm making a future plan to help you. ‘I will help you with your homework.’ It doesn't say

when but I am talking about the future. Let's move on. You can also use ‘be going to’ to express a future action. It's almost the same as ‘will’. Here are some examples. ‘There's no milk. I'm going to buy some.’ So what you see here is the subject and then the ‘be’ verb - ‘am’. ‘I am’ And then here we used a contraction ‘I'm’. ‘I'm going to buy some.’ I made a decision to buy some because there's no milk. The next sentence says, ‘It looks like it's going to snow tomorrow.’ Here the subject is ‘it’ and

so I use the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’. ‘it is’ ‘It's’ is the contraction. ‘It's going to’ And then we use the base verb ‘snow’. The word ‘tomorrow’ shows that this is a future action. ‘He's going to take a trip in the summer.’ Because the subject is ‘he’, we use the ‘be’ verb – is. And we can use the contraction ‘he's’. ‘he is’ or ‘he's’ going to And then the base verb ‘take’ ‘take a trip in the summer’ Again an action happening in the future. Let's move on. Now, let's take a look at the negative form

of the future simple tense. The first example says, ‘Stan will not like his English score.’ No matter what the subject is, we follow with ‘will not’ and then the base form of the verb. ‘Stan will not like his English score.’ ‘We won't give you money anymore.’ In this case, the subject is ‘we’. And we follow with the contraction ‘won't’. It sounds really different and it's different from other contractions, but ‘won't’ is the contraction for ‘will not’ so you can say ‘we will not’ or ‘we won't’. They're the same. ‘We won't give you money anymore.’ Again,

you notice the base verb ‘give’ after ‘not’. ‘He is not going to fly until next week.’ This sentence uses ‘be going to’. The subject is ‘he’. And therefore the ‘be’ verb we use is – ‘is’ However we put a ‘not’ after the ‘be’ verb. ‘He is not going to …’ And then the base verb. ‘He is not going to fly until next week.’ The last sentence says, ‘You are not going to go to the party tonight.’ The subject is ‘you’ and so we use the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’. ‘You are not going to go …’

That's the base verb. ‘… to the party tonight.’ Let's move on. Now let's take a look at how to form basic questions in the future simple tense. The first sentence says, ‘He will play with us.’ To turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the first two words. So ‘He will becomes ‘Will he’. ‘Will he play with us?’ ‘The next sentence says, ‘He is going to play with us.’ This one uses ‘be going to’. The subject is ‘he’. And so the ‘be’ verb to use is – ‘is’. Then

we have ‘going to’ and then the base verb. ‘He is going to play with us.’ When I make a question, I simply again change the order of the first two words. ‘Is he going to play with us?’ Now if the subject were to be ‘you’ or ‘we’ or ‘they’, we would say ‘they are’. And so the question would say, ‘Are they'. 'Are they going to play with them?’ For example. So again, remember, for ‘will’ in the future simple tense, just say ‘will’ subject and then the base form of the verb. However for ‘be going to’

questions, make sure that you pay attention to the proper 'be' verb to use at the beginning of the question. To answer the first question, ‘Will he play with us?’ You can say ‘Yes, he will’ or ‘No, he won't’. ‘Is he going to play with us?’ You can say, ‘Yes, he's going to’ or ‘No, he isn't going to’. Let's move on. Let's look at how to form ‘WH’ questions in the future simple tense. If you notice each question begins with a ‘WH’ word. Who When Where And What The first two sentences use ‘will’ for the future

simple tense. ‘Who will win the game?’ To answer I can say, ‘My team will win the game.’ ‘When will they arrive?’ ‘They will arrive in two hours.’ Now these two sentences have ‘be going to’. ‘Where is he going to study?’ In this case, I have the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’ because the subject is ‘he’. ‘Where is he going to study?’ I can say, ‘He is going to study at the library.’ And finally, ‘What are you going to do?’ In this case, I use the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’ because the subject is ‘you’. ‘What are you

