Aula 4

okay now we are we are in the inter to the war sha system we're talking about war sha system syst as a system that taking uh that taking the people to the water that taking the people uh to the spring so what we have here this system was built H by the excavation by the finding we talk about the middle bronze period we're talking about 18th century B BC but later what we have here I want to show you what we have here for example we have that Arch this Arch was built in the second

the end of the second temple period we came through a small from interest that built also from the end of the second temp Peri that take you to this place so we talking about this tunnel that build before uh 3,800 years but above we can see other different uh period we can see the arch we can see that kind of small Channel with that kind of roof that taking you to this place we don't know what's happened here in the second temple period but we know that in the in the Canon time before in the

18th century BC this was one of the way that taking the people to the spring to the water what we have here we have here a channel that cutting from here from where I am all the way down and then down all the way down below and then we have another channel that came from the spring and we have a meeting point between that two two tunnel that built before 1,00 let's say we're talking about 3,800 years we're talking about 800 1,000 years before the time of King kekah before the time that they build the

kakah tunnel also two group that came from the both Sid so we so talking about something that built before the time of King kazaka what we can see here that the there was walking and chiseling the rock the Limestone all the way on front of us and then they're going down and then they're connected to the other group that came from the other side other group of the Walkers that came from the other side you can see the sign of the uh chisel on the wall and then what we're going to do we are walking

we are going to see the meeting point between between that two group that was walking one from where we are now the other came from the other side and then we're going to see the meeting point this is very very interesting again as I said before we're talking about something that H this tunnel was built before 3,800 years ago 1,000 years before the time of King Kaka think about the new knew how to walk in the Rock they knew how to cut and chisel the Bedrock and this is what they did here and this is

what they did in the other places and this is how the people connected here in this place let's go here we can see again the sign of the Chisel okay this people came from here the Walker came from here and then you can see here again the sign of the Chisel and then we go in here and we can see the H the meeting we can see the we can see the meeting point come here please here we can see from the other side we can see the chiseling in the bed that going all the

way here and then the opening the opening and connected to the the other workers that came from the other side you can see here the Chisel that came from here and you can see here the Chisel that came from above and talking about waren shaft system and this is the tunnel that taking the people to the to the water it's not for the for it's not for for the water it's for the people okay and you can see the difference let's go if you're looking here we can see a places H where the putting oil

lamp all over you need you need a light here and again this is as I said this is the way to the water again this is was built before 3,800 years ago and just fantastic it's a tunnel cutting in the Rock the Limestone the hard Limestone and from here if you go straight you go all the way to the spring to the water but let's go come here okay but in the e in the 8th Century what they did they decide to dip this area and to connect it to the spring in the other way

and if you look you can see here the line between t two Limestone you can see this more more soft Limestone this is more harder Limestone and you can see this was the floor of the tunnel from the time of mkit before before 3,800 years ago and where we are this is the deit later we talk about the in the hard Limestone we talk about 8th Century BC how we know because we found with the chiseling Bedrock uh with chiseling Rock we found a oil lamp in other finding that we found here and we can

date when they deep this area and if you're looking here we can see it's going all the way to the stone that we see in here that closing the cave and from that cave you continue walking all the way to the spring so this is very very important to understand from the middle bronze period 38 3,800 years ago people was walking here all the way to the spring in the 8th Century they make it much deeper to go to the spring and from that moment no more no no one using anymore this ER this uh

let's say this this way to the spring okay so the closet and this is what we have here so it's very very very interesting so what we have we have two main ER period from the middle bronze before 3,800 years the people was walking here through the cave to the spring in the 8th Century they change this area they make it much deeper to go to the spring they found in that time they found the the one shaft I don't think that this was the main water system because the main water system was more closer

to the spring and from that moment no one using this place as a walkway as as as a way to the spring anymore because everything was changing in that moment let's go we can see here the one shaft the one shft connected to the Hezekiah tunnel and I think there was build plus minus in the same time the one found in that time and then they build the even the was built a little bit before we don't know exactly what's happening because this is an archaeology we don't know exactly 100% what's uh because we wasn't

here on that time but this is what we are suggesting and you can see the floor from the middle bronze the de how the Deep the area and then they found the shaft in the 8th Century BC okay we we talking about the war shaft and when Charles Warren found that shaft he he he published it and he he thought that this is the pipe through this pipe J the general of King David came with with the soldier of King David into the city took it from the jebo side and what we found that this

is there's a problem with that because this is a found all this deep air was all this rock was cutting in the 8th Century BC two 200 years later than the than the time of King David so it cannot it cannot be something that that was using in the time of King David when they deep in the area what they found they found natural tic shaft that going all the way down through a some crack that was in the in the Bedrock and going all the way down H we know that they're making something on

