Patanjali's Yoga Sutras | Class 4 | Swami Tattwamayananda

[Music] [Music] we are continuing our discussion on the yoga sutras in the first chapter samanthi father i think we have been discussing and the the sixth sutra we are discussing and the sixth sutra it extends to number of continuing sutras the sixth one is a is a uh description a brief description of um this what with these are the five is that we already discussed but for those who are interested you should keep in mind that the first few sutras of samathi samadhibada are taken up because they consist of definitions of some of the very

fundamental teachings and concepts of yoga including the basic uh definition of yoga yoga that's how it begins now we already discussed this are being discussed what are these is the word island's good god and is often translated into waves some modifications of changes residual effects and so on it's very difficult to uh correctly accurately translate that into a different language because the problem of language and problem of tran translation so what is nothing but what is left in our mind after we do something after any activity that you undertake not physical activity alone but even

a word we speak which is a verbal activity or thought ideas not all not necessarily correct ideas wrong ideas even ideas that we derive when we read a book a novel or a short story or read a poem or if we listen to yourself if we read newspapers all these can actually uh create birthdays because our mind connects itself with so many ideas so many concepts all days can create buddhist as we are going to find out for example if you discuss that right now so this is our fivefold so we already discussed pramanavrtis pramana

technically it deals with the theory of knowledge rapist technology in yoga sutra uh three uh tools of theory of knowledge are accepted anumana and shabda exercise direct perception anima is inference which is those who have studied plato and aristotle will know that elaborate descriptions of different kinds of inferences different different concepts of sense perceptions you find so more or less you find industric and also in the more systematic philosophical concepts belonging to pre-christian greek thought and i want to emphasize this point because right from 6th century a.d up to the emergence of canned in germany

philosophy practically did not have any life invested it is considered to be the dark age for philosophy in december right from the advent of augustine in the fifth century a.d up to canada so anyway that's a different subject but if we go to the pre-christian greek philosopher the sophists even the later plato aristotle and the neoplatonics like powerful democritus you find very systematic very very very close in many ways to the parallel indian and development of epistemology which of course took place much earlier the early development of indian logic is it begins with gautama the

great sage who lived around 13th century bc the government had the first phase in the development of indian logic then madhyamanyaya right from uh fifth or fourth century a.d onwards and then later in the vineyard so anyway that's a different subject so you find here perception inference and verbal testimony constitute what you call valid knowledge so if you pursue something or if you infer something inference is again linked to perception and also when you read a book when you read the bible which is uh it corresponds roughly to the testimony in the parallel christian tradition

or vedas for vedantins of hindus or buddha's teachings of course they do not accept any teachings as i say with that testimony the buddhist philosophers they don't accept they only believe in the first two pramanas means tools of epistemology so i i gave a brief description of the 10 the extended tools of epistemology or theory of knowledge in indian philosophical systems which i discussed in the last and previous to last classes so that is seventh sutra now the eighth sutra you find the next set of these are described pramana viper is described is based on

wrong object so false knowledge of something which actually doesn't re correspond to the real form so that is illusion of silver one classical example you you were walking on the seashore and you see something that is brilliant that resembles because of his brilliance resembles a piece of silver but it is not silver it is mother of pearl some sort of a maybe a shell of some small creatures that grow in sea water so they shed this shells on the seashore and when you walk especially when there is brilliant sunlight it shines brilliantly so you may

mistake it for silver it's a classical stock example from indian philosophical systems you know it is silver suktiga is the mother of pearl that outer shell of a tiny creature which whose shell resembles because of his brilliance in sunlight the brilliance of a piece of silver it is a classic example of false knowledge you get a knowledge but your knowledge doesn't correspond to the object in front of you so that is based on wrong object it but it can certainly create a vrt in your mind suppose you're walking on the sea shore you didn't specifically

investigate the the i mean the object in front of you but you thought it's a piece of silver and when you go to sleep if you're it's if you are a child if you're a boy if you're a young girl when during your younger days you may have a desire to process that piece of silver which you may think that you wonderful thing to play with if you are a little child and then the evening you may cry i want that object which i saw on the seashore so you can see the example of there

was no silver but you mistook something for a silver and you expressed a desire you developed a decision in your mind for that object and that virti again is brought forth and the child cries for the silver or you may see that silver in dream so memories again can become active memories can reproduce the the the image of an object which actually did not exist but you thought she existed it's a classic example of iberia so avid diaz method a good division this these is are linked to this virti so they are called clays over

this somebody raised a question i found later on in youtube that is uh what is the difference between vikalpa and viverliya it's a kind of conceptual knowledge which is devoid of corresponding object and they again but it is considered by knowledge which arises from words so vikalpa is not necessarily based on any object vikalpa need not have any corresponding object but viperya will have an object again we should remember we are discussing brutis brutis are nothing but impressions ideas concepts which can become designs attachments aversions and so on in our mental world which when there

is an object which you did not understand correctly but still there is an object there is a corresponding object understood doesn't correspond to the real form of the object that is a false idea that is based on wrong object it is called vapid radia an idea that is that doesn't have a corresponding object at all is called vikalpa so that should be understood can mean options in vedanta vedanta so ins you have to remember in indian philosophy the same word can have different meanings in different systems of philosophy a verb can have one meaning in

vedanta another meaning in sankhya an entirely different meaning yoga even though they are linked to each other and totally different uh meaning in logic and so on of course i'm not go extending these examples so this is an important point remember now what is that of course there are many examples here um that is vyasa's commentary so whenever we want to get a correct as far as possible correct understanding of what patanjali means you have to go to vyasa or you have to go to other communities like vachaspati or began a big show or shangri-la

so this is an important point very often when we read modern translations by translators who have no familiarity with the traditional interpretations who mostly base their interpretations on their own understanding on modern psychology if there is every chance that you may go wrong but vyasa is very very precise absolutely precisely society an object doesn't exist corresponding to the particular still you may act as if such an object really exists so knowledge produced by words is called the knowledge the knowledge is this habitually follows the words at this meaning which actually may not exist in some

cases to give an example i can give different examples of equal pass one kind of vehicle pass see knowledge of totally non-existent entities sometimes we may we may get certain bigal pass for example patriotism truth goodness beauty beauty has some kind of a visual counterpart perpetratory autism uh view let's say truth goodness all these you may read in books and all these are wonderful things or you may read in novels short stories description of imaginary writings stories etc there are these are all different examples of wikileaks one kind of vikalpas is knowledge of non-existent things

things that really cannot even intellectually be conceived of so again the the classical commentators give an example stock example used in different indian philosophical classics is an ancient sanskrit verse what it means is you are describing a person absolutely unreal unrealistic it is impossible for such a person to exist who is the person is a person who has taken a bath or may have been swimming in a pool of water in the middle of a desert an example it cannot happen when you see a desert from a distance the desert resembles a pool of water

or a river from it this even even big broad highways and freeways also can resemble poor water in the midday during midday when there is blazing sun overheads because of sunlight the wide expanse of desert or sand can resemble a pool of water so here in description a man is going he has taken a bath a dip in that pool of water in the middle of a desert that means such a man doesn't exist because such a pool doesn't and cannot exist and is wearing a flower in his long hair that he has picked up

from a garden in the sky cannot exist it's an example of pikal pass is made of horns of hair what does it mean such a person cannot exist you may read fantasy books you may read many things of course that's what you read but what you watch when you travel in planes to keep people engaged to forget the strain of travel terrible things thrillers all those things cannot exist even intellectually we cannot think of it's an example of the kalpa but remember those experiences don't leave a blank in your mind when you come back to

your home you may dream that you are in that corn island which i happen to watch once terrible thing you know absolutely absolutely ridiculous and childless but then that's enough to keep you engaged and fill your mind with plenty of vehicle pass this is one kind of then abstract nouns strength goodness all these also can create we can pass and then uh imaginary characters stories impressions that you read in books in fiction in movies also can create biblical past these vehicles are created so children children crying in when they see nightmares because they have read

something in a fantasy book and the bhurti is registered in the mental system and then these buddhists come alive in dreams so what happens the fact that is totally unrealistic is forgotten that and this imaginary thing uh takes the form of something real so and it be it it really is in the mind of the person because it leaves a virtue behind then also pratikas certain uh mantras certain symbols also can create helpful practice if you chant some devotional hymns mantras prayers psalms any any person from any religious tradition uh if you chant with great

intimacy of feeling a sacred mantra that also can create prudis in your mind if you read a book of a great spiritual person a mystic or who or maybe and then what happens you have your mind just observed a lot of ideas a lot of this by reading those things which may be helpful with this actually there are also many vertices which are helpful in even spiritual life so birth is registered in the mental world by associations with spiritual persons by reading holy books but discussion on some very sublime spiritual topics will be helpful for

spiritual life they all can produce then they're dreaming visualizations of forms all days can create pretties these are examples of bigger poverties so some of these this may have a corresponding object but not directly so you you read a book on patriotism but you also read the life of a person who was a great patriot then what happens the two can merge and it can create a strong within the mind so this is a blending of the real and unreal a real historical person and an abstract concept of patriotism goodness strong can blend together now

we can imagine how uh patanjali in a short pd statement refers to this in hobiasa and other other well-known book written by a king his name was bhoja he was said he was the ember of india which at that time india extended all the way from extreme south right up to today's afghanistan huge indian empire which existed around 4th century 80 king boja was known as a wise king archetypal vice man of that period he wrote a gross a short commentary it's called gaja maharat these are examples of wikileaks in the 10th sutra there is

the description of another kind of buddhist called nidra with dry sleep sleep also can be the result the virtues and the sleep also can produce virtues is a kind of which is the basis of experience of nothingness it's a deep sleep so sleep is a is a special kind of which is the basis of the experience of nothingness experience of a feeling of nothingness along with the feeling of total restfulness and relaxation that you normally experience during deep sleep it's called sushupti in sanskrit so that is also one kind of a t so the classical

example you know is a particular expression that is associated with the deep sleep all that you can see and the only way for you to recollect what you what experience you had in deep sleep is well i had a wonderful rest i had a wonderful sleep the wonderful blissful restful is all that you can say because there is total absence of duality that means we are one with ourself when we experience something apart from ourselves when the subject object distinction difference there is scope the scope for conflict restlessness friction and so on when you feel

yourself alone when you are in your own company and you forget everything and there is a thought there is a turtle transcending the transcendence of duality that experience it is not samadhi or anything but that experience gives you something that closely resembles distantly resembles samadhi because the experience of duality is absent in deep sleep so this is uh an example of special experience i mean there is experience of some kind of a nest or happiness etc those of you who uh have any any class any any doubt about this buddhism those of you have read

the buddha's [Music] tales you know buddha's 543 may be innumerable previous life cycles which he experienced when he was doing meditation penance sitting under the bodhi tree you have to remember buddha when he was 28 years old he had this visions different visions when he was being taken on a chariot going for a ride on the streets of his own capital city he saw a sick man sitting in the street corner and he saw a dead body being taken to the cremation ground in a position and he saw an old man looking miserable pathetic a

pathetic sight and then he saw another person who was an ancient person was was absolutely serene common quite was a saint a sage so buddha wanted to be like the last mentioned sage his face short no pain no worry so buddha realized that there are things like old age death and sickness and it's also possible for one to be free from all these he wanted to find an answer and he walked more than a thousand miles reached both sat under the tree and meditated determination i won't get it from this seat going to meditate till

i realize the ultimate truth till i get spiritual enlightenment emancipation and as he sat there for meditating for years rolled by during this time all the imageries all the impressions of his previous life cycles flashed through his mind one after another so buddha suddenly saw himself going through leaving to re-experiencing all these he was in the previous life cycle sometimes he was born as a king sometimes as a common man sometimes even as a monkey sometimes even as different members of the animal kingdom but nature of these previously incarnations he had displayed some aspect of

his great spiritual wisdom so it was an ascend spiritual ascent to what he became in la in the last of his birth that is he was born as siddhartha he was born as the sprints of a king in nepal the name of the king was that is the last birth in that last birth he became the real buddha the enlightened one so all these pratis according to vedanta according to yoga records according to buddhism all these pratis remain stored up in our mind in the mental world some of them are very good some of them

are not very good some of them we experience we re-experience some of these vitis actually manifest in this life itself some of the virtues do not manifest in this life these virtues become solidified so they become strong tendencies and they are stored up in a in a repository of all these virtis it's called karma shaya you find these virtis begin to manifest only in the next life some of the virtues will manifest in this life itself some of the virti samskaras will find expression only in the succeeding life cycles so whatever birthdays we accumulate we

don't lose them so it's very important for everyone to acquire as much as possible good tendencies good impressions good ideas even a casual sight of something uh which may be disturbed the mind if we are not careful if our when our mind is attached to it then that experience will register a strong impression in our chittem in our mental system and this will manifest in some way or other in some way rather this with this book this will express itself they are never lost but this it doesn't mean that whatever we see will produce we

should not mistake that okay i can give an example suppose you're walking in the street you may see many things trees vehicles stones pebbles dry leaves on the road they don't create any virtues in your mind because we do not take notice of them but some but suppose something else happens something that creates a strong impression in our mind suppose we we see something very interesting in which we happen to be involved let us say a dog from the nearby home starts barking at you and chases you that you are not likely to forget and

you will find that you that same dark is chasing you in your dream and this memory can remain depending upon the type of person and the impact of that experience at that time tavrti will remain stirred up with the mind so whatever we see and experience may not necessarily produce everything it can create everything but it is immediately forgotten neutralized everything can be neutralized by accountability but the pakistan that's an important point in yoga you can actually neutralize all the negativities or weaken at least frequent new uh negativities in our mind suppose we have attitudes

ideas habits certain obsessions which become some kind of delusions memories which you don't want they can be neutralized or weakened by producing accountability so a healthier can be generated person who is suffering from problem of greed which we discussed in one of our sessions that person can read a book which tells him the story of a king who fell on bad days who may be the tragedy because of greed now that will weaken his birthday which acts as greed so he can be gone those who read spiritual books his children for example in our schools

children should be introduced to sublime stories life stories of great men and great women saints and sages and philosophers not just technicians and technical technology fanatics which only teach you how to how to press a button and pressing a button is not a very big thing it doesn't create a negativity or positivity but when you read a great book when you read a great life story of a great person great in whatever ways they can create healthy worthies and can be wonderful source for positive constructive creative education it can be wonderful education material really straight

because they produce with this and group this includes mind because virtues are always repeated for this will influence our attitude or actions and actions will be repeated a child who is growing up reading something very wonderful will have a tendency to imbibe those qualities he can become a wonderful way of training mind during your days so even the vehicle parties have a positive use this is an important point remember the 11th sutra deals with the 5th that's the fifth one so that's defined here that is the definition of smoothie memory smoