Hitler, 1889-1934: The Making Of The Führer | The Hitler Chronicles

[Music] you think you know Adolf Hitler you've never seen him like this before Hitler's contemporaries from his birth in browna to his death in the bunker authentically flesh out the picture who was Hitler Hitler neither finished school nor had any vocational training he occasionally lived in homeless shelters or on the street he Refused to pursue a regular job to this day it seems inexplicable that he could come to power out of nowhere Hitler became the fura leader of the German Reich one of the most powerful men of the 20th century starting an inferno that engulfed

the world and brought death to millions of people the nation woried him and followed him blindly into the abyss but during his lifetime he kept His Origins and his life secret no one should know how or who he was fascinating and oppressive accounts from companions friends and enemies as well as the most extensive collection of archived material ever shown much of it hither to unpublished reveal who Hitler was and how he could become what he was a notorious liar and an unscrupulous murderer after the death death of his strict father and beloved mother Hitler Lives

as a layabout in Vienna with no school graduation and twice rejected by The Academy of Arts living in a men's shelter he paints postcards to bolster his small orphan pension in order to avoid being called up for military service in Austria Hitler moves to Munich in Germany as World War I begins Hitler volunteers for the Bavarian Army and becomes a German soldier and an Ardent Patriot for the first time he feels that he Belongs somewhere and has a normal life at the end of the war Hitler does not know what to do [Music] next on

June the 30th 1903 the 72-year-old Kaiser France YF I visits Bram in to celebrate its 700th birthday in a historical coincidence this Border Town to Bavaria of all places is the origin of the oldest film footage shot by an Austrian cinematographer in the late 80s of the Last century my parents lived in the small town on the in which is Bavarian by Blood and Austrian by nationality Adolf Hitler M the worst disaster to strike the town of brow occurred on March the 28th 1874 a violent storm fanned a terrible fire that destroyed 120 buildings this

stroke of Fate was a pivotal moment in the history of brow Conrad mindel history of browna Amin 1882 15 years later Adolf the youngest son of the Customs inspector allo Hitler who worked in browna and zimak was born Edward KB history of bro amim 1938 a terrible disaster for hundreds of millions of people [Music] worldwide the Customs inspector and his family occupy a small apartment on the top floor of the pommer hotel in Brown now at Easter time on April the 20th 1889 at about 6:30 in the evening Adolf Hitler is born attention there military

history enthusiasts brace yourself for unparallel journey into the heart of warfare with history hit where the untold stories of desperate battles come to life joined James Holland on a gripping road trip through Italy in road to Victory Italy 1943 uncovering the often overlooked campaign of the British e armies Landing in advance up the Italian peninsula in 1943 next explore the Forgotten battlefields of the first world war with Alex churcher tracing the bloody battles that unfolded before the trenches revealing The Clash of modern weapons and Napoleonic tactics in a conflict that set the stage for the

Great War and finally follow the one and only rishy sha in Untold Stories of World War II as he raced against time to capture over 2,200 personal oral histories from living combat veterans Preserving the harrowing accounts of those who lived at the bleeding edge on the front line discover hundreds of hours of award-winning documentaries at adree podcasts with history hit sign up for a special offer via the link in the description Paris register Brown out adolfos Hitler born on April the 20th 1889 at 6:30 in the evening baptized on April the 22nd at 3:15 by

Ignat [Music] proest to begin with there is this Picture of little Adolf from the year 1889 a few months after his birth one thing worthy of note in this first picture of Hitler is the close resemblance of Adolf to his mother August kubit childhood friend of Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler is the third of the couple's six children he and his younger sister Paula are the only ones to survive Beyond childhood the mother is 28 years old at The time of the birth the father is 51 claraa Hitler is related to Alloys Hitler she's her husband's

second cousin until she became his wife aloys Hitler called her his cousin without further Ado even though Clara pel was only a second cousin the bride and groom needed a church dispensation to marry AUST kubc the history of film as a medium also begins in Hitler's Childhood when Hitler is 3 years old his father is transferred to a new post and decides to move into an apartment in Paso on the German side of the Border Adolf Hitler lives with his family in Bavaria for 3 years until 1895 actually Hitler didn't speak a typical Austrian dialect

Aus kubitsek in my youth my German was the dialect spoken in low Bavaria Adolf Hitler M the oldest film recording made in Austria Hungary was shot by foreigners the lumier brothers it shows Vienna the capital of a multinational Empire in the year 1896 in Old Austria you could travel without a passport from the Mediterranean over the Alps way into the East the west and the north Oscar koska painter and writer Hitler's ancestry from lower Austria as well as a total of 21 years Spent in Upper Austria and Vienna do not suffice to make him Austrian

in the sense of a citizen of that Nation kot shush Nik Austrian Chancellor from 1934 to 1938 austrians who spoke about the nation before 1938 meant the national culture that extended beyond their borders which is what Austrian man also identified with this cultural nation is Germany transporting a locomotive Through the streets of chemets 16 workhorses pull the locom motive as the factory has no rail connection the majority of german-speaking austrians feel close links to the Germans in Prussia Saxony Bavaria and the smaller federal states already United in a partly industrialized [Music] R he was a

grump reticent old man and like a lot of political free Spirits at The time a Stern German nationalist Joseph meerhof Farmer in the village of leonding by lint a visit to his parents grave his school friends say his mother was loving and kind-hearted the father cold silent and strict Yosef gers diary July 22nd [Music] 1938 in June 1939 EAB Brown films the small farm in the village of hafeld in Upper Austria that Hitler's father Leases after retiring early in 1895 on May the 1st 1895 Hitler starts school in a one room Schoolhouse in the neighboring

Village of Fishel ham [Music] after school he plays popular games of the period playing War only war games for us boys became boring but he always found someone to play with balding F Ving schoolmate of Hitler in the year 1897 Hitler's father sells the farm in half the family lives temporarily in the small town of lambar Adolf Hitler's parents bought house number 61 with the jent plots of land in leonding on November the 14th 1898 their son Adolf had just turned 10 years old Max zixer leing the fur's hometown lint [Music] 1938 I never loved

my father but feared Him all the more Adolf Hitler table talk recorded by his secretary Christ sh my brother Adolf provoked my father to such extremes that he was beaten every day Paula Hitler later PA WF pictures from Hitler's school years are always shots of the whole class you can still remember what it was like AUST kubitsek Adolf Hitler lives in leoning Near Lin for about 8 years he attends the fourth and fifth grades here in his stories his youth played a big part he was a poor student Albert Spar the Cranbury aged 11 begins

Secondary School in the city of Lin Adolf Hitler has to repeat his first year at Secondary School due to poor grades I remember the scrawny pale boy who commuted every day between lince and Leoning fairly well he was definitely talented on the one hand but was not in control of himself he was considered rebellious and he didn't work hard Dr Edward humer Hitler's French teacher at the secondary school in Lin there is a strident widespread pan German nationalism among the teachers they want to join the United strong German Reich of bismar who is greatly Admired

Adolf was a great fan of bismar classmate of [Applause] Hitler's the quiet life enjoyed by the Hitler family on its little patch of land only lasted a few years the head of the family died unexpectedly of a heart attack in January 1903 Max zix leing the fur's hometown aloise Hitler leaves his modest savings to his four surviving children aloise and Angela from the second of his Three marriages and Adolf and Paula this inheritance is to be paid out when they come of Age The Quiet Cemetery of leoning was his fin resting place his widow moved

to the nearby city of lint for the better educational opportunities for her children Max zix Lin the capital of Upper Austria is located 264 m above sea level on the right Bank of the danu two steel Bridges connect the town to UFA on the other side Lind has 58791 mostly German and Catholic residents Myers's great encyclopedia leipz 1908 the tone of society was determined by the business Community the bureaucracy and the military if you wanted to be seen you met in the evening for a stroll on the High Street which significantly was called Country Road

Aus Kubit although this nonsense also exists in other countries racial ideology and with it anti-Semitism had its Center of power in Old Austria in contrast to Vienna in Western Austria there were hardly any Jews KL tikm German Austrian [Music] dramatist at school I met a Jewish boy whom we all treated with caution but only because we didn't trust his Silence I didn't think anything of it nor did the others adol fitler M K in a coincidence of history in 1903 two students at Lin Secondary School POS for a photo a few decades later in professional

life they will become infamous and famous Adolf Hitler is only a few days older than the factory owner's son of Jewish descent from Vienna Lut wienstein is two years ahead of Hitler in school He later becomes a philosopher and one of the pioneers of The Logical positivism and the analytic philosophy of language movements in 1906 viken Stein begins his studies in Berlin in 1904 Clara Hitler has to send her son adol who due to bad grades is again in danger of not moving upper class to the state Secondary School in Sher 40 km away look

at my school grades I had bad Marks in German that idiot of a professor spoiled the German language for me I would never be able to write a proper letter adol fitler in the fur's headquarters 1943 last grades at Secondary School iny diligence inconsistent German insufficient geography and history sufficient mathematics insufficient physics satisfaction Factory freehand Drawing commendable sport excellent I don't have a photograph of Adolf Hitler during the years of our friendship there probably aren't any photos of Hitler during this period everything that could be said about images of Hitler as a young man has

already been said were it not for the drawing by a classmate from the fourth grade of the junior high school iner by chance this drawing done in 19 5 was Preserved the boy could only draw profiles nevertheless there is something peculiarly fascinating about this pencil sketch Aus kubitsek after 9 years Adolf Hitler finishes school without graduating for the following 3 years he lives in Lin on his mother's pension not really doing anything all of his relatives considered him worthless a person who shied away from any gainful employment from the start Aus Kubitsek claraa Hitler lives

with her stepdaughter Angela her son Adolf and her 12-year-old daughter paa in an apartment in uar on the North Bank of the danu in Lin film is the most modern medium of the time but Adolf hit is Keen on architecture and Opera Vienna is the world capital of Music in the years when I was growing up everything in music was fermentation and rebirth with Gustaf maler at the Center Vicky B student at the Vienna Academy of Music Adolf Hitler talks his mother into allowing him to travel to Vienna he wants to apply for admission to

the general painting class at the Academy of f Arts from early in the morning to late at night I ran from one site seeing attraction to the next but the buildings were the only things that fascinated me all of ring Street affected me like a Spell from the Arabian Knights Adolf Hitler mine C from 1904 to 1908 I was Adolf Hitler's only friend in lince and thereafter in Vienna AUST kubek postcard to AUST kubek May the 7th 1906 I've arrived safely and I'm seeing all the sites tomorrow I'm going to the Opera to see Tristan

The Day After Tomorrow the Flying Dutchman Etc although I find everything really Beautiful here I miss Lin very much greetings from your friend adol Hitler Hitler who later in the opinion of a few art experts was not entirely untalented manages to pass the first selection but is turned down after the second Adolf Hitler born in bro Upper Austria on April the 20th 1889 German Catholic few faces test drawing unsatisfactory classification list of the general painting Class when Adolf Hitler disapp appointed by the rejection returns to his family in lint after 8 weeks claraa Hitler is

struck down with a serious illness She's suffering from a swelling nowadays it would be diagnosed as cancer for several months Adolf Hitler devotedly takes care of his mother at home Dr BL well loved by all was the Hitler family physician Aus kubit to a great degree the boy lived in His own world I have no idea what dreams he dreamt Dr idad BL Jewish physician of the Hitler family claraa Hitler dies in the night of December the 21st 1907 surrounded by her family in 1940 Adolf Hitler will allow his Jewish Family Doctor and his wife