the top of it but most of the shaft it was a natural shaft it's not something that someone make it for something and I I think may they use it for to build the tunnel maybe they use it for different reason but but not for as a water system as a water system maybe later they use it for taking some water from here so it's it's something that it's possible it's not not possible but this is not in the beginning they didn't use it in the first temple per they didn't use it as a shop

that you are taking a water from here and and this is a w shaft there was a theory about that that said this is the pipe this is one shaft this is water system but later we understand that this is not water water system this is not a shaft that using by King David Soldier because this was found 200 years later we good okay when we we're standing here below the cave you can see that cave here and what we found here we found that this cave and the other cave that was in the other

side of the area this cave was using for a living room cave and we found here pottery that take us to the early bronze period we're talking 5,000 years ago 6,000 years ago something that the people was living here close to the spring to the water we found the pottery from the early bronze spirit here there here in this area and what's happened in the middle bronze period before 3 800 years ago they start to build fortification around the spring they start to protect the spring to protect the water and when they start to protect

the water they build also a tunnel underground they taking the water to the spring the spring start to be very very important so what they did they start to build the tunnel that way okay when when the when they start to protecting the water they build also tunnel under ground the city to take the people to the water to the spring so when they start to build it they start to build it from here but they stop why they stop because the roof start to falling down you can see the roof you see the crack

you see the bull the the the the rock the the falling down so what they did they build a wall you see that wall they build a wall inside to the cave they build another wall inside of the cave to protect the roof and what they did they fill up with the dirt and above it they build a stairs away from the surface all the way to the spring so so they build two system one underground to the to the to the to the spring where we are just what we did now walking through the

time to the spring and they build from the surface walkway all the way to the spring and this is amazing to understand how they make that kind of system because the spring was important and if you look all that was built before 3,800 years ago so we're talking before 3,800 years ago the plan to protect the spring the plan a tunnels a walkway all the way to the spring because the water was very very important okay if you're looking here we're outside of the roof we're outside of the Bedrock what we can see also we

can see on the side we can see a bget making by metal that was left here and we found here other other finding and what we know that was here a shaft this shaft Q by a by a by the team that build by the team of Parker the British captain that came here to found the treasure of the temple venan the archology vinan from the bibl was run after him and and he describe and he plan and make all the archaeology report so this is Q shaft Q from the surface they came here inside

and then walking inside to the one shaft system so they left us some and other thing that we found here in the excavation that belong to the Charles no Parker and vinan team if you look here we can see the concrete the wall of the building that built above the excavation okay so this is was till 2000 from 2000 we open a small opening in this wall and then we came inside inside to this area and when we came inside to this area we built construction what we did we built construction above that construction that

the pillar of that construction was built on the on the dirt in this area above the the roof of that construction was 11,000 ton of dirt and we are working there and then what we did we built a huge construction with a pillar to protect us and then we did the excavation so we start in 2000 till 2004 we build all the construction it means that four year every day we build construction to protect ourself for to excavate the pool and then in 2005 2006 we build we we start to do the excavation so four

year we just working with the construction and two year just we did the excavation let's go here we can see the Northern side of the pool that cutting in the Rock and that pool was cutting from the h ER from the middle bronze Spirit you can see the connection between the pool and the photo fication that was built here you can see here the corner then we will see it when we'll be inside in the pool this is a northwest corner of the pool cutting in the Rock so it's mean the people didn't came that

way the people was walking to the spring from the other side like we saw from the surface and from the from the tunnel this area was closed it's mean if you came here from the cave you came and you look down you saw the pool you didn't came inside of the pool to to came into the pool you walk from the south there's a stairs that take you inside to the pool or you was standing on the top and you look down and then you are using the pool wherever you need okay let's go okay

we're in the pool if you look you can see this is Rock Cut pool you can see the Bedrock going all the way around cutting very smooth this is the pool and that pool was built before 3,800 years ago when we start the excavation we start the excavation in the roof we build all that construction we build all that pillar and then we start to do the excavation when we going down in the excavation we found in the level of the stone there we found out from the 8th Century that built inside it's mean this

is was uh this pool they didn't use that pool from the end of the 9th century 8th Century BC okay so we have eight 8 Century BC house the end of of the 8th Century this house was built on the top of that dirt and if you going down till to the Bedrock we have another layer of dirt that going back to the B Bedrock to the floor of this pool and this take us to the the end of the eth at the end of the 9th century beginning of the 8th Century we found here

a lot of finding include fish bones include bullas include other finding that we found here in this place so we found a lot a lot of pottery of course Animal B a lot a lot of finding that we found here when they didn't use it anymore they fill it with with dirt from different places and this was fill up with a lot a lot a lot a lot of finding that we found here but before they didn't use it as a as a before when they they use it as a water system first it was