going to do?’ ‘I am going to take a shower.’ Let's move on. For this checkup let's take a look at the will usage for the future simple tense. The first example says, ‘Jen and Paul [blank] home soon’ with the verb ‘go’. Remember, when using ‘will’ for the future simple tense, it doesn't matter what the subject is. We say ‘will’ and then the base verb. So here we can say, ‘Jen and Paul’ or ‘They will go home soon’. ‘I [blank] a scientist after I graduate.’ Try filling in the blank with ‘be’. Again, we simply say ‘will

be’. ‘I will be a scientist after I graduate.’ Now try this one, ‘We [blank] that because it smells bad.’ I want you to use the negative form with the verb ‘eat’. Here we say, ‘will not eat’ or remember we can use the contraction ‘won't’. ‘We will not eat that’ or ‘We won't eat that because it smells bad’. Now look for the mistake in this sentence. ‘I will eat a pizza for lunch.’ Remember, we need the base form of the verb. ‘I will eat a pizza for lunch.’ ‘Angie and I will playing a game.’ Again we

need the base form of the verb. Angie and I will play a game.’ And finally, ‘Will she be cook dinner?’ This is a question. However we need to say, ‘Will she cook dinner.’ We do not need a ‘be’ verb here. Let's move on. Let's practice the ‘be going to’ usage of the future simple tense. ‘We [blank] going to _blank_ soccer.’ I want you to use the verb ‘watch’. Remember, for ‘be going to’ in the future simple tense, we start with the subject and then the ‘be’ verb. The subject here is ‘we’. So we need the

‘be’ verb – ‘are’. ‘We are going to’ and then the base verb ‘watch’. ‘We are going to watch soccer.’ ‘I [blank] going to [blank].’ The verb is ‘talk’. And I want you to use the negative form. In this case, the subject is ‘I’. And so I use the ‘be’ verb – ‘am’. ‘I am’ and then we need ‘not’. ‘I am not going to’ Then the base verb ‘talk’. ‘Why [blank] you going to [blank]?’ The verb here is ‘go’. In a question, especially a ‘WH’ question, we start with the ‘WH’ word, and then the ‘be’ verb.

‘are’ is the correct ‘be’ verb because the subject is ‘you’. Then we have ‘going to’. And again, the base form of the verb. ‘Why are you going to go?’ Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence. ‘You are going to studying at home.’ Can you find the mistake? ‘You are going to’ that's correct. But we need the base form of the verb. ‘You are going to study at home.’ ‘You will be going to learn English.’ ‘You will be going’ That sounds a little strange. Remember, we don't need the ‘will’ here. We're using ‘be

going to’ and we need to change the ‘be’ verb to match the subject. ‘You are going to learn English’. Or remember, you can also say, ‘You will learn English. And finally ‘Is he going to do play soccer.’ uh-oh We have two verbs here. ‘Is he going to’ - that's correct. But we have ‘do’ and ‘play’. We don't need both, so we say, ‘Is he going to play soccer?’ Great job everybody. Let's move on. Great job, everyone. You now have a better understanding of the future simple tense. There's still a lot of practice you need to

do because this tense is so important. Keep studying and I'll see you in the next video. Hi, everybody. I'm Esther. In this video, I will introduce the future continuous English grammar tense. This tense can be used to express an ongoing action in the future. I'll go over the basics of this lesson. And by the end you'll have a better idea of when to use this tense. There's a lot to learn, so let's get started. One usage of the future continuous tense is to talk about an ongoing action that will happen in the future. We include

when this action will be happening. We can use ‘will be’ or ‘be going to be’. To do this, let's take a look at some examples. ‘I will be taking the test soon.’ So you can see here we have the subject and then ‘will be’. After that, we include verb +ing. The word ‘soon’ at the end of this sentence indicates when this action will be happening. ‘I am going to be taking the test soon.’ This sentence means the same thing as the first sentence, but instead of ‘will be’, we used ‘be going to be’. Here the

subject is ‘I’. And therefore we have the ‘be’ verb ‘am’. ‘I am going to be’ And then verb +ing. ‘I am going to be taking the test soon.’ I can also use the contraction and say. ‘I'm going to be taking the test soon.’ The next sentence says, ‘He will be sleeping by 10 p.m.’ And the last sentence says, ‘They are going to be …’ Here, because the subject is ‘they’, we use ‘are’. ‘They are going to be studying …’ There's the verb +ing ‘… next October.’ ‘by 10 pm’ and ‘next October’ show when these actions

will be happening. Let's move on. The future continuous tense is also used to show that a short action in the future is happening during or while a longer action is in progress in the future,. We can use the word ‘when’ to show when the shorter action occurs. Take a look at the first example, ‘I will be sleeping when they arrive.’ Here we see two actions, ‘I will be sleeping’ and ‘they arrive’. The part of the sentence that's in the future continuous tense is the longer action that's in progress in the future. ‘I will be sleeping.’

Remember, ‘I will be’ and then verb +ing. This is the action that is ongoing in the future. Then we see ‘when they arrive’. This is in the present tense. ‘they arrive’ This is the shorter action that happens while this action is ongoing. ‘We will be having dinner when the movie starts.’ This is very similar to the first sentence. ‘We will be having dinner …’ That's the ongoing action that will happen in the future. And while this is happening, the movie will start. But again, we use the present tense here. ‘the movie starts’ So we will

be having dinner when the movie starts. ‘Tina is going to be working when you leave.’ Remember, we can use ‘be going to be’ in this tense so, ‘She is going to be working when you leave.’ This shorter action will happen while this ongoing action is in progress. And finally, ‘It will be raining when you go shopping’. Again, this is the ongoing action. And this is the shorter action. Let's move on. Now, I'll talk about the negative form of the future continuous tense. Here are some examples: ‘He will not be reading before bed.’ For the negative

form, after the subject and ‘will’, we say ‘not be’. And then verb +ing. ‘He will not be reading before bed.’ He'll be doing something else. The next sentence says, ‘My dad won't be cheering when the game ends.’ So this is very similar to the first sentence. We have the subject, ‘my dad,’ and instead of ‘will not’ we use the contraction ‘won't’. Remember, ‘won't’ is a contraction for ‘will not’. ‘My dad won't …’ and then we have ‘be’ verb +ing. ‘My dad won't be cheering when the game ends.’ The next sentence says, ‘He is not going

to be working tomorrow.’ Here we have the ‘be going to be’. So ‘he’ is the subject and so we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’. After the ‘be’ verb, we say ‘not’. He is not going to ‘be’ verb +ing. ‘He is not going to be working tomorrow.’ Remember, we can also use a contraction here and say, ‘He isn't going to be working tomorrow.’ That's okay as well. ‘We aren't going to be shopping on Sunday.’ Here the subject is ‘we’. And so the ‘be’ verb to use is ‘are’. I use the contraction here ‘aren't’ for ‘are not’.

‘We are not …’ or ‘We aren't going to be shopping on Sunday.’ Great job. Let's move on. Now let's talk about how to form basic questions in the future continuous tense. Take a look at this first sentence. It says, ‘He will be traveling next month.’ Now, to turn this into a question, all you have to do is change the order of the first two words. So ‘He will’ becomes ‘Will he’. ‘Will he be traveling next month?’ You'll notice that the rest of the words don't change. Only the first two words. So, ‘Will he be traveling

next month?’ To answer you can say, ‘Yes, he will.’ or ‘No, he won't.’ The next sentence says, ‘They are going to be living there.’ Again to turn this into a question, simply switch the order of the first two words. ‘They are’ becomes ‘Are they’. ‘Are they going to be living there?’ To reply you can say, ‘Yes, they are.’ or ‘No, they aren't.’ Now, you'll notice in these two sentences, there is no exact point in time that shows when this action will be happening in the future. There is no ‘next month’ or anything like that. In

