Ancient Egypt's DARKEST History, Moses & Alexander the Great | Luke Caverns • 272

[Music] all right so we're about 30% into the timeline of Egypt based on the last podcast we finished and this has been mesmerizing by the way so far going through all this like your scope of this history is amazing and it's far beyond where it was like 14 15 months ago when we talked so are we at the Great Pyramid is is that pretty much where we are we yeah so you know it took a long time to Get for us on the last episode to get through all the prefaces you need you need a

lot of foundation when you're when you're heading into Egypt so that you know you know you have you have uh you have some Foundation to build up off of so you kind of know the background um of what we're about to get into and uh I appreciate you saying that about about U you know me coming a long way in in Egypt you know that was this was my first love and and I was into this for Years before I started my degree and before you know a couple years after I finished it it was

so deep in Latin America and you know when I came on your pod uh and Danny's pod I realized you know again and it was obvious how much people how much other people love this and it sparked this in me again so I just dive back in as we said on the last pod you went there been going through and going there just helps so much so it's taken a it took a little bit for Us to establish the foundation establish where Egypt exists why it exists how long it took Egypt to form why the

Nile is so important why the Nile made Egypt made the Egyptians Rich to be able to achieve these things although the means by which a lot of these accomplishments happen um are still not quite understood um you know how they move some of these huge Stones how they move these megaliths uh how they carve such hard Stone in such incredible detail with Such high amounts of Polish you know a lot of these details are lost to history and probably because the Egyptians never wanted anybody to know about them uh one thing I should also say

is is as we continue you know one question is well how did the Egyptians build the pyramids when they never wrote down how they did anything well the Egyptians never wrote down how they did anything or how how they how they built things people say the Egyptian why did the Egyptians never Write down how they built the pyramids well the Egyptians never wrote down how they built anything at all they never even with dude there's been 100 sorry cut that no you're good we don't cut anything um so there's been over 100,000 mummies found throughout

the course of egyptology not one time in any Temple ever did the Egyptians ever even show us how they mummified somebody or the embalming process they never did That it we have completely tried to re-engineer that's why the that documentary we're talking about last episode in uh you know the mid 90s they they mummified a person in modern day history to try to re-engineer how that would have happened so the Egyptians never recorded how they did these things and it's probably it's probably on purpose you know um these monuments and the things that make Egypt

special they make Egypt special they elevate Egypt Above the other civilizations on Egypt's peripheral this isn't this isn't public knowledge you know it's kind of like why we don't why our government doesn't publ how we build a nuclear bomb you know or things like that maybe they do that I don't think they do but I don't know but I'm just saying you know these are these are National Secrets Trade Secrets right it's what elevates Egypt above the rest of the world so they don't publish that and they don't publish how they mummify People so anyways

we have now gone through the early Pam midle age we've gone through you know uh Neolithic Egypt prehistoric Egypt we've gone through pre Astic Egypt from 35 you know 4,000 BC to 3100 we now have the unification and we've gone from there to the beginning of the early pyramid age and we've gone through why tombs exist which is so important um it's so important for approaching the rest of Egypt and so all that's pretty dense and it takes a Little while so now we are at the precipice of Egyptian civilization in many people's minds there's

there's probably two and maybe there's a third Peak that we've lost in Egyptian civilization the first one is the age of the the pyramids the fourth Dynasty the Great Pyramid um on the Giza Plateau after that the uh the age of the pyramids kind of falls off and they lose the technology and and uh they either lose the technology or they lose the Resources or it's a combination of both but they lose the ability to be able to build these monuments and then and then you have a middle kingdom but Egyptian Egypt kind of reaches

its height in the uh in the New Kingdom which is two eras two macro eras later and but this is really under the Egyptian Empire it's how much power and wealth and Prestige they have not necessarily they're huge gigantic temples and there's no pyramids being built at this time then you have The end of of the New Kingdom and it kind of falls off and then we get to just before the annexation of Egypt uh Egypt has this last little harra with its last 300 years um where it reaches another height again that is maybe

not it shouldn't be compared to the age of the pyramids but it's something close so that's that's what we have in store you know coming that's that's what we're about to get into is is this whole rest of of Egypt so we've reached this point of we've reached this this point of the Great Pyramid this is what stands at the center of ancient Egypt and what year are we in approximately 2000 uh probably about 2550 BC okay roughly you know um and so the idea for the Great Pyramid is that it's following this template of

what has been done before but yet now stone masonry in the construction of pyramids has reached an entirely new level um a Level that people have been gawking at and drooling over and mystified by for nearly 5,000 years and it's the size of these Stones these two million stones that are used uh in the Great Pyramid that you know these Stones um weigh anywhere from two tons you know your average Limestone block much less dense than than this Granite that's being brought up the Nile brought down the Nile brought North uh from 500 miles away

each of these Limestone blocks Weigh about 2 tons but the granite blocks that line the walls of the Interior Chambers go from anywhere from 10 to 80 tons and it's the ceiling blocks that weigh upwards of 60 to 80 tons huge huge Stones it's somehow they jumped from from the uh from the bent pyramid to The Red Pyramid like we were talking about that those those in casing stones of The Red Pyramid are made out of these huge Blocks of granite but even the monumentality of those stones takes another leap in the next so so

you have SRU his son is kufu who's attributed to being the uh the builder of the Great Pyramid and and for people who watched the last episode we saw that you know even Graham Hancock since you know in in Fingerprints of the Gods he was originally on well the pyramid's you know 12,000 years old and so many people have held that so close and as the Alternative side has gotten more rigorous or as some people have gotten more rigorous and and I think Graham is one of those guys I think he's very honest about his

thoughts and I think you can see that because his thoughts change over time which is good you know um and they even change in the opposite direction of what his fans would expect him to go right and so I think that's we can see that as as a great deal of honesty on his part And so you see this jump from sfru to his son kufu somewhere in there there is an architectural an engineering leap where they're moving stones that are on a scale that nobody will do after that um and raising these Stones you

know hundreds of feet in the air and setting setting them in place and with the granite stones that line the chambers inside the Great Pyramid they're cut so precisely that there isn't mortar between those stones Um it's it's really really amazing it's actually only going to be surpassed by one other monument and it's going to come it's going to come the Next Generation but um you know the traditional idea is that is that kufu pyramid is is a pyramid that's going to is going to Mark um his death right I mean you see the uh

you can see the Rock Cut burial of what they think is a rock cut burial beneath it but it's on that primordial Mound now there's a lot to address with the Great Pyramid and it should be addressed uh the Great Pyramid is completely surrounded by a necropolis again a dead city um and this Acro this necropolis is completely filled with these Limestone very well-built mbas like we were talking about earlier these mbas start out as the precursor for the pyramid but later on they become the standard burial place for lower people just to show people

who didn't see the Last episode could we just pull up the MAA real quick alessie so they can see what this looks like but essentially it's it's a flat without a tip ear it it's it's yeah if you cut the if you cut the lowest you know it's a 3X one structure there you go yep maybe even pull up MBA diagram because I think yeah hit Imes MBA illustration hit images up there and then hit the hit the fourth one there it is there we go so um so this is what we believe eventually Evolves

into a pyramid but it also becomes the standard burial for people lower than the Pharaoh later on so you know the pharaoh's right-hand man would have been buried in a very nice moso with made out of huge Stones too um and on the inside of these mbas that line that line the Pyramid of kufu uh this is kind of the reason like like when people say you know there's very very limited scant evidence that that uh that connects the pyramid to kufu well it's Kind kind of you know I don't know how intellectually honest that's

really being because sure walking around the base of the Great Pyramid looking at the artifact record of things that have come out there come out of the Great Pyramid um walking through the interior Chambers there's nothing on those walls and we're we're going to get to that because that's a big thing um and uh it's a it's a big blind spot in my eyes it's a huge question mark I can't explain it it's Counterintuitive to everything I'm about to the foundation I'm about to to the precedents I'm about to lay out you walk all around

kufu pyramid and it's completely lined with these huge mastabas uh made out of huge Limestone blocks and you walk in on the inside and it's lined from floor to ceiling with hieroglyphs telling you who this person was and in the cases of the people of these mastabas and these buildings all around kufu pyramid it tells you okay This is you know this is this person and he was the vazer to kufu I mean it explicitly writes it out on the temple wall this is the role that he had under kuf Fu's Reign this is his

relation to kfu here are the other things that this individual guy did as well and by reading the hieroglyphs because hieroglyphs change over time you know that this guy uh was writing in a language that was a Proto language to later Egyptian hieroglyphs you can see The evolution and you can see the evolution in the art and along the temple walls is showing you you know this guy uh he loved f fishing he loved you know farming on his Fields he loved overseeing uh he loved hunting hippos you know you can just see all the

things that he wanted to do later on in his life you get a very good image of the identity of these people and there's dozens of them around the Great Pyramid the Pyramid of kafra and the Pyramid of Manara those are the three Great Pyramids the big game is almost here and it's now or never don't miss out on the last football game of the season with prize picks the best place to win cash while watching the big game prize picks is also giving away a free pick for the Super Bowl where one of the

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once again make sure you use code Julian to get $50 instantly after you play your first first $5 Lineup prize picks run your game and all of the outer buildings are tell are they all have one thing in common with each other is that they all reference either one of the three great pharaohs that we attribute to the Giza Plateau so you look around the Giza plateau and you go okay there's all these people buried here where are the three pharaohs buried that are referenced in all of these tombs it's probably this gigantic building that

they're all that they're All pointed at right it that took a lot of self-research and me opening up these old textbooks that or these old uh research books that are based on flinger Petri and Covington these early uh archaeologists who excavated a lot of these mbas it took me doing that to find this context to have the realization of oh okay I get it now this this is the context for this I can say all that in one hand in the other hand I did walk inside of kufu pyramid and manara's Pyramid the Coffer pyramid

in in the center is is closed off I guess they're they're doing something in it um but I walked all through those pyramids and why don't I see the hieroglyphs telling me who this person was you mean the most powerful person on the entire planet didn't have anything written about him didn't have anything written about him and his name name isn't inscribed anywhere sketchy sketchy what what is that why is that such a why Is that such a blind spot in Egypt and and and it leaves it leaves just as big of a question is

if this isn't his tomb if this isn't kufu kaoff manar's tomb where the hell are these guys and why is everyone who worked underneath them buried here where are they it creates another big question you know if these aren't tombs and I and and I'm at a gridlock here you know like honestly I'm at a gridlock I don't know what the answer is to how to Explain these things they're made with technology and techniques that we can't understand that we can't we haven't re-engineered that we can't explain and they're attributed to uh who were I

mean we're pretty sure who built these who built these monuments all everything is pointing at who built it but why on the inside is is is the guy not in there you know why is kufu sarcophagus in the great in the Great Pyramid we should we should pull we Should pull that up um kuu sarcophagus yeah yeah or Great Pyramid sarcophagus you know I was in the Cairo Museum and I saw fourth Dynasty which he's a fourth fourth Dynasty I saw fourth Dynasty sarcophagy that are much nicer yeah here's here's here is it what's that

made out of uh this is red ason granite okay so go one to the right if you would so that's about what it looks like it's it's it's not very nice I mean I you know I hear people say you know I Hear people like really dog on it but you also have to think like this is probably the most violated and touched sarcophagus in all of human history however it really doesn't explain why they're in intrinsic qualities about it that make it less impressive than less important people who lived at the same time as

kufu I've seen other fourth Dynasty sarcophagy they're a lot more impressive than this why is this the the the Great Pyramid was the B biggest Building on the on the on the face of the planet until the eiil tower was constructed it's such an important thing and we attribute it to somebody who's obviously must have been so important to be able to build it but he's not inscribed on the on the inside of it how do I make sense of that you know if it if it really is not a tomb and it's something else

well what is that thing well of course that's been speculation forever and there's never Been a concrete something great some great idea that's been come up for it yet you know that that we've been able to prove um if it's not kufu tomb why is his entire government and all of his relatives and his wives buried right next to it um and where is he where is he at a simple and boring explanation I can come up with is that he did something that pharaohs seem to do later on um oh oh I should also

say there are Some archaeologists who they're wrong they're very wrong these are these are uh people who are anti- Hancock they will come back and go no no no no no no no the interior of tombs were not decorated you know cuz what what people will do is they'll go um they'll go okay look at the inside of the Great Pyramid this is clearly not a tomb these are alternate history researchers they'll look and and say this is clearly not a tomb the interior of the Great Pyramid Has no hieroglyphs nothing decorative that would that

would show us this is a funerary monument look at this this is a funerary Monument this is what the Egyptians were capable of and it'll be the Valley of the king which are these Rock Cut tombs like I was telling you that that workers Village in in the first episode that is that is um a thousand years later after this the the style of tombs are completely different at this Point but archaeologists who probably don't have enough education in egyptology to be combating this will then return and say uh-uh the Great Pyramid was built at

a time where there were no hieroglyphs and ferary monuments and that's why you don't see it in there that was a trend that was started later on well you shouldn't be teaching anybody let alone combating or putting people down for asking questions about Egypt if you don't realize that all the Freaking mastabas around the Great Pyramid all have hieroglyphs in them and um Zoser pyramid that first step pyramid those shafts and Chambers down below it are all decorated with these uh turquoise scarabs that that make it look like it was uh we think it was

trying to uh be symbolic of the palace that Zoser would have had in Memphis so it's all decorated underneath it is clearly set up from the traditional egyptological view that the inside of pyramids are Going to be decorated and you can see um hieroglyphs of Zoser in the afterlife you know in in the iconic fonic pose uh performing Divine ceremonies and visiting these places in the afterlife and you know doing the things he wanted to do that's set up but we don't see it in the in the Pyramid of my Doom as far as we

know I've never been inside and it's it's hard to get into the Pyramid of my Doom it's hard to get permission why is it hard to get permission there's Just some things in Egypt that are that are there's two barriers of Entry to to almost everything in Egypt um and this is also why I kind of think it's funny you know when people say like you know it's a big cover up everything's a big cover up you know [ __ ] zah you can buy your way into anything in Egypt if you have enough money

um there's really there's really nothing that's that's you know uh locked off like there are no passages in any of the Great Pyramids That that people aren't allowed inside of you you can explore every single corner of the Great Pyramid of if you have enough money if you have enough money but see that's not expensive that cost like a hundred bucks to do that um what I mean is that there are pyramids way off in the desert that Egypt hasn't built the infrastructure to allow tourists to go see so if you want to go see

it you really you really want to go they know you really want to go see it If you're asking so you're going to pay a lot to do that is what that's that's how it works you know and in some places they are actually scared that if you bump in like to a board or something that you know that's holding up a this rock that you will actually die and so they is locked off you know some places you can't money can't get you into it but it's probably more for your safety and for liability

um it's not at all like Mexico like in Mexico there are These sacred Secret places all over all over these ancient sites all over Mexico no money no money power or Prestige could get any man entry into there are places that are that locked off who yeah yeah so we'll get to that someday yeah I guess some other episode [ __ ] so um but Egypt if you have enough money and connections you can get into anything um so that's why you know I kind of laugh from like you know and they act like it's

a cover Up it's like I mean you can literally go see it all for yourself they're notd for clicks it's good for clicks they're not they're not hiding anything from you you can go by your way into looking at all of it videotape all of it do what you want um so um oh gosh where did I where was I at um we were on the Great Pyramid yeah you were talking about the Great Pyramid and how there and how this is the one that doesn't have anything written Inside there so his family was buried

there but he wasn't and the other buildings all had people buried there yeah so um you know that that's that's the big mystery and this is me being intellectually honest here and and laying out the chronology that makes sense and then hard stopping at something that doesn't make sense um meaning you got to whatever theorizing you Do ends there because you you there's not enough evidence for you to gather to be able to say it is this this or that yeah yeah you know I I just I I don't know and I think that that's

the the thing that's insane about it is how like how can we be at this place where you have this thing that seems like it's very obvious you look at the peripheral of the Great Pyramid it's all pointing towards it all makes sense because we don't have this body oh you Know what I was telling you I think kufu did something that that uh um other uh uh pharaohs seem to do because it goes against um well and then I got on to you know there archaeologist who say that you know uh hieroglyphs didn't exist

and funerary monuments during the time of kufu so you know there's that whole thing um kufu may have done something that some pharaohs seem to do later on um you I think it was in the first Episode where I say that sometimes pharaohs had two burials you had a burial in the South and he had a burial in the north the north was where the government of Egypt was run um you had uh the government of Egypt was run out of Memphis that's why it's the capital of Egypt and that's typically where the Pharaoh lived

um the religious heart of Egypt was in a city called abidos which was near modern day Luxor or or in modern day Luxor and abidos you know That's where that's where the the high priest of amoon Amon raw that that is the god of Ancient Egypt you all the other gods are pretty much lesser Gods he's a great player on the uh on the Detroit Lions too oh yeah yeah yeah he's the truth so he's um you know he is the god in in ancient Egypt for the vast majority of of of of Egypt history

he's only toppled a couple times um in in his importance and so he may kufu may and this is a hyper conservative hyper sober Answer he may have had two baral and the Great Pyramid was never meant to be entered no one was ever meant to see it and he wasn't actually buried in it uh all it was was a shell and that and that the monument was meant to speak for himself and he thought that no nobody would ever see the interior of it so they didn't bother decorating it when in fact he is

actually buried in an Undiscovered tomb somewhere near abidos which was the Religious heart where a lot of pharaohs did bury themselves I mean the Valley of the Kings is is near abidos it's in southern Egypt where the religious Capital was it would make sense that he had enough power to bury himself in some place that has never been discovered and all the pyramid was was an incredibly elaborate Monument um to dedicate to his existence but why are there so many chambers and labyrinths and inside of it I don't know I can't explain that um so

so that's the Great Pyramid um we get to Coff's pyramid and and by the way one quick question on the Great Pyramid before we go off what is the what do you think is the length of time it took to build up you know I wouldn't say the traditional answer is 20 years yeah and but what's the L Cav's answer say they say that uh you know you know the the the combat to that is well you know if you laid a stone like every minute it Would take however many centuries to do that um

I don't think that it's 100 I mean I don't think that it's 20 years it's got to be if kufu built that pyramid in its entirety the whole thing it has got to be at least the entire course of the guy's life the entire course of his life how long did he live um you know maybe three times as long as 20 years into his 60s we don't really know you know I mean These are people who lived tremendously long time ago and we don't have their body he's never his actual resting place his body

has never been discovered um and you know that could be because the tomb was raided in ancient times and every single thing out of the Tomb including his own body was removed but it doesn't answer this big blind spot of why are there no hieroglyphics carved into the walls when they were clearly capable of that um so what I would say Is another possible answer is that maybe it was done in 20 years but maybe his portion of it was done in 20 years the outer part that he built you know like Graham was saying

is that you know these are built on top of older structures and uh Brothers of the serpent they have ideas that you know it it wasn't just it wasn't just two phases where you have this primordial Mound that then kufu built this giant pyramid on top of but maybe a primordial Mound that's Venerated and then something slightly bigger is built on top of that and something slightly bigger is built on top of that and then somebody comes in and finishes it off and finalizes it and so maybe 20 years of work can be done on

that Final Phase does that make sense that's that's kind of another possible answer possible answer there but I would say that I I cast a very weary eye on the 20 year on the 20 year mark because they say 20 Years for kufu kafra and marus pyramid that all three of them took that's crazy took each one of them took 20 years to do if that makes sense um and I just don't you know I just don't buy that I have no doubt that they worked hyper efficiently you look at the you look at The

Monuments they were able to um able to create I'm sure that they were hyper efficient people but 20 years I just don't know you know it's not like They're working 24 hours a day do we have an estimation of the Egyptian population at that time um I want I want to say I want to say it's around a million people uh across all of Egypt and does that include slaves yeah yeah but so they got a lot of slaves working on this no well you know um no uh it is not is not even the

official uh explanation that slaves built the pyramids it's that it was maybe not themselves but I'm saying Helped to work on it sure sure maybe just moving stuff but as far as the stone masonry setting things into place um you know obviously the design of it and everything uh those were done by by Highly Educated people and slavery in Egypt is different than what we recognize as slaves today like sometimes people would give themselves into slavery because they had a debt to pay um but that's indentured servitude sure sure that indentured servitude is more Of

an accurate term for slaves in Egypt and who were these people were these people from the east or South like the Nubians or something like that like uh sure some you know a combination It's a combination of everything including Egyptians themselves okay um uh probably more Egyptians were enslaved than than foreign people cuz the the other thing you don't hear about when discussing Egyptian history online is the conquest aspect of it all These other peoples that we read about through history they went to other places they conquered they took land they did all these things

Egypt is kind of its own self-fulfilling yep ecosystem and they're powerful and they have more money than everyone and they're like the most at points the most powerful place on Earth but for some reason none of these [ __ ] pharaohs are like let's get the whole Army together and take over all of Africa or take over Asia why is that uh just wasn't a part of the Egyptian mindset they didn't uh at a few times in the Bronze Age they they extend out into the Middle East and and con how far um up to

um up to about Balck Lebanon okay yeah they they were uh Balck is a famous place have you heard of this uh with the with the famous trilon Stones uh they were up there um but Matt ly discussed that sure yeah yeah so so the Egyptians Were out there um and it's thought that they may be they might be the guys who who built those stones or laid those stones there that's a that's a huge question mark ball back because it's really beyond anything you see in Egypt too it it is it is a straight

up anomaly in ancient history um it is more impressive just the size of the stones and and getting them from one place to the other is more impressive than the size of really it's definitely top five In all of the ancient world yeah um you know huge question mark and totally out of place because those people in that area are building mud brick buildings so anyways you have this small period of Imperial Egypt uh in the Bronze Age um but what about all the eras outside the Bronze Age where they weren't Imperial and but they're

getting slaves yeah yes so they got connects obviously sure sure sure so they're I I would say um they're not they're not Imperial they were all They were always Imperial in the aspect of they went out and beat people up uh they went down into Nubia and beat up the Nubians and took their gold and constantly made constantly let the Nubians know how much more powerful the Egyptians were and then they would go out and sort of conquer the Hittites the Hittites or make sure that the Hittites always knew that they need to they need

to pay their tax which is you know women and probably slaves and gold and they Went out there once a year just to just to remind the Nubians you know and basically they either give it up easily or they just raid the town and take it all there's a lot for you to think about before you go on a first date you got to have the right outfit get a good haircut or maybe you just rock the messy flow either way there's another non-negotiable that you cannot Overlook and that is deodorant and for my go-to

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p m n d o.com that link is down in the description please support our show by telling them we sent you smell fresher stay drier and boost your confidence from head to toe with Mando that's about as far as Imperial power goes in Egypt um they were really Happy with bringing everything home and not establishing colonies outside of Egypt reason being is that they were kind of scared of leaving the Nile they were very pampered by the Nile uh you know they call the desert or they call the Mediterranean Sea the great green and you

know you don't see Egyptian fleets sailing across the Mediterranean conquering other places in the way that you see the Greeks do it or the Phoenicians or the Romans it's not an Egyptian thing to do that it's not an Egyptian thing to leave the the sacred Lush Nile Valley they're not desert people that wander through the desert those are barbarians that that's how they saw them as as these lesser Barbarian people that you know are are less than a slave really um and so and those barbarians are going to come in and conquer them because of

that thinking will they will um they will on L your mentality on more than one Occasion um so yeah so in Egypt you have you have Egyptians um Mo it's mostly Egyptians that are slaves and it's it's a higher form of slavery uh or I should say a better life than slavery that you see in later civilizations and maybe a better life than you see in Roman slavery um and so you know slaves in ancient Egypt they could marry they could own land I mean slaves could own land yes but that seems so counterintuitive but

you had to you Had to pay your debt you had to pay your debt or it would cost you your life so basically you do me a huge favor and I can't there's no way I can pay you back dude I will I will serve you I'll serve you and and that's kind of on your terms you know sure sorry sorry uh so I uh you know it's kind of kind of on your terms but but there was there was probably a standard um by which you could not drop below you know what I mean

like you can't uh even though I'm Sure it happened but generally there's probably a standard that you shouldn't drop below um where you can't treat me like I'm less than human but I am I am indentured to you you know and I have a certain debt that I've got to pay off to you and sometimes that debt can be paid off by you know my daughter's 18 years old would you like her as your wife and you go that that'll do and and that can be and that can be in like a regretful way Or

it can be in a very respectful way where I like you as a person you like me as a person you've done me such a great uh favor I can never repay the favor take my daughter take my daughter you know but that could have been done uh you know because a lot of people see it as like selling your daughter away I mean that's what that's kind that's what it is but the uh you know the women growing up in that world knew that it was that way too it's just the harshness Of of

reality but that's kind of how you know debts can be paid off it's it's either that I find some way to to you know appease this this debt that I owe you or I work on your farm or you make me because because I'm a person you respect you make me the overseer of your farm for the next 10 years you know and in return you pay me very well um but you pay me a little bit less than you would have to pay somebody else right you get you get this great service for a

Little bit less I still have all my rights as an Egyptian but I am paying off a debt to you you know I got it so it's that it's that kind of thing they're very fast and loose with the term slave it's varying levels well we're fast and loose with it the term slave didn't even exist in Egypt oh so they didn't use that no no no no what about like the Hebrews and [ __ ] that was Moses's whole thing no I mean they weren't slaves they they uh they the Hebrews weren't slaves no

not really not not in the same not in the same way that we understand slaves today uh these were people who had a job to do and um you know a lot of them uh made mud bricks with straw you know we get that from we get that from mud bricks with straw yeah so they uh you know they they they grind up straw and they put it in the mud bricks and and it gives the it gives the mud bricks stability so so in the Bible um you have the story of Joseph and yeah

You have the story of Joseph and it's about 1800 BC or 16 1700 BC and this leads on to uh Moses um and so the Pharaoh basically tells the the Israel the Israelites that they're going to have to make their mud bricks without straw and uh what that's telling us is that is that these aren't these aren't slaves in the way that we understand it these are people who work in these are people who work in a in a grueling industry they're kind of a lower class Citizen um but they still would have had rights

you know as far as our entire understanding of of Egypt these people would have had rights of some kind they could buy land they could they could marry um other people however they're lesser citizens in the fact that that the Egyptian government would only allow so much of a population of these people in their country um the Egyptians really cared about keeping their national identity and their cultural identity um There will if there were certain times in in in Egyptian history when a certain culture became too populace and they kicked all of them out it

was so they had strong borders it was yes they did it was very very important that the that Egypt was compromised of Egyptians and that they had Egyptian culture and you worshiped Egyptian gods you had some religious freedom uh you know under a decent Pharaoh you had religious freedom um but there was not going to be any More than 10% of the population of Egypt being comprised of any specific uh race of people so the Jews would have been second class citizens but they weren't you know slaves being you know whipped on the back this

is not how I learned that story sure sure yeah and uh so that they had their own industry of of making these mud and straw brick uh bricks and so you know archaeologists will go all throughout Egypt looking for evidence of These bricks without straw that's not what that's not what the Pharaoh meant what the Pharaoh meant is uh the government isn't going to subsidize your straw anymore you got to pay for that or you have to go out and get it yourself so it's more expensive and they make less profit slaves aren't supposed to

make profit what it's telling you they're not slaves they're lower yeah as you said we've change changed this conveniently To be able to Broad brush certain things that are more sure could be better explained in class structure see what's the what's the what's the famous um cartoon about Moses I forget what it is cartoon yeah yeah it's the famous like um Christian cartoon about Moses god I forget what it is man I wouldn't have any idea it's a story of Exodus but in there they show you know they show the uh the Egyptians whipping whipping

the Jews as they're building the pyramids Which is silly um but yeah um so the uh I think in the Bible what does it say there's it's 600 it's an exodus of 600,000 uh uh Israelites from from Egypt and uh and that's a you know that that can't be right because the population of Egypt is about a million people uh during the time of The Exodus so more realistically the Bible exaggerated come on yeah that would never happen uh you know it they yeah I want to say that they say when we Calculate it to

today it's about 600,000 um Israelites had a mass Exodus from Egypt um that just can't be right there weren't it wasn't 60% of Egypt's population we have an estimation of around a million people um and it probably wasn't 60,000 people either uh it was probably more like 600 uh Israelites 6 600 yeah yeah maybe maybe 6,000 Israelites somewhere between 600 and 6,000 that's what I would say 6,000 feels like the number yeah 6 6,000 out Of a million people sure sounds perfectly right uh the name Moses is is an Egyptian name it's not even an

Israelite name so it makes perfect sense I mean Moses was raised as an Egyptian um and so you have this Mass Exodus from Egypt we kind of jump forward in Egyptian history quite a little ways you're explaining the slaves thing yes and uh and so they you know they feel like they're not being treated right by the Pharaoh and then they you know they Have um they have their Prophet Moses now who was uh raised in um you know he was raised in the palace in in Egypt he's perfectly educated much more educated than most

of the uh uh Israelite people are he's the perfect guy to be their prophet and lead them out of Egypt and you know what's funny is that this undoubtedly happened an exodus of some kind undoubtedly happened there's lots of little clues that show us that whoever wrote the books of the Book of Exodus was intimately familiar with the way things worked in Egypt during the Bronze Age um really no doubt about it um if it were more vague it'd be more of a question but whoever wrote that book was clearly in in Egypt at that

time there's lots of little details in there that um like the way that they describe women giving birth in Egypt is exactly right and unique to Egypt um and there's many more details than that even the kind of verbiage that they use when It's translated from Hebrew uh um it's exactly exactly similar to common phrases that that would have been U that would have been said in Egypt during the Bronze Age but so probably what it was was it's funny how it's this it's this Exodus from Egypt which from our Western point of view that

has been so influenced by uh judeo-christian religion um and the abrahamic religions we see the Exodus as this Monumental event that completely shapes the rest of World history history what's funny is the Egyptians didn't even care a bunch of Israelites walked out of walked out of Egypt and the Egyptians go in the total history they go they go bet okay whatever you know they don't they don't record that it they don't record that it happened it wasn't a massive defeat to the Egyptians it wasn't like this huge military loss like you know a portion of

their you know an entire portion of a population just and Probably not even an entire portion probably a lot of Jewish people didn't want to leave so you know but you have a large portion of this Israelite population ex Exodus or leaving um egy part in the Red Sea yeah yeah and uh and probably what that is this this Red Sea you talk about you know they talk about how the carts the pharaoh's carts as they're chasing the Israelite people it probably did piss off the Pharaoh or some vizir of Egypt who probably did Want

to chase down you know the leader of these Israelites and smite him and kill him um but the Chariots start getting bogged down and and they can't uh they can't go forward anymore and the and the Israelite the Israelites are able to walk across the sea U because they're because they're on foot well probably more likely what this is is a sea of reeds it's a it is the Sea of reeds that connects um uh the Sinai you have to cross the Sea of reeds to get we Goog that sea of reeds Sinai Peninsula yeah

yeah um it's uh it's somewhere in the in the Sinai desert like maybe the Northwest side of the Sinai I I don't know the exact location of it but um it's more than likely it's a sea of reads rather than literally splitting the Red Sea um and honestly man it's in such a remote part of Egypt I would uh do um the green one the the lush green one yeah I want you go to the bottom and uh there yeah that that photo right There no I'm sorry the uh the one you were on the

one to the left yeah there you go that is they probably crossed a huge area that looked like and the Israelite people are able to walk through it but because we're in the Bronze Age we're now in the age of Chariots and the and the the pharaoh's people are you know they're riding these horses with these big chariots they can't get the Chariots through through these marshes and these sea of reeds but The Israelites are able to kind of Wade through it and get through it to the other side and then they're gone off in

the desert and so there's this barrier that the that the Egyptian Army doesn't want to follow them through and then they're gone well so ramsy didn't drown in the sea when it got shot by no no no no probably not hate to see it and uh although um I believe that it's Ramsay's firstborn son dies through an unknown means his his firstborn son Really did die which is that's what the Passover is yes you know they Co cover your front door with with Lamb's blood obviously the Pharaoh did not cover the palace door with Lamb's

blood because he doesn't believe in Yahweh his first son died in some through some strange cause godamn um so something interesting there you know whoever was in Egypt was uh was intimately familiar with the inner workings of of it's like Hollywood they take the truth and they just you know They hollywoodized it a little bit you got to you got to make the story presentable for the people to buy buy the box office yeah yeah well and that's what so much of the Bible is it's conveying a message to you so you know why let

like the hard facts and the details get in the way of the overall story you don't let the truth get in the way of a good story so you know so that's this is kind of what we're looking at and uh you know and I'm even You know as as an added element of of honesty I'm a Christian I I I believe talked about that you were here I believe there's an element of truth to this there really was an exodus of of Israelite people from Egypt The Exodus really did happen in around the time

that you can estimate that it did which is in the Bronze Age and I think that's the way to look at it I think you know we live in this world where it has to be zero or 100 all fake or all real and That's not really what things are things are imperfect they're done by humans right so if there's a basis of Christianity that you believe in at the core that's like like yes I really like this idea this dude Jesus Christ seemed like the homie did some cool [ __ ] you know might

have been the Son of God like I'm going to be a Christian that doesn't mean you have to co-opt every [ __ ] word written in the Bible because it's there more to it's supposed to be there To teach you things sometimes in the way where it it takes stretches of things that aren't real and and didn't happen sure you know yeah well not to get in this but Jesus did that like you read you read Jesus Christ quotes and he's telling Parables that you know aren't real they not to get in this but Jesus

did that like you read you read Jesus Christ quotes and he's telling Parables that you know aren't real they're kind of exaggerated into simplicity so Anyways um so that's that is um that's the Exodus um I've now forgotten why I was well we went way ahead because we went down this rabbit hole on slaves and playing fast and loose with that term and we've been talking about it with the slaves playing a part in building the Giza last thing last thing I was going to say about the last thing I was going to say about

this is um is one of the things that we know that the Israel one of the things that tell Us that the Israelite people are just this migrating group of people that move into you know land and kind of you know occupy it they they didn't really have a home was on that dream Stella that's erected um between the paws of the Sphinx like we were talking about in episode one it's the very very first time in all of ancient history as far as we know that we have evidence of uh that the Israelites were

actually acknowledged by somebody and you have The Egyptians listing out at the bottom of the dream Stella you have them listing out these different ancient civilizations using different symbols like one will be a tower one will be a big wall but the Israelites are two people walking and it wasn't a it wasn't a city it wasn't a place it was a group of people and they were wandering and so the Egyptians are acknowledging that the Israelites have left and they're just people out wandering around somewhere Which is what the Bible tells us that they did

that they wandered for 40 years in the desert not literally that they're trying to find their way through sand dunes you know and they're turning left and turning right they're they're just they're setting up camp they have now they have now left Egypt which was this you know when they say wandering the desert for 40 years I always thought that was so stupid like to as as a kid it's it's the Sinai desert it's not that Big you know it's not the Sahara Desert it's not the size of a of the United States of America

it's the Sinai desert how and there's coasts all around it you walk in One Direction you'll hit a coast just like that what it's saying is it's from the Egyptian perspective Egypt was not a desert it was a Tropical Oasis everything outside of it is a desert everything like go go south or go go west and go south you hit this a Hera desert you go south you hit Nubia you Don't want to be in Nubia that's not the place Egyptians want to live in this harsh desert environment you go east you hit the Sinai

desert and then you go north from there then you're in Mesopotamia along the tigis and Euphrates which are are Bountiful but they're not Bountiful like Egypt is everything outside of Egypt was a desert Wasteland that you didn't want to be that's why the Egyptians saw themselves as Divine the Sun God gave them what They what they what they have they are way up here compar compared to the rest of the world so Moses and the Israelites wandering around the desert really what they're doing is wandering around from place to place in this drab disappointing Wasteland

that's not even close to what they had in Egypt does that make sense yes and they're looking for the promised land which ends up being up in Israel where things are more fertile um but still I mean not on the Level not on the level of Egypt so that is kind of an insight to slaves in Egypt Circle closed slaves um the way the way that we understand it slaves did not build a pyramid so there's the Great Pyramid and SL y so we now go from the Great Pyramid to Coff's pyramid and and now

that you kind of understand that we don't really understand the means by which these things were done we can start kind of hopping through pyramids because now you Get it that that these are being these are built with massive stones that we don't we don't have explanation for lots of unanswered questions here so you have cofer's pyramid next which um which you know it's just generally accepted that kafra is the son of kufu uh kafra has an interesting name what do you mean it's generally accepted well like we don't know that that's his kid well

so it's um I guess what I mean is that uh it's accepted by Everybody that that that if we're going by who these actual people were cafro was was kufu um son I guess what I mean is is you know cro and kufu are closely tied to their pyramid and there's some debate over whether or not C whether or not the Great Pyramid or the center pyramid PID was was created first because the center pyramid is directly aligned to this Limestone outcropping that is made out of the Sphinx and people wonder well the Egyptians would

Have definitely known that that huge Limestone outcropping that faces East that was eventually turned in the Sphinx was there why would the first pyramid be offset of that why would it not be the center pyramid first and then the two peripheral ones that's kind of the debate there uh we could talk for an hour about that but it's you know it's less important um uh so then you have the um you have you have the center pyramid the Pyramid of Kufu which which is believed is attributed to kufu um son kafra kafra is has an

interesting name because now we're enter entering into and it's been around but now it's at its height under kafra which is the cult of raw which is the sun um and then the sun god later morphs into uh the attin uh which is which is the sundisk this is during the Amara period perod um under the Pharaoh aen have you heard of him before very famous Pharaoh I believe you and I Talked about him we may have he kind of turn Egypt on 76 yeah we we kind of turned Egypt on his head or turned

Egypt on his head a little bit and then they tried to like basically erase him from history um but the cult of raw is now beginning in in Egypt it was really it had always been around even you know in pre-dynastic times people are worshiping the Sun and acknowledging that the sun gives them every single thing that is vital in their world And we can see that in some Pharaoh's names like kafra and then his son menar and K remember how I was talking to you about the spiritual doubles you have the ba which is

your spirit that embodies your body but then you have your call which is your spiritual double and the call kind of has its own mind as well you know we see we see that the way the Egyptians understand this it evolves over time um but C is the spiritual double or sometimes it's interpreted as The essence of raw so Ka FR so it's it's the essence of raw that was his that was his fonic name was the essence of raw he was the human embodiment of raw and so his whole ferary complex it is aligned

to well I you know I didn't even get to this that that the Great Pyramid is aligned to True North not magnetic north but true north and to do that takes an incredible understanding um of astronomy you know what's funny is I watched this long lecture uh of of archo astronomy it Was a series and the the last episode that I had been waiting to get to was over the Great Pyramid and it's this archo astronomer you know PhD guy man we go through the whole uh Great Pyramid and he's like he's like you know

it would take modern technology and GPS coordination to be able to align something like this to True North we would need computers to be able to do this advanced technology and even then we might get it wrong and he's building Up to it and building up to it and he's like it's absolutely amazing that they were able to do this it must have been an accident that's that's what that's what his interpretation of it is it was not an accident there's no way that they just happened to get it that they just happened to accidentally

get it right it's another means of understanding their night sky and and and it's a means of of their science of astronomy that's Lost to us today it's another form of it's another indication or evidence for a lost technology um you know we don't really know how they perfectly aligned it so that's that's that's kufu pyramid then koff's Pyramid has the same has the same alignment um it's also aligned the the entire the entire uh complex is aligned to the east so it's it's all facing the east facing the the morning Sunrise so you have

Coffer pyramid then you have the mortuary Temple and you Have this Long Causeway that goes down to the Nile connecting the causeway to the Nile is the valley Temple now what's interesting about Coff's pyramid is that this Causeway this long you know narrow pathway that goes down is slightly diverted to the right and then then it leads to the valley Temple which has never been done before usually it's a straight shot from the tip of the pyramid down to the Nile it's all perfectly aligned why is it pushed off To the side well there's an

idea that while they are creating the causeway down to the valley Temple they then run into this big Limestone outcropping and from that Limestone outcropping rather than Paving straight through it and Coring all the blocks to use it you know wherever else uh The Architects de side this big outcropping that faces perfectly East could be used as a monument and then they carve that into the Sphinx you know that that's what the Sphinx then becomes um I don't really buy that they found it under Coff's rain why not because it's absolutely gigantic we should we

should look up U um the Sphinx the Sphinx is an absolutely yeah this is one of those sometimes when you look at it in the picture you lose sight of like how big it is cuz you're like oh yeah there it is the statue but it's [ __ ] huge yeah so can we do can we do people walking next to walking in front of sphinx I I want to see if there's one Cuz we had that one earlier of the statues by uh on the border of Nubia yeah where you could see like the

people walking in the last episode when we were talking where it shows how big those goddamn things are so I want one that's not so that that one is people standing far away from yeah that's far it's tough to get people down inside the Sphinx pit getting photos of that like this the head that the perspective yeah yeah the head is so far away you know there's Probably 20 or 30t between them and in the go up all the way up hold on there was one do this uh do the the fifth one or sixth

one sorry right there yep yeah that's that's that's that's a drawing yeah that's a it's it's really that's not the sphinxes is marginally bigger than that it's tough there's I've seen some own footage before where you can see the people and it's just like whoa yeah yeah so okay so so from here um actually will you go to the one with The with the with the blue sky in the background uh the other one to the top right of that there we go that's an iconic photo of the Sphinx all right so you see you

see the toes of the Sphinx yeah dog dog paw yeah the the the crest of those toes is probably about as tall as a person that's about how big that's about how big this thing is uh actually actually I think I think that the dream Stella in the center does that look like it has somebody standing next to it I Could be misperceiving the height of I see what you're seeing I I think is there is there a head there or is that just a shadow I think that's just a shadow okay okay um You

probably have better eyesight than I do um so um those Paws those Paws and the legs are about as tall as a person you know stands and so look at it so from the pyramid what you're seeing is the Eastern face of the pyramid and they build this Long Causeway that comes straight like Perfect Easter East West alignment comes straight down to the Nile where they'll then have a valley Temple that Valley Temple serves as like a museum and a place to worship the Pharaoh you know normal people probably this is just our own interpretation

you know um normal people probably didn't get to go all the way up to the pyramid but they could go into the valley Temple well this Valley Temple is offset it it doesn't go straight it goes around the Sphinx um Which looks like it's built in real reaction to the Sphinx one way or another and so the egyptologist idea is that while they were cing it they ran into this giant outst cropping look at where the back used to be but connecting the top of the head to the bottom of to the bottom of the

spine of the Sphinx imagine how much Stone was actually in that thing they didn't just find that they they definitely already knew that it was there and it wouldn't surprise me If it was a venerated monument in the past because lining the walls of the Sphinx pit is an amount of erosion that you know geologists so many geologists have looked at and say this would be thousands of years of rainfall to make something like this well in 2500 2450 BC when we think that the Sphinx was carved into the face of a pharaoh right here

there wasn't enough rainfall um an actual actually a major amount of drought was going to come in 300 years That we think contributed to the collapse of the Old Kingdom so there's not enough rainfall happening to make this erosion possible um so I think it's possible that this Limestone outcropping that fa D East which we've talked about D East is so Central it's where the sun rises every day and gives gives life U and then and uh and then when it when it dies every day in the west that resonated so strongly with the Egyptian

psychology That they all buried themselves in the west facing East to be reborn it's just Central to Egyptian psychology so this huge Limestone outcropping that's facing D East is probably something that they had cored out maybe turned into a lion uh you know Graham Hancock's idea is that so 10,500 years ago guys if you're still watching this video and you haven't yet hit that subscribe button please take two seconds and go hit it right now thank you or 10,500 BC this Lion here if it was originally carved in in the head of a lion and

it existed 10,500 years ago it would have been facing D East right during the age of Leo where where the uh the constellation of Leo would have R would have risen above the Horizon um and bringing the sun into the night sky and as these constellations change um you enter into different ages so different constellations over the course of thousands of years end up before the sun When the Sun rises in the morning uh that's that's astronomy that's a whole other thing a whole other expertise um but that's essentially what Graham Hancock's idea was and

I actually like that idea um but it is really hard to say I can say with 0% certainty that this Sphinx was cleared out of the ground and being venerated in 10,500 BC man would it make sense man would two puzzle pieces just it would make perfect sense right I can't say with any amount Of certainty but I can say with a great amount of certainty that this Sphinx pit must have been excavated before 2400 BC at a time when Egypt was much more green because it was rapidly becoming drier and drier and drier leading

to a drought that would contribute to the collapse of the Old Kingdom so the Sphinx may have been I I think that the Sphinx had already been recognized and then um and they just built around it and they recar the face into koff's face I mean it's Obvious it's a Pharaoh's face put on a lion yeah that sets a precedence for the rest of Egypt too um there are so many Sphinx statues all throughout Egypt you know made Limestone Granite diorite whatever um that are in that that are in this Sphinx which is the head

of a pharaoh body of a lion um but I have no doubt that one way or another it was it was CED out and venerated long before it was turned into this so then they build the Great Valley Temple next to it um And the valley Temple is you know the most Monumental maybe the most famous temple in not the most famous but for people who are really into construction it's the most famous one it's the one that's most mindboggling with the biggest red granite Stones you could possibly uh move you know only only real

competition in construction style is some of the stuff you see in Peru that's you know just as impressive so that's created there and then you have manara's Um then you have then you have manara's p and after this we'll start moving a little bit faster through history but this is you know something we slow down pay attention to so um so after kuf Fu's entire complex um and I I'll add one little thing about about kuf Fu's uh Valley Temple is that people you know it's commonly people go into it and they just they're so

blown away by the construction that they um that they can't help but be compelled To say you know this has got to be some kind of like super Ancient Temple that was built by a different civilization or something but I think there's a key piece of evidence there uh that shows that that this must have been Egyptian um you know dynastic Egyptian regardless of of of of a age and time um when you walk through that Temple carved into the calite floor um in some sections of it floor I believe our granite and and really

this would have been the most Beautiful temple in all of Egypt when you're when you're walking into the doors on the outside you have this uh you have the Limestone Bedrock that actually slopes down onto the ground you can actually see the ancient Bank of the Nile right there as you're walking up up to it the bank of the Nile would have connected like went right up to this Valley Temple maybe we could maybe we should pull up the Val the the the valley Temple if you just look that up You'll see it Valley Temple

Egypt so you can see where it slow off and there the there's these Stone docks that actually come out just like how we have out here you know in Jersey you have these docks that come out but these would have been made out of stone and then obviously naturally yeah so this is the inside of thehin this is the inside of the Sphinx Temple uh so each one of those are is one block like that column right there is one block the lentil going across uh Between each columns those are all one block I mean

one block yeah yeah it's very impressive um can you do the aerial one that looks like at the bottom God they look like gold bars so that that's how cheps at Temple do one to the right um this looks like a very old photo of the valley Temple aial shot can you look up Valley Temple Egypt uh aiel maybe we can get something from the sky because it kind of is important for the way I'm going to depict This um H man there may these may not be super common maybe do the one at the

top left there we go all right so you see it the bottom right that is the valley Temple next to the Sphinx um it's an absolutely gigantic Temple now at that front so the the face of it that's to the right that's Facing East can you see the little dark spot that makes a triangular shape uh in the in the photo where it's uh well it's just it's just Right in front of that Eastern face at the bottom of that wall you you see what I'm talking about right that no I don't so um do

you see the temple that's to the bottom right of the of the Sphinx here with the with the four big walls that wall That's to the right the outside of that is Facing East does that make sense can you go point would you mind on the screen yeah so I can see this because I'm a little bit confused so this right here is Facing oh okay okay okay okay see this platform that's standing here yes this PL he's saying there's a platform to the right of this he's pointing at this platform is the dock and