a pool all over stairs that was from this side then we're going to see the stairs that taking you inside to the pool the floor of the pool was here and then they dip it to connect it to the spring to the water through channel number two we're going to say channel number two in the end of the 9th century beginning of the 8th Century they decide to start to build the so-called Hezekiah tunnel so the start to build it from here from this opening okay so what we have here we have here first the

pool from the middle bronze period that build it with the stairs collecting water from the rain in the middle bronze period they they dip this area and connect it to the spring through hisek tunnel and the end of this place is in the end in the beginning of the 9th century end of the beginning of the 8th Century BC end of the 9th century BC so this is what we have here and from that moment all the focus going to the pool of salom taking the water here to another tunnels they they're not using this

place anymore as a as a Main Place of water source in Jerusalem and the spring was was uh was taking the water not to this pool to the other places so this this is amazing to understand that we have another water system in Jerusalem that tell us the story of this place the story of the spring from the middle bronze 3,8 years ago to the end of the 9th century BC beginning of the 8th Century BC as a place where we have a water where all the focus was here the people came here to take

a water from here later the focus was the pool of Salam and the people was going to the pool of Salam not to this place where we are if you look we can see the place where the people came to take water from here from the deepest area in the pool come here if you're looking here we can see the wall this wall is part of the huge tower that build around around the spring and there's another wall that going all the way to the South so it's m we are in the area that was

protected the water because the water was very very important in that time and for my opinion this is was the Citadel of David here in this place this is the city of David this is the Citadel of Zion this is the The Fortress that was built around the spring to protect the water because the water was very very important and here we can see how huge Stone they use to protect the water to protect the spring so it's so it's amazing to see that you see this is 5 ton 6 ton 3 ton each stone

that they build it here to protect the water let's go you can see part of the tower that protecting the water you can see the stone just amazing now I'm outside of the city if I'm going down I'm in the bottom of the Kum Valley and it's very very interesting because we are outside of the city in the bottom of the kidum valley and from here you can see all the fortification protecting the water and from here all the way going up to the ill and people living here and who come here and stand on

the wall of Jerusalem on the wall of the city of David David King David coming here and talking with the king of the jabiz king he was standing down below and the jabiz King was standing on the top he talk with him I P the blind man and the lamb you cannot do it you cannot come to my city because he put using he knewed all the fortification but he forgetting that King David knew how to how how to to go inside how to walk inside to the city you forget that King David knew that

if you go through the water Channel you can come into the city but this is the situation I just want to tell in the situation one standing on the top other standing in the bottom talking I don't know what to do look the stone five tone six tone two two tone you know it's very very strong strong fortification very strong wall what I can do which way I can come into the city to attack the city on the wall I cannot do it I need to found something and then he choosing to go and asking

to go through the water Channel and this is what they did they came through water Channel took the city from the jebo side the end of the story just imazing here we can see the wall you see the size of the stone of the fortification of the spring how to protect the water okay let's go this is the spring place we can hear the sound of the water the spring is there in that c you can see the Bedrock here and what we have here first we have Arch from the second temple period the end

of the second temple period this Arch that buil on the boulder that go back to the time of middle bronze period 3,800 years ago if you look here we can see a crack and we can see another arch with this opening this go back to the mamal period so we have mamuk period touching the second temple period building on the top of the middle bronze period And this is the spring so from the second temple period This is where the spring was protected with the door no one can come in just if you have a

permission some say that this is made this place was using for a ritual but for a mik for the people that get the permission to make the mik here in this place and Below where we are standing again this is the beginning of Hezekiah tunnel so-call Hezekiah tunnel and the water today going through this tunnel the old tunnel channel number two or the canai tunnel we are starting to walk inside to do tunnel let's go so what we are seeing here we can see the stairs going into the water you can see that wall the

mamal the stairs this this is this was built later we talk about late Muslim mamal period maybe later the Builder to walk inside to the water made to take the water from from here okay so this is the way inside to the spring that build later in the Canon night time the people was coming from the top from the hills above us and from here they can take the water from where we are okay you can see the opening that cutting in the Rock above that this is the boulder this is not a rock so

so they cut the the tunnel the channel from the surface all the way inside to the level that the water start to go through the channel and then and then they build the all the fortification around the spring so what we have we have the spring we have the the channel that they start to build here from the surface all the way to the level that the water can come inside to the to the to the channel to the canite channel and then they build on top of it a builder that was part of the

fortification that protect the water protect the spring part of the Citadel of David part of the Citadel of Zion part the stronghold of Zion that protecting the area of the spring from the canite time all the way to the King David time all the way to the to the first temple period okay we're talking about the Hezekiah tunnel what was it's called Heek tunnel the dating of this tunnel come from the Bible because the Bible talk about King that build a tunnel a channel and from the story of the Bible we dating that channel to