that case, it simply means sometime in the future. So, they are going to be living there sometime in the future. That's what that means. Great job, everyone. Let's move on. Now, I'll go into how to form ‘WH’ questions in the future continuous tense. Take a look at the board. First, you'll notice that all of these questions begin with the ‘Wh’ words - ‘Where,’ ‘What,’ ‘Who,’ and ‘When’. Let's take a look at the first question. ‘Where will he be working?’ When we use ‘will be’, we start with ‘Where’ and then ‘will’. After that, we have the

subject + be and then verb +ing. ‘Where will he be working?’ I can answer by saying, ‘He will’ or ‘He'll be working at the factory.’ The next question says, ‘What will she be watching?’ This is very similar to the first question. The only difference is that the subject is now ‘she’ and the verb is different. ‘What will she be watching?’ I can say, ‘She'll be watching’ or ‘She will be watching her favorite tv show’. ‘Who will they be talking to?’ Again, very similar. To answer,I can say, ‘They will be talking to their mom.’ The last

question has ‘be going to be’. ‘When are we …’ here the subject is ’we’. So we start with the ‘be verb’ – ‘are’. ‘When are we going to be meeting Casey?’ I can say, ‘We are going to be meeting Casey later tonight.’ Good job, everybody. Let’s move on. Let's start a checkup for the future continuous tense. Take a look at the first sentence. It says, ‘They _blank_ at school tomorrow.’ I want you to use ‘will' and then the verb ‘study’, for this tense. Remember, in the future continuous tense, no matter what the subject, we say

‘will be’ and then verb +ing. So the correct answer for this sentence is ‘they will be studying’ ‘They will be studying at school tomorrow.’ The next sentence says. ‘Jesse _blank_ a TV show later.’ Here, instead of ‘will’ try to use ‘be going to be’. ‘Jesse _blank_ watch a TV show later.’ I want you to use the verb ‘watch’. So, Jessie is a ‘he’ or it can be a ‘she’. Sometimes the name is used for a boy or a girl. Either way I need to use the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’. ‘Jesse is going to be’ and

then we need verb +ing. ‘Jesse is going to be watching a TV show later.’ The next sentence, I want you to find the mistake. ‘We willn’t be studying at the library today.’ ‘We will not …’ What's the contraction for ‘will not’? Well it definitely isn't ‘willn’t’. The contraction is ‘won't’. ‘We won't be studying at the library today.’ And finally, ‘Sally and I will be meet our friends soon.’ Remember, we need ‘will be’ and then verb +ing. So the correct answer is, ‘Sally and I will be meeting our friends soon.’ Good job, everyone. Let's move on.

Now, let's move on to the next checkup of the future continuous tense. Take a look at the first sentence. It says, ‘He _blank_ at the door when the movie ends.’ I want you to use ‘will’ and the verb ‘wait’. Remember, for this tense, we need ‘will be’ and then verb +ing, so the correct answer is, ‘He will be waiting at the door when the movie ends.’ The next sentence says, ‘We are not …’ so this is a negative, ‘_blank_ the play when he performs’. Here, instead of ‘will’, I want you to use ‘be going to

be’ and the verb ‘see’. We already have part of that phrase for you. ‘We are …’, here's the ‘be’ verb, ‘not’ so this is negative. And then we say ‘going to be’ and then verb +ing. ‘We are not going to be seeing the play when he performs.’ Now find the mistake in this sentence. ‘They won't be stay at home when the delivery man visits.’ ‘They won't be’ That's correct in the negative form. However, we need verb +ing. ‘They won't be staying at home when the delivery man visits.’ And finally, ‘Terry is going to working when

the manager arrives’. ‘Terry’ is a ‘he’ or ‘she’ so ‘is’ is the correct ‘be’ verb to use. ‘going to’ that's also correct. What we're missing here is ‘be’. ‘Terry is going to be working when the manager arrives.’ Good job, everybody. Let's move on. Now, you have a better understanding of the future continuous tense. Please take some time to study and practice this tense as it is very important. I know English can be a struggle, but don't worry, I'm here for you. And I believe in you. I'll see you in the next video. Hi, everyone. I’m

