Módulo 07 - Centro de Adestramento Sul (CA-Sul)

Ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon, or good morning, or even good night, depending on the moment that you need to attend our presentation. So, within the context of the 7th Extension Course in Combat Simulation and Armored Vehicles, in its EAD format, we will now talk about the Constructive Simulation, the war games. Initially, I will introduce myself.

I am Colonel of the Cavalry, Paulo Sérgio, and I work part-time here in Santa Maria, at the South Training Center. I am part of the team of officers here at the Center, working as coordinator of the Constructive Simulation Exercises. Since the beginning of this course, from the moment he was present here in Santa Maria, and then, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, he started to work in the EAD format.

With that, I always emphasize that it is an honor and a satisfaction to work with this audience. We will follow this route. We will talk about the pillars of simulation, the types of simulation, the objective of the Constructive Simulation, the dynamics of the Constructive Simulation, its benefits in the use of the simulation, and finally, a video of the Constructive Simulation.

At the beginning of the talk, we will briefly recapitulate the instruction of the lecture given by the Commander of the CA-Sul, Colonel Matos Barbosa. In this context, I will initially talk about the pillars of simulation. These pillars, which we count as four, are basic for any type of simulation.

We start by talking about the opposing force, which is not exclusively a simple figuration, but a force constituted with its own doctrine. Then, the importance of the observer and controller of the training, which we call OCA. In all types of simulation, we must have a simulation device.

In the case of Constructive Simulation, we will talk about the combat software. The fourth pillar, which is also very important and is part of the simulation exercise, is the post-action analysis. In the past, in our military exercises, we called it "criticism".

The difference between the analysis and the post-action, which is the app for criticism, is precisely in not simply pointing out mistakes, but making a debate, gathering reflections that enrich our doctrine. So, having listed these four pillars, we can consider that, with their meeting, we can have one of the types of simulation, which is what we will talk about next. The three types that we work with here at CA-Sul.

We can work with live simulation, virtual simulation and constructive simulation, which is the focus of this presentation. Constructive simulation, when we talk about it, we are listing simulated troops, operating a simulated system in a simulated scenario controlled by real people. On the right, in the upper right corner, you can see the computers with simulated scenarios, but the people there are real, and on the left, the larger state that is being trained, which is what we will talk about in the next slides.

When we talk about virtual simulation, there are real troops operating a simulated system in a virtual scenario. In live simulation, the troops are real, operating real systems, without real ammunition, in a real scenario. Constructive simulation, also called war games.

Nowadays, we consider and usually call this constructive simulation a command post exercise, which is what we call PC, command post, with the support of constructive simulation. The exercise is PC, the focus is to train those people who are going to mobilize the PC, the command post, which is the most important objective for you to understand what we want when we carry out a constructive simulation exercise. The focus is to train that team made up of either the command post or the larger state of a large unit or a large command post.

This is what this slide says. The focus is to train the command post and the larger state of the large units, which are the brigades, and the large command posts, which are the army divisions. As we know that the majority of participants in this course are civilians, whether they are academics, teachers, or students, it is important that we make some explanations.

What is a large unit? A large unit in the Brazilian Army is what we call brigades. A brigade is a system of weapons where we are going to have subordinated to it, its military organizations directly subordinated, with their own routes of combat, fire support, movement and maneuver, logistics, recognition, anti-air defense, and so on.

This system of weapons composes the brigade, which is commanded by a two-star brigadier general, and which has a larger state. What is this larger state? If you make a comparison with a company, this larger state is those directors, whether in the area of human resources, operational, logistics, public relations, and so on.

So, when I am training this commander, this brigadier general, and his larger state, I am achieving the objectives of a constructive simulation. I can train them in the exercise on the ground, in a live simulation, but I can also train them in the post-command exercise with the support of the constructive simulation, which fits very well for this purpose. And what comes to be the great commands, the divisions of army?

They are the union of brigades. So, when we have two to five brigades under the same command, we have an army division, which also has its commander, which is a three-star division general, and which also has its larger state, which I made the comparison with those civilians who make up the board of a large company, whether in the area of human resources, logistics, operational, public relations, and so on. So, when I train this team, this top team, let's say, of the board, I am achieving the objectives of the constructive simulation.