the time of King Hezekiah so what we have here we have gave here a tunnel that was found and that was clean and the people was using using that from the time of Charles waren later we're talking about vinan they clean the channel and after they clean the channel they make a plan of the channel to take a photograph of the channel so we have the channel That Channel started here all the way to the other side of the Hill of the city of David we call it the the area of the pool and the

tunnel the tunnel was built as more than 500 M long all the way to the pool of salon so this is we have the spring we have a tunnel taking the water the air of the pool of Salon more than 500 met not straight the the the they are going straight and right and and all like a snake all the way to the end of the city of David so we have a question who built it so from the beginning they are saying that this was built from the time of King so everyone said this

is built by King kak because it was mentioned in the Bible and they say okay if it's mentioned in the bible may it was part of what heah did to protect the city from the Assyrian from s also the found inscription in the end of the channel of the tunnel and that inscription talking out the build the tunnel and the inscription talking about two group that one came from the spring and the other came from the other side and then they're cutting the Rock and in the description talking about the Z maybe it's a crack

in the Rock and in the end they he one on the other and then they open it and then they connected this is what the inscription tell us this is not mentioned in the Bible in the Bible we're talking about King kak build a tunnel to protect the water in the city from the Assyrian so this is what the Bible talk about the inscription tell us out the me but the inscription didn't have a any any uh name of King any date any year so we a problem so when they build it if the inscription

didn't tell us nothing why King Hezekiah this one question the other question was the pool Rock Cut pool and the Delta was covering all the rock cut pool all that going to the end of the 9th century beginning of the 8th Century BC so if the Rock Cut pool and the beginning of the tunnel when the start to build it came from The Rock catpool and this was covered with the dirt from the N the end of the 9th century it cannot be king Hezekiah if it cannot be king Hezekiah so where King Hezekiah why

are we saying King kakah orah tunnel so this is too theory about when they build that tunnel for what reason for one reason can say I build it for for let's say for municipality I want to protect the water and the the the the the cutting and the building the tunnel take more than few months years by years and we build it and then we end it and everything is fine and once King build because they Ser because the war and they connected to the Bible so oh the Bible talking about that this is the

reason this is two theory about the tunnel and and and when the the tunnel we're going now inside to the Canon tunnel or the channel number two let's go inside to channel number two or to the uh or to the can Channel you can see the Bedrock this is the Bedrock and if you're looking here we can see the dirt here or the cement here can see the boulder above us and you're going inside you can see how the how the build the boulder on the side and then the roof was above us you can

see the roof of the channel and the T and the in the tunnel and the channel was cutting in the Rock and the bottom of the channel was like a V that the water can go through this Channel and from here the water was running from the spring on my back all the way inside through this channel to the pool to the Rope Cut pool and you can see the opening you can see the small opening why they making so small opening for what reason they're making that that no one knew where is the pool

and because if you're in the pool you are in the city and the water was covering that opening and no one knew where is the city even you're in the tunnel so what the Bible talk about the Bible talk about touching the pipe so how you touching the pipe what you doing how you touching the pine pipe and finding what you found so if you're taking your hand into the water and you're touching the rock of the of the channel you're touching the pipe why you need to CH to touch the pipe you need to

touch the pipe to find the opening that was covering with the with the water you cannot see it how you can how you can know it by touching not by seeing and for my opinion King David Soldier and jeab the general of King David came through this small opening inside to the city and this is the pipe that the soldier of King David go through into the City and took it from the jeban because this channel built before the time of King David and using time of so everything going together so we are now going

to the South and the water came from the spring to the pool from the pool to the South all the way to the kidum valley this is what this channel doing you can see out the cut this is the bedro from the surface on the top you can see the buer the buer was part of the fortification this area we are in the area of the of the of the spring area and then the wall That's closing the city from the kidum valley and all that buer is part of the city wall that build in

the middle bronze period let's go We Are We Now out of the channel number two but you can see that we came from the west and we're climbing to the top of a wall if you're looking here we can see the wall this is the city wall of Jerusalem from the 8th Century BC uh to protect the city this wall was built on top of a city wall of Jerusalem from the middle bronze period so you can see how we can how we we protect the city not on the top of the hill in the

bottom of the hill and all that hill all the slope of the Hill Eastern Slope of the city ofid was built with the people H build with the ERS sorry build with the ERS so what we have here we have the city wall of Jerusalem from the 8th Century protecting the city from the time of King Hezekiah so just a huge wall that was building here here connected to the pool of Salam and to the city of to the spring area so when we're talking about where we are and how large that City it didn't

stop in the middle of the hills it was continue all the way to the inside to the kiddom valley oh