Esther. In this video, I will introduce the future perfect tense. This tense is used to express an action in the future that will happen by a specific time in the future. This tense can be a little difficult to understand but don't worry I will guide you through it so keep watching. The future perfect tense is used to express an action in the future that will happen by a specific time in the future. Let's look at some examples. The first sentence says, ‘The snow will have stopped by April.’ We start with the subject. In this case,

‘The snow’. Then, we follow with ‘will have’ and the past participle of the verb. In this case, we used ‘stopped’ for the verb ‘stop’. At the end of the sentence, you'll notice ‘by April’. ‘by April’ shows the specific time in the future when this action will have happened. The next sentence says, ‘By the time he graduates, he will have completed five years of study.’ In this sentence, ‘By the time he graduates’ or the specific time in the future. comes at the beginning of the sentence so ‘by’ plus ‘a time in the future’ can come at

the end or it can come at the beginning. ‘By the time he graduates, he will have completed…’ Again, you see ‘subject + will + have’ and the past participle of the verb. In this case, ‘completed’. ‘By the time he graduates, he will have completed five years of study.’ The next sentence says, ‘Her arm will have fully healed by the summer.’ In this example, ‘by the summer’, the future specific time, comes at the end. By this time in the future, her ‘arm’, that's the subject, will have ‘healed’, the past participle. Here I put ‘fully’ just to

show how much it will have healed. I’m just adding an extra description. The last sentence says, ‘By next month, …’ so here we see ‘by’ and ‘the time’ at the beginning of the sentence. ‘you’, that's the subject. ‘will have received’, there's the past participle. ‘your promotion.’ Again, ‘By next month you will have received your promotion.’ Let's move on. Now, let's talk about the negative form of the future perfect tense. Here are some examples. Let's take a look. The first sentence says, ‘I will not have graduated from university by July.’ First, I want to point out

that at the end, I have the specific time in the future, ‘byJuly’. Now for the negative form, what I do is say, ‘subject’ and ‘will not have’, then we put the past participle of the verb. ‘I will not have graduated from university by July.’ The next sentence says, ‘Ollie and Max will not have spoken ...’ There it is again, ‘will not have’ and then the past participle of speak ... which is ‘spoken’. ‘… before the plane leaves.’ Here, instead of the word ‘by’, we used ‘before’ to show a specific time in the future. That's okay

as well. The next sentence says, ‘You will not have eaten dinner by 6 p.m.’ Here, again, we've used ‘by 6 p.m.’ to show a time in the future. And again, you see ‘you will not have’ and then the past participle of eat which is ‘eaten’. The last sentence says, ‘By noon …’, there's the time again, ‘I will not have taken off to Japan.’ ‘taken’ is the past participle of ‘take’. Let's move on. Now, let's move on to how to form questions in the future perfect tense. The first sentence here says, ‘You will have gone to

work by 10 a.m.’ To turn this into a question, all we have to do is switch the order of the first two words. ‘You will’ becomes ‘Will you’. You'll notice that the rest of the question stays the same as the sentence. ‘Will you have gone to work by 10 a.m.?’ You can answer by saying, ‘Yes, I will have.’ or ‘No, I will have not.’ The next sentence says, ‘She will have woken up by noon.’ Again, to turn this into a question just switch the first two words. ‘She will’ becomes ‘Will she’. ‘Will she have woken

up by noon?’ Again, the rest of the sentence stays the same. ‘Will she have woken up by noon?’ To reply, you can say, ‘Yes, she will have.’ or ‘No, she will have not.’ Let's move on. Now, I'll talk about how to form ‘WH’ questions in the future perfect tense. If you notice on the board, each of these questions begins with the ‘WH’ word. ‘Where’, ‘what’, ‘who’, and ‘when’. Then after each ‘WH’ word comes the word ‘will’. ‘Where will’ ‘What will’ ‘Who will’ and ‘When will’ So let's take a look at the first question. ‘Where will’…’