Lily to immigrate to the United States the death of our mother had a great Effect on me and Adolf we were very attached to our mother when she died Adolf stopped coming home Paula Hitler Adolf Hitler's [Music] sister Vienna was the heart of the monarchy this is where the last life of the sick old body of the rotting Reich ebbed away Adolf Hitler mine Kamp many like me dreamed that later in life they would make their home in the Imperial City Manis sparber Austrian French writer a gray City wonderfully gray like Paris like every one

of these very old European cities Vicky Bal [Music] writer in contrast to what Hitler's sister po claims later Adolf Hitler remains in Lin several weeks after the death of his mother he never tells his family or his friend kubit that he Failed the admissions test the previous year apparently he was having some really bad days he was easily irritated and gave me me short shrift when I started to talk about my studies Aus kubit in the spring of 1908 Adolf Hitler begins living the life of a wasal in the Metropolis Vienna was the most thorough

education of my life Adolf Hitler mine Kamp the small inheritance that was Diligently managed by his Guardian had to cover both the cost of living and his stud he may have been able to supplement his income through the sale of drawings and paintings AUST kubit Adolf Hitler had convinced his friend's parents to allow their son to study music in Vienna dear friend I'm eagerly awaiting word on your visit right soon so that I can prepare the Festivities all of Vienna is waiting adult Hitler our living conditions were extremely modest for a long time I couldn't

get out of him where he ate for lunch my question would be gruffly brushed aside AUST kubit in Vienna Hitler shares an apartment with kubit and prepares for a second attempt to get into the Academy of Art the fura knew the vienes well they're a disgusting pack made up of a mixture of poles Czechs Jews and Germans yoseph gers diary he loved Vienna but not the vienes that's how I describe his attitude aus kubit in 1910 there were more than 175,000 practicing Jews living in Vienna according to the criteria of racial anti-Semitism which refers solely

to Ancestry regardless of the practice of religion the number of Jews is much higher I am now fairly sure that Vienna was the most anti-Semitic City that I've ever lived in Igan Schwartz vienes Jew Hitler was by no means a Jew hater in those days Reinhold Hanish Hitler's housemate in the brettin now men's Hostel at the time the town's mayor was Dr Carl luer a lawyer a passionate German nationalist a known anti-semite and the founder of the Christian social party that represented people in german-speaking Austria oh in Vienna there are Jews like sand at the

seaside everywhere nothing but [Music] Jews Dr Carl [Music] leager carer dies on March the 9th 1910 At the age of 65 his funeral is reportedly the most beautiful such ceremony in vien [Music] history K Lua was the role model from whom he learned the effectiveness of anti-Semitic [Music] agitation Stefan Spike Austrian writer the world of [Music] yesterday As the huge funeral procession of the deceased mayor moved from the town hall to ring cha I too found myself among the many hundreds of thousands watching the funeral procession adol fitler M K with his catchphrase we have

to help the little man car Lua captivated the entire lower class and the frustrated middle class with it the same social classes that Adolf Hitler later assembled around Him Stefan Spike I came to know the man and the movement I see in the man today more than ever before the most powerful German M of all time adol Hitler m k as Hitler watches the funeral many months have passed since his last contact with his friend [Music] kubit for the next months there's no trace of Hitler's activities in Vienna He's broken off contact with his family

and he fails the second Entrance Test at the Art [Music] Academy I was a young in experienced Man without any means of support forced to get by on my own the few Cronin often only cents from the proceeds of my work were barely enough to pay for my bed and board adol fitler mine C Hitler probably also went hungry and stayed in community hosts he begins to Copy street views of Vienna from books and then sells them as postcards and yet in one respect the bleakness of my surroundings didn't bother me in my mind I

spent these years living in palaces is Adolf Hitler monologue in the fur's headquarters in London A Member of Parliament who was raised in a palace is concerned about the Fulfillment of his dream he expresses this in a letter do you know I would greatly like To have some practice in the handling of large forces I am sure I have the root of the matter in me but but never I fear in this state of existence will it have a chance of flowering in bright red Bloom Winston Churchill Hitler's share of his father's inheritance is paid

out on April the 20th 1913 his 24th birthday Hitler met Rudolf hoyler in a men's hostel with him he wants to move to the German city of Munich He was just full of praise for this city and at the same time he didn't forget the large beer gardens and radishes Etc housemate of Hitler's in 1912 the main reason for leaving Austria is probably that the later Commander in Chief Adolf Hitler wants to get out of doing military service on Saturday May the 24th 1913 Hitler and Heisler give notice of departure to the police but don't

state where they plann to [Applause] [Music] live I had arrived in this town as a boy and departed as a quiet and serious man adol Hitler mine K these are the years just before the outbreak of the first World War [Music] it would be wrong to label these adolescent days untarnished as the dawn of light but the sun of a believably century was still Shining mankind was still free of barbarism one felt Century superior to the Demons of the Dark Ages it was really a delight to be alive will him mat cburg teacher son it

was a beautiful Sunday afternoon in Spring someone knocked on the door and I answered it it was a young man wanting to see the room we were renting I showed it to him and we reached an agreement FR Anna pop land Lady Adolf Hitler and Rudolph hoyler rent a room together from the Taylor pop at 34 schraa near the District of schwabing to avoid investigation by the Austrian military Administration Hitler declares himself stateless on his registration form life in Munich was diverse colorful and energetic with opportunities for employment activity and fun it was a luxurious

life you lived Cheaply and comfortably oen kmid book seller Memoirs schwabing was full of eccentric people all Munich learned to tolerate and enjoy the Oddity of their existence ER muam German Jewish publicist in purely personal terms Hitler liked the Carefree artists of schwabing when I dig out my memory of a schwabinger he was really into it with his body and soul and laughed Heartily but on a political level he rejected artistic folk Heinrich Hoffman photographer Munich [Applause] in Munich Adolf Hitler has found the city that is to become the center of his life he does

however remain an outsider his inheritance helps him build an uncertain yet adequate existence On The Fringe of society in 1913 a young man came into The shop and offered me an aquarel of the Munich residential Palace I liked the painting and I bought B several pictures from the young Hitler as I recall I paid him 15 to 20 marks for a painting depending on its [Music] execution Otto pal kber Goldsmith and Gem [Music] cutter usually around 4:30 in the afternoon Hitler came into the bakery And always bought the same thing a slice of braided sweet

white bread for five fenics then he went across the street to Dairy man Huer and bought half a liter of milk that was his dinner France Hilman Baker Munich the younger generation that we belonged to didn't know anything about war but were Intoxicated by Foreign Wars we had no real idea what war was adolf's father had never been a soldier now and again old men would talk about krets and Custa August kubit diary Friday June the 26th 1914 each day goes by just like the last the children are well Henrietta Schnider housekeeper East Prussia diary

Monday June the 29th 1914 Archduke France Ferdinand The Heir Apparent to the Austrian Throne has been killed along with his wife the scum of moral turpitude Henrietta Schneider the incident triggers a war in the Balkans that grows to become a world war in the summer of 1914 I was at a spa in Vis Boden day after day you could see how War psychosis was spreading through the population guso Manheim Colonel of the Russian Imperial Army of Finnish Swedish origin diary Sunday July the 26 1914 the fear of war is again evident dispatches told us that

War has broken Out between Serbia and Austria because Serbia doesn't want to fulfill the demands of Austria Henrietta Schneider letter July the 30th 1914 cat dear it is all up Germany has quenched the last hopes of Peace by declaring war on Russia and the Declaration against France is momentarily expected the world has gone mad and we must look after ourselves and our friends sweet Cat my tender love kiss the kittens Winston Churchill first Lord of the admiralty to his wife Clementine diary August the 2nd 1914 Germany has declared war on Russia swimming classes in the

afternoon France kfka Prague Insurance Clark for me those hours were a release from the annoying emotions of Youth I'm not ashamed to say today that I was overwhelmed with enthusiasm fell to my knees and thank the heavens with all my Heart that they hadd given me the Good Fortune to live in this era Adolf Hitler [Applause] M the German Reich has an imperial Fleet but no Army of its own 21 of the 24 German federal states send their recruits to Prussian regiments the kingdoms of Bavaria Saxony and venberg deploy their own armies the Austrian citizen

Hitler unwilling to do military service there will join the Royal Bavarian Army although this is actually only permitted to citizens of the German Reich on August the 2nd 1914 the day after Germany declares war on Russia there is a big patriotic rally on Odon plots in front of the ftown hall on August the 5th 1914 I enlisted in the Army on a request to his majesty and entered the first Bavarian Infantry Regiment I was deferred for several days then transferred to the second Infantry Regiment and finally assigned to the Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment number 16

on August the 16th Adolf Hitler outline of my [Applause] person Hinrich Hoffman photographs the ceremony years later in an enlargement he discovers a face among the masses which is presumably Hitler's there were younger and older men the so-called substitute reservists we had companies that comprised up to 60% One-year volunteers helmets at that time the pointed Kaiser helmets weren't available as a start we marched out wearing the shako cap provided for the National Guard Fritz vman second leftenant Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 the regiment is named the list regiment after its first Commander Colonel Julius list

for the first time in his life Adolf Hitler wears a Uniform Hitler's landl reports that he came to her on Friday August the 9th 1914 to say goodbye he took my husband by the hand and said if I die would you please write to my sister maybe she'd like to have my few possessions if not you can keep them I'm sorry if I've caused you any difficulties he shook my hand as well as I stood there crying we were all so fond of him Anna pop land lady to Adolf Hitler In Munich Hitler Personnel files

show an objective picture of a courageous well-b behaved soldier who was twice wounded or injured by mustard gas he saw military action from beginning to end and was highly decorated for his bravery report of the Bavarian War archive October the 13th 1924 he served four years in the same regiment with only short breaks and took part in nearly all the battles Fritz vman second left [Music] tenant in the early morning hours of October the 21st 1914 Hitler's regiment sets out from Munich station in a Westerly Direction later in the year 1924 Adolf Hitler reads a

draft of his book mine C to Rudolph hes his cmate in lb prison he talks about deployment and the ride along the rine the train with the young volunteer regiment winds its way Past the neval memorial the song The watch on the Rind resonates from the lips of the boys Rudolph Hess letter to ilao on the morning of October the 23rd the regiment crosses the Belgian border and by the evening reaches the northern French town of Lil from a distance we heard the monotonous sound of our heavy mortars we dismounted and lounged around the rifle

pyramids shortly before midnight we Finally marched into the town itself Adolf Hitler mine camp in the Battle of Flanders a quarter of the soldiers from Hitler's regiment are killed if Hitler had spent the final four years of the war in the trenches the chances of his survival would have been very low shortly after the first combat mission of the list regiment Hitler is promoted to Lance corporal he will reject further promotions during the Course of the war this would have involved an attachment to other Army units and Hitler would have lost the camaraderie and security

of the regimental family for the first time Hitler was part of a bigger community and with that came the order and structure that spared him the daily struggle to survive Fritz vman left tenant as of November the 9th Hitler is deployed as a dispatch Runner and Assigned to the regimental staff his main task is to bring command messages to the various battalions of the regiment in the eyes of many soldiers in the trenches the staff orderlies behind the immediate front are privileged cowards all ordinary soldiers think that anyone from the regimental staff is a cowardly

swine it's also true however that it was better to be in the regimental staff than in the company Adolf we can't deny that we were in the Regimental staff these people think that no officer was ever hit by a rifle or a machine gun bullet for them anyone who didn't serve in the trenches didn't serve at all Ferdinand vidman musician comrade of Adolf Hitler in the regimental staff in a letter 1932 Hitler is respected by his comrades at regimental headquarters but he remains an outsider in five of six photos showing Hitler with his comrades he's

either standing or sitting to one side diary July the 7th 1916 the English are also advancing but the Germans are positioned well in front of Veron Hoya's terrible letter his best friend is seriously wounded both arms torn off many others are dead he writes that if he still had a mother he would ask her to pray for him K Kitz painter and sculptress in early 1915 Adolf Hitler 2 Is already disillusioned as other comrades turn to alcohol or religion or lose their self-discipline Hitler claims to have undergone a metamorphosis whenever death was on the prowl

a certain something attempted to rebel and appeared to the weak body in the guise of reason and was in fact only cowardice that was behind this disguise trying to seduce the individual by the winter of 19156 this battle was already decided for me the will itself had finally become my complete Master now fate could put me to the test without me losing my nerves a young War volunteer had become an old Soldier Adolf Hitler mine camp on October the 2nd 1916 the regimental staff at lebak takes over a house with a fortified shelter you could

hardly sit down you tripped over comrade's legs the air was Thick and damp almost suffocating but Zant meire dispatch Runner Hitler is wounded in the left thigh by a British artillery shrapnel on October the 5th 1916 Bazar brm i' just taken a seat next to Hitler when a shell hit in the middle of the corridor the ceiling was shattered into a thousand pieces and the fragments went everywhere Fritz vaman leftenant six dispatch Runners were wounded among them was my messenger Adolf Hitler as I leaned over him he said to me it's not that bad leftenant

sir I'll stay with you stay with the regiment 4 days later Hitler is taken to the Red Cross Hospital in belits south of Berlin by March the 1st 1917 he's back running dispatches in the regimental staff in the following months he participates in Combat [Applause] activities on August the 4th 1918 Hitler is awarded the Iron Cross first class the highest military honor that soldiers of his rank in the Imperial German Army can receive the nomination was submitted by a Jewish officer leftenant Hugo Goodman [Music] I never got out of Hitler the reason for his fanatical

hatred of Jews the experience with Jewish officers during the World War couldn't have contributed to this Fritz vman Li tenant the only two military medals that Hitler will wear in the Third Reich are the Iron Cross and the black wound badge from the first World War [Applause] the Western Front collapses on August the 8th 1918 as a result General ludolf declares to Kaiser vham II on September the 29th that a military catastrophe is unavoidable he asks the Kaiser to request a ceasefire with the Allies within 24 hours and a rupt change in the posture of

the Supreme Army command from pretended confidence in Victory to an admission of defeat on September the 27th 1918 Adolf Hitler returns to his regiment from leave the day after a British attack Forces the regiment to abandon its position in the night of of October the 13th Hitler's War service ends in a heavy British barrage the English pester the position especially with gas which leads to deplorable losses including a large part of the regiment staff history of the regiment Munich 1932 mustard gas was used on a hill south of the city of verik on October the