And in this slide, it also talks about the command and larger state training simulator, which is the SIMACEM, which is one of the simulation sessions of our military organization, which is the CA-Sul. Also talking a little about CA-Sul, it is important to highlight, for the knowledge of all, that the Brazilian Army has activated two training centers. I am summarizing the instruction, the lecture, of Colonel Márcio Barbosa.

The CA-Sul here in Santa Maria, in the center of Rio Grande do Sul, and the CA-Leste in Rio de Janeiro. And the Army is in the implementation phase of the training center in the Amazon. So, one of the simulation sessions of our unit is the command and larger state training simulator, SIMACEM, which is the session in which we work.

Which aims, as I said, to train this command and larger state of the large units, our brigades, and/or the large commands, our divisions of army. Very well, now we are going to talk about the dynamics of the construction simulation exercises. How does it occur?

So, initially, what I present here on this screen are three figures, let's put it this way. In the upper left corner, we have the command posts, folded, as if they were in a real situation. In parking areas, tents, but it could be in buildings, etc.

On the right, one of our rooms, our SIMACEM, where we have operators and controllers. And below, this is how this scenario is represented, from the command post to the squadron, which is the smallest cell that we have left in the combat software. So, this slide here is very rich and will allow us to approach several ideas.

So, I will start with the link that there should be between the command posts and the simulation itself. So, you can see me linking the upper left figure, which are the command posts, where the commander of the brigade is located, with the lower figure, which are the scenarios, from the scenario that is unfolded to what is being represented in the software. Now, I have integrated with the upper right figure, which are the controllers and operators.

So, in this room, where we have these people sitting in pairs, working on the computers, in the software, I have pairs there that represent the military organizations directly subordinated to this brigade that is being trained. And what are these pairs? They are the controllers, who are the officers, who receive the orders from the commanders of the military organizations that are in the command posts on the left, through VoIP telephony, through chat messages from our SASC, which is the Constructive Simulation Support System, and transmits to the operators, who are on your side, which is a sergeant, a lieutenant, who is effectively maneuvering the software to fight.

He is the one who operates the software itself. And here I make a note, so that this knowledge of the software is properly implemented, these operators train, in the previous week, about a week with us. Because on a daily basis, in your military organization, this operator is working on several missions within the military organization.

Either he's an assistant to the sheriff, or he's in charge of staff, or he's an assistant to operations, or he works in the social communication of the military organization. Anyway, he has several missions, so he needs to know this software, he needs to train this software in its functionality, in what it is capable of. So he trains with us, in the previous week, so that next week he is able to fulfill the determinations of the captain, who is the controller, who received the orders from his commanders, who are deployed in the command posts of the figure on the left.

And these decisions, as it is being represented on the arrow, are sent to the controller, who requests that the operator join the system. So, each duo that you are observing, is part of a military organization of this brigade. So, the brigade is a system of weapons that has a mission to fulfill.

It received a task, it has a mission to fulfill, it planned, it passed to its military organizations, the military organizations transmitted it to their controllers, who, in pairs with the operator, will launch these decisions in the software. Ok, this decision is being launched in the software. From there, the software generates the results.

The software is on the screen of each computer that is being presented in the figure on the upper right. It is also important that we make a quick explanation of what this software is. The Brazilian Army acquired this software through an international listing, where other products were presented, and we acquired the software from the French company Maza.

In Europe, this software is used under the name of SWORD. When it was customized for our doctrine, the Brazilian Military Doctrine, it received the name Combat. It has a database where the military organizations of the Brazilian Army were properly modeled and included in this database, as well as the military organizations of the Brazilian Air Force and the Brazilian Navy.

This allows us to perform joint exercises. Another aspect is that this software is capable of performing exercises of conventional combat and actions of war and non-war. In other words, an exercise of support for calamities with a focus on humanitarian aid can also be done in this software, according to the functionalities it has.

So, making a comparison with previous softwares that we already had, such as SABR and SISTAB, what we gained, added value to our exercise with the use of this software, are the functionalities that it has. Here I can cite some, such as the use of the aerial vector, the use of SARP, military intelligence, the use of missiles and rockets, the use of our engineering, anti-aircraft defense, the use of chemical weapons, nuclear bacteriological radiology, and the use of several other factors, such as flood, crowd, fire, that we can use in current combat and that it can be represented in this software. By generating the results of those decisions that were made, we will have the information passed on by the controllers to the post-commandos.