then you add ‘the subject’. In this case, ‘you’. And then, ‘have’ and after that the past participle of the verb. In this case, it's ‘traveled’. ‘Where will you have traveled by December?’ I can answer by saying, ‘I will have traveled to Germany and Denmark.’ There are many possible answers here and this is just an example. The next question says, ‘What will they have done …’ ‘done’ is the past participle of ‘do’. ‘… by the end of the evening?’ I can answer by saying, ‘They will have done their homework.’ The next question says, ‘Who will she

have interviewed by 5 p.m.?’ Again, ‘who will’ + the subject ‘have’ and the past participle of the verb. I can answer this question by saying, ‘She will have interviewed the teachers by 5 p.m.’ And finally, ‘When will they have started to learn?’ One way to answer this question is to say, ‘They will have started to learn in January.’ Let's move on. Let's start this checkup for the future perfect tense. Take a look at the first sentence. It says, ‘We _blank_ that book by tomorrow.’ The verb to use is ‘read’. Remember, in the future perfect tense,

we start with the subject, And we have that here, ‘we’. Then say, ‘will have’ and the past participle of the verb. So here we need to say ‘will have’. What is the past participle of ‘read’? The correct answer is ‘read’. They're spelled the same, but they are pronounced differently. ‘We will have read that book by tomorrow.’ The next sentence says, ‘She _blank_ the video by bedtime.’ Here we have ‘not’ so I want you to try the negative form. And the verb to try is ‘watch’. In the negative form, we start with the subject. And instead

of ‘will have’, we say ‘will not have’. ‘She will not have …’ Then we need the past participle of the verb. In this case, it is ‘watched’. ‘She will not have watched the video by bedtime.’ Now find the mistake in the next sentence. ‘Ryan will not have be to Cuba by summer.’ This is the negative form because we have ‘will not have’. That's correct. But we need the past participle of ‘be’. So we need to change it to ‘been’. ‘Ryan will not have been to Cuba by summer.’ The last sentence says, ‘I will have go

to school by 8 30 a.m.’ Here, we have the affirmative, ‘will have’. But, uh oh, we forgot the past participle of ‘go’ which is ‘gone’. ‘I will have gone to school by 8 30 a.m.’ Great job, everybody. Let's move on. Good job, guys. Now you have a better understanding of the future perfect tense. I want you to keep studying and practicing this tense. I know studying English can be difficult, but I believe in you and I will guide you through it. I'll see you in the next video. Hi, everybody. I’m Esther. Welcome to the last

tense. If you haven't checked out my earlier videos on the tenses, please go check them out now. In this video, I will talk about the future perfect continuous tense. This tense can be used to describe an ongoing action or situation that will last for a specified period of time in the future. There's a lot to learn, so keep watching. The future perfect continuous tense is used to talk about an ongoing situation that will be in progress for a period of time at a specific point in time in the future. Let's take a look at some

examples. The first sentence says, ‘She will have been living in Ireland for 10 years at that point.’ So no matter what the subject, in this case we have ‘she’, We follow with ‘will have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’. So, ‘She will have been living in Ireland …’ Then this sentence has the duration. What period of time will this last? ‘for 10 years’ And when? Remember, we need a point in time in the future. In this case, we just use a general expression, ‘at that point’. Here, it's not specific and that's okay. We'll see some specific

examples in the next sentence. ‘By midnight, he will have been sleeping for four hours.’ Here, the specific time in the future comes at the beginning of the sentence. ‘By midnight’ And, again, we see ‘will have been’ + Verb 'ing'. ‘By midnight, he will have been sleeping for four hours.’. Here we have ‘for four hours’. This shows the duration or how long this action will be in progress. So, again, ‘By midnight he will have been sleeping for four hours.’ The last sentence says, ‘In June …’ Here, again, we have the specific time in the future at

the beginning of the sentence. ‘In June, ‘we’ that's the subject. ‘we'll have been studying …’ There's the ‘verb +ing’. ‘… at this university for four years.’ Here is the duration, ‘for four years’. Good job. And let's move on. Now, let's look at the negative form of the future perfect continuous tense. In the affirmative form, we say ‘subject’ + ‘will have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’. In the negative form, however, we say, ‘subject’ + ‘will not have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’. Let's take a look at some examples. The first sentence here says, ‘At that point,

I will not have been living in Spain for 10 years.’ And so you see it. ‘I’ is the subject. ‘… will not have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’. In this case, ‘living’. The next sentence says, ‘He will not have been sleeping for four hours by midnight.’ Again, we see the ‘subject’ + ‘will not have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’, ‘sleeping’. The last sentence says, ‘By then, we will not have been studying at this university for three years.’ Again, we see the ‘subject’ + ‘we will not have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’ here, ‘studying’. Let's move

on. Now let's take a look at how to form questions in the future perfect continuous tense. Here, the sentence says, ‘Sean will have been playing soccer for a year by December.’ To turn this into a question, all we have to do is switch the order of the first two words. So instead of ‘Sean will’, I can say ‘Will Sean’. ‘Will Sean have been playing soccer for a year by December?’ You'll notice that the rest of the sentence stays the same. I can answer by saying, ‘Yes, he will have.’ or ‘No, he will have not.’ The

next sentence says, ‘They will have been working there for three months by that time.’ Again, I changed the order of the first two words. To turn this into a question ‘They will’ becomes ‘Will they’. ‘Will they have been working there for three months by that time?’ Again, the rest of the sentence stays the same. I can answer by saying, ‘Yes, they will have.’ or ‘No, they will have not.’ Let's move on. Now let's take a look at how to form ‘WH” questions in the future perfect continuous tense. Take a look at the board. All of

these questions begin with a ‘WH’ word. ‘where’ ‘what’ ‘who’ and ‘how long’ Take a look at the first question. ‘Where will you have been walking?’ To form a ‘WH’ question, we start with the ‘WH’ word, then ‘will’. After that, we add the subject, ‘you’, ‘they’, ‘she’ and ‘you’. After that, we add ‘have been’ + ‘verb +ing’. ‘Where will you have been walking?’ ‘What will they have been playing?’ ‘Who will she have been talking to?’ and ‘How long will you have been working …?’ There's the ‘verb +ing’. ‘ … there by the time you finish?’ So

let's go through one more time and I'll show you how to answer these questions. ‘Where will you have been walking?’ I can answer by saying, ‘I will have been walking in the park.’ ‘What will they have been playing?’ ‘They will have been playing video games.’ ‘Who will she have been talking to?’ ‘She will have been talking to her cousin.’ And finally, ‘How long will you have been working there by the time you finish?’ ‘By the time I finish, I will have been working there for five years.’ Let's move on. Let's start a checkup for the

future perfect continuous tense. Take a look at the board. The first sentence says, ‘By 10 p.m., I _blank_ that game for three hours.’ I’m looking to use the verb ‘play’. Remember, in this tense, we need to have ‘subject’ + ‘will have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’. So ‘By 10 p.m., I will have been playing …’ Again, we need ‘verb +ing’. ‘… I will have been playing that game for three hours. The next sentence says, ‘When she gets here, he _blank_ dinner for an hour.’ Try to use the verb ‘cook’. Again, no matter what the subject,

it doesn't change. ‘When she gets here, he will have been cooking …’ ‘When she gets here, he will have been cooking dinner for an hour.’ Now, find the mistake in the next sentence. ‘Steve and Jan will not have be waiting for a year when it arrives.’ Here, we have a negative form, ‘they will not have’. Then we need ‘been’. ‘They will not have been …’ And then the ‘verb +ing’ is here so that's correct. ‘Steve and Jan will not have been waiting for a year when it arrives.’ The last sentence says, ‘It will have been

work for 10 years on January 15th.’ So maybe here I’m talking about a computer or a TV. Maybe some kind of machine. ‘it’ ‘It will have been …’ I see the mistake here. We need ‘verb +ing’. ‘It will have been working for 10 years on January 15th. Great job, everybody. Let's move on. Thank you so much for watching this course on the twelve English tenses. Now, you have a better understanding of how to use these tenses. I know studying English can be hard, but with time and practice, you will get better. Please watch my other

videos. And I’ll see you next time. Bye.