Nile was right there that's that's oh all right so the Niles can you just repeat that in the mic for people so they got that right that platform on the bottom right is the dock and the nil in front of it so you have this little platform in front that was the dock uh where you pulled up to Where you pulled up to the valley Temple and I mean a couple feet from that eastern wall was where the ancient Nile Harbor was you sailed right up to this Temple now this Temple when you walked in

is comprised the inner walls of it are comprised out of this you know very impressive megalithic red Awan Granite stones that you can imagine when they're Polished in their day in time they're just gleaming I mean just so impressive but the floor is solid Crystal white Calite and in the ceilings can you go back to uh to the photo of all the columns in the ceilings you know this is probably a sun Temple because it's you know dedicated to kafra um right there yes uh maybe go to any of the others and look for an

inlay in the floor okay um yeah right there bottom right oh I'm sorry oh yeah you see the little Holes in the Floor oh yeah in front of that is where those 30 some odd statues of kafra Of coffa would have set and so um the the uh the lentils that the lentils that are sitting on top of these columns these are going you know long way there would have been other lentils going you know or going uh these right here are going east and west there would have been other lentils going north and south

but it wasn't meant as an actual roof they had little um you can see little sections so can you see on the top lentils that are going above these Columns if you if you go up a little bit can you see little indentations in those columns where another column would have come in the opposite way so this would have created this little hole in the ceiling where when the sun is directly in the sky it's shining down into the temple on top of these solid shining black if you'll look this up now look up D

right kaoff statue d i a r i t e yeah so d i o r i t e and then kafra uh yeah so you definitely want to put kaoff on There so it's uh k h a f r a it's spelled all different ways but it'll come up right okay is that kafar yeah that's fine here it is that one so these are the coffa statues um go to the one that's all the way to the right if you would right there here we go these are the co these is that an eagle it's

it's the Falcon it's the it's like this you know the sacred Falcon um and so these Are these solid diorite coffa statues you see the way the sun is hitting it on the top yeah that's the way it would have looked in the temple so you have solid black shining most magnificent statues in all of Egypt sitting inside and that's undeniably Egyptian I mean that's what it is you're looking at it it's Egyptian look at the face and how perfectly C that is it's absolutely amazing in the Falcon being separated from the head but It's

all one piece of stone I mean it's truly amazing it's remarkable and the knees on this guy like the uh the the way that they're carved I mean it's just so incredible uh you can go you can go to a full body one too and see that there and it's different because in Egypt to compare and contrast here in Egypt they they casted their statues and their figures with far more stoicism whereas was more artistic there was a more artistic Endeavor in like ancient Rome with how they carve things and develop things well um you

know the the famous philosopher Plato he didn't really care for for Greek uh statuary work he didn't like it he thought that it was uh he thought that it was trying to put on too much he didn't he didn't really he wasn't really much of a fan of of of Statuary artwork in that way um but to him egyp Egyptian uh artwork was okay because it wasn't trying to fool you in a way it was you knew that it Wasn't realistic it's this isn't actually exactly what Coffer looked like it is a fonic style and

Plato was okay with that and so when you look all throughout you know Greek history their art style like if you look at their old um statues from 700 BC they're so much worse in quality than statues from you know the height of Athens you know 4 450 BC 400 BC uh is so much worse than than that and the art style changes over time and it becomes much more magnificent but It's also highly stylized um Egyptian architecture or Egyptian statuary work is very simple iconic elegant Timeless and the key word here is eternal it

was never ever meant to change if we go look at that Nar palet that symbolizes what we were talking about the smiting in the UN the smiting of the northern king and the unification of Egypt it is exactly the same style that we will see Egyptian artwork for the rest of Egyptian history they had absolutely no interest in Artistic Innovation uh artistic style in Egypt wasn't meant to change and evolve over time it was established at the very beginning and it was kept exactly the same for over 3,000 years it was never ever meant to

change it was it's crazy that it stays like that be for how long of a time period that is think about how much our art changes every [ __ ] year and has Forever by the way for what seems like forever by the way yeah well you Know when art is a central core part of your religion and it's only and it's meant for the gods it's meant for your religion it's it's meant as a symbol of who you are uh as a civilization oh it's it's meant for who you are as a civilization you

never want it to change you have no interest in it ever changing and it stays exactly the same for all of you know Egyptian history for you have pharaohs who are essentially calling themselves Gods it's Like well this is the god way this is what we do exactly you know they it's kind of like it's kind of like they're not so empirical uh you know fashion they have no interest in becoming anybody else or usurping anybody else they are they are the endall Beall of all civilization everybody else is below the Egyptians they have no

interest in assimilating to anybody else or or allowing too many people to assimilate into them they want to be Egyptian they Will always be Egyptian um and that's why they lasted for 3,000 years they're the world's most conser ative civilization ever and they that's their reign shows it um so this these statues are little Easter eggs that are all throughout Egypt and you're going to see them you know every little Museum you go to there's going to be this coff for statue so this would have been the most beautiful um monuments really in all of

Egypt to me the most impressive white Shining csite Crystal floor huge singular stone columns and then in between the columns it will allow sunlight to come through through and the sun would fall on the physical embodiment of the Sun God kafra and so you would be sailing down the Nile to this big magnificent Temple yeah and and it and the Sun is casting in right on him and uh and you'd be able to go into the temple and probably the reason there were so many of these statues is uh Probably conspicuous consumption he had the

money to be able to do it he had the resources to be able to do it he's this powerful he can do whatever he wants this is the most powerful person on the planet no wonder he's doing he's doing stuff like this but also there's so many statues there so that you can have so many people come in and visit him you know the embodiment of kafra the embodiment of the god raw and leave offerings in front of him so you have This big open space that's kind of like a museum or a tribute to

it's it's the center of of the cult of the sun basically and this is where normal people could come and get a glimpse of of of the Pharaoh so after uh Coff's um after Coff's necropolis Construction we then move on on to Menara there's a little bit less to say here um he's a much less powerful Pharaoh his his uh his pyramid is much smaller the um the mortuary Temple is very impressive lots Of huge huge Stones um stones that I really impressed me I never even seen them before um and then he has this

Long Causeway that leads down to a valley Temple that today is is unexcavated it's just sitting in the desert out out at Giza you can walk up to it but you're going to be standing on top of it because it's completely buried in the sand um but this one would have gone all the way up to the Nile as well and one of the other key pieces of evidence that Kind of locks the construction of these pyramids into a certain era is that there's evidence now um of this dump site where where where a town

was completely turned on its head and thrown into the desert um just and it's it's in it's in this gap of desert just between uh marara Valley Temple and Coff's Valley Temple and so you have this little gap of desert here and this town was just and then thrown you know buried into the desert but archaeologists you Know in in the height of egyptology they're looking for every single little thing so of course you're going to end up looking between the two most iconic places in Egypt which are the valley temples of the Great Pyramids

you look in between them and all of a sudden they find this little workers village with a lot of tools and and clay pots and and and Clay seals Pottery you know all the stuff that that that is similar to workers Villages that they found Elsewhere in Egypt the remnants of them and so it makes it pretty obvious what occupation these people were plus this little town is right down the hill from Giza you know it's literally in Giza it's just on the outer edge of it um and they try to piece piece together okay

what was this town what evidence do we have when did they exist okay we found all these clay jars with these seals okay this seal contains the carou of kufu okay okay so this little town that We found existed during the reign of kufu let's see what other stuff that we can find okay here's the carou of kafra kufu kufu son keep looking through it keep looking through it there's nothing in any of this that has the carou of Menara which we think comes after kafra nothing there so the idea is that the construction of

manara's Valley Temple he cleared it he cleared it all out and turned this turned this little workers Village on its head and just buried all The trash in the desert nearby the valley Temple he displaced it and that's why you don't see evidence for his existence in the archaological remains of this little town because he just ripped up the town and threw it away because the town the town existed where he wanted to build his Valley Temple so he just moved all those guys somewhere else and told him to dump their trash somewhere get the

[ __ ] out and we found that and we yeah and we found that trash So you know you have when did we find that 1800s yeah you know probably turn of the century around the year 1900 that's when a lot of the stuff was found cuz Giza is torn up I mean I think 90 even though there's so much left I think it's like 90% of Giza has been excavated now you know it's just it is the center of archaeology yeah um so it's another piece of evidence that kind of locks the pyramids into

us into a certain date it locks that technology into a certain Era um so that's the Great Pyramids on the Giza Plateau that's the height of the pyramid age which has taken us so long to get through now there's it's been amazing though going through it I really appreciate you giving it such in depth yeah well thank you um you know and there were probably lots of little nuances and Mysteries that we just can't address in you know five or six hours um you know each one of these topics could Take up an entire podcast

each little Nuance thing can take up an entire podcast um but I think it's I think this is like such a treat that people get on a podcast like a sweeping history of Egypt because people you know it just hasn't been done before um and uh so anyways we have now reach the other side of the Great Pyramid age it's kind of all downhill from here there are PE there are other people throughout the end of the Old Kingdom trying to build Pyramids but they don't stand the test of time they're made out of much

less impressive architecture and they crumble and uh you know you have the Black Pyramid and they have basically every other pyramid there's dozens of others that are just these um minor obscure pyramids that the the stones you know the foundation wasn't laid like you know I didn't even describe that you know the foundation of the stones at Giza are man-made you know they're not building On just the natural Bedrock they create these large megalithic tiles for the pyramid to sit on to to make sure it lasts forever and how large approximately were those tiles oh

man I mean they range in all different sizes some of them are are bigger than the biggest stones used in the pyramid but you know they're Limestone but hard Limestone um and so you know the the it's probably you know not a farfetched Say that the economic pull to be able to do this for some reason that's lost to us is decreasing the Pharaohs aren't as powerful as they used to be um we actually do know that that that's the reality um that that's a reality because as you go through all of the you know

you study all these necr all these necropoli throughout Egypt um you know these great graveyards and you can kind of analyze okay in the early dynasties the Pharaohs their whole government was Made up of people that they related were related to in their own family but you can imagine as time goes on your family members die and you got to rely on your buddy to step in to where normally your family member your blood would take up that role right well imagine the trend that that sets in three generations when the pharaoh's family is not

completely in charge and it's people who don't have an intrinsic loyalty to the Pharaoh um by their blood you start vying for more Power and then people start competing with the Pharaoh and that's bad you don't want anybody competing with the Pharaoh that's not good for stability stability in Egypt and um it's it's about right after the um it's about right after marara uh the latter half of the fourth Dynasty in Egypt that more and more people start taking up places in government in Egypt and having uh competition in power with the Pharaoh that's never

a good thing uh he tried That multiple times in all three times it brought about the end of Egypt which they were barely able to scratch um their way back from so this is starting to happen in Egypt for the first time as people starting competing with the Pharaoh and it creates instability and uh more of a balance of power and resources in Egypt like we see high Priests of raw uh and and other various Gods getting really really nice tombs that are comparable to the Pharaohs and all of a sudden you have this guy

who's a vazir or he's the high priest of you know ex God who has a nicer sarcophagus a much nicer sarcophagus than the Pharaoh ooh there some kind of dis there's some kind of displacement of power here MH and it's something that's lost to us today but there's some guy here who has something on the Pharaoh he's got the Pharaoh by the balls you know what I mean and and it's happening more and more common the Pharaoh's power is diminishing while the power of the priests is increasing and then all of a sudden at the

end of the Old Kingdom we have this Pharaoh called uh uh Pepe II which is not a very strong name for a pharaoh and uh I've always thought I've always thought about like I've always thought about like the you know the ceremony that's like the Incarnation of the Pharaoh or something and uh and they go and now presenting the the second Bey you know it's just Not it's just not you know it's not it's not kaoff you know it's not something strong it's not badass it's not it's not ramsy very beta male very beta male

yeah and so Pepe probably lives a lot longer than he should he lives to be I think you know he's he's the longest reigning Pharaoh in Egypt probably lives to be 90 or 92 uh he he um he's a similar length in reign to Ramsay's the Ramsay's the great but not nearly as successful because by the end of his Reign uh you Know it's like weekend and bernes the Pharaoh is not actually in charge of Egypt he probably should have offed himself a long time ago or giv up the throne uh to somebody else because

he was not in charge of uh there are so many problems that were going on in Egypt that we can't name them all or or decide which one that it was uh that brought down the the Old Kingdom but Egyptian civilization we call them intermittent intermediate periods um Where you know Egypt is kind of knocked off its horse for a little bit and it climbs back that that is that does not do it justice Egypt as a unified civilization ended it it literally ended it was able only able to crawl back 300 400 or about

250 years 350 years later um the entire civilization ended we think it was due to Drought due to Financial Trin due to uh Invaders just sacking you know these barbarians that live out in the desert The Barbarians That finally came in probably under a period of instability under a very elderly King who was not you know it was expected at least as far as we know um that the Pharaoh was obviously he's in charge of the army but not only is he in charge of the army he's also out there with the Army you know

when they're fighting people it's expected that he's out there at least through propaganda right yeah um it's not I guess you know it's not Realistic to think they're actually out there like he's not Mel Gibson and the Patriots going front line yeah yeah but it's expected that he's very active and that this old old elderly Pharaoh was not active and so you can just imagine you look at leaders throughout history that are basically like a corpse that's being propped up all the people around that corpse are much more powerful in their positions than they should

be and that they would be if there was a young Strong person in at that main at that main Ro and so you have mass amounts of instability in Egypt and the civilization quite literally ends um and that is are we at again this is 2100 BC the death of of Pepe II and when he's dead we now have this period um the end of the golden the end of the golden days of Egypt have now finally come to an end due to instability and and the pharaoh's position being Challenged and ultimately uh toppled which

created you know now you have you have these uh you know now you have these varying Chieftains you know all these high priests who think that they're in charge and it just fall falls apart because people on the peripherals The Barbarians at the gates are waiting they're waiting to come in and eventually they do at the end at the end of Pepe II's Reign so they they bombard Egypt and Egypt is gone for 300 years And it's not until um it's not until a pharaoh named uh it's it should be motep look that up mon

hotep yeah yeah motep second so how do hold on how does a pharaoh if if they're like gone for 300 years that's older than our country is right now how's it how and meaning the Pharaoh line dies how does someone suddenly declare themselves a pharaoh um probably what it is if you go to go to to the description so there's lots of motps um M hotep mentu hotep will you Read the description okay I got you mentu hotep the second also known under his pronoun or pren see how I'm trained now PR okay so I'm

sorry so promin prenomen Nepeta this isn't what you want no no look up look up uh first pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom he was a he just to be clear all right first pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom yeah all right aless aless has been on The on the money today yeah yeah thank you we've had him pull up like [ __ ] 6,000 things all right first F of middle king hotep that's what I was saying yeah yeah M hotep the f um oh yeah all right copy and paste that and let's go to his

YouTube or yeah well it's it's it's yeah yeah yeah perfect yeah so that is the right one yeah well no there there's a mantu hotep and a m hotep that's M hotep yeah that's what we were on go down hit that again Alie this is what we were on Yeah men me hot yeah so also known under his pronoun nebba hatra yeah so he's he's the very beginning um yeah sorry about that so um all good so I'll read the description like you want it was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh the sixth ruler of the 11th

Dynasty he is credited with reuniting Egypt thus ending the turbulent first intermediate period and becoming the first far of the Middle Kingdom he raided for 51 years according to the Turin kingless motep II succeeded His father intf III on the throne and was in T's seat succeeded by his son motep theii mentu this is what I want to know mentu hotep II ascended Egypt throne in the upper Egyptian city of tbes during the first intermediate period Egypt was not unified during this time and the 10th Dynasty rival to motps 11th ruled Lower Egypt from heropolis

after the herac colop kopitan king desec sorry people desecrated the sacred ancient Royal necropolis of Abidos in Upper Egypt in the 14th year of meu hotep's Reign Pharaoh motep II dispatched his armies North to conquer Lower Egypt continuing his father intf III's Conquest me to hotep succeeded in unifying the country probably shortly before his 39th year on the throne following and in recognition of the unification in regnal year 39 he changed his titular to citali okay so so hold on a minute so effectively Egypt in the dark periods at some point here formed Multiple States

within it and so one of the states had a line of pharaohs that started before him at some point one of them is like yo I'm the Pharaoh of this [ __ ] right here and his father was the Pharaoh of this state and was trying to start to unify Egypt together and then this [ __ ] came in and said I'm going to unify it all together and reunified the whole country and said I'm far of you all call me God yep you know you know what's really you know what's Really interesting is that

first you remember when you asked me how the origins of hieroglyphs began and I tell you uh down in southern Egypt which is Upper Egypt um up in those Eastern Mountain mountain is where they found that Petroglyph that shows scorpion right okay so that is Scorpion the who is tangentially the father of Scorpion II the other name for Scorpion II is Nur which is the guy who comes from the south and conquers the North and unifies Egypt so the son of this you know former great Pharaoh the son of inep III which is motep II

um they also come from the same area of Egypt Scorpion and he marches North again and smites the king of Northern Egypt and reunites it this guy did what scorpion II did he did exactly the same thing March North and put back put the civilization back together you know eventually they kick out all the Foreigners like each little State kicks out all the foreigners uh or they begin to do that and which kind of reestablishes Egyptians being there uh you know because they all recognize that having too many people that aren't Egyptian there your civilization

is crumbling it's eroding away you know you have no foothold in your own home anymore so these states are beginning these little kingdoms these Chief uh they're kingdoms that are run by Chieftains is kind of like the the word but they all have people who are claiming to be Pharaoh right well eventually one of them is going to have to be pharaoh and to do that he's going to have to grab the last remaining Pharaoh by the hair with the scepter and smite him and crush his skull in and say I am the god the

human embodiment of the god you know of Egypt that's right and um so this guy mentu hotep does it he does it again the second time Egypt is Unified but imagine 400 years afterwards yeah they don't even these people don't even know what their history was it's exactly it's a new civilization uh and you had people who are trying to keep up with the history you know um some of the Kings lists are they come during during the Middle Kingdom and then in the New Kingdom that comes later on uh you know they have Kings

list going back they're able to kind of you piece together the history and they actually do it Accurately in in some ways all the way up to Nur because after Nur you have a solidified civilization that is making an effort to record events right and so you have people that are like historians and archaeologists that we can just assume that we're digging back through their history and reassembling these things after 400 years of being Fallen apart but now it's a new civilization they're not building well I mean they try um but they're not building pyramids