This is what we call situational awareness. It is important to note that situational awareness is being created and built, which is why the name is called "constructive simulation". In this post-commando, which is in the figure on the left, we do not have the combat software.

The combat software only operates in the SIMACEM and in the CA-Sul installations. That is, in the post-commando installations, I will have the radio equipment and I will have the equipment to receive the chat messages through SASC. And the map, which is the map where the biggest state is creating and building its scenario.

So it is very important that there is this return of the results that are being generated and the formation of situational awareness in the post-commando. Because in the post-commando, these authorities will not have the combat software. Some more information about the combat software.

It is necessary that a letter is loaded in the software. This letter is vectorized and it is important that it is informed to the training centers in advance, so that we can assemble a mosaic of letters loaded in the system with these characteristics of a vectorized letter. Another aspect that everyone can check in the software to combat those images, those little squares in blue and red.

That is the profile, the order of battle, the ORBAT that is created, both from the red party and from the blue party. What do we call the parties? Normally the red party is the opposing force and the blue party is the executive command that is being trained.

And for that we need to remove from the database the combat software all the military organizations that will compose this battle ORB, whether for one party or another. Also in this battle ORB we can put other means, such as firefighting troops, population troops, evacuees, displaced, refugees, that go to meet those functionalities that I explained that the software allows. All of this is loaded in the battle ORB, a package is generated, which we call WATCHPACK, specific to that exercise.

So each exercise has its own WATCHPACK. We cannot copy and paste the WATCHPACK of an exercise X to an exercise Y, because the situation changes, the troops also change and the scenario also changes. So for each exercise we create a battle ORB, generate a WATCHPACK, put it in all the machines.

So the room that is being shown in the upper right photo is the executive command room. But similar to this, we also have a room of the opposing force, also with controllers and operators. And we also have another room, which is the exercise direction room, where we will have the use of combat for the combat functions, which will give the realism of the superior scale of this brigade for the support when it runs out of its means, whether it is the brigade that is being trained or the opposing force.

In these combat functions, we will have combat sound, movement and maneuver, intelligence, fire, logistics, air defense, command and control, electronic warfare, and others that we come to judge that are essential for the exercise that we are carrying out, such as parachuting, aircraft, special forces, army aviation. So these specialists that we consider necessary, we will also have the person of these specialists maneuvering the combat software. It is also important to note that the Center performs a historical series of 7 to 8 exercises per year.

Usually, in the majority of the exercises, there is a brigade, at least one international exercise. And I can mention here Operation Arandu, which has been done periodically with the Argentine Army, where we set up combined brigades of the Brazilian Army with the Argentine Army, and also at least one exercise of division of the Army. And then I highlight for you who regulates these exercises.

The Land Operations Command, which we are technically subordinate to. The Land Operations Command annually publishes a document under the name of PIN, which is the Military Sound Program, and attached to the PIN, we have an exercise calendar for both the South and the East Sea. As I said, in the house of 7 to 8 exercises, starting normally in the month of May and ending at the end of November.

It is important that there is an interval between these exercises, so that the SIMACEM Center conducts research, tabloids, opinion polls, reports. It is on top of these reports that the Combat software is updated. Periodically, we have two updates of the Combat software.

Currently, we are in version 6. 22. 2.

Where do these updates come from? From users, from those who are being trained. So, for each exercise, we apply an opinion poll for all participants.

We tabulate this opinion poll. We put suggestions about software improvements in the report. We send it to the COTER.

The Land Operations Command, which is the COTER, which has an offset contract with the company MASA, requests these improvements and we receive, each year, as I said earlier, two updates of the Combat software. Regarding the letters, which are very important, if we are interested in exercising in an area that is not properly vectorized, we have to request, in year A-1, through the Command Channel, this vectorization, this work will be done. And then, this vector will be included, this vectorized letter that we call, will be included in the Geographic Data Bank of the Army.

From there, everyone who needs to work in that area of operations, already has the same properly vectorized. Returning to this slide, an important detail is to show this figure of the scenarios. So, we can check, in green, who is being trained, which are the OMs, the Military Organizations, and the Army Division.

And in blue, what is being reproduced in the software, which is being simulated, which are the other vectors, the OMs, the subunits, the pilots. So, it turns out that everyone participates, directly or indirectly, in the training. The Brigades, with their Major Staff, directly, and the others, end up doing an indirect training.

So, this figure is very important, I dedicated myself more to it, because it is from there that we will understand how the Constructive Simulation is done in the Brazilian Army. And show that this name, Constructive, is given exactly because the Command Posts, which are in the figure on the left, they are building their training. And we can't have in it, we shouldn't have in it, the software.

Because, in this way, we could be inducing the lack of this construction. And with that, it is also very important that we have a dedicated Internet Band. But I'm not going to go into this scenario, because it will be an instruction of the exercises, when they occur remotely.

It is when the Command Posts are deployed in other areas outside the headquarters of the Training Centers. For example, here in CA-Sul, outside the headquarters of Santa Maria. So, I will leave this instruction, which will be a lecture of our course, to be administered opportunely, where we will talk about the remote exercises.

But it is important to understand this dynamic. From there, I will talk a little about the benefits of the Constructive Simulation job. Starting with cost reduction.

When I talk about cost reduction, I always try to make an analysis that this is not the most important thing, it is not the cost reduction. It is important that we have cost reduction, but also that we have achieved the objectives of the planned training. And what are these objectives of the training?

So, I'm going to report again to our PIN, which is the Military Sound Program, which is issued by COTER, which is our ODOPE, the Operational Direction Office, annually. So, there, COTER publishes the PIN and what are the objectives that each large unit has to achieve. And then I told you that we have a historical series of 7 to 8 exercises per year.

Then the question may arise, and all the brigades of the Brazilian Army participate annually in the exercise of this nature. Brigades that are part of the readiness system, those of strategic employment, where the Army has, let's say, a more accurate training and they are at a higher level. These brigades that are part of the readiness system participate every two years.

Their cycle is valid for two years. And the others participate through the rotation of windows that the training center has at its disposal. But they don't stay a long time without participating because they can come being trained in isolation, or they often end up coming within an exercise of an Army Division.

You will see later in the end, in the video that we will show, which is of an Army Division exercise, where we have several brigades participating. So, the exercise became very useful for the brigades. So, these training objectives are provided by the PIN.

Each brigade has its training objective for that period of three years. Which can be the training objective to carry out an offensive operation, a defensive operation. So, when I talk about reducing costs, it is very important that these training objectives are fully met.

So, just to give you an idea, an armored brigade carrying out an offensive operation, through the software, we were able to detect that in class 1, which is food, 3, fuel and 5, ammunition, we were able to verify that an armored brigade, an offensive operation, spends around 10 million reais per day. On a simulated exercise day. Today, it is very difficult for us to receive 10 million reais to spend per day on an exercise.

So, with this, we were able to see the importance of the simulator. If we are going to make an analogy with the training of a pilot, it is essential that he passes the simulator first. With this, we can already conclude that more and more we will have exercises with the simulator.

And what do we spend on this exercise of one brigade? We spend 60 thousand reais at home. For her to train for four days with us.

So, this already shows the importance of the simulator. But, as I said before, I repeat, it does not mean that cost reduction is the most important thing. The most important thing is for us to combine cost reduction with achieving the training objectives.

If we are doing these two things, we are on the right track. Another aspect that I highlight in these benefits of the simulation is repetition. That is, if we are through the direction of the exercise, which is the organ that we call "direx", checking that the journey was not adequate, that we should repeat, we can repeat it without any problem.

It is not a demerit for anyone, it is a way of learning for all of us, and it is what I usually say. In the construction simulation exercise, each exercise is a learning, each exercise is a teaching. So, repetition is not a demerit for the troop that is doing it.

On the contrary, it is a way to gain experience and correct our direction. Another aspect that I highlight is immersion. Immersion is very important.

If we take away all of this public, these people that we took away from the headquarters, from the military organizations, we unfold the command posts in the parking area, in the construction site, breathing in doctrine for five days, then this is very important. Because if we do the exercise inside the facilities in the headquarters, many times we do not disconnect from the bureaucracy of our day-to-day life, from our electronic protocol, from the calls we receive. So, immersion in combat is very important, either in the local exercise, which I call "local", or in the remote exercise, which will be approached appropriately.

And when I talked about cost reduction, I talked about a comparison of an armored brigade using the simulator, collecting this data in a 10 million house, I didn't talk about the people. The people there, we will have in the house of 100 people working in this training, where the software, many times, will add the brigade that is being trained and the opposing force, and we easily get to the house of 14,000 men, 15,000 men, considering the two parties. And then, once again, I ask this question.

When are we going to do an exercise and put all this public, all these military people on the ground? In today's days, it's very difficult. It starts with the size of the fields of institutions that we will have to have with this capacity.

And then, I link it with immersion itself. The moment we take this public out, we take it out of the barracks, we take it out of its military organizations, we unfold it in command posts, breathing doctrine, breathing the theme, the objectives of the training. This is fundamental, this unfolding of the command posts.

And with that, I will always be looking for aspects such as efficiency and efficiency. Efficiency and efficiency. Also highlighting that in that figure that was presented earlier, I will take the liberty of going back to it, which is this one here in the upper right corner, where we have the operators by military organizations.

Another great feature of the combatant is that we share the communication networks. What is that? Each military organization is seeing its own sector of action.

This is a great gain in terms of learning for all combat functions. Fires, movement and maneuvering, because the companion will observe the sector of action of the SOM. In the same way, also in terms of knowledge, we share the logistical networks.

So, with that, we talked about efficiency, efficiency, fidelity. Now let's talk about time. When we talk about time, we want to say that we can also work together with the exercise management.

So, we here at SIMACEM, which is the largest state command post simulator, we are acting as an exercise coordinator, we will work with the exercise management, which is normally mobilized by the commander, which is the one who is above who is being trained. So, who is being trained is a brigade, and above him is an army division. So, this army division will mobilize the exercise management.

So, we work together with them, advising how to set up the exercise. So, our advice is to start the exercise one by one, on our natural clock. One by one until the end of the exercise.

Because at the time of the previous figure, here at the time of general results, and if there is a conflict, at the time of the clashes, if I increase this clock from 2 to 1, 3 to 1, the software will send a lot of information to this pair of controller and operator, and they will have difficulty transmitting to the command post that is unfolded. So, the ideal is that this time is kept one by one from the beginning to the end of the exercise. It is evident that in a given training objective, which the brigade is fulfilling, such as a march to combat, an exploitation of success, a pursuit, where the enemy is very worn out and the troop is not having constant clashes, we can increase this time from 2 to 1, 3 to 1.

Very little is gained when this increase goes from 4 to 5. Many times there is an understanding that, "Oh, let's increase the time to finish soon. " No, it's not like that.

I always advise to start the exercise one by one, from the beginning to the end. This is our advice, but of course the command post has its training objective to be achieved. So, we also respect it, because many times when the exercise aims to train a very high level, such as an army division, many times there are several training objectives that are being sought to achieve in that respective week.

So, we always make our advice, but the decision is up to the command post. Another aspect is that, using the simulator, another benefit we have is that we will always be preserving the environment, because we will not be using software, we will not be degrading areas with high-caliber impacts, etc. , etc.

, etc. And also, the side figure is linked to the issue of accidents, so we have a reduction in risk, because if we are going to move a brigade to a construction site, we run the risk of, in that displacement, both of movement and return to the exercise itself, we have an accident, etc. , which is part of military activity.

No one can forget that, it's part of military activity. And here I leave a very important parenthesis. Construction simulation exercises did not come to replace exercises on the ground.

On the contrary, they came to complement. And it is important that, at the end of each construction simulation exercise, an exercise of the same nature on the ground, with the same objectives, be done. With that, we are going to ratify or rectify those points of view that were raised at the post-action analysis meeting of the construction simulation exercise.

It is always ideal that we can, it is very happy to have the ADE, the Army Addison, who performs a construction simulation exercise and, shortly after, repeats it on the ground. This is the ideal, it is the complementarity that we call, and it is important that it acts. Not always, on the calendar of construction of the year, this is allowed, but it is the ideal.

Next, we end our activity with these words, that there is no other profession in which the consequences of employing poorly trained people are as terrifying or irrevocable as in the Armed Forces. General Douglas Marcardo I make my conclusion, saying that it is my pleasure to be part of this 7th edition of the course, and I put it at your disposal, in case you have any questions, you can ask through our chat, which is available to you, and I invite everyone to watch a video that will be presented next. Thank you very much!

The largest construction simulation exercise ever carried out by the South's military command. In the setting, the tactical theme of war, a conflict between Brazil and the coalition of two countries, Cretan and South, the context is of crisis, in the border area, the coalition zone, in search of military solutions. Also known as the war game, the exercise is a training to prepare the combat decision-makers.

They are the ones who plan and give the commands for the solutions of simulated military problems, according to the military doctrine in force. The fundamental of this exercise is to create a mentality in our higher official, of mission fulfillment within a modern combat structure, considering what is and what represents Brazil in the context of the nations, having an understanding of its strategic environment, and applying and administering the force in a correct way, following not only our doctrine, but also the international legislation that deals with human rights and conflict situations. At the command posts, all the elements of maneuver were attentive.

C2 in combat is the software that manages the battlefield and situational awareness. You can see on the screen of that television, there we manage, I have the situational awareness of all my maneuvering parts and my support in combat. However, if I suffer an enemy electronic war attack or have any electrical or data breakdown, it is essential that I have my board.

The 6th Armored Infantry Brigade completed its training year with the certification of its strength of readiness of the Brazilian Army. For us, this exercise is very important, because it crowned the year of instruction. And not only that, it also refers us to all these problems that are being simulated.

They are very modern things that are happening in the war in Ukraine, now in the conflict of Jairo Ramaz. We discuss the issues, we not only limit ourselves to the simulated military problems, but also the impact of these news that are happening in the battlefield. Among the teachings, the use of mobile devices can be true traps for the troops.

Faced with this reality, the 1st Mechanized Cavalry Brigade created the "Digital Trace Reduction" Card. What we did was try to educate our troop in the sense that when it goes to the field, when it goes to operate, it has to cut all these location connections, because sometimes it does not realize that it is still providing. The division artillery of the 3rd Armored Infantry Brigade was essential with the support of FOGUS.

We have several elements of the D3 Artillery Group. We coordinate the FOGUS of the Campaign Artillery Groups and Brigades, in this effort to provide support in the FOGUS part for the maneuvering of the 3rd Armored Infantry Brigade. Even as an opponent force, the 3rd Mechanized Cavalry Brigade was also trained.

We are having a great opportunity to train the command of our brigade, of our commanders, of our major states, especially in this phase of the year of instruction, in which we precede important activities that we will still carry out as part of our period of advanced training. The simulation counted on special elements of the Paraquedist Brigade, Army Aviation, Aircraft, Electronic Warfare and rockets. The Brazilian Air Force had a primordial performance with air attack and reconnaissance.

Attack we will use for specific targets, and some strategic targets that are behind the enemy's offensive position. And the reconnaissance targets, basically, is when you don't know if there are troops on the ground. So we will do an exercise there in front, do the reconnaissance of the area, having the positive point that there are troops on the ground, they will make an offensive at that point.

The change of location of the command posts were part of the training, and were carried out according to a plan, without loss of communication, with the Simulator of Command and Major State Training, the CIMAS-100, located in the South Training Center, where more than 60 operators and controllers will put into action a total of 91 simulated military problems, which involved 119 troops. The combat software translates the decisions of the commanders. In this exercise, the Artificial Intelligence represented 55,000 men and women on the ground.

The reports showed the evolution of each clash, according to the characteristics of the troops. To conclude, in the post-action analysis meeting, were demonstrated the strengths, opportunities for improvement and correct teaching. It is a very important exercise, it is a crowning of a year of instruction within the South Military Command, where all efforts are focused so that we can join the main mission of the Brazilian Army, which is war, conventional combat.

And so the simulated war ended, with the overcoming of the challenges to the commanders, with the results of a new concept of preparation of the Earth Force, which provides immediate correction and effectiveness in training.