13th we came under several hours of Artillery fire with gas shells already around midnight some of us dropped out including some comrades permanently in the morning I too experienced pain that grew stronger every 15 minutes and at 7:00 I staggered and stumbled back with burning eyes taking my last message of the war with me Adolf Hitler mine Kamp after treatment in a mobile Army hospital Adolf Hitler is transported to the Russian Reserve Hospital in pag Western Pomerania he's been on the front For 42 of the 51 months of the war Hitler remains in paral for

28 days during which the world changes initially engaged by the police to supply information on the nsdap Hitler quickly takes on the leading role in the party he recognizes that he has talent as a public speaker and his skills in art and architecture enable him to lay out a modern image of the party he designs the Swastika flag he is impressed by the march to Rome by musolini and the fascists in Italy and attempts to copy it but Hitler's attempted coup of 1923 fails and he spends more than a year in jail during which time

he writes mine Camp the nsdap is banned and he and the entire membership are forbidden from speaking in public Hitler is confronted with an uncertain [Music] future it was not just young people People marching up and down the streets there were many who could not get over the defeat and many others were unable to find their way back in a normal working life because that world had disappeared or was falling apart and there was no regular work even if one was willing to work George gross painter is life told by himself in the military Hospital

in paraval Adolf Hitler and the other patients learn that a revolution has taken place the monarchy abdicated and a ceasefire been concluded diary Spa November the 3rd 1918 Bavaria has been declared a republic hin are announces that the Reich tag except for the conservatives demands the abdication of the Kaiser his majesty sharply refuses diary Spa November the 7th 1918 We are now experiencing the blooming of bolism in Germany the Kaiser can now only sleep with the help of pills seagard F Ilan adjutant to Kaiser vham [Applause] II diary Berlin November the 9th 1918 the Kaiser

has abdicated the revolution has triumphed in Berlin har graph Kesler publicist and Diplomat I hadn't cried since the day I stood by my mother's grave now I Couldn't stop myself Adolf Hitler mine [Music] Kamp like everything else in mine C this portrayal is a stylization and must be doubted we don't know whether it was Hitler's will or merely coincidence that influenced his future course from then on but from that point on I decided to become a politician adol Hitler mine C Revolution breaks out in Munich on November the 7th 1918 before the unrest reaches Berlin

the following day the journalist and author Court Eisner a left-wing member of the social Democrats proclaims a republic in Munich the vbak dynasty has been deposed from now on Bavaria is a free state quot Eisner Proclamation November the 8th 1918 instituted by workers and soldiers a government of right and left social Democrats led by Court Eisner govern Munich and Bavaria for 100 days some members of his government are keen on introducing worker and peasant councils they didn't understand EA how should they there was no Imperial Bavarian coziness roughness sloppiness or bonom me to him he

was an abstract moralist Ricardo H writer and historian [Applause] Munich on November the 21st 1918 Adolf Hitler returns to Munich he tries to evade demobilization and remain a soldier as a Jew Eisner is exposed to Relentless anti-semitic attacks from the very start the campaign against him ends on February the 21st 1919 when he is shot dead in the street in broad daylight by a former officer the body of Court Eisner is escorted by a long funeral procession from Munich's teresian visa to the OST Fror Cemetery the proletariat wanted to turn eisner's grave into a victory

Memorial the Gathering was said to have been enormous Ricardo H Adolf Hitler accompanies the procession as a silent Observer he keeps his distance to the radical revolutionary forces but as yet also to their right-wing opponents there are clashes in the state capital between Radical left-wing supporters of the workers councils and parliamentary democracy the Parliamentary oriented Social Democrat majority allows right-wing volunteer groups the so-called free cause to break the power of the workers councils Hitler still a soldier doesn't register with a right-wing core but instead remains in his barracks in Munich letter to Clara and Fritz

Hess the volunteer core made an Excellent impression without them we would have been finished in Bavaria Rudolph Hess student and member of the free call all we knew was that one wind was blowing in from the East and another from the west and that the storm was blowing all around the Earth but the capital of our new German Republic was also like a bubbling cauldron you could not see who was heating The Cauldron you just saw him boiling cheerfully and felt The ever increasing heat all were hated the Jews the capitalists the landowners the Communists

the military the homeowners the workers the unemployed the black reichs Fair the control commissions the politicians the department stores and once again the Jews it was an orgy of hate speech and the Republic was weak barely perceptible that had to end in a terrible crash George gross in German Society there are Distinct social environments above all the broad-based but politically divided workers movement the legacy of the Social Democratic Babel party was great with all their organizations from the Cradle to the Grave and belief in the future which allowed one to forget the Gloom of the

present vly Brandt born as Herbert Fram in Lubec [Music] memoirs At first the emerging National Socialist movement couldn't break into the Socialist and Catholic environments and then only gradually up until the death of the charismatic politician Gustaf in October 1929 both social groups believe they can form a parliamentary majority in the German Reich with the parties of the Protestant middle and upper classes not every Petty bouro can become a Hitler but there is something of Hitler in every Petty bouro leot trosky communist revolutionary in Mexican Exile Adolf Hitler's entry into politics has historical significance it

begins in Munich in the Summer and Autumn of 1919 in the deeper layers of man predatory forces lie dormant guards of lunatic asylums know this if these forces are able to influence mass movements this has effects like those Created by Hitler Arnold sik German writer postcard to Clara and Fritz Hess the one thing that keeps me going is the hope of Revenge even though it is still very far away Rudolph [Applause] H the war veteran Hitler feels less desire for Revenge than contempt for the supposed traitors in the interior in the second volume of mine

Camp he will voice the threat of wanting to execute several tens of thousands of so-called November criminals the rice spere was created out of the armies of Imperial Prussia Bavaria Saxony and venberg the Bavarian Army becomes a Melting Pot for anti-republican forces during this period Hitler grows more radical he's under the influence of army officers like KL Meer the head of The intelligence battalion [Music] when I met him for the first time he came across as a tired stray dog looking for an owner Carl Myra captain of the Reich spere kmra also finances patriotic parties

like the deut abai the German Workers Party which is founded in Munich on January the 5th 1919 mainly by a group of Railway Men Myra observes his subordinate Hitler discovers his ability to agitate and assigns the Corporal to attend a course at the Reich camp at lefeld near alborg Carl Alexander F Müller National conservative historian Memoirs at the end of my lecture a small group came came over they seemed captivated by a man in their midst who spoke to them without interruption in a strange gutl voice and with growing passion one day I had the

opportunity to Talk to a large audience and what I had always instinctively felt without knowing it turned out to be true I could speak in public Adolf Hitler mine C her Hitler is I might say a born people's orator who through his fanaticism and his popular presence in a gathering compels his audience to listen and think a soldier camp at [Music] lefeld on September the 12th 1919 Hitler who has in the meantime been demobbed is sent to spy on the German Workers Party by who also provides financial support during the discussion a professor spoke about

separatist views a second speaker then took the floor and in short powerful words demolished the professor it was Adolf Hitler mik lter Secretary of the German Workers Party in the second half of September 1919 Hitler joins the German Workers Party and participates regularly in its meetings German Workers Party Munich chapter we hereby request your presence at an assembly at the guest house German Reich on Wednesday December the 10th 1919 at 700 p.m. speaker har Hitler on Germany in its deepest humiliation the hall is heated Yosef Mayer first Secretary among the various right-wing radical organizations the

nsdap was by no means the strongest but it was the most active and cohesive group its significance is solely the result of the effect of Hitler as a speaker an hanger born 1887 son of a publisher acquaintance of Adolf Hitler from 1920 the architectural painter Hitler sketches a party flag in the old Reich Colors of black red and white with a swastika in the middle this is a popular symbol in nationalist circles the swastika as a symbol of the work the white as a sign of our national attitude and the red as a sign of

our true social thought [Applause] in the cross however there must be a deeper meaning namely the spirit which signifies labor in this world the spirit Of the idealism of aryanism and not the spirit of the Jew Adolf Hitler M shortly after the cop PCH I saw someone scribbling strange figures in his notebook a few Strokes that could be shaped into a symmetrical box-like ornament I was tempted to do the same what is that I asked him in a whisper anti-semitic Insignia the airart troops wore them on their helmets it means Jews out you have To

know [Music] this Sebastian Hoffner author Memoirs the swastika is found on prehistoric vessel and devices and is a Buddhist religious symbol in India Maya's great encyclopedia 1888 on February the 24th 1920 Hitler speaks for the first time in front of more than a thousand people at the horf booy house he also presents the party's 25o program which is formally valid for A quarter of a century until the demise of the nsdap first we demand the unification of all Germans in a greater Germany based on the right of self-determination of the people second we demand equal

rights for the German people in respect to other nations and the abrogation of the peace treaties of versailes and San jamain third we demand land and territory for the sustenance of our People and settlement of our Surplus population fourth only a national comrade can be a citizen only those of German blood can be National comrades regardless of creed consequently no Jew can be a national comrade a few days later they changed their name from the German Workers Party to the National Socialist German Workers Party or nsdap that Hitler is staunchly anti-Semitic is made undoubtedly clear

in his later Acts when and perhaps why he became so radically anti-semitic is still unclear his own statements on this including the description in mind com of an experience in Vienna are like many others invented because they do not fit with his behavior between 1909 and 1919 Hitler possessed the gift of Autos suggestion impulsive enthusiasm inspired words with whose impetus he himself could be carried away thus he worked Himself into a state in which he began to believe things he had originally touched on only haphazardly or for a different purpose Lutz grain fek from 1932

to 1945 Reich finance minister Hitler was the party and the party was Hitler and hanger Adolf Hitler meets Anum an active staff officer who had taken part in the violent overthrow of the munic workers Councils R is soon in charge of a Hitler assault Detachment from the end of 1921 the troops form the core of the sa the Storm Troopers of the nsdap the task of the sa is to protect political events and provide paramilitary training it remains an indisputable law of history that people fail to recognize great movements when they first begin so I

can't really say when I first heard the name Adolf Hitler in any case it Must have been really early on because our alborg was 2 and 1 half hours away by train sort of a neighboring city of Munich Stefan Spike [Music] I heard about Hitler for the first time in the year 1920 I read several essays by him which I very much admired they were completely to my taste my interest in Hitler was awakened car Val civil servant in alborg Later provincial nsdap leader Hitler the party leader was a homon noas nobody really knew where

he came from Albert Crees member of the nsdap from [Applause] 1922 Hitler is unmarried and has no friends he has no assets and he doesn't take any income from the party investigative division 4A Munich police at a protest rally on kunix plats in Munich on August the 16th 1922 Hitler speaks with other leaders of nationalist Unity movements during the rally the sa appear for the first time in public as a paramilitary formation with their own flag numeric they're barely noticeable with fewer than 800 participants compared to the 30,000 armed men of the other parties because

