Por que valorizar o SUS? [Questão de Saúde - Ep. 2]

I WANT PRESIDENT ELECTIONS DEMAND YOUR RIGHTS AT "DIRETAS" RALLY 200 THOUSAND PEOPLE DEMAND DIRECT ELECTIONS FOR PRESIDENT OVER A MILLION PEOPLE TAKE THE STREETS Brazil, 1980s. March during a rally for direct elections in São Paulo. Our reporters are live.

Direct elections now! A crowd took the streets to demand the return of a fundamental right. We want to elect the president of Brazil!

The military had been ruling the country for over 20 years. The economy was disastrous, the press was censored, there were too many problems, and no transparency at all. These rallies were decisive for the Military Dictatorship to lose power.

1985: END OF THE DICTATORSHIP The intense participation of the people was determinant for Brazil's democratization and to guarantee the essential rights stablished on our Constitution. May God help us and may it be complied! Once I heard a jurist say that most laws are written with gray letters, and the people need to take control of these laws so the letters get bright colors.

SUS was already created with bright colors! {\an8}SUS came from the democratization of our country, you know. And we bought this idea.

{\an8}The Brazilian Constitution guarantees that every citizen {\an8}receives healthcare as a fundamental human right, associated to human dignity, and the Brazilian State must protect it. CONSTITUTION 1988 One of the rights the 1988 Constitution guarantees is public health. It must be universal and free for every person in our territory.

It is offered through SUS, that has become one of the largest health systems in the world. MATTER OF HEALTH Whooping cough, diphtheria, and tetanus are avoided with the DPT vaccine. CURE OF COVID-19 {\an8}This is a new pact, a new alliance, we call a deep sanitarian reform in this country.

WHY MUST WE CHERISH SUS? Brazilian society wanted changes. {\an8}The movements that preceded the Constituent Assembly, which mostly led to the 8th National Health Conference, wanted to show this.

We can't say that those rights were conceded by the constituents. Brazilian people conquered those rights through a lot of struggling. They wanted better health treatment.

For the first time in history, Brazil, unlike most countries around the world, acknowledged healthcare as a universal right. But do you know how Brazil was like before SUS? INPS has decentralized and modernized its administration in order to offer maximum agility in healthcare, social assistance, and social security.

The Military Government unified all these sectors by creating the National Institute for Social Security, which focused on social security, but did little for healthcare. Before the 1988 Constitution, {\an8}public health was a responsibility of the National Institute for Medical Assistance of the Social Security. However, INAMPS was only available for those with a work record booklet.

The INAMPS was a part of social security destined to health, which was dismembered to have a better focus on healthcare, which used to be a contribution system before 1988. At INAMPS's ambulatories, we dealt with dramatic situations. We saw mothers bringing their children, and their neighbors' children.

And they begged that we, as health professionals, could attend their needs. It was terrible. Sometimes, the rules stated we couldn't help them, yet we did it, but, many times, we couldn't even transfer the patients.

There were formal obstacles that didn't allow us to offer a worthy attendance to those people who were treated like indigents. If, nowadays, health was offered only to those people with a formal job, take a look at how many people wouldn't have access to it. It's as if the whole population of the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Santa Catarina were excluded from the healthcare map.

LINES AT INAMPS CAUSE PROBLEMS TO THE POPULATION INAMPS LEADS HOSPITALS TO CHAOS DUE TO DELAYS Along with 1988's Constitution, SUS was created. It means Unified Health System. We left that contribution system, which only contributors had access to, those formally employed.

It excluding the largest part of the Brazilian population. And we adopted a universal, egalitarian, and free model. But, before the next chapter, it is necessary to explain how great the Brazilian Unified Health System is.

Picture a town. SUS is absolutely everywhere in it. In restaurants, butcher shops, bakeries, or anywhere food is sold.

The Sanitary Surveillance is there. Sanitary Surveillance is part of SUS. Whether you're driving a Beetle or a BMW, if you get involved in an accident, you're aided by SAMU.

SAMU is part of SUS. Did you know that SUS offers both psychological and psychiatric follow-up? The Psychosocial Attendance Centers are specialized in mental health, and they're part of SUS.

If, at any time, you're in need of a highly complex surgery such as an organ transplant, or a blood transfusion, only SUS is allowed to make such procedures in Brazil. In 2020 alone, more than three million chemotherapy treatments were made by SUS, besides 720 million of procedures and appointments on the Basic Attendance program. 900 thousand childbirths, 80 thousand organ transplants, and over one million elective surgeries were also made.

Although the list of services SUS offers is long, we're still far from the ideal. This is majorly due to underfunding, since each person has a daily cost of 3. 83 reais.

R$ 3. 83 DAILY COST PER CAPITA When we talk about SUS, the first point. .

. is critical and undeniable one: it's funding. Since democratization, public investment on health has an average of 1.

5% of the GDP. The lack of resources affects the municipalities. They collect less taxes than the Federal Government, so their accounts are too overwhelmed to offer a good quality assistance to their population.

We need a broad social participation so we can, first of all, protect the funding of SUS. We need to guarantee the public budgeting to pay for this universal, egalitarian, and free system to those who need it. NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM The vaccine against COVID-19, as well as immunizers Brazilians get throughout their lives, are part of PNI, one of the most successful programs within SUS.

It was created 15 years before the Unified Health System, so it is kind of SUS' older brother. {\an8}So there's a broader access to vaccines, {\an8}we could take the vaccines anywhere, for those who needed the most. There's also an organized decentralization of SUS.

These principles were structured and organized by PNI, {\an8}and they were the theoretical pillars {\an8}for SUS to develop other actions besides vaccination, being able to provide a better quality of life to Brazilians. {\an8}The Brazilian PNI is very robust. {\an8}We have one national center for cold storage, {\an8}27 state centers, 273 regional centers {\an8}for cold storage, and 38 thousand vaccination rooms.

Vaccination in our country is a world example of equity and universality. SUS's role is to make sure that the vaccines reach everyone. {\an8}Anywhere indeed.

{\an8}Look here! {\an8}If you fall, {\an8}keep your arms up so you don't drop the sheet. C'mon, Cleiton.

Palmital's health staff is passing in front of your residence so you can get vaccinated against COVID-19. To offer a large and democratic service, SUS operates in a tripartite system. That is, the Union, states, and municipalities have the same weight on decision making.

In the meetings, the Union is represented by the Ministry of Health, states, by the CONASS, and the municipalities, by the CONASEMS. These three institutions design public health policies in Brazil. It's done as a way to acknowledge the existence of this system, which is public and universal, and to understand its duty on the offering of services accordingly to Brazilian people health necessities.

It's a huge step to mobilize people in a stronger defense of SUS. {\an8}MARCHES IN DEFENSE OF SUS It is very impressive what SUS has been doing during all these years. We need more, so are we finished?

No, we're not. It's a very complex process. But we're doing it.

Democracy is health. Health is democracy. It's been 30 years since this motto echoed during the 8th National Health Conference.

SUS is the largest public policy of social inclusion Brazil has dared to create. It is the greatest expression of our democracy. This vivacity exists because SUS was not designed by the mind of an intellectual.

It was created from popular struggle. After all, how can we use all the capacity SUS has in order to control and eradicate diseases? We'll see this in the next episode.