And monuments on the scale of what they were were you know how when people say um you know well it must have been a great cataclysm and a disaster that destroyed the civilization that built the pyramids that did happen there was there was a a Monumental drought that Egypt hadn't seen before that landed at the end of the Old Kingdom compared with a dozen other reasons that a cataclysm befell the Old Kingdom of Egypt and it literally fell apart for four centuries Or three centuries and this guy puts it back together um and then so

Egypt has another Harrah has a second period of the Middle Kingdom but this is kind of defined as a period of conservatism and stability until it's not and it's just a few hundred years that that this is lived out and then um sometime sometime around 17600 BC this kind of an unknown period in Egypt it's another dark period but Egypt falls apart again it's invaded by people the the high priests are Starting to compete with the Pharaoh's power falls apart again for a couple hundred years and then um this is kind of getting it this

is kind of getting into my new frontier of where I'm studying Egypt uh or or where you know a frontier I haven't ventured off into yet um but eventually a pharaoh and I'm I'm um I'm actually I don't know who this Pharaoh is but another Pharaoh unites Egypt again and you have the you have the reign of the New Kingdom which is a Bit outside my my purview but you know as it goes you have some of the most iconic pharaohs in in Egypt uh you know you have hatchepsut tmos the the thir uh amen

hotep the thir you have Ramsey thei you have ainan during the armar period um uh so you have this you actually have this long reign of of the 18th Dynasty um and the 18th Dynasty ends with basically who might be the greatest Pharaoh you know now we're through this huge time of of stability and prosperity In Egypt you know you have a hatchepsut which is probably the greatest female pharaoh in all of Egypt she's very interesting um this is kind of the rise of the the rise of the New Kingdom after the second falling apart

of Egypt you have the New Kingdom rising and shortly had there been I'm sorry had had there been rules before about their not being a female pharaoh in previous generations of Egyptian there were female pharaohs but you know there were some women who Were able to put themselves in a position where they were able to acquire the Loyalty of the people around them it just worked out perfectly for them uh you have a pharaoh before had chepet in the Middle Kingdom called SOC nephu and uh SOC nephu basically means that the crocodile God is pleased

and she so she was a she was a girl whose name was dedicated to honor the crocodile God and she was a pharaoh for a little bit but we don't know much About her um but then later on at the beginning of the New Kingdom uh you have the start of uh you have the start of of a new great Dynasty I think it's it's the glory of of the 18th Dynasty I believe um and that that's hat chepet and so B basically she is born um she is born to a husband uh um or

I'm sorry her father is tmos I first and uh he's a he's a pretty good pharaoh and she is married to um a man who becomes um a man who is the Pharaoh and he is then named Tutm Mo II but tutos II is is not a very prosperous man uh he doesn't really do a lot for Egypt he doesn't really have a lot of temples in his name and it was kind of a boring rain and hatchepsut unfortunately kind of set in the background and didn't really do much but she was watching and she

was paying attention for about two decades then her husband dies he's given he's given a nice tomb but then had chepot finds herself in a position where she is not Queen of Egypt she is the Pharaoh and uh which is a distinction there and she grabs she literally grabs the bull by the horn and uh she sends her son tutos III on Military campaigns for two decades and they he is just smashing up uh civilization in in in the Middle East near East Mesopotamia beating up on the Hittites bringing all the gold home I mean

this is a very very prosperous time in in Egyptian civilization and Egypt is on top of the world right now they Haven't been here in a thousand years this is about 15400 BC they haven't been at this height since the age of the pyramids a thousand years before Egypt is back and they're rocking the world around them beating up on the Nubians beating up on the Hittites bringing all the gold home the son of the Pharaoh is is the general of the military and the Pharaoh at home she's building Carnac Temple we should look up

carnack Temple it's a with two uh two KS real quick can I just go to the bathroom yeah and we'll we'll be right back all right we're back so we have the Carnac Temple up here did I say that right yes yes so she is hat chepa you know uh the New Kingdom the new kingdom is back and or Egypt is back in the New Kingdom under the reign of hat chipa I mean she is just she and her son is the dynamic duo maybe one of the most interesting parts of Egyptian history Egypt is

back and they are beating up on Everybody and hatchepsut who is the woman who is the sitting Pharaoh not Queen of Egypt she's Pharaoh she's using the military conquest of her son to build some of the most magnificent temples that Egypt has ever seen and she uses this wealth to erect um in in the course of seven months she erects two of the biggest obelisks that the that um ancient Egypt ever erected and and um an obelisk is essentially one long giant Granite Tower and they had to be made Out of granite they couldn't be

made out of limestone because they're they're too long and too heavy and if you try to raise it the weight at the end will snap the monument in half it's got to be made out of granite so right here you can see two of her obelisks now uh I can't convey to you to the size of this it's something you got to see in person I mean like if you were standing next to this you'd look like an ant um absolutely gigantic each of them weigh Uh approximately seven or eight tons and she was going

to erect another one which is the unfinished Obelisk maybe you you could pull up a um a window of this uh it's called The Unfinished Obelisk now this is still in the Quarry down in Awan this is the one I was showing you on my phone of me standing in abely gig is somewhere upwards of oh yeah yeah yeah I saw this picture this is this is estimated now it's huge you were so [ __ ] little you were standing Right in the crevice on the front there yeah yeah and uh now this is a

tributed we don't know for certain but this is attributed to the reign of hat chepa only because she's the only Pharaoh that we know of that erected monuments of this size right um now the reason that that they weren't able to erect this and they don't really know it would have gone probably in Carnac which carac is uh you know you have you have the the city you were talking about earlier Thieves and abidos the this is in um Southern Egypt this is the this is the uh Cultural Center the religious Center of Egypt and

um and it's centered around the modern day city of Luxor and so you would have had U uh you would have had carac Temple you had Carnac temple in Luxor and so this Obelisk probably would have been erected somewhere there and they attribute it to hat hat chepo's rain again cuz she's the only one that erected anything on the scale how do we Know that because when you go you know you fly a drone up to the very top of her Obelisk or they used to build you know Rafters to be able to go up

there and read it there are inscriptions written in Egyptian hieroglyphs carved deep into them at the top of the Obelisk and and hpod is telling uh I I have read the uh it's really interesting I have read the the laments the translations of um uh of her obelis and it's it's very very interesting um you know what it Might be worth pulling up uh would you would you uh pull up uh translation of heep's Obelisk there's some what's that h c h uh yeah h h a t c h e p s u t hatchepsut

Obelisk translation okay the translation of the inscription on HP shits Obelisk includes the line I have set these obelisks before people who shall come into being two hen periods which means 120 years hence theep had elected erected two obelis in East Carnac Egypt to Mark the entrance to the Temple and the location of a precursor to the AK menu yeah the obis were overseen by senut an important official during her Reign so sen senut will become important here in just a second well you know it's something for people to go look up that it there's

there's a full you know um maybe five or six paragraphs translations of her of her Obelisk but before I'm I'm sorry just before we get to the to sentiment I don't want to forget this cuz you Blueballed me earlier off camera with this but the obelis in Central Park you were talking about M unrelated here but it's Egyptian they found this on a boat is that what you were saying what's this story yeah yeah so so there's this great story called Cleopatra's needles and uh and I believe that these are um obelisks that are believed

to have been they were originally um attributed to Cleopatra they were standing in the city of Alexandria which we're slowly getting to um very slowly so uh so um uh so these were two obelis that were that were standing in or there were two obelisks that were standing in Alexandria and they're called Cleopatra's obelisks and uh as The Story Goes I believe it's a it would be a great movie and it's a great New York story um is that the I believe it's the Americans paid you know they um the Americans had a played a

huge role in egyptology and we gave a lot of money To Egypt I mean we we saved the Temple of Abu symbol because it was going to be covered up by water like the the ones in the in the cliff side that we were showing earlier Ramsey's propaganda against the Nubians um that was going to be completely covered up um completely covered up by by the this uh Southern Lake um that it that it set against uh and and the level was Rising cuz they made a new dam and everything and uh or they were

going to make a new dam Something like that um you know that's a whole rabbit hole but they they completely cut up the whole mountain and moved the entire Monument like this entire mountain side and rebuilt it somewhere else uh you know the Egyptians help I mean the Americans help PID for stuff like that and um but this is way later um but uh we essentially bought or purchased uh New York City purchased an obelisk from uh from Egypt and so this is the late 1800s I believe and they put It on a steam engine

Tugboat to take across the Atlantic Ocean so you have the boat that's driving and you have the cargo boat that's attached at the end so they're pulling this this Obelisk from Egypt straight across the Atlantic Ocean to New York City and this storm uh that was that was unexpected you know cast upon this uh this Tu this lug booat and six of the men working on the boat jump across to the tugboat and make sure that the Obelisk is secure but the storm gets So bad that the tugboat actually detaches uh from from the from

you know the weight bearing side detaches from the steam engine and they lose each other during the storm and the uh the steam engine boat is looking around looking around trying to find the uh trying to find the tug boo with the Obelisk on it and they can't find it and and you know they're running out of fuel so they head to New York City with one Obelisk missing and six men Missing that were on that boat that you know are now Castaways at Sea and so it's not too much longer that a British ship

finds an American Tugboat with an obelisk laying on it in the middle of the ocean and so and so the British go well give it to New York they go they go well I'll be damned and they take this thing back to London and so you know oh they took it to London they took it to London and so and so uh the Americans had to then buy it from from the Brits Those sons of [ __ ] so uh so they bring the Obelisk to New York City and how much do we pay for

it I don't know I don't know you know I I heard this story over a year ago um but uh they they then buy it from they then buy it from uh from from London and they bring it to New York City and it was a thing in New York City for uh for weeks it took it it took a long time to get this small small Obelisk this is a this is the tiny Obelisk when you go out there you'll be Impressed by its size but it's it's it's nothing um you know it's uh

it's certainly nothing compared to hat cheps that's Obelisk at carck it's a small Obelisk and so they're taking it from the New York City Harbor and there are these stories of people that would you know go get like a Coke and a snack and they'd set up their little chairs outside outside the uh outside the store and they'd sit down and hang out and watch as this Obelisk went from one end Of the block to the next over the course of an entire day that's how slow they moved it so it took just to go

one block took one day to be able to turn from one street to another took one day and that's how slow it got to Central Park where they erected it again that's a small one so the Egyptians were doing these things quick quick you know quick on a much larger scale what a story though but I got you off sentiment so let's go back there yeah yeah so um you Have great memory with these things um so basically hapsa and her son uh her son tutos III after his father tmos II has passed away they're

kicking ass Egypt is back um now had chepa she never remar's she um she never probably because she doesn't want to give up power you know B born again Christian she's yeah yeah she's the Pharaoh she doesn't want to she doesn't want to give up I couldn't even get a laugh out of Lessie on that one she she doesn't she Doesn't she doesn't remarry which is uh which is kind of strange now I'm going to fast forward and I'm going to rewind real really really quick so after hat chit's death tmos iiii one of the

most prolific pharaohs of ancient Egypt he erases her from history covers up covers up her monuments um and they start scratching her name out of so many of the temple walls and people looked at this for a long time as oh you know he resented his Mom for sending him off to war for for 20 years and you know he didn't become Pharaoh until he was probably in his 30s you know maybe his mid-30s when when she finally passed away um he resented her for that for for shortening his Reign so much and he cleared

her off of all the temple walls and he uh her her giant Obelisk that she has in in in Carnac Temple when you go see it today you can see that there was an there was an ancient wall uh there was another wall Built around it to cover it up because they didn't they didn't pull it down but they put these walls around it to cover it up which is interesting Point um but I don't think he resented his mom I think I think he actually loved his mom uh and I don't think he had

any resentment towards her at at all um while she was Pharaoh she never remarried but she had a lover called senan mut and Sen and mut was the overseer of everything under Haut's Reign it was basically hatchepsut tmos II and then senon mut senon mut he's he's the great overseer but there's uh he's depicted on some Temple walls as having like kind of a as having a little bit of a big gut and a double chin which means you're a powerful guy and uh there's we think that some of the uh that some of the

Tomb Builders um in the Valley of the Kings uh they have this graffiti that we found on the walls and some of their quaries that show a female Pharaoh being bent over with a sort of pudgy man with a double chin like behind her and so it's it's it's tomb workers that that are making graffiti laughing at their boss is screwing the Pharaoh right his dog in the Pharaoh so yeah so so for him he's doging the Pharaoh it's a it's a cool story yeah um and then also hatchet's um hatchet's burial chamber uh she

buries herself with her father she loved she loved her father U actually she went and got her father's Body out of his tomb and buried her with with him like on top of it it's no no no no two two different sarcophagy two different sarcophagy but laying next to each other you made that sound a little edible yeah yeah sorry Sor yeah yeah uh laying next to each other um in in one chamber right that no that's now that's fair what's really what's really interesting is that this chamber um the way that it's facing in

the way that it's facing in the ground Now now I should say hat chepa she dies quite a little bit after sen and mut dies and she she pays for Sen and mut's uh burial chamber and it's a very nice burial chamber it's pointing at an odd Direction underneath the ground usually burial Chambers can be aligned to the east or to the west or you know something that's more recognized uh in the Egyptian understanding of cosmology but his chamber is aligned in this very strange Direction I believe it it's Pointing South uh towards the towards

the uh the Valley of the Kings so you have the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens he's buried north of there and he's facing south towards it uh his chamber goes down south towards it's pointing in a certain direction it's very odd you know it's just not a typical alignment of of a burial chamber and she even though she is a female she's buried in the Valley of the Kings she's one of the furthest Back uh tombs and so she paid for his uh she she built a very elaborate tomb for

him she obviously very much cared about this guy and all we know is is little uh yeah all we know is little rumors that that they you know were yeah I mean that's a very pictoral rumor is yeah yeah yeah and but her tomb that she um that she created for you know her and her father sarcophagy to lay in that one is also facing north and when you look at a diagram she built those tombs to Face each other she was facing him in the afterlife and it was it was it was a secret

that nobody was meant to know other than her I get Goosebump saying that uh yeah it was her secret lover and she wanted to be with him in the afterlife and both she and his tombs face each other under the ground and nobody knew that for they got to make a movie about that I know I know and nobody I get goosebumps like my legs talking about that it's a very cool Story in Egypt um but then she passes away too and tutos III who's a great Pharaoh uh has been a great General becomes a

great Pharaoh starts covering up her name in Egypt and um and starts carving out her name on all the temple walls and uh covers up her great Obelisk that's at Carnac Temple builds like a wall around the Obelisk a lot of people think he did it because he resented his mom um but I don't think that that's the Case I think that his mom did him an absolutely gigantic favor by not marrying anybody else she solidified her son's place on the throne by not marrying sen and mut because had she married sen and mut even

though he was probably a good guy because he stayed with her romantically throughout his entire life he never married she never married um they would have had a child together and that child it would have made sen and mut pharaoh and that Firstborn son would have been Pharaoh rather than tutm Mo III so she why cuz his dad was dead uh well he he has the Precedence oh right right right sorry I blanked out that means tutos the third gets cast to the side right she did him a favor by never marrying another man she

secured even though she didn't like her first husband probably didn't like him he's kind of a loser of a pharaoh um she honored his son tutos III by never Having another son and never remarrying she solidified she allowed him to conquer and become a great General she solidified his Rule and died never being married again sacrifice for him to give him a pathway to become to become the Pharaoh um and it's not until about 20 more years into tutos the third's Reign until he's maybe in his 50s or so that he starts covering up starts

covering up her name and so my idea when I look at this is I think an official decision was Made that it just can't be acknowledged that a woman was ever Pharaoh because it causes too much competition in the palace you don't want women plotting against their husbands or trying to assassinate them right well that would later come to fruition with the whole Cleopatra thing sure you know you don't you don't want you don't want twice as much competition for the throne right and you know this is totally uh projection but it could have been

that One of tutos III that he uh foiled an assassination attempt on himself by a woman who thought that she could be Pharaoh right so it becomes an official political decision to erase his mother from uh from Egyptian history however he makes a very peculiar decision her greatest Monument that she ever erected was the solid Granite 700 ton um Obelisk at carac Temple where on the Obelisk she is essentially describing herself in the honor that she wanted to bring to the Gods and how much she cared about honoring the people of Egypt and honoring the

generations that are going to come after her and um and being a great Pharaoh you know this is her proclamation of her existence he could have easily ripped that thing down if he didn't love her but instead he permanently encased it and preserved it for the future but nobody knew that it was there until you know earthquakes shatter the temple when it falls down And it reveals that his mother's Monument is there and so I think he revered it and he per and he purposely encased it so no one would see it but he didn't

damage it her number one accomplishment um as a monument he didn't damage it so he revered it and I I bet you that you know when that last stone is placed on there he was kind of like you know he's like I hate that I'm doing this but I love you you know it's wild a reverence for her it's wild that The the basic emotions and ties of humanity that exist today in a world that's so different yeah it's just biological it's inherent in people and you can relate it to any time period it's it's

a tale as old as time and you see you see that in that potential Bond right there it's kind of cool yeah it's that is a really wonderful story in in Egypt it's it might be it that that little period from uh Hatchepsut through senmut and tmos III um her son that little Tria that period might be my favorite part of Egypt because I think you see there's a little bit of mystery there and there's a lot of heart there and it's two great two of the greatest pharaohs of all of Egypt and and one

of them you know one of them it's cool that it's a woman that found herself as God on Earth and was a great Pharaoh and had a great son you know a just yeah very very successful story and She essentially lit I mean think about this out of her womb came the maybe the greatest Dynasty that that Egypt ever saw straight out of straight out of this woman's womb and like she gave up something huge by not remarrying to secure that bloodline for her son who then all of his his sons are some of Egypt's

greatest pharaohs um all the way to amen hotep theii and unfortunately Amen hotep theii to Egypt is like Marcus aelius to uh ancient Egypt where beginning of the Fall it's the beginning it's the beginning of the end and um so Marcus relus he obviously has Commodus and um you know it's different in Egypt because you know uh the great for I'm sorry it's different in Rome because the great formula uh in Rome was that the emperor didn't just choose his son he picked the right Heir right well in Egypt it worked out well for for

a while and most of the time it worked out pretty well that your That your you know your son made a pretty good successor and it worked out for a long time in the New Kingdom but eventually amen hotep maybe the most prolific Pharaoh not not nearly my favorite my favorite has to be had chood and Tut MOS II um that combination um but a great Pharaoh uh he has the son um uh anamon and uh anamon becomes pharaoh and this guy turns the Egypt on its head flips it upside down and outlaws the worship

of all other God all other gods Other than the attin which is the sundisk and you know why did he do that we don't know we we don't know the reasoning for it he just you know why was Commodus the way he was he just maybe he's just that way he's just an [ __ ] yeah yeah I think that's I think that's kind of the gist with this guy people either love aanan or hate him and so his he was born a aamon um but he changed his name to aen attin so this is

the attin the Sun the solar disc um and He flips Egypt on his head on its head and he moves the capital from Memphis to this place that he has a vision that he's going to find where the Sun is going to rise in the east between these two Canyons uh and he actually goes out into the middle of the desert perfectly between uh the capital of Memphis and the um and the religious capital of Thieves and abidos and right in the middle of there he wakes up one morning Before Sunrise walks out a little

bit Into the desert Boom the sun comes up between these two between these two mountain ranges this is the new capital of Egypt and um what did he name it uh well there's different names for it I think it's uh let's let's look it up so that I'm sure this is not my expertise um but uh it I refer I refer to it and other people refer to it as as attin but it's also uh it's also called amarna and so this is m a r n a yeah yeah let's just look it up To

be sure all right what do we got during the reign of akatan also known as amarna in historical context the capital of Egypt was AK akatan which is now referred to as armara in modern times the city was specifically built by akatan as his new capital moving away from the traditional Center of THS yeah so okay yeah ancient name amarna so or modern name Amara um but you know with these things with the ancient name it's like you know I've Been using the names kafra kufu yeah it's only it's only the capital for 17 years

though it's yeah it's not very long at all yeah okay so it it even though it's very famous it's very obscure and you know we may not actually know the ancient name of this place but we call it Amara uh and they call it atin or even it's expanded like as the a aatat you know um so you know you have three different names for everything in Egypt so um he moves the Capital to this new place amarna for 17 years and it seems that all the high priests and the officials in Egypt absolutely hate

this choice and he changes the art style of Egypt let's look up a statue of aonan um the okay so oh he changed the oh all the artwork he changed it flipped it all on its head the way the people are depicted uh it's absolutely went away from the stoic kind of thing um in a way yeah yeah it's absolutely sort of alien In nature like oh [ __ ] this looks anunaki it does doesn't it yeah this guy depicted himself very strangely you know Allie see the one in the second row on the far

right second row yep far right that one yeah yeah look at that wow yeah uh very different than previous than than uh than previous pH oh my God he's doing the Riz face that guy I can't believe I'm the one saying that don't even get me don't get me Started we do not claim him okay I won't go any further a little [ __ ] OIC ad all right anyway uh go to the one that's just left of that if you would oh wow look at that that's that's spooky looking um but this was this

is actually kind of a subtle change from their art from their art style but when you live with the art style for so long like you know you study Egypt I recognize yeah I recognize so many so many differences here now this is just The initial change you know imagine the Precedence that this set that the that you know Egyptian High priests and all the officials are very worried about So eventually um aanan and his wife Nefertiti which Nefertiti was the standard of Beauty in ancient Egypt I mean that's well known her the bust that

they found of hers like this little head statue that they found in a workshop uh in the ruins of amarna is absolutely beautiful yeah this is worth worth Pulling up just pull up Nefertiti Neti yeah so his wife absolutely beautiful but this was the this was the heretical couple in ancient Egypt I mean these guys flipped Egypt on their head changed the changed the artwork which wasn't meant to be changed you didn't you didn't mess with the artwork there was no like interpretive oh this is my version no no that artwork artwork was sacred in

Egypt God that that is beautiful yeah I've seen this a million times I mean like the Egyptians she's a rocket the as far as we know these these busts like this uh weren't made in Egypt outside of the armana period And I mean wow that's freaking beautiful they should have they should have kept that you know at least or maybe this did maybe this did exist before and we just have very scanned evidence of it but um you know love that love that that little statue bust of her um but you know um they changed

you know They just they just disrupted the stability uh of Egypt um you know like so many of the of the bad pharaohs did So eventually they die and his son is actually his son's name is tutank atin tutank atin yeah two tank Aon um and his son is a young kid and he has this uh vizer over him whose name is I and I is kind of he's he's basically the Pharaoh um you know two tank atin is just a little boy and you know he doesn't really know what he's doing probably at All

ever during during his Reign um and the the overseer eye is basically telling him you know why don't we take the capital back to Memphis why don't we restore all the old gods I think everybody in Egypt would really like you if you did that I think that'd be a very good decision for you to make young man so he does it and he changes his fonic name from two tank atin to two tank amen which is King Tut this is who this is now all of these officials because The Amara period was such a

weak period and he's such a weak unstable Pharaoh uh King Tut now is not in a good position as a pharaoh everyone around him has leverage over him he's having to answer for the sins of his father uh it's not a stable time for him at all and uh he probably has extremely reduced power as a pharaoh and he's probably answering to all the officials around him who probably have manipulated him and and in his eyes these people are a lot smarter Than he is and you know um even though officially it's not the case

to this kid uh he probably just has no idea what he's doing you know he's raised from all these officials who are using him for their own benefit you know what I mean he's just a he's just an outlet for everyone else's power people are are are ruling through him he's a puppet and uh at some point along the way uh King Tut dies as a young kid uh he's probably maybe just younger than 20 years old and It's a big mystery as to how he died they think maybe he got sick they think you

know maybe he was poisoned uh there's even evidence to he was smited and hit over the back of the head um and and killed but he's given a good burial with uh with lots of riches inside of his tomb I mean like his tomb is one of the richest tombs ever discovered maybe the richest tomb ever discovered and um but he's just a he's just an unimportant obscure Pharaoh in ancient times he was He was not important he's important us because they accidentally found his tomb and it was full of so much gold that it

kickstarted the age of archaeology he's important to us he's not important to the ancient Egyptians they kick him off to the side and during this little period between um King Tut uh dying and the next Pharaoh which is I which is his overseer right the the the basically the guy who raised him after his dad dies how convenient that guy becomes the next Pharaoh yeah uh during this little time period uh tutank Aman's sister writes the hittite king the people that the Egyptians just the generation before were going and beating up on these guys and

taking all their gold and taking their women back to Egypt she writes to the hittite king please please send me one of your princes I will not marry a commoner I'm scared and it's showing that people are coming For her she disappears they they uh the hittite sends one of the hittite king is like this this can't be real I mean really sure okay well who wants to go sends one of his sons that son is encountered in the Sinai desert and slaughtered his that that HTI Prince is killed and we never hear from Tuten

and's sister ever again so the children of aatan are slain and the new Pharaoh I steps in I is not a very good pharaoh and his tomb is like Torn apart later on um it's shortly after this that in the 21st 22nd 23rd Dynasty that Egypt just falls apart you know these people have gotten so much power around the pharaoh's Throne that everyone wants to be Pharaoh now do we know know how large the population is at this point you said earlier when we were looking at previous dynastes it was like a million this is

still about a million people still about a million so it doesn't really grow no kind of stays Consistent uh yeah yeah I mean interesting and lines up pretty much you know with what we know about them they wanted things to to keep running the way it was you know um and so Egypt begins to fall off at this point uh this is around you know 1100 to 1,000 BC which actually lines up with the Bronze Age collapse yeah you know you have the fall of of meinian civilization you have the the fall of so many

civilizations around the Mediterranean for an absolutely Unknown number of causes and Egypt Falls at this time too um uh there's this time period during the 22nd Dynasty where the city of Tannis that's that's shown in Egypt this is why Tannis is famous um it the religious capital of the biblical city of pyrames is moved because the Nile is yet again changing its course and the city starting to get flooded so they they take all these different monuments from all these previous dynasties and Build a new capital at the city of Tannis and it's run by

you know an obscure Pharaoh a guy who thinks he's pharaoh of Egypt um but really he's just like the controller of the upper um of Upper Egypt and then uh or I'm sorry of Northern Egypt and then the controller the guy who's who's ruling over lower or Southern Egypt is this high priest of amoon and Egypt is just really not it's really not looking good at this time the one of the high Priests of amoon um During the 22nd Dynasty he starts he goes and does an inspection of the Valley of the Kings which is

you know that this sacred place where so many of the Great pharaohs are are buried like hatch epsod is buried there SEI II is buried there um a few of the Rams are are buried there um King Tut is buried there um he goes in and does an inspection of it and he realizes that all the tombs have been robbed you know the the the Egyptian people are so poor Now that they're completely robbing and vandalizing everything in Egypt and so uh he carries out this um he carries out this um mission where he goes

and gathers all of the pharaoh's uh bodies um that are still that are still remaining where the pharaoh's bodies haven't been pulled out like all their riches are gone but at least the the tomb Raiders are decent enough in these you know specific cases to not you know desecrate the body of the Pharaoh so This one guy gathers up all these um extremely important pharaohs and uh you know I think it's like had chood and Ramsey is the second and uh tutm Mo's tutm Mo's the first and and uh maybe tutm Mo's the third as

well um gathers up all these great bodies and moves all their bodies to this secret cach and I think that the cash is called dearl baly some of these are are Arabic names that I'm not remembering right now um but it's the it's this famous cache that an Archaeologist found you know um around the turn of the century and um and you know it had all these Pharaoh's bodies in it but this you know this one Pharaoh or this high priest of am Moon makes an effort to hide all of these pharaohs because Egypt is

just falling apart it's just an indication that we're reaching another intermittent intermediate period um and then you know at some point after uh some point after the 22nd Dynasty um you know uh within within a few Centuries well I should say um you have the Nubians that finally come up from the south and they conquer Egypt and the Nubians finally have their day they conquer Egypt for about 150 years and what's funny is these guys have been so influenced by you know they almost have Stockholm Syndrome from from from the Egyptians they've been beat up

on by the Egyptians so much that they started to admire them and wanted to become Egyptians so they marched forward during This period of instability and they Smite the Egyptian uh you know the these minor pharaohs Smite all of them and Conquer All of Egypt and they actually become more Egyptian than the Egyptians they are actually good pharaohs and as far as we know rule over the people fairly justly um and they have their day for about 150 years and they're great pharaohs um and eventually for one reason or another they end up leaving Egypt

and they go back down south and They establish um their own mini Egypt called the kingdom of kush and these are the kushite people B um yeah so uh uh these these are the kushite people and they have their own mini Egypt like if you if you look up uh if you look up some of their monuments you're like wait that's not Egyptian nope it's it's a Nubian Dynasty that left Egypt and built their own mini Egypt so you know we're somewhere around 900 to 700 BC here uh shortly up on the Greeks shortly after

This uh the Persians see that Egypt is ripe is ripe for the taking so the Persians come in and uh there's a uh there's a great Pharaoh that I say great Pharaoh um oh look up the name of the of the first pharaoh the first Persian Pharaoh if you would um his name his name always escapes me first Persian Pharaoh cambes the second Camp ises yeah yeah yeah I always I always forget his name um anyways Camp ises he come he comes in Egypt and and you know he has No reverence nor respect for the

Egyptians uh you know a lot of civilizations have pride in their own civilizations but you know a few of them stand out the Egyptians stand out the Romans stand out the Greeks stand out the Persians stand out they have you know a certain amount of pride so this Persian king comes into Egypt camp ises and you know like Garrett was saying uh he stabs the sacred apis Bull and and Slaughters it Which is not something you want to do if you want to uh be a compelling ruler to the people of the place that you've

just conquered so um the Egyptians for about 200 years two or 300 years they they hated the they hated Persian rule it was an oppressive rule um people who uh in all fairness probably grew up uh through centuries of indoctrination that the Egyptians were evil people who came up here to our land and slaughtered the people before us and took all of their Women and gold and you can see how this Imperial of Egypt beating up on everyone around them is finally caught up and everyone around them doesn't like Egypt anymore so the Persians have

showed up they've conquered and they just disrespect Egypt and basically kick its ass every time they come in you know just disrespecting Egypt Egypt's in this very poor period um and the Persians have also been trying to encroach on uh Greece you know uh you have the uh the Uh oh my goodness what's what's the great battle of 300 um with with leonitis yeah you know you have you have where they tried to invade um they tried to invade uh Greece but though you know those uh 300 Spartans and it was like 9,000 Athenian or

900 Athenian soldiers they they fended off Xerxes and gave the Athenians enough time to go war in Athens and be like hey I know we're all fighting right now but you know get your [ __ ] together the Persians are at the Freaking door you know so the Persians they've been knocking on the door of Greece now now they have and the reason they're able to do that the reason the Persians are able to fund huge Empire is because they have the Grainery they have the bed the Bread Basket of the Mediterranean where does all

the grain come out of the Mediterranean whereas the vast majority of it come out comes out of Egypt so Egypt is fueling the Persian Empire it's it's the one that's Providing because you know you got to put a calory count on everything how many billions of calories does it take to fund your army where are you going to get all that from you get it from Egypt you conquer Egypt you can do anything because you have all the food in the world your I mean your soldiers are are fueled up and ready to fight so

uh you know but they can't quite push into into Greece you know that's one of the things that makes Greece so amazing Um they can't quite push into Greece and around the year um around the year oh gosh I want to say it's 350 BC you have this great king named Philip II who threw very much prowess on an peripheral country or peripheral um you know territory in Greece of the the king of Macedon wait Philip was Alexander's father yes yeah he is able to through his cunning and and a bit of military expertise that

he learned when he was a like a captive in The city of Thieves which is thieves Greece not thieves Egypt you know he learns to become a great military General and he also learns Greek politics and he's able to unite uh Greece under Macedonian rule which is crazy we could spend a whole podcast on like how this little peripheral civilization captured all of Greece at this time and uh so then you know he's assassinated uh he's assassinated at I believe a wedding In front of his son Alexander and Alexander is basically put at this point

where the Persians are still knocking on the front door of Macedonia and you know he really doesn't have a choice here he has got to take his 50 some odd thousand soldiers and turn and and go continue what his father intended to you know launch an assault on the um on the Turkish basically the Turkish coast of where these so there were a bunch of Greek cities on the Turkish Coast that were captured by the Persian Empire and what Philip had planned was to essentially go out there and free these uh free these Greek uh

these Greek cities that were under Persian Rule and that was I think it was the extent of his plan uh so Alexander you know takes this on and he in this 23y old with his 50 some thousand men heads off into the Persian Empire and the Persians don't really take him seriously in the same way that the rest In the same way that the rest of the Greeks didn't take him seriously so sure enough like at the beginning of his campaigns he somehow catches uh Persia you know on their back foot and he knocks them

down and you know before we know it he's already well into you know Israel Gaza area and you have some really big battles there where he almost kills uh dasas the third uh you know he even rides out in front of the army and throws that spear at at dasas and dasas Runs off and eventually dasas is is killed by his own people up hiding up in the mountains toen Stone actually had a lot of great Insight we spent like maybe a half hour on Alexander the Great and it was he was a guy who

this year like I had really started studying a little more about but yeah the the Conquering mentality that that guy had and the a the young age at which he set out to do it and the short life he lived but the scope of what he pulled off Is it's breathtaking I mean it's I don't think it's ever been I don't think anything like that's ever been done since before it or it will ever be done again I mean we look at people who who built huge Empires and whatever over a much longer period of

time by the way not to take away from their ability to conquer a land but not in eight years dude what he did for the time period he did it in in and the resources that they had in that time Period compared to what you could do now with an army absolutely [ __ ] Bonkers yeah it is it is so you know within just a couple years um uh the King of Persia D theii he's actually killed by his own men uh you know he he runs off he flees from from uh he flees

from Alexander the Great Alexander chooses not to chase him because he's G he's gonna get his army slaughtered if he does that and in the meantime um dasas III his men assassinate him and And now Persia is really unstable and so rather than pushing forward towards Babylon uh Alexander makes the smart decision and he turns South to capture Egypt which you need if you're going to push deep into Persian territory and you know he kind of wipes Persia Up and Down clean just to establish hey you know within a couple years Persia is already toppled

they already know he's coming for Babylon he's going to cat the whole thing but then after that you got to go Clean up every single little city who thinks no we're not going to give in to Alexander and he's got to go knock him down you know he's got to do all that to fund all of that you got to go get Egypt real quick so he heads into he heads into Egypt and the Persians flee and boy the gates open the Egyptians are like thank you so much for being here they were glad that

Alexander was there or at least history tells us as such um because Alexander's approach to it was At least as it's toll you know is I'm Alexander uh you know I'm I'm Alexander you're now free you know that was the that was the mentality but obviously he's conquering Egypt at the same time too um but he returns religion to Egypt and he takes he takes being the Pharaoh seriously he loved Egypt um you know like all Greeks all Greeks did Greeks have ad had admired Egypt this is now they romantic this is now this is

331 BC uh the Egyptians have long revered Egypt For over over a thousand years before this point um and he had heard about Egypt in his favorite childhood book you Homer's ilad and the Odyssey and in there odys gets lost after the Trojan War uh in the Mediterranean Sea and he lands on this island uh called faros Island this is you know this is in Homer's writing and so Alexander is intrinsically fascinated by this and so while he's in Egypt he goes to visit Memphis you know um and I believe on his Way to the

uh to the Sinai Oasis where he's going to be you know told by the uh by the high priest of zusa moon which is this combination between a Greek and Egyptian god that you know basically this is where he can go out to the Sinai Oasis meet with this Oracle so you had an Oracle in Deli Greece you had another Oracle a Greek oracle um in Egypt that was out at this little Oasis in the middle of the desert that he had to take this long journey to uh and if he went And did this

journey and he was proclaimed you know the son of zeusa moon uh he could officially become Pharaoh something you had to do you know so during this journey he stops off uh on the northern coast of Egypt now like we've said earlier the Egyptians aren't Coastal people they're not Mediterranean people they're not really sailing out into the Mediterranean they would do it for trade expeditions to get materials they were doing that all the way back in 2700 BC getting those Cedars of Lebanon to put in the pyramids um but the not you know really Sailors

in the way that that the Greeks have been for a long time now um so on that Mediterranean coast of Egypt there's not a lot out there and we're following Alexander's footsteps through this you know we know exactly what was going on there's so much literature at this time um you know it's amazing we know more about Alexander we can follow Alexander's Footsteps through his whole life we know more about him than we know about Jesus you know um just following his life you know there there's huge chapters of Jesus life that that are just

lost 31 basically yeah and um so we know that when Alexander uh when he went out he basically what he wanted to do out of pure curiosity was go find faros Island that was mentioned in uh Homer's Homer's ilad in The Odyssey and so he goes along the coast and he finds an area that he With an island that he thinks oh this this must be it and so on this little island uh was this little village called uh rotus I believe and it was really just a fishing Village that's all it was was people

who lived on the peripheral of Egyptian civilization and they're just out there fishing every day you know that's all they do and they maybe pay a little bit of fish tax back to the government if the government ever comes around this this place you know what I Mean this is way way out on the peripherals of Egypt out in the middle of nowhere basically um and you know probably what happened was that there is this story uh you know from the Bronze Age cuz that's when you know the ilad and the Odyssey happened if odys

whoever this person is really did arrive on the shores of Egypt probably faros Island really means Pharaoh's Island and when he arrived he said what is this place and this people said Pharaoh's this is The pharaoh's Place Pharaoh means great house it's you know this place belongs to the Pharaoh you're in the pharaoh's land so that's kind of where this loose interpretation becomes and it's only you know uh I don't know three or four or it's 3 or 400 years after the Trojan War that Homer actually writes his zad and the Odyssey so you know

you probably have this miss a little bit understanding words here anyways Alexander finds this island that he was Looking for and when he's there it hits him you know he's he had always wanted to build a city in his name and he built like 10 alexandrias uh throughout throughout um ancient history like there's a joke in archaeology you know or in in if you're studying Classics and people say name name 10 classic cities you can say Alexandria because there were 10 cities that he tried to establish the only one that lasted was in Egypt which

was great because it's The best one um um Al Alexander being a Greek he recognized the importance of building on on an island and building next to big bodies of water and how that could be a defensive structure you know because the G the Greek Isles there's all these cities on these islands and they're great uh they provide great fortification so he gets he jumps off of his horse and he and he's looking around for some chalk and they don't have any So he grabs some grain out of one of the saddle bags and he

lays down he says this is where my city is going to be built we have the Mediterranean Sea on one side MH uh we have this great lake on the other side we're going to build it right in this little strip of land and he goes he goes uh where's some chalk and they're like we don't have any chalk and so he grabs one of grain out of one of the saddle bags starts laying the grain down he gets on his knees and He's like laying out the city he's he says like you know okay

the ocean breeze comes from this way we're going to build we're going to build the roads where the ocean breeze will cool the people down cuz freaking hot in Egypt so we're going to concentrate uh you know we're going to concentrate the air to Tunnel down uh to Tunnel down these Alleyways to cool the people down in the city he's like laying out for this paradise and he's telling you know his uh he's telling his Basically his viers to or his Architects write this down write this down you know and so they're writing it down

and everything as he's laying out in chalk and all of a sudden these seabirds they come up and Gobble up gobble it all up in front of him and uh you know just ruin his plan and he's just he's very distraught by this bad Omen and you know his his right-hand guys is like toomy who's his best friend uh basically reassure him and they say He was more than a best friend well well I think you're thinking uh uh heian oh yeah that's right that's right I got it backwards so so to me uh you

know that that was probably strictly platonic uh CU to me you know he ended up having a wife and all that good stuff later on um but uh you know all of his friends tell him um you know this this isn't a bad Omen what this is telling you is that the city that you're going to lay out is going to is going to feed many nations It's going to feed people for generations to come you know that's what the that's what these seabirds gobbling up the plant the grain that you laid out for your

city that's what that means it's a good omen not a bad Omen so it kind of reassured him well you know he leaves the he leaves his Architects there he leaves a part of his team there in Alexandria and he's got the whole power of of the Nile behind him and he's saying get started on this on this city So Alexander moves on he goes out to The sewa Oasis becomes pharaoh and then he go heads off to to conquer the person Empire um during this time we don't know how much but the laying of

the foundations of the city of Alexandria has begun it's probably moving rapidly um and so you know that's 330 that's the spring of 331 BC and uh and Alexander dies eight years later or in 323 BC Alexander dies and when all of his men are standing around him and they say who Should your kingdom go to and he says to the fittest and it dies you know and then they all have to fight over what does that mean So eventually it gets sorted up um among among all of his friends and his his best friend

other than haisan uh his best platonic friend I should say uh he because he had obviously shown so much interest in Egypt while they were there you know told him he was very into Egypt uh he was gifted Egypt to be the overseer of Egypt well you know all I don't know seven to 10 of of Alexander's friends overseeing all the different portions of his Empire eventually turned into what we call the successor Wars where they're all fighting against each other and when Alexander's Macedonian Empire eventually eventually breaks into all these different kingdoms well toomy

really has no choice now but to become pharaoh of Egypt so toomy is the first Greek Pharaoh of ancient Egypt and this brings In Egypt's last Terah the toic period so you have the three great toies toomi 1 toomy 2 toi 3 um all three of these guys especially to me two and three they begin on Alexandria's most iconic monuments um the toames the first toames were very obsessed with literature and knowledge and Gathering knowledge um and it eventually becomes what call what we call the library Wars where you have you know the library of

Ephesus and pergamum and the library of of Babylon all Waring Against each other and like uh conspiring against each other against each other through Espionage to get the original cop copies of ancient text and get the most original copies it's an interesting time um uh but to me 1 2 and 3 lay the foundations for the Library of Alexandria they lay the foundations for the museion of Alexandria and toy even goes out of his way to capture the body of Alexander because he died in Babylon as it's traveling back to Macedonia to Be buried probably

with his father Philip II toam me goes out there and stops IT and kills you know presumably one of his old friends who is transporting Alexander's body captures the body brings it back to Egypt has him mummified like a pharaoh buried in a Pharaoh's solid gold coffin and then buried um in Egypt right across the street from the Library of Alexandria why do you have to kill the guy who is moving the body cuz they they weren't Friends anymore you know uh Egypt's uh um Alexander's Empire is now divided among different kingdoms and all of

his old friends are Waring against each other I know but if he so powerful just step away from the body or I'm going to shoot you yeah no well no he had to he had to venture outside of Egypt into a different Kingdom I know but he can send some men you know what I mean well you know that's these guys they always just got to take heads off in history I know I know very annoying so so he brings his body back and so uh you have uh uh I think you you have you

have this iconic road called uh SoMo road which goes right down the heart of of um of Alexandria and um you know it connected to the Library which is next to the museon these two the library and the museon this is where we get the Museum from oh that's where we get the term yeah this this is uh this is the world's first University this is two this is the World's first place of learning it actually had lecture halls and and uh you know these big 80 180 degree lecture Halls made out of marble steps

with these uh circular roofs on top um one of which still exists today it's called com ala and uh beneath these huge Granite pillars uh of of this little lecture hall of the Library of Alexandria is where I met toen stone for the first time no [ __ ] wait how'd you meet him there was that just random or did you Meet in Alexandria yeah we you met up there yeah that's where we met up okay I I thought you just like ran into them I was like that would be yeah so that's interesting so

we met up uh on the peripherals of the Library of Alexandria the University of Alexandria and so I walk in I walk by one of these 180 degree you know solid uh solid stone or St solid marble stepped uh lecture Halls where you know uh hpia who's this great woman from Alexandria um you know this Is probably a place where she would have stood and and taught the students there you know you walk around that and there these huge Granite columns here that are leading to probably the Library of Alexandria itself which is buried beneath

the modern city and standing beneath the last Granite column on this long uh walkway was tolden Stone and when I walked around the corner so that you know that's where you know we we walked up and and met for the first time That was really cool so it's um it is uh to me the 1 the second and third the first pharaohs of uh uh that that begin around 320 BC uh the first pharaohs of of Egypt's last 300 year harah they they lay the foundations for the library the museon they build Alexander's maalum and

all three of these are on the on the same street corner uh you know you can imagine how important that place how important that place is the thing that they do is something that's really Curious and it's kind of a it's kind of a testament um to Odus at the end of of the Odyssey he sees you know presumably it's it's at night and he sees a light coming from faros Island and that's what guides them there um you know according to my understanding uh or an interpretation of of the story right and so we

think that they are hearkening back to that by creating an unmistakable light on the Harbor of faros Island and they create the world's first Lighthouse and uh the lighthouse is basically exactly the same and we think that they were trying to make it even if it's not exactly correct exactly the same height as the Great Pyramid it's it's with you know it's within a margin of error of being the same height of the Great Pyramid and it's constructed entirely out of 65 ton red Awan Granite Stones a 65 ton red Awan Granite Stone you're are

now back I was going to say at the monumentality of the chambers in the Great Pyramid we talked about this earlier yeah it's back now what they what the Greeks are doing what I think that they're doing the first toames they know they're not Alexander the Great they're not they're not God on Earth there are people who fell into place and the Egyptians aren't stupid you know they and the Egyptian officials aren't stupid they know that Alexander went off and he Died and now these are his buddies that show back up and they have to

rule Egypt they can't do anything about it but it's important for stability for you to be able to convince the Egyptian people that you can rule over them so what do they do the well the Greeks are very smart very Innovative they really care about science they really care about architecture they want to get to the heart of the Egyptian people and what exists let's say in the back of Egyptians mind at the very heart they know that once upon a time they were the greatest civilization on earth and the pyramids are a symbol of

that but they're also ruled by GRE now it's a new civilization it's greo Egyptian civilization in the in the capital of Egypt has now moved to Alexander city Alexandria so what they do is they say we're going to build on a scale the size of which the Egyptians haven't seen in Almost 3,000 years we're going to bring it back and we're going to show the Egyptians what we're going to be once again so they build this Lighthouse solid 65 ton red Awan Granite Stones almost exactly the same height within a margin of Vera being the

same height as the Great Pyramid and it there's a uh there's a fire that's burning at the top with this bronze mirror um that is spinning around it and it's basically casting a beacon of light out into the Mediterranean you know telling people this is a safe shelter they wanted people from outside Egypt to migrate to Egypt and they wanted to you know build a new capital but also convince the Egyptian people that they could return to what once was and all of the literature about Alexandria tells us that even though all the great amazing

things that in spite of all the great amazing things that we've seen that the Egyptians built prior to this this was The peak of their civilization they all the literature tells us that this was the most magnificent thing most magnificent City ever built in Egypt Memphis the long-standing capital from the beginning of of Egyptian civilization um up until Alexander conquers it you know aside from like arara and things like that these little places is where the capital moves Memphis didn't hold a candle to what Alexandria was and it was so Monumental And so moving that

later on when Augustus annexes Alexandria and he visits it for the first time he's astonished at the quality of the City Rome is just a city of mud bricks at the time of of Julius Caesar and Alexandria it's not an impressive City it became an impressive city with a precedence that the emperor should be building these fascinating marble statues because he was influenced because the the first emperor was so moved by Alexandria and How impressive that city was the symbolism and the the head nods to the history of the construction and what they did there

is incredible and like how it started and the guy who came there to conquer this place and then they name it after him it's mythical in a lot of ways and it's and it's much newer comparatively speaking in history than you know the other things we look at across this 27,000 year Pharaoh history of Egypt but It's it's truly amazing and then the influence it has on society like you said because now now we're bringing it full circle we're bringing it full circle from the very beginning of the first podcast we did here before this

where we were talking about you spending time in Egypt with toen stone who we've mentioned today who was episodes 251 and 252 if you haven't seen him absolutely amazing YouTube channel he's I said this in the last episode sorry to repeat it But the guy is a PhD in Rome and and Greek history and truly incredible has written a bunch of books on it unbelievable source of knowledge but you were going through Egypt with him where he was basically giving a full outline of all the all the Roman stuff that was built over or on

top of among however you want to say it the Egyptian work that they've done there because they wanted to kind Of put their own artistic spin on it yeah got to take a little sip of water there keep going you've been a machine all day yeah thank you um so um well okay so kind of just just just capping off the very the very end of the toames um sorry I I I I know you're good man there's always something so capping off the very end of the toames um you know toic civilization um there's

there again there's a lot of gray spots because Alexandria has been so covered up you know uh the height of Alexandria continued into the Roman time uh you know the height of Alexandria is about from its founding uh 331 BC or I should say Alexandria in its ancient form and its most legendary form that you know we have so much writing of but such little archaeological evidence of because so of it so much of it was destroyed um existed from 331 BC until uh 365 ad um it was burned To The Ground by The Romans

not just once you know they say the LI the burning of Alexandria's library that happened five times um and then to cap it all off uh Alexandria was destroyed by a cataclysmic tsunami in 365 ad it was so um so catastrophic that one of the uh plenty I think it it's plenty the younger or plenty the Elder uh he comes down on this Rescue Mission uh to kind of you know help the you know like a like a relief mission for for uh the people who just experienced this Catastrophe in Alexandria and he records that

50,000 people have gone missing and all the boats in the harbor have now landed or have now docked on top of the rubble of the city of of Alexandria and the location of Alexandria's library and the location of Alexander's maalum are completely lost after this that's how catastrophic it is um and you know after this the blocks of the blocks of the city are qued to to now create you know uh Christian Alexandria a Christian and Jewish Alexandria then it becomes you know Islamic Alexandria and then you know it just evolves and evolves through Medieval

Times into what it is today you know like Colonial British Alexandria so all of the city is is gone there's nothing left other than a few little tiny fragments of the ancient city um but getting towards the end of the of the toames you say about about the Midway through the to through the toames toam the 10th so you know you Know now 10 Generations in uh Egypt is not doing well at all and toy the 10th is described as as desecrating Alexander's uh tomb and melting down the gold that was used on Alexander's sarcophagus

and all of the gold that was you know on like the rings on his fingers or you know whatever whatever gold was was in his burial uh he melted all of it down to use as currency and replaced Alexander's tomb with what they call a crystal coffin it's probably Alabaster or something like that or maybe it really was crystal um although I don't know where they would where they would get that from and you know he's probably using the money money for the same purpose that a lot of the later toies begin using their money

for and it's to pay Roman soldiers to keep them in power Rome just like it does in all these other places kind of hangs back on its own and goes oh you need me well okay I guess I'll come help you Out and they put their foot in and then just wait for the right time you know that that's what Rome did as a republic it you know Rome Rome had an Empire before it had an emperor you know it was The Reluctant conqueror you know what I mean uh so the toames hired the Egyptians

or hired the Romans to bring their soldiers in to keep them in power to keep the Egyptians at Bay to stop them from revolting this is going on for a long long time until you get to um Until you get to toomy the 12th actually uh actually I guess it's only on for a few Generations but these must have been longlived Generations cuz this is 150 to now uh you know it's about 110 years or so so now you're at 50 BC we have we have uh we have toomy the 12th and um toy the

12th decides to take his family on a little vacation down to Memphis some to me finally vacation yeah yeah because toies didn't leave Alexandria they never Even visited other places in Egypt and so he takes his family on this family vacation they take a little trip down to Memphis and what would they have seen while they were in Memphis well they would have definitely been taken to uh what the Egyptians uh called the burial of the of the Sacred bull this is this is the apis the apis Bulls and so uh told me the 12th

he's taking um he's he's taking his family there and uh one of his young daughters is named Cleopatra and she is seeing all of these Egyptian sites she she's like on a little History tour of Egypt as a little kid she's seeing all these sites around Egypt and she's seeing all these people speak speak Egyptian she's like why doesn't my father speak Egyptian why doesn't any anybody in my family speak Egyptian we rule over these people shouldn't we speak their language no toomy ever learned to speak Egyptian no toomy ever learned to read the Hieroglyphs

as far as we know uh no toomy actually subscribed uh and worship the Egyptian gods they were um in a way they freed the Egyptians from Persian rule and then oppressed them under Greek rule you know you get what I'm saying and something about that struck a chord with Alex with with Cleopatra and she didn't think that that was right and um and she wanted to be like a she wished that these people had a good Worthy ruler over them and she probably heard how much people talk negatively about her father her father was basically

he was he was a fiddle player that's you know like Nero was fiddling while Rome Burns that's the way that people perceive her father and her grandfather and her great-grandfather and you know all the people before them and so she you know probably stung how bad of rulers her entire family had been so she spent a lot of time in Alexandria's Library really cared about that Library she learned to speak Egyptian uh I think as well as nine other languages so she spoke Greek she spoke Greek Macedonian well she probably spoke Macedonian she spoke Greek

and then uh ancient Greek you know and then she learned to speak Egyptian as well as the languages of the civilizations around her that Egypt closely um communicated with and you know without taking you through another hour of just Cleopatra because again it's so much more recent we know so much about her she comes into power and this this lady is fullon Egyptian and for and for people out there what years are we in oh we're between you know uh we're between 45 BC and 30 BC 44 BC and 30 BC um and you know

of course she seduces uh juliia Caesar and really it's it's to she knows that Rome is on the doorstep and so the only thing she can do because the the Toames don't have their own Army the Rome made sure that the toies didn't have their own Army you know that's very smart for Rome to do so she is now when when she Rises to power and she becomes Egypt which you know we can go we'll just accept the fact that she has somehow become become Pharaoh her her her little brother dies a lot of people

died around her yes and she is able to become Pharaoh which is great for Egypt uh she's the only one that was worthy of The throne and uh and this woman is fullon Egyptian she you know of course she uh honors her Greek side like she she names one of her later Sons Alexander um but you know it's funny she doesn't name any of her sons to me she skips everyone in her familial line all the way back to Alexander skips jumps over everybody she only really you know maybe she loved her dad maybe she

respected to me the first but she really respected Alexander and wanted to be Like Alexander and so she named one of her sons Alexander under uh one of Mark Anthony's children um but she is fully intent on restoring Egypt to the way it was in the ancient days and restoring the religion of Egypt you know she keeps some keeps some of the Greek gods to keep all of the Greeks living in Alexandria happy but she fully plans on returning Egypt back to its power but you know you can't do it in the same way that

you can't be isolationist the way Egypt used to be in ancient times because the Mediterranean the economy of the Mediterranean is growing up so much and now Rome has a complete foot you know has its foot in the door and is preventing the toames from basically kicking out the Roman army cuz now you know Egypt has a contract with with Rome and they providing all the grain to feed Rome like you know Egypt was the was the Bread Basket of Rome Egypt eat all the food in Egypt all the bread in Egypt Came I'm sorry

all the bread in Rome came from Egypt so what can Cleopatra do well she can seduce one of these big members of the you know Roman political realm this very powerful man julus Caesar and if she can marry this man and form an alliance with him well she's taking care of the threat of Rome at that point and if she can convince him to move the capital of Rome to Alexandria boy what a political move that is oh yeah sure enough Julius Caesar that's exactly what he wanted to do and of course he's he's murdered

in the Forum and he was told not to go back but you know he spent a lot of time in Egypt with Cleopatra and as he's sailing down the Nile getting to see the pyramids they sleep underneath the they camp out for a night underneath the Sphinx um you know he goes on this great adventure where he's being treated as God on Earth because you know he's seen he's seen as maybe he's maybe he's going To be the new Pharaoh so they worship him like a God and he realizes whoa this is a lot this

is like you know Emperors don't exist at this time he was drunk on the power and said I want to drink yeah he was like he's like I might be more than just a I might be more than just a Roman maybe I maybe I kind of am Like This Woman's great great great great great great great great grandfather Alexander the Great you know even though he's not really a Grandfather but whatever you know that's the way he's perceiving it he's like like he's like I grew up admiring Alexander loving Alexander you know to the

point that I'm crying because I can't you know I haven't achieved as much as he did now I've kicked ass and conquered the world you know in the same way that he has maybe now I can be pharaoh of Egypt like he did you know maybe I am more than just some Roman maybe I am a God you know now I can Marry one of Alexander's descendants you know you can imagine the way this guy is thinking and so they warn him not to go you know the people around him warn him not to go

to The Forum sure enough he's a assassinated um she wasn't done though she wasn't done Cleopatra at this point um she eventually uh she returns to Alexandria you know flees back to Alexandria and uh she begins a love affair with uh Julius Caesar's cousin Mark Anthony and um you know and we think that this is of those things where you know Mark Anthony is a very powerful man too uh controls not all of Julius Caesar's wealth but had his own wealth you know Augustus was named the heir of Julius Caesar um and so now Augustus

and and Mark Anthony are kind of Rivals Mark Anthony flees to uh flees to Alexandria and you know he probably had a relationship like a friendship with Cleopatra and you know you can just Imagine that like they're they're closer in age Mark Anthony and Cleopatra and so you can imagine when Julius Caesar steps out of the room they like maybe make eyes at each other you get what I'm saying think about like the human aspect they these two people have known each other for a little while and probably saw each other as comparable mates if

anything ever happened to the big guy you know maybe not in a disrespectful way but you get What I'm saying you know they probably both knew that and um and so he returns back to returns back to Alexandria in a place that he's comfortable with a woman that he probably had a little crush on and eventually they form a they form a relationship and Mark Anthony calls uh Alexandria home and and you know that's his new home even though he's still Roman and uh I think you know still contributes to Rome and Rome is outside

of my purview but you know still Contributes to Roman politics still donates still builds temples in Rome things like that um it does what what a wealthy Roman should do and but Augustus is in you know is in Rome saying Mark Anthony he's gone foreign he's becoming like you know like an Egyptian he's changing you know he's not a good example of of Roman um So eventually uh Cleopatra and Mark Anthony uh have children together and rather than uh you know her first Son was named uh Cesarion and uh that was that was Julius Caesar's

um son um and cesarian you know he's he's alive out there somewhere I believe I mean Augustus I don't believe has has killed cesarian yet um but he also has she has more children with with uh with Mark Anthony and um she names one of them I believe she names one of them Cleopatra and then she names uh and then she names the other one um Alexander heliopoulos and uh and you know just names him out Out out of Alexander I could be wrong about about her daughter's name um but you know these children pretty

much disappear pretty quickly um and so you know eventually without getting into the whole story but uh Augustus set sail for for Alexandria it's time you know it it it's it's time that uh that Alexander or that Augustus finish this thing off and uh he basically comes in and sieges the city of Alexandria Burns half of it to the ground again Julius Caesar did it Once before um a little side note on there Julius Caesar when he was uh sieging um when he was sieging Alexandria to prevent pompy from leaving uh he act he he

burned the docks and the fire from the docks spread up and actually burned burned down part of Alexandria's library now you know historians can respond and say you know well the library as far as we know was already kind of falling in Ruins and wasn't as important anymore so whatever Was lost really wasn't that important I would then counter that by saying well then why did Mark Anthony years later after uh Julius Caesar's death he gives alexand he gives Cleopatra a gift of I think 200,000 papirus Scrolls for the library to kind of make up

for the damage that's happened before so you know that's the first burning of Alexandria's Library second time is Augustus sets sail for Alexandria and it's time to end this thing um you know Egypt is looking at its last its last sunrises and um Augustus sets Siege to the city of Alexandria and essentially wins this you know wins this Siege um and eventually he and Cleopatra speak to each other and the gist of it is that um Cleopatra is going to sail home with the Roman uh she's going to sail back to Rome to show that

uh to show that Greece or I'm sorry to show that uh that Rome and Egypt have now come to an agreement and That you know peace is restored again and they're going to go back to the way things used to be but that's not what's going to happen Cleopatra knows that she's going to die when she gets to Rome and Mark Anthony knows it too and so they kind of have this amicable thing where they think that Mark Anthony and Cleopatra are just going to come back to Rome with Augustus but Augustus is a cold

hard killer and uh and they all knew it and uh so Um Mark Anthony he gets word that Cleopatra has committed suicide and he's so distraught and probably terrified CU all of his power and and and his stronghold in Egypt is now gone there's if if his wife has killed herself you know it's the collapse of his whole world so he he runs himself through with a sword um and then Cleopatra ends up finding out you know I don't know how these things are happening so fast but Cleopatra ends up finding out that he is

He attempted to commit suicide so uh she sends for him he's he's drugg into her Palace and they lay him on the bed next to Cleopatra and you can imagine he's got his head like like on her chest like on her stomach and and you know he's probably crying you this is the end of his life he's dying he's bleeding out all over the bed all over her and um and she passes he passes away like in her lap and um and we can assume that this just just from the context of these Things we

can assume that this wasn't just a dynastic marriage that they loved each other they were two young people that were both tied to Julius Caesar probably fantasized about each other a little bit and then and then they were real lovers after Julius Caesar died this was a man that she actually deeply loved um and so he dies laying in her lap pleading out all over her all over the bed and we think that they brought in a uh that they brought in a Cobra This special COBRA they had you know Egyptians they had run out

all the crocodiles all the hippos and all the snakes and cobras in Egypt just to get rid of them you know it's too much of a nuisance to have them around so they had these they had these Cobras for special occasions for some reason or another and it's an asp which is the same thing that's in uh you know in in Indiana Jones where they pull the tomb back in in Tannis and was it is it uh is it so Or whatever his name is he goes he goes asks very dangerous you go first you

know it's they bring in they bring in this snake and uh and you know it it bites Cleopatra on the wrist and and uh you know she probably dies shortly thereafter out of like anaphylactic shock or something and um and so the last pharaoh of Egypt has died laying on the bed you know covered in blood with her husband and um and Augustus hears about this and rather than you know Augustus is a pretty politically Savvy man and being raised under Julius Caesar probably not a disgraceful man either like like Julius Caesar wasn't happy about

being presented with the head of pompy you know uh his great rival pompy he wasn't happy about that he was actually disgusted that this great man that he had respect for although they were Rivals and he had to kill him he was going to have to kill him eventually but you know maybe he gives him a Soldier's death um these are semi honorable guys who have lines that even they won't cross and um and so rather than just you know he could just throw them in like a Popper's grave or something and um and you

know disgrace them he honors the Egyptians and he gives them I believe a year to mourn Cleopatra and he buries Cleopatra and Mark Anthony together in the place that Cleopatra had intended them to be buried um which to this day nobody has ever Discovered and he he gave them an honorable burial but he annexed Egypt and made it a state in the Roman Empire and dynastic Egypt has come to its end and and then they built on top of some of the Egyptian stuff and here we are yep all right well I would have more

to go here but we got people waiting downstairs we came up like right on this reservation we have so you and me are going to get after that but Luke this has been incredible I expected to do Some Egypt and some South America today we essentially did all Egypt for what was two episodes so if you're finishing this one right now and you haven't seen the one before this we put we will have put that out so make sure you hit that link in description but you also have a paper sick name of research paper

coming out called uh the flower that seduced Egypt the flower that seduced Egypt I'm going to have to bleue balls people and leave that there But that wow I can't believe we didn't even get to I know the outline that you gave me last night blew my mind I think that's going to be sick so we're going to have to talk about that at some point there's a lot of podcasts within this podcast that we could go off on tangent on that we'll have to do in the future but I definitely want to bring you

back in to go through all the South America stuff you've been doing over the past year change year in change which is Pretty amazing so we will have the links to your YouTube down below and anything else you want in there but thank you as always my brother no man I'm just uh I this was a real treat to be able to do like the complete history of ancient Egypt over the course of a couple episodes this is cool you know [ __ ] awesome people I I don't think I've ever seen this on a

podcast before and uh you know to get to come here to Hoboken hang out in the city and hang out with you uh And all because I get to talk about Egypt it's [ __ ] cool let's go and U um I am uh just uh I'm very lucky that I get to do this and and um and I hope that people uh through this see the enthusiasm that I have and maybe it you know um maybe it rubs off on on other people they get excited about you know ancient history I mean I I

just love this stuff and it's an infinite amount of rabbit holes tell we can tell you can [ __ ] go all day it's incredible but Great job today dude and we'll do it again cool yeah absolutely all right everybody else you know what it is give it a thought get back to me peace thank you guys for watching the episode before you leave please be sure to hit that subscribe button and smash that like button on the video it's a huge help and also if you're over on Instagram be sure to follow the show

at Julian Dory podcast or also on my personal page at Julian D Dory both links are in the Description below finally if you'd like to catch up on our latest episodes use the Julian Dory podcast playlist Link in the description below thank you