right now here in Munich a movement is starting so strong that all young powerful and healthy forces are attracted to it it is the National Socialist German Workers Party to make it absolutely clear we're anti-semites [Music] IL later Iles from 1921 member of the nsdap letter to her former College [Music] teacher diary October the 29th 1922 in Italy the fascists have seized power via Ru if they keep it up this is a historical event that could have incalculable consequences for the whole Of Europe harra Kesler the march on Rome in 1922 was a turning point

in history the very fact that it could be done gave us a big boost Adolf Hitler monologue in the fur's headquarters for Hitler Uche was a role model Raa musolini wife of Bonito musolini speech at the national Club in Zurich August the 30th 1923 things either take their course like in Russia or end up like in Italy with a dictatorship of a musolini Adolf Hitler I heard Hitler's name for the first time in a pub on Alexander Platz in Berlin a customer was talking about the bavarians they're real men they're the right ones workers and

real Germans his neighbors protested but the supporter of this man Hitler kept insisting I'm speaking as a German and a Worker Ilia elinborg Russian Jewish writer actually the seeds were already swn in 1923 the Mass rallies the storm battalions their own newspaper the swastika apart from himler and gribbles the core of the coming leadership of the party Carl Alexander Fon Mulla acquaintance of Hitler when the first party Congress is held the oxburg essay is well represented at this first Public Presentation I get the impression that This has substance we are not alone the the idea

of the Fatherland is growing Carval alburg former sa member the oror Hitler is still flirting with his future role May the 4th 1923 what can save Germany is a dictatorship of national will a national resoluteness this raises the question is the right personality present our task is not to look for that person he is either delivered from heaven or Not delivered at all adol Hitler on April the 23rd 1923 Adolf Hitler climbs up the obals bag for the first time to visit the author di EAD he spends the night in the Mor's Guest House the

owners of the guest house are supporters of the movement letter to claraa and Fritz Hess July the 15th 1923 fortunately Hitler is now often in The mountains recuperating it's really unusual to suddenly see him in lerosen with exposed knees and in shirt sleeves Rudolph [Music] Hess September the 18th 1923 about half 9 we set out vaba and I sat behind in the fur in the car with cocked pistols in hand ready to act at any moment we arrived in Berlin at about 2: A.m. I'm thankful that I can remember that he pointed out the palace

and the Parliament and said to me gra when our swastika waves above these magnificent buildings I'll be the furer of all Germans orograph Adolf Hitler's first bodyguard my belief in germanism had not wavered for a single moment but my hope I confess had reached a low E with a single blow you have Transformed the state of my soul the fact that Germany gave birth to a Hitler in its hour of greatest need is proof of its Vitality houon Stuart Chamberlain British racial theorist letter to Adolf Hitler October the 7th [Music] 1923 the German economy collapses

in August 1923 hyperinflation sets in everything is getting worse famine a loaf of bread 140 billion then reduced Again to 80 billion famine famine everywhere K kvit in the evening to the in the summer for the worldwide performance rights to all M's Works Alma Mala got 250,000 marks on a day when a tram ride cost 300,000 marks Arthur schnitzler Austrian writer diary the national associations overestimate their own strength and believe that Parliamentary democracy is at an end the writer Ernst yunger in the falish newspaper September the 23rd 1923 the real revolution has not even begun

yet it is marching forward Unstoppable its Banner is the swastika it will replace words with Deeds ink with blood the pen with a sword interview with a daily male newspaper October the 2nd 1923 if a musolini were to appear in Germany then the people would fall on Their knees and worship him more than musolini has ever been worshiped Adolf Hitler a large Revolt from the right and area with ludendorf at its head Henrietta Schneider housekeeper East Prussia report of the regional government of upper Bavaria Munich November the9th 1923 the day before yesterday Hitler promised general

f loso and Colonel friser personally that he Would not undertake anything the answer to this word of Honor was given last night when with pistol in hand Hitler extorted a a declaration in favor of a national dictatorship from General State commissioner Fon car General Fon loo and Colonel Fon ciser at the same time the ministers present were taken into custody by Hitler's people in a voice trembling with emotion Hitler shouted the national revolution has begun the Bavarian government is Deposed a provisional government will be formed please stay calm otherwise I'll put a machine gun in

the gallery an hangle remain calm and level-headed you've all got your beer Herman guring former Captain sa leader Hitler presents his suggestions for new governments in Berlin and Munich and mentions ER ludor as furer and chief with dictatorial power over the German National Army he asks the already drunken audience do you accept this solution for the German question of a greater German State then as the crowd shouts its agreement Hitler proclaims morning will either find us with a national government in Germany or find us dead November the 9th 1923 the the Dreadful Revolution was 5

years ago today the Kaiser was pensive he was really interested in news Of the new national government in [Applause] Munich zard V ilman agitant to Kaiser vham II Dawn [Applause] Netherlands the Revolt is intended to put Munich and Bavaria in the hands of the revolutionaries and then with a march on Berlin to topple the democratic system the pists counting on defections from the Army in Bavaria and the Bavarian police these however fail to Materialize the only major success of the revolutionaries is the capture of the district Army Headquarters under the command of Anum in his

wake marches a young man with metal rimmed glasses the 23-year-old hinry himler and unemployed agronomist on the morning of November the 10th 2,000 re evolutionaries some armed marched from the burger Bry beer hall through the center of town to ludwicka at Odon [Music] Platz 10 years later Munich November the 9th 1933 amateur film of a tradition that actually dates from the year of the seizure of power the annual March of the old fighters of the nsdap to the felan Hal leading the column as in 1923 are Adolf Hitler and hman [Music] guring report of the

local station to federal state police command at 12:30 on November the 9th 1923 police station for Ad MIT 2 was deployed to titina stasa to defend against and Advan by Hitler troops the police had just arrived when wild shouting and screaming began on Resident stasa I hurried around Feld Hall with my squad and noticed that the Counterattack of the Hitler troops had penetrated our post as we attacked our opponents we were met with mounted bayonets and loaded rifles and pistols mik frer vonin leftenant federal State [Music] police we retreated to Cafe Stephanie people soon came

in and said there had been a skirmish on the ordan plots and the enormous crowd of Hitler men turned and ran away from the state police Oscar Maria graph writer from my [Music] life 15 revolutionaries one bystander and four policemen die in the Hitler coup of 1923 The Munich PCH marks the definite end for Hitler and his National Socialist followers New York Times November 1923 on November the 12th 1923 Adolf Hitler is sent to the Fortress prison in lansburg he is given cell number seven [Music] the leaders of the P are put on trial for

high treason in the main lecture theater of the central War school on February the 26th 1924 report of the vmag Emissary March 13th 1924 I attended one of the hearings myself I was upset to see how The Observers who you could clearly see were mostly circles close to Hitler used every opportunity to show their support for the accused K MOA F fizek evidence from Witnesses and discussions last 25 days on March the 27th 1924 the accused give their final statements letter to Clara and Fritz h Hitler's final statement enclosed it is one of the best

most powerful speeches that he has ever given even those in the courtroom who weren't particularly friendly to Hitler were deeply moved Rudolph H the verdict is handed down on April the 1st 1924 all of the accused with the exception of lenol are found guilty later in dinner conversation Hitler Repeatedly made fun of the Bavarian government for putting him into lansburg prison and then setting him free instead of executing him he left no doubt that he would have done the opposite and taken drastic measures Fritz vman War comrade of Hitler Adolf Hitler is sentenced to a

minimum of 5 years in prison and ordered to pay a fine of 200 gold marks in his 13 months in lbar prison Adolf Hitler Begins the transcript of His Manifesto minec that portrays his alleged journey through life and development as a politician and sets out his world [Music] view Hans Frank lawyer participant in the P he once told me over dinner that in prison he read whatever he could get hold of Nicha Chamberlain Ranka trka Marx and others lansburg was my college at the state's expense I recognized the Long-term validity of my ideas from the

history of the world and of nature Adolf Hitler his small room was full of books newspapers and magazines there was a manuscript on his desk that he seemed to be working on at the time vilhelm laforce member of shock troops Hitler division letter to Ila Munich June the 29th 1924 when I brought him tea this Afternoon he insisted that I stay to listen to his text revisions Rudolph hes lansburg prison Adolf Hitler writes mine C during during his confinement in lansburg prison in the year 1924 and continues in the months after his release so I

decided not only to clarify the goals of our movement but also to draw a picture of its development with that I also had the chance to give a representation of my Own development adol fitler forward to mamp letter to Ila August the 4th 1925 the Tribune believes he can finish his book by next week I don't think so Rudolph H the biographical parts of his book are to a great extent exaggerated and unverified however his political goals are deadly serious his view of the world is voluntaristic he sees it as he wants to see It

Hitler's political gospel is derived from A Primitive darwinian idea of a struggle for existence it reflects the permanent fight for survival of all against all transferred from nature to Human Society this struggle is a selection process in which so-called high quality races have a better chance of survival at its head is supposedly a white person of the Nordic race of arens that Hitler glorifies as the founders of culture like most anti-semites before Him Hitler believes in a Jewish race disguised as a religious community he sees Jews in history as being parasites in the bodies of

other nations and as contaminators of the blood of the Aryan race for hours the blackhaired Jew boy waits to Ambush the unsuspecting girl whom he pollutes with his blood and thus steals her from her people with the same hidden agenda destroying the hated white race with the inevitable resulting bastardization Adolf Hitler mine K Hitler develops the caricature of an alleged Jewish conspiracy that has as its goal the extermination of all Aryans this paranoid hidden conspiracy theory alleges that International jewry devised bolshevism and global capitalism in order to destroy the Aryan race in another chapter Hitler

drafts plans for territorial living space for his Aran German Nation the concern about a people without space is out ofd in the already broadly industrialized Society Of the German right in nationalist circles however it is still popular we are stopping the endless German movement southwards and turning our gaze towards the land in the East if today we speak of new land in Europe we can primarily only have in mind Russia and her vassel border states Adolf Hitler mine the first edition of mine C is published by the NS dap's ear publishing Company and runs to

392 Pages diary October the 14th 1925 I am finishing Hitler's book with great excitement who is this man half plean and half God is this really Christ or just John the Baptist Yosef Gobles the few authors who really took the time to read Hitler's book mocked the pompous style of his writing his so-called Pros Rather than dealing with his political program Stefan spike in the year 1945 the US military psychologist Gustav Mark Gilbert interrogates holf Hur the commander of the aitz concentration camp in his prison cell to find out where the anti-Semitism came from I

asked him how he had arrived at his anti-semitic views he said for years he had read Gal's weekly editorials as well as rosenberg's the myth of the 20th century and of course Hitler's mine Camp Gustav M Gilbert nurenberg diary on November the 23rd 1923 a ban had been issued against the nsdap all of the party's Holdings were confiscated the administration in Munich shut down and the party's newspaper the fish shaba banned during his imprisonment Hitler Allows the party to disband so that no rival can fill his post ludi's lust in meinburg this German federal state

is an early stronghold of nationalist Hitler is not directly involved in Party politics while in prison members of the movement link up with other nationalist forces presenting them together as one single list of candidates in national elections on May the 2nd 1924 the list performs exceptionally Well in mikin Borg schin where it gains 21% of the vote the positive results convince Hitler to take power in future by legal means [Music] report of the verber Emissary December the 20th 1924 the state supreme court has now overruled the appeal by the prosecution against the decision of the

district court thereby granting probation for the Remainder of the sentence car m f filek Hitler's remaining sentence of 3 years 333 days 21 hours and 50 minutes is waved according to the pedantic ially exact court [Music] records I don't know any other city as hospitable as Munich everything would have been there to enjoy if there had not been one person too many the man from The Burger Bry beer house had been Released from prison Friedrich Hollander German composer diary January the 14th 1925 at the end of the month Hitler wants to call for the reestablishment

of the National Socialist German Workers Party the only thing to do Yosef Gobles on February the 27th 1925 Hitler reestablishes The Party The Social Democrat Friedrich ibert has been the elected president of The German Reich since January 1919 following a line of Kings and Kaisers that goes back hundreds of years in the viar Republic the Office of the President is powerful the rice Army appears loyal to the Republic and its president but large segments of the population are not happy with an elected president at the head of the government four months of rehearsals in Berlin

cut off from the outside you Experience world events only marginally like when an orchestra mus position has given sandwiches by his wife wrapped in the midday paper oh Fredick Iber is dead Hindenburg has been elected president Friedrich Hollander German composer we have a nanny she comes from a small town in the north where residents tend to be really nationalistic she's just been there on holiday when asked what people there have to say about abt's death she Answered sadly never have so many champagne corks been popped in our town as on the news of that death

Alfred K theater critic in the first round of Elections for German president on March the 29th 1925 Irish ludendorf is the candidate of the newly formed nsdap and other nationalistic groups he only receives 1.1% of the votes when Paul Fon Hindenburg enters the race in the second round of voting Adolf Hitler Orders his party to support the Aging 77-year-old Army General Hitler is now unquestionably the sole leader of the national Camp diary April the 26th 1925 villes 52nd birthday at 10:00 the election began 86 hinden b 28 for Marx 11 for tailman was the final

result in the school building right and left were United by alcohol and sang patriotic songs Henrietta [Applause] Schneider diary April the 27th 1925 at 2: a.m. the latest results hinden with a 900,000 vote lead over Marx endless cheering among the masses Long Live Hindenburg it is one step towards the final goal no more and no less Long Live Hindenburg Yosef [Applause] gas the election of Hindenberg as German President divides the viar period into two chapters this closes the first which you could probably at a stretch call revolutionary and at the same time it opens the

second which could best be described as a moderate restoration Julius laber SPD member of the rice talk diary April the 26 1925 Hindenberg elected is he the man that Germany needs at this time is he Not too old too easy to influence Bella from German Jewish journalist during my visit I met Hindenberg for the first time I was shocked by the completely apolitical attitude and mental clumsiness of the man in whose hands the German people had put the power that confers the constitution on the Reich president a man with a soldierly sense of Duty filled

with an honest will to keep the oath on the Republican Constitution that was my first impression it also became clear to me that everything would depend on good political advisers the first of whom had to be the Reich chancellor who determines policy that he was not always granted such advisors so that he finally succumbed to the whisperings of shortsighted plotters was disastrous both for himself and the German Nation Otto Brown Social Democrat Prussian prime Minister as soon as Hitler gets out of prison he reestablishes the nsdap after his imprisonment he decides to take power by

legal means instead of attempting a further coup as the unquestioned leader of the nsdap and the national Camp he develops the party into a powerful movement the nsdap attracts mainly young people and offers an alternative to the established bureaucratic parties as the economy recovers in the Late 1920s the nsdap stagnates but with the crisis at the beginning of the 1930s Hitler's party regains popularity Hitler loses the election for President but in the next parliamentary elections the nsdap becomes the strongest party nevertheless Hindenberg still refuses to appoint Chancellor Hitler must rethink how he can come to

[Music] power at the head of the Reich stood an Imperial Field Marshal as far as I knew with ultraconservative views and a limited intellect the anti-republican conservative party now called the German national had occasionally participated in government why shouldn't this continue pursue further consolidation where were the Alternatives the Communists would never come to power certainly not the national socialists gooman student Diary November the 28th 1926 departure Monday morning arrival in the afternoon in Essen straight to the boss he's happy that I've come to the auditorium a huge Hall filled to bursting with people Hitler comes

in then he speaks for 2 hours he was the fura again for whom it is a real pleasure to fight Yosef geras nsdap leader of Berlin after imprisonment in lansburg Hitler becomes the sole leader of the Nationalist movement he feels chosen by Destiny to show Germany the way to National salvation although the party remains unsuccessful at the polls and membership increases only slowly the personality cult around Hitler is [Applause] growing this fura cult holds the National Socialist movement together across ideological divisions and personal [Applause] differences the salute H Hitler also began to take hold at

about this time it originally came from the harmless greeting H so and so something you'd say to people in sporting or cycling clubs without using their names and an hanger Hitler acquaintance letter from Marga to hinley himla March the 2nd 1928 dear sweetheart earlier on I tried to imagine how you looked as a boy do You have any pictures why are you going to a Hitler meeting you know what he has to say sweetheart I kiss you your little [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] wife gasa and Dres in 1929 the druggist Gregor stasa has been the

Reich organization director of the nsdap since 1928 and thus the party's second most Important man in the north of the German Reich he ensures a rise in popularity for the nsdap but he is a socialist revolutionary and committed to cooperating with the Soviet Union and thus comes more and more into conflict with Hitler since 1925 stasa has sponsored his secretary the young Hinrich himler at Hitler's behest himler will have stasa murdered by the SS on June the 30th [Music] 1934 the German interior Ministry States in March 1927 that the nsdap is not moving forward it

did not succeed in bringing its supporters even close to the strength that it reached in the year [Music] 1923 Hitler had failed to reach the middle class himself now when the middle class fell with the mark and were later exasperated by the world crisis he offered himself as their Savior depressed they wanted dreams he offered them dreams for the moment and security for the future he made them fight and they made him a God the god of the petty Bourgeois precisely because he thought and spoke what was inarticulate in their minds Steven H Roberts Australian

historian who lived in Germany during the 1920s in 1928 Hitler rents a small house on the or alburg known as house vfel he Used to stay here under the name [Music] harol Hitler allows his closest friends to call him Wolf the reason for this Hitler went by the nickname wolf at the beginning of his political career Hinrich Hoffman friend of Adolf Hitler Hitler understands the name as the Germanic root of Adolf it corresponds to his View view of the world as a place of constant struggle for Survival to Hitler the name wul implies the idea

of strength aggression and Solitude vand wul gang Verena and I we all loved wolf because he enthralled us with his Venture stories about his travels through Germany for us his life was exciting because it was so different everything was like a fairy tale fedelin Vagner granddaughter of Richard Vagner soon Hitler has enough money to buy house Vened from 1924 onwards the German economy recovers this leads to the five golden years of the viar Republic looking back on it now I see the Mad whirl of this Berlin of 1928 and 29 as a kind of pompeian

Revel on the eve of the vesuvian ruption Sefton Delma correspondent of the Daily Express in Berlin diary September the 19th 1928 Elsa wrote that she has had her haircut in a bob I am shocked would Never have thought it possible but one shouldn't be surprised at any anything [Music] nowadays diary October the 3rd 1928 yesterday Ela visited cheery and gay her Bob suits her extremely well nevertheless to me it looks awful and will remain so Henrietta Schneider housekeeper East Prussia the Nazis hated culture itself because it is essentially International And therefore subversive of nationalism Christopher

ishwor British American [Music] writer in the 1920s Berlin was ahead of everything that was known as New in our field it had everything reinhardt's great Theater Great film studios great films the most beautiful bars and restaurants including gay bars Berlin was productive and Rich with ideas rich in ideals and at the same time practical A combination never achieved [Music] before Malina dietr actress and singer [Music] Memoirs if Maestro clera takes the Tempe differently than fort bengler if a painter adds to a dusker hue which one canot even in bright daylight perceive in Pomerania if one

is for birth control if one builds a house with a flat roof this is all cultural bolshevism as is showing a cesarian section in a film Cultural bolshevism is practiced by the actor chaplain and if the physicist Einstein asserts that the principle of a constant speed of light can only be invoked where there is no gravity this must also be cultural bolshevism and a personal favor to Mr Stalin Carl fety publisher of the velt buer magazine art was no longer a mere ornament of life but rather its immediate Expression cubism futurism expressionism whatever you want

to call it this is how we were this was our world so shaken and shocked that everything was upside down surrealism of course what else Vicky B writer and [Music] journalist I met Hitler personally for the first time in early October 1927 he was accompanied by Rudolph hes in the hotel Hitler immediately went to his room hes followed him quick L after Ordering 20 bottles of mineral water for the lecturn on the grounds that Hitler sweated a great deal during the big speeches and he was liable to lose 5 pounds in weight Albert Crepes provincial

nsda leader Hamburg the old Social Democratic People's Party had almost no orators able to mobilize the masses while the National Socialist speakers whipped their followers into a frenzy the social Democrats tormented their listeners with figures statistics and evidence Julius Leber editor-in Chief Social Democratic Lua F Borton [Music] newspaper [Music] on November the 16th 1928 for the first time after the ban on public speaking in Prussia has been lifted Hitler speaks in the spart palast in Berlin allegedly in front of 18,000 supporters for the first Time he uses an electroacoustic sound system speaking into a microphone

and and for the first time his words are clearly understood in every corner of a large [Applause] [Music] space [Music] between 1925 and 1929 Hitler's small political movement is marked by activism dynamism enthusiasm youthfulness and Strength nearly 60% of new party members are under 30 years old [Music] the Reich Banner black red gold a league of German War veterans and Republicans was founded 1924 in magor in 1932 the banner has more than 3 million members at first people laughed at the parades the meetings full of incidents and brawl but it soon became clear that neither

The underlying ideology nor the wild determination of his Representatives had been correctly estimated the workers movement mobilized its forces increased the supporter's activity and created defenses in the form of the banner black red gold the iron front and special protective formations called Shu I was one of the younger driving forces and very committed to all of this Wilham matu Social Democrat kingburg there was only one way for us to save the Republic to unite with the left-wing parts of the democratic party and the center party and find a common approach due to the authoritarianism of

the state it would have been impossible for the Social Democratic party to establish a purely party political military organization for the protection of the Republic and the working class against Fascism Carl hman vice president ra Banner black red gold by the way you could buy a pistol a 7.65 caliber Factory new for a giveaway price a PCH was more or less expected any day the air was full of such rumors H vessel law student in Berlin and of course we gave ourselves military training but not in order to overthrow the state but to defend ourselves

police and fascist thugs kept attacking demonstrations and disrupting Meetings we had the Red Front fighter league and the red youth front in the evening we practiced Judo on the banks of the river Elba and learned how to move around in groups safely and unobtrusively at night we never sought or provoked brawls we just defended ourselves against raids and often got beaten up horse zinderman communist youth official Dresden before daylight Street processions press Promotions propaganda tours into the provinces created an atmosphere of activism and tension there were countless clashes and wounded people even dead people left

in the Square horse vessle [Music] autobiography in February 1930 one of the casualties will be the Berlin student host [Applause] vessel [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] the [Music] in parliamentary elections on May the 20th 1928 The Social Democrat SPD and the Communist KPD win 40% of the votes at the expense of the Nationalist parties the nsdap earns only 2.6% of the Votes and 12 seats in 1930 the nsdap bought new premises the brown house near kunix plats the money for the purchase is donated to the nsdap by industrialist Fritz Tuson Hitler will have Tuson arrested

and jailed at the end of 1940 for his study Hitler had a large Corner Room on the first floor which I can Barely remember because I seldom saw him [Music] there not even the large fredericus Rex painting on the wall could persuade him to keep regular working hours or treat appointments as binding an [Music] hangle despite the lack of political success the party stages spectacular rallies first in Munich and Vima then from 1927 onwards exclusively In nurburg Diary nurburg August the 4th 1929 a stampede of people that exceeds our wildest hopes outside the drums are

already booming torch light possessions endlessly long Yosef Gerbes nsdap leader of [Applause] Berlin the party conventions are without question Hitler's personal work just as he was involved in building the sa from The smallest details of the uniforms to the color of the collar Patches he concerned himself with the planning of the party conventions right down to the decorations of in the Congress [Music] Hall Albert crabes nsdap leader Hamburg through the city a triumphant procession everyone cheering and throwing flowers March past almost 4 hours a sea of joy and flowers Yosef Gers [Music] [Applause] [Music] the

continuing fragmentation of the party landscape is advantageous for the rise of the nsdap in elections they win more and more support from the Splinter and protest parties [Music] [Applause] October 1929 angry Autumn after a beautiful summer rain and calm weather and something suffocating in the air and it wasn't the weather for the first time on the street manure Brown uniforms Sebastian Hafner journalist memoirs the SPD had won the Parliamentary elections of 1928 and since then led a coalition Government with the middleclass parties this falls apart over domestic policies one year after the death of the

liberal foreign minister stran the fall of the SPD Chancellor Herman Miller and the appointment of the central parties Heinrich Bruning are the first step towards the abandonment of the viar Republic by the founding parties National socialists were now sitting in Parliament the rise of the party could No longer be overlooked Ern Nikish National bolshevist Hitler opponent in foreign policy Hitler promised to free the country from the injustices of the Versa treaty domestic Bally he promised to eliminate unemployment and political squabbling hin garan Colonel of the German Army in 1930 Chancellor Bruning convinces president V hintonburg

to Dissolve parliament and call for new elections 24 months early Bruning is determined to govern with the help of the president if necessary without a majority by Presidential decree following the example of Italy at the end of the 1920s movements which are called fascist are gaining strength all over Europe in some Eastern European States dictatorial governments rely on the support of such factions a union of fascists is also Established in the UK a party demonstration in Manchester in 193 [Music] 34 with other labor members let to our great program to help the unemployed in 1930

unemployment had increased to 3,760 and the national socialists then increased their MPS to 108 with a vote of 18% Less Than 3 years later the National Socialist Party came to power unemployment had risen to 6,1 14,000 sir Oswald Mosley born 1896 founder British Union of [Applause] fascists diary September the 15th 1930 the first election results fantastic the Bourgeois parties are smashed up to now we have 103 seats a 10-fold increase yoseph GBL the day after the election the composition and climate of politics in Germany have changed fundamentally the nsdap has risen from a Bavarian Political

sect to become the second biggest Party fundamentally opposed to the Democracy of the viar Republic the social Democrats suffer only minor losses mostly to the Communists Catholic voters link up effectively with the Catholic Center party they lose only a few votes after the Lost election you sensed for the first time strong displeasure with a party leadership from within the Social Democratic ranks a deep-seated Disillusionment with the big wigs came over the Social Democratic [Music] organization Julius laor SPD member of the RAR the Electoral gains of the nsdap are greatest in the predominantly Protestant regions of

rural Northern and Eastern Germany some 3/4 of the voters are Protestant the middle class is over represented with 40% yet the nsdap is not a purely middle Class party the Hitler movement as the party is called by friend and foe finds favor among all sectors of society including industrial workers I went to a Nazi rally it was held in a beer hall some drank beer the others sat in front of Empty Tables there were a lot of workers there that hurt terribly Ilia irin Russian Jewish author nothing succeeds like success as they Say in English

Stefan Heim student in [Applause] [Music] Berlin diary November the 12th 1930 R arrives from Bolivia where he was active in the Army he's very nice to me and I like him a lot an open straight Soldier type Yosef gers the years from 1931 to 1935 apart from my anxiety on public Affairs were personally very pleasant to me I earned my livelihood I meditated constantly upon the European situation and the rearming of Germany Winston Churchill the Second World War New Year's order December the 31st 1931 the army of brown shirts has multiplied numerous times the movement

has suffered a great deal of blood sacrifice comrades at the beginning of This year I thank you for everything that you accomplished over the past year through dedicated work and self-sacrificing battles you can enter the new year with joyful confidence proud of what you achiev in the year 1931 Adolf Hitler Hitler sent a really good New Year's message to the Nazis the world will sit up and take notice the Communists will have to watch out Henrietta Schneider Diary speech to the industrial Club of dorf January the 26th 1932 summary I see two principles ruggedly opposed

to each other the principle of democracy which is the principle of Destruction wherever it is practiced and the principle of the authority of the personality that I would describe as the principle of achievement Adolf Hitler the upper class is getting closer to Hitler my grandfather had the right saying for these turn coats you spit in their eyes and they ask you if it's raining Bella from German Jewish journalist diary Diary Tuesday February the 23rd 1932 after coffee fralis appeared with the news that Hitler is standing for the German presidential elections Henrietta Schneider after an internal

party discussion in Munich on February thei Adolf Hitler decides to run in the first round of voting in the German presidential elections of March 1932 one problem with his candidacy is that Hitler is not a citizen of the German Reich which doesn't Award citizenships of its own until 1934 Whoever has or gains citizenship of one of the 24 German states is a citizen of the Reich thus Thomas man for instance has citizenship of the free htic city of Lubec and a corresponding passport by law Hitler was stateless because bureaucratic chicanery on the one hand and

personal negligence on the other had repeatedly delayed his proper naturalization now however settling this question was merely a formality once it had become possible for the Brunswick provincial government made up of Nazis and German Nationals to arrange automatic German citizenship for him at any time by means of a pro- former Appointment to some position in the Civil Service an Tanger head of the nsdap Foreign Press Bureau in the states of the German right a civil servant automatically becomes a citizen and thus a German National this also happened to the Swiss Albert Einstein against his will

who had become a Prussian official in 1917 Hitler was entrusted with doing the job of a clerk for economic Affairs of The state of Brunswick at the Brunswick Embassy in Berlin an office he never held it is thus all the more surprising that Adolf Hitler nevertheless re-registered His official place of a boat is Brunswick after all for 1 and A2 years Adolf Hitler appeared in the official list of inhabitants of Brunswick and deregistered on September the 16th 1933 as rice Chancellor Berlin vham [Music] Sha Hartman laacher provincial leader of the Hitler Youth South Handover Brunswick

Berlin this 26th day of February 1932 at the Brunswick Embassy today Adolf Hitler appeared before me who according to the decree of the chairman of the Brunswick State Ministry and the Brunswick minister of finance of February the 25th 1932 is now present as a senior civil servant employed by the state of Brunswick after being informed of the Requirements he took the mandatory oath of service I swear loyalty to the Constitution of the right and the state obedience to the laws and conscientious fulfillment of my duties Adolf Hitler read aloud and signed Adolf Hitler senior civil

servant letter to the Embassy of bik in Berlin February the 28th 1932 reference leave I hereby request You to grant me leave until the end of the presidential election campaign respectful yours edol [Applause] fitler when I landed in Munich on a day in March I was told here Hitler has rung from the brown house he's planning to fly to various cities in the and he wants to rent a plane you have been recommended to him during the election campaign he wanted to travel by plane and visit up to five Cities in one evening Hitler told

me that frankly he had little confidence in flying he saw the flight as a necessary evil and so it was that in 1932 three major election flights were made ANS Bauer Lan a pilot I flew the powerful of the [Music] world diary Berlin February the 16th 1932 what what a strange country in which the presidency must be decided between tailman Hitler or Hintonburg tanim art collector and author Hindenberg was meant to serve as a shield against Hitler's rise that was also the reason why the social Democrats supported his reelection in [Music] 1932 Paul lber Social

Democrat president of the rice [Music] St again it was the politics of Toleration when the SPD asked its voters to vote for Hindenburg and how Faithfully they [Applause] followed goom man Memoirs and thoughts diary Monday February the 29th 1932 who will win Henrietta Schneider election campaign flight April 1932 soon Hitler had sunk into morose apathy he just sat there staring gloomily out of the window wads of cotton in his ears a complete contrast to the gladhand Extrovert Mana Temple HF SE and Delma British correspondent of the Daily Express in Berlin we must have visited each

of the major cities once if not several times and afterwards it was always claimed that Hitler was the first German politician to come to power who knew the country inside and out an Hamer as the door of the aircraft was flung Open Hitler ducked out and immediately threw himself into his fura pose there he stood bareheaded upright and unsmiling his hand raised in greeting seon Delma it was always the same routine he gave his presentation had his bags packed and on to the next city Ern [Music] [Applause] Hangle he gave four or five speeches a

day and flew from one rally to another it was one of the few times that I heard him speak in public we were led up to the podium we tried hard to stay awake until the Furious plane arrived late minutes later he began his speech he was horar and his jarring voice was emotionally charged and swept over the audience like a storm that takes one's breath away and leaves people [Applause] Excited fredelin [Applause] Vagner diary viar April the 10th 1932 Sunday second round of voting in German presidential election Hindenberg finally elected over Hitler Harry graph

kler publicist and Diplomat when the victory of a tired scile not overly bright old Soldier like Hindenburg over an obnoxious hysterical social climber is the best that we can get it's good night Germany Vicky Bal writer letter April the 20th 193 32 My Dear Mr Hitler for your birthday we are sending you our best wishes from our warm children's Hearts when we told our parents that it was a Pity we couldn't do anything for you because we're only 10 and 5 years old our parents said you can pray for Adolf Hitler every day and we'll

be doing that every [Applause] Evening our prayer will be as follows oh God may your blessing accompany Adolf Hitler wherever he goes give him the strength to free the Fatherland see him with a strong good hand your faithful little Nazis Leonora and Ahad L [Music] Hamburg I myself have no Instinct for the character expressed in faces for a long time I have had a not very pleasant yet not strongly unpleasant impression Of Hitler in photographs ludvic Kido German Nobel Peace Prize laurate [Music] 1927 Berlin November the 8th 1931 nothing smells more penetratingly than the nationally

scented peti boura everything is falling apart where are we heading T danheim more than the Nazis the Communists hate the social Democrats Whom they defame as social fascists with what they call a leninist strategy they want to make the viar Republic ungovernable and create conditions for a revolution through the collapse of the capitalist system diary May the 31st 1932 lter is coming on Sunday she's planning a trip with Carl to westerland yesterday Bruning resigned now What Henrietta Schneider oh open letter to Theodor liad German Trade union Confederation an tailman Communist Party of Germany otovel Social

Democratic party of Germany we the undersigned observe the development of political events with the impression that we are approaching a dreadful threat of fasis in our view this danger can be eliminated by the merger of the two Major workers parties in the election campaign the responsibility lies with the leaders only the obvious desire of the workers to stand together should be decisive Albert Einstein Hinrich man ker [Music] Kitz the hero of tannenburg the hero of the German Republic had a dull Spirit our grumpy Field Marshal with his robust conscience with truly Germanic blind loyalty he

betrayed the highest Chancellor to whom he owed his power Bruning was fired his successor the comparatively liberal General fona was soon the target of wild Intrigue Claus man son of Kya and Thomas man in June 1932 France Fon papen on behalf of R president V hintonburg forms a right-wing conservative cabinet which is without a majority in Parliament the new Chancellor hopes for the support of Hitler and according to Hitler's demand asks the Reich president to call new parliamentary elections on July the 31st for far too long we had been content with laughing and joking about

the house painter Hitler KL TM German Austrian dramatist diary Sunday July the 31st 1932 the hatred of the parties is awful at 10:00 the elections begin without vilim he is plagued with neuralgia henria Schneider the Triumph of the national Socialists in the July elections of 1932 is a pic Victory or although all forms of propaganda have been exhausted leaving the party deeply in debt they have barely increased their vote over the elections of the spring in a large portion of the remote Villages Hitler had the absolute majority in the Parliamentary elections in July often even

2third of the votes how does one account for their success the Nazis came into the villages ranted And raved and promised them the Moon Maria Lightner German speaking Hungarian journalist and communist diary August the 1st 1932 election results we have gained a little ground Marxism has gained a great deal now we have to seize power and wipe out Marxism either way Hitler is also of this opinion we won't get an absolute majority this way YF Geres Hitler rejects Chancellor Fon Parton's offer to serve as Vice Chancellor in his government and demands the office of Chancellor

itself president Von Hindenburg refuses to Grant Hitler governmental power and warns that all acts of Terror will be dealt with severely as almost all the major parties in the rag want to bring down fun Parton's government raich president V hintonburg Dissolves the newly elected parliament in September and calls new elections on November the 6th 1932 diary Wednesday September the 21st 1932 I'm following political developments in a state of pleasant titillation and yet numbness I literally have no sympathy for any of those now wrestling with each other Victor cler professor of romance studies D diary Friday

October the 21st 1932 LTE announced that she had seen Adolf and that she really liked him laori also heard him but didn't see him well she couldn't afford an expensive five Mark seat Henrietta Schneider as my wife and I had voted for the German national party in July 1932 after some hesitation we voted for Hitler in the elections of November the 6th the same year so we too succumbed to the fallacy that a government take over By the nsdap would stabilize political and economic conditions Alexander count of D aslo bitt East Russian land owner diary

November the 6th 1932 complied with compulsory voting but still Social Democrat election results on the radio the Nazis have lost the KPD have gained Claus Ryder in the German elections of November 1932 the nsdap won 11.75 million votes the SPD 7.25 million and The KPD some 6 million so together both workers parties were a lot stronger than the Nazis manisa Austrian writer and KPD member at the time in the state elections in Thia in December the nsdap even loses 40% of its votes many unemployed people turned their backs on the Nazis they now put their

hopes in the Communists and the German Nationals many leftists believed that Hitler would never recover from this setback and had ceased to be a menace Christopher ishwor British American writer despite knowing better left-wing intellectuals continued to enjoy their feeling of steady advancement their poems and songs their satirical and political plays and Cabaret pieces their articles their books and polemics all of this resonated so strongly that for them It was as if they were standing at the loom of time malice spba Hitler doesn't win the election after achieving a majority but despite losing votes in the

Parliamentary elections of November he needs the support of reactionary allies in high places they believe that with Hitler's help they can eliminate the Communists and social Democrats these forces succeed in a few short weeks in bringing the German president around who thanks to the Constitution is very powerful snow was already falling heavily and the shop windows were festively decorated it was hard to get through the crowds thronging the sumptuously bck department stores the new general Chancellor did not dissolve the rear at all so thank God there were no new elections the people were allowed To

celebrate Christmas and New Year's Eve in peace there was knee high snow in the streets and the rush of the hungry unemployed to do the work of removing the snow was so strong that there weren't enough shovels to go round Oscar Maria graph writer from My Life Social Elites convince Reich president Hindenberg to appoint Hitler Reich Chancellor as they anticipate using the Nazis to get rid of the Communists they also believe that they Can control Hitler as he needs the conservative parties to form a coalition but through a combination of lies and undisguised aggression Hitler

first gets rid of his political opponents and then those who brought him to power but to obtain sole power Hitler still has to eliminate those leaders within the nsdap itself who could pose a danger to him at that time the most powerful person in the party besides Hitler is an strum leader of the 4 million man sa what will Hitler [Music] do January the 1st 1933 Hitler was in a good mood that evening and talkative like in the old days before he left he added to his entry in the guest book on the first day

of the new year then he looked at me and said with suppressed excitement this year belongs to us Hanger head of the nsdap Foreign Press Bureau the party had over sh its peak and was immensely in debt according to aasa it was some 11 million marks Theodor dber leader of the stal helm soldiers Association after Hindenberg had decided against Chancellor Bruning the president turned his attention to the forces of the great agrarian heavy industry Coalition that operated with Hitler Against Bruning his natural allies he took their view of Hitler the Reconstruction and further expansion of

the great agrarian and heavy industry positions of power was to be taken forward but the power was not to be transferred to the national [Music] socialism Ernst Nikish journalist National bolshevist diary Monday January the 30th 1933 Elsa came back from school with the Cry h Hitler then we knew Hitler had become German Chancellor at last Henrietta Schneider houskeeper East [Music] Prussia on January the 30th 1933 Hindenberg appointed Hitler Chancellor mner hindenburg's Secretary of State and Pon his confidential adviser persuaded the old man that the crowning Glory of his life work would be a unified well-ordered

Reich with military Strength he believed them Eric cooch vaser liberal German politician in Exile in Brazilia letter of appointment in the name of the re I I appoint here Adolf Hitler to be German Chancellor Berlin January the 3th 1933 president F hinden boy letter to Pal Von Hindenburg when the history of the German people is finally written then the end of the Reich presidency will be Described as The Darkest Day in German history Eric ludendorf Major General I am 19 have a little daughter and I'm lying in a clinic in Munich suddenly I hear music

singing shouting a distant disturbing noise from the streets the night nurse comes and turns on the blue light sister Maria what's going on outside Maria answers that nice Mr Hitler who visited you has become Chancellor we put his roses very close to the majana in the baptistry Mother Superior prays for him we all pray for him for him and for [Music] Germany Henrietta ferak wife of balar [Music] ferak diary Cho Day January 31st 1933 in Berlin there was a lot of cheering during during the night the crowd moved past Hindenburg for 3 and a half

hours a huge torch light Procession Henrietta Schneider this Dr Gerbes is a wizard Hitler said to me where did he get so many torches in such a short time Hinrich Hoffman photographer a fragment of film developed with with an early AGA Color Film process it shows thousands of extras recreating the torch light procession through the Brandenburg gate it's supposed to remind viewers of January the 30th 1933 Hitler doesn't seize power nor is it transferred to him Hitler obtains sole power through lies and continued broken promises to other parties he swears to uphold the viar Constitution

and to comply with the Articles he deceives the mighty German president the elites who are now collaborating with him the voters and the world Community our fanatical belief in Victory had to wear down our opponents over time we marched triumphantly Through the Brandenburg gate and will one day go down in history as the pioneers and Heralds of a new better era Gustav hch Berlin sa man that the Nazis are enemies for everything dear to me I was not for a moment mist mistaken about that where I was completely mistaken was how terrible an enemy they

would become Sebastian huffner journalist Memoirs radio address February the 1st 1933 now German Nation give us 4 years Then you can judge and sentence us Adolf Hitler R Chancellor diary Friday February the 3rd 1933 Red Terror is everywhere you can't get used to Hitler Henrietta Schneider the majority of his ministers were members of the German national People's Party he utterly despised the party and was convinced that he would one day be able to rid himself of them To be able to carry this out he set one condition to which the German President also agreed he

wanted the power to order new elections and snakish the election campaign was horrible Hitler worked harder than before or at any time in the future he knew that he needed a majority in the new assembly once and for all the big speech in the sport palast on the radio was the high point of the Campaign it was ghastly goom man Memoirs and thoughts speech in the Berlin schwat Palace February the 10th 1933 I cannot divest myself of my faith in my people and stand firmly by the conviction that the hour will come at last when

the millions who curse us today will stand by us and with us will hail the new hard one and painfully acquired German nation that we have created together the new German re of Greatness and power and glory and Justice [Music] amen Adolf Hitler re Chancellor diary Wednesday March the 1st 1933 it was announced on the radio yesterday that the RAR building was on fire a Dutch communist has confessed Henrietta [Music] Schneider at first I didn't think that it was the Communists either but later When I met the men who must have known I never managed

to find out who was really behind this Fritz vman War comrade later agitant to Adolf Hitler Ed please I had decided to finish my last film The Burning secret from a book by Stefan swag and then go to France the premiere of the film had The Misfortune of being on the same day as the hear fire everyone in Berlin was Laughing about this coincidence I had to leave because the sa was after me Robert seot German Jewish film [Music] director on Saturday March the 4th 1933 the furas aircraft roren lands at devor airport in kbur

Winter still has East pressure in its grip despite the bitter cold the sa have mustered for the reception the chancellor ad Hitler will give a speech in kigs bag today and is accompanied by a large Entourage Including a horn Solan Prince AUST vhem known as AI is the fourth eldest son of the exiled Emperor and an Ardent Hitler supporter Hitler's speech is broadcast on all stations this coming Sunday is the rice tag [Music] election the rag elections of March the 5th are the last more or less free elections in the German Reich on the Streets

dissidents are terrorized by the sa diary leish March the 5th 1933 in the evening with father to aab Bak Kella restaurant to hear the election results the national socialists are still far from an absolute majority together with the traitors of the black white red party Alliance at 51.8% they have a slight majority erish iberer writer the terror that was felt Everywhere interfered of course with free elections but it influenced the results only slightly Manis sparber member of the Communist Party KPD in the elections the nsdap profits from the high turnout of 88.8% gaining 43.9% it

has to form a coalition with the German national People's Party the additional votes come mostly from former non-voters the nsdap also profits where It is already strong among young Protestant voters farmers and Farm Workers the self-employed civil servants and the lower middle class in the industrial segment where the workers are often organized in unions there is again no decisive breakthrough for the nsdap but on March the 5th 1933 probably onethird of the workers vote for the Nazis diary March the 6th 1933 Monday the Nazis and the national People's Party do not have the 2/3 majority

necessary to change the Constitution graph Kesler publicist and Diplomat but the majority of Germans don't want a parliamentary democracy either the Democratic parties remain clearly in the minority because 12.3% of the voters cast their votes for the Communists the political parties including the social Democrats and the unions haven't shown any overwhelming Evidence of prudence and C courage in recent weeks bar lber Social Democrat vice president of the German Parliament diary March the 10th 1933 every day the newspapers have new reports on Hitler's rise to power the higher up civil servants are losing their cushy positions

much to our Delight Germany is being swept clean the the Communists will soon have disappeared from sight that is Hitler's Goal henria Schneider after the elections the weather suddenly turned mild the Porter's wife called it Hitler weather the street itself like all others was hung with black white and red swastika Flags it was unwise not to display them Christopher isard British writer March the 12th 1933 press dispatch the office of the Rak sent the newly elected members an invitation to The opening session according to a directive the Communist members of the assembly were not sent

an invitation fosa taong newspaper diary Tuesday March the 21st 1933 around 12 on the radio we heard the celebrations for the opening of the iar in the Garrison Church in Potsdam you have to say they really know how to do Pomp and Propaganda car Vin schi retired [Applause] pastor company followed company the city of potam stood like an iron Fortress in Army Gray from the Old Market to the Garrison church across from us were the sa the SS and the stalh hel the league of front Soldiers the r government walked with measured steps past the

guard of honor to the Garrison Church Chancellor Adolf Hitler led the way followed by Vice Chancellor from poppen after the president had passed the honor guard the government and the new parliamentarians with the exception of the Communists and social Democrats entered the Garrison Church vilhelm an beet Grenadier first class report in Munich we listen to events on the radio pot A welld disguised fraud with the aim of doing the conservatives a favor with no basis in reality Hitler in frock coat and Top Hat mild as never before or since the voice of Hindenburg dull as

if from the grave the Prussian sense of Duty means patriotism and the fear of God and a clear majority in Parliament once again strictly in the spirit of the Constitution on which he took his oath it was his last speech of sign significance and without knowing it his Abdication now he was no longer needed gooman student diary March the 25th 1933 the rice tag session the day before yesterday must have been terrible the representatives had to walk through a regiment of sa people flanking the path to the chamber a most unpleasant Gauntlet Bella from German

Jewish journalist two days later I was sitting in the crawl opera house not as a Reich tag Deputy I was an observer and on March the 23rd 1933 I witnessed the Reich tag session in which the enabling Act was passed by 44 votes to 94 Ur axman member of the leadership of the Hitler [Applause] Youth the debate in the rag should have begun with a sharply worded protest against this blatant breach of the Constitution through which more than 80 fully legitimate communist m members of the r tag were Excluded all parties remained silent including the

social Democrats who accepted this constitutional breach the social Democrats did at least reject the enabling act in contrast to the center party the Bavarian people's party and the state party ludvic Kidder German Nobel Peace Prize Laurette 1927 with the so-called enabling act Hitler demands extraordinary powers for himself and his government thus Paving The way for a dictatorship Otto vela's speech was a masterpiece of style and content a final farewell to the faded era of [Music] humanity wihelm herner SPD Member of Parliament memoirs the social Democrats were the only members to vote against the enabling act

but despite my conviction that the social Democrats had failed I was not Unimpressed by V's speech axman article one of the ACT describes the transfer of legislative powers from Parliament to the cabinet the legislative and executive branches become one Parliament has virtually abolished [Music] itself [Music] for he overrode the Constitution with The Constitution and thus won the fight for unlimited power in the first and decisive round linek Finance [Music] Minister the present State of Affairs in Germany causes me to resign my position in the Prussian Academy of Sciences I know how deeply I'm indebted to

it the dependency of my position on the Prussian government is intolerable Under the present circumstances with respect Albert Einstein 10 months later he was in Exile his property seized by Hitler's new regime Germany's lost America's [Music] game report of statement by Herman guring to members of the Foreign Press on March the 25th 1933 there was no one in Germany who had had even a fingernail cut Off he didn't deny that several thousand communist functionaries had been arrested but they were treated exactly the same as other prisoners there had also been cases where Jews had had

been arrested and beaten the minister explained the government and I will never tolerate that someone is persecuted just because he is Jewish newspaper March the 26th 1933 diary March the 31st 1933 on the radio guring has announced the boycott of the Jews it is scheduled for tomorrow Bella from at each entrance stood two or three uniformed sa soldiers who weren't aggressive but merely reminded those shopping that this was a Jewish business Christopher ishwor diary leish April the 1st [Music] 1933 When entering the store the sa man says in a polite disciplined tone Jewish business we

just as polite and disciplined thank you we know Eric abrar author diary VAV Saturday April the 1st 1933 in all Jewish shops one sees the windows painted with white letters about 50 to 80 cm High Jew glued next to them or in the process of being stuck on are little red slips Of paper Germans do not buy from Jews valta TSK German of Jewish descent murdered 1940 a certain murmur of disapproval suppressed but audible ran through the country the Nazis realized that the step they had just taken was too large and after April the 1st

they canel some of the measures but not without first allowing their full force to be felt Sebastian Hoffner author Memoirs not January the 30th the day of The seizure of power not the day of the Gathering in potam March the 23rd 1933 but April the 1st of this year is the great turning point it was the clear unmistakable demonstration that the rule of law was over the rule of law was replaced by naked tyranny Paul ronger lawyer King [Applause] back diary April the 1st [Music] 1933 difficult times Adolf Hitler will Master them may he succeed

Henrietta Schneider elk East Prussia a nationwide campaign is directed at the non-german spirit that is to say Jews and other supposedly H stle elements on May the 10th 1933 undesirable books are publicly burnt on Berlin's open plats opposite the fredrich vham University Minister Dr G among the authors whose works are thrown onto a large p by Berlin students are the German Jews Theodor Wulf and Emy Ludwick but also the atheists KL marks and K koutsky along with Sigman Freud and Irish Maria Remar kot toski KL fosi and Eric [Music] Kesner in 1933 my books were

burnt with somber solemn pomp by a certain Mr Gobles in Berlin he triumphantly called out the names of 24 German writers who were to be symbolically eliminated forever I was the only one of the 24 who had come in person to witness this theatrical impudence I stood in front of the University wedged in among students in sa uniform the pride of the nation watching our books fly into the Twitching flames and listening to the cunning Little Liars schaly tirades Eric Kesner author it is a strange thought that the essence of a single man can redirect

and convert an entire Society like a magnet directed at a pile of pieces of metal Karen bixen Danish writer anyone who did not fight against the Hitler State effectively served it Esther Countess of Shirin East prean landowner I as a coward and endowed with An excruciating imagination kept my mouth shut Marie Louisa kasnitz writer [Music] notes people cling to life you could certainly go along with it but you could also keep a low profile and become [Music] invisible order schaer writer letter from prison June the 7th 1933 you know that imprisonment doesn't depress me at

all what could I really do outside at the moment shrug off the sad looks of the workers with a humiliated heart and sagging shoulders and tell them that I cannot change it either it's better to be outwardly unfree and inwardly face the future with a proud Soul Julius Leber SBD member of the rear the first improvised concentration camps are run by the sa and are then Taken over by him's SS thus creating the SS State there were concentration camps in Germany at the time including one in oranburg it's true that Herman guring set up the

first when he was head of the Prussian police they weren't intended for Jews however but for the Communist enemies of the state Emy guring NE Zaman actress when himler requested that I Join the active SS the guard troops of a concentration camp I had not thought about concentration camps the term was too strange for me I no concept of what it was Rudolph H member of the SS people abroad often ignored the fact that concentration camps had first been set up for Germans opposed to the Nazis many thousands of whom died there before any foreign

countries were occupied V Brandt German Norwegian Refugee in Exile in Sweden national socialism is nothing new just the faithful old supportive Noble German Manor which has been buried for years and has been brought back to life by our fura Maria Engelhart nsdap member duborg that's why I want to pray to God on my knees every day that Hitler who we need so much today stays healthy for many years BHM Meer nsdap member Kaiser [Music] slon sooner or later that was our firm will the party political state was to be destroyed a nation ruled by 35

parties had the one day collapse as a result of the friction between the interest groups aad UL nsdap member tilet East Prussia diary June the 25th 1933 the stal helm organization is subordinated to the nsdap the German National Party office is occupied the German nationalist Combat groups and numerous associations have been dissolved the Christian workers trade unions have been called enemies of the state and dissolved as State commissioner has been appointed for the Protestant Church a number of leading social Democrats have been placed in protective custody among them former Reich stack president [Applause] lber Court

F Rosenberg German Jewish lawyer [Music] Hamburg on June the 22nd 1933 the nsdap Reich interior Minister vilhelm Frick declares the Social Democratic party a subversive party and an enemy of the people which results in its dissolution with the arrest of 2,000 officials by the Bavarian political police led by himler the end of June sees the demise of the Catholic Bavarian people's party which is dissolved on July the 4th one day later the center Party the last remaining political party besides the nsdap is banned on June the 14th 1933 the law against the formation of new

parties and ensures that the nsdap remains the only authorized political party in Germany diary Paris July the 6 1933 Thursday to guard alest from where counts kaiserling left for Germany her husband Herman spoke very interestingly about the Nazis and Hitler Hitler whom he studied carefully is Somebody who seeks death and thus embodies a fundamental characteristic of the German people Harry graph Kesler pageant in schwelm in May 1939 the Germans are still daring enough to put on a parody of the fura as long as the jokes were good he once said that meant that the man

was still popular vilhm kower personal assistant to Hitler he had such a natural sense of humor and was full of genuine happiness and warmth in those years Emmy guring as an artist I was able to get to know him privately good natured with a sense of fun receptive to harmless jokes from others himself humorous and with a lot of self-irony Albert the cranberg protocol anyone who says afterwards that Hitler had no sense of humor simply Didn't know him Hitler had wit and a sense of humor and could laugh out loud Hartman laacher provincial nsdap [Applause]

leader Hitler's laughter always had a touch of scorn and sarcasm it revealed traces of past disappointments and suppressed Ambitions poell Otto Schmidt interpreter for Adolf Hitler during the party convention I had seen him laugh heartily at least a dozen times he would throw back his head so that a lock of hair fell over his left temple down over his eye still laughing he would shake it out of his face with a jerk of his head or he would push it back with his hand William Shyer us newspaper correspondent to Berlin diary Wednesday August the 30th

1933 in the evening I listened to Hitler's magnificent perception nurenberg speeches fanfares singing all broadcast perfectly how must the simple musketeer of the world war feel now he remains The Simple Man of the people Henryetta Schneider the first Nazi rally film victory of faith is produced by the director leny reeny on just a small budget when I watched the film at the cinema I was anything but happy what was Happening on the screen for me was just an incomplete Patchwork not a film but it seemed to pleased the audience perhaps because it was more interesting

than the usual news reels I certainly did not watch it a second time Hitler and the party bigwigs were also thrilled by this film that only runs for an hour Lenny reeny director and actress what was new in Nazi Germany was That Hitler's fascism used all the possible forms of a reign of terror and human liquidation with utter ruthlessness increasing technical Perfection and German [Music] thoroughness for the first time the politically uniform mass media of a whole country including the New Media Radio and sound film were unashamedly used to serve a murderous anti-communist Witch Hunt

erish Haner Communist Party official in the zarand from my life whether the Germans are a mystical people is debatable either way you can't deny that they are currently undergoing a phase of messianism besides there is also a kind of cultish tendency towards symbolism undoubtedly a rather degenerate form of mysticism Flags badges uniforms dueling scars fura Vagner swastika golden braids all of these are Symbols Antony gra sansky polish writer and [Applause] essayist campaigning in a workingclass district in Hamburg Alona the nsdap are called ing the workers in particular on November the 12th 1933 Hitler calls new

elections for the rist tag only candidates from one single list are admitted which is advertised with a slogan with Hitler against the armaments madness the new rag has 661 members and No women or Jews only 22 members are not from the nsdap up until 1934 the Communist and Social Democratic parties were still a power on November the 12th 1933 on just one street rhes arrasa and Dortmund 2,000 voted no Hitler had linked this rag election with a referendum on the withdrawal from the League of Nations anyone who came to the polling stations received a yes

pin which was intended to exert psychological pressure on the Voters nevertheless more than 2 million Germans didn't take part in the election and over 3 million voted no arish [Music] huker the bestselling books in Germany at the time of national socialism were fifth place Alfred Rosenberg the myth of the 20th century an assessment of the spiritual and intellectual confrontation of our time 335,000 copies fourth place Philip Bo the fight For Germany a reader for German youth 950,000 copies third place the cigarette card album Germany awakens development struggle and victory of the nsdap 1,175 th000 copies

second place I'm still laughing about it soldiers tell funny stories 2,600,000 copies first place Adolf Hitler mine K 12,450 th000 [Music] Copies at the nurburg victory rally in early September 1933 sa Chief of Staff an is the most prominent party leader after Hitler and clearly his right-hand man in public room shows his loyalty to Hitler privately however he criticizes him severely for his policy on the German army thanks to his Instinct for power Hitler is willing to believe the rumors spread by opponents of the powerful head of the Sa that the leaders of the sa

with its 4 million members are planning a [Applause] coup perfect caesarism is dictatorship not dictatorship by a party but by one man who is against all parties especially his own every revolutionary movement achieves Victory with the Vanguard of petorian guards who are then no longer needed and are merely dangerous oswal spangla nationalist German historical philosopher during the first half of 1934 I had repeated meetings with Hitler regarding the financing of the sa R took regular part in the talks although the discussions between Hitler and room were carried out as between old conrades you could detect

tension in the backgroundin Minister of Finance diary Berlin June the 24th 1934 politically it stinks nobody knows why exactly a power struggle is Impending between the sa and the SS erish iberer when dietr eard died in 1923 just four men were left who addressed Hitler with the familiar du form Essa vber Striker and Rome Albert Memoirs the differences of opinion between Rome and Hitler especially concerning the issue of the German Army Escalade before the sa leadership Rome Finally calls for the German Army to be included in his command according to Hitler R was an anarchist

who wanted power at any price neither the ideals of the national socialists nor the thought of a new system of government determined his actions but only the desire to get control of the German Army Christ Shuda hitless private [Applause] secretary the so-called room Revolt the Night of the Long Knives was really an act by Geral and guring to get rid of uncomfortable accessories and dangerous Rivals T Phil vum Archbishop of the Evangelical Church in [Applause] venur Diary Sunday July the 1st 1934 Mutiny of the sa leaders in Munich with Rome at its head Hitler himself

helped arrest the gang and had them shot Henrietta Schneider bit by bit the news of what Was happening trickled through until late that evening a full official account was issued anr said the communic and some of his fellow storm troop leaders had been caught plotting a PCH to seize power Hitler and ging had uncovered the plot and crushed it SE and Delma Cor respondent of the Daily Express in Berlin the violence of the night of the Long Knives is carried out by the SS on orders from Hitler and guring the Leftenant general of the SS

Zep ditr receives weapons from the German Army for his bodyguard unit leandata SS Adolf Hitler to carry out a secret and very important assignment for the fura June the 30th 1934 prison Munich stadheim there were terrible hours Once I arrived in the office Zep dri and Prince valdeck came into my room in SS uniform and said they had orders to shoot the essay leadership at once the fura had sent him a list of 110 sa Leaders who were suspects I said this was absolutely out of the question di called hes and reported my refusal to

him then he gave me the phone and said the fura wants to talk to you you refuse to obey my order I will at these boys with rods and sticks suddenly Hess came on the phone I pointed out to hes that most of the essay leaders did not give the impression of having been hauled away from an armed PCH attempt the firing squads informed me that it was Already dark and that would make it very difficult to shoot I sat and waited and smoked finally the phone rang hes told me the main culprits are to

be shot then I asked him which ones I had the list in my hand and heard him say 19 names R was not on the list Hans Funk Bavarian Minister of Justice on July the 2nd Hitler announces the official end of The Purge in which between 150 and 200 people were shot room was one of the last victims he Was shot on July the 2nd 1934 Hans [Music] Frank diary July the 13th 1934 in the evening a major speech by Hitler to Germany and foreign countries he justified his actions of June the 30th against the

traitors we are proud of our furer may God preserve [Music] him Henrietta Schneider Mutiny is broken by means of the same inviable principles if someone accuses me of not having brought in the ordinary Courts for judgment I can only say at this hour I was responsible for the fate of the German Nation and thus the German people's Supreme [Music] judge to crush the alleged Revolt by Rome Adolf Hitler uses the services of the SS whose leaders have already brought the police almost entirely under their command the SS which was formerly still affiliated with the sa

is rewarded for its murderous service on July the 20th 1934 Hitler decrees in view of the Great Services of the SS particularly in connection with the occurrences of June the 30th 1934 are hereby promote them to a self-contained organization within the Nsdap Adolf Hitler with that Hitler has forged the decisive weapon of his State the sa becomes a kind of folklore club for the nsdap Hitler swore that only 77 people had been executed it had been unavoidable that some were shot by accident like a certain vill Schmidt in Munich for example the SS were in

a hurry to shoot the first vly Schmid they could find without Court Proceedings you have to consider how many vly schmits there were in Munich fredland Vagner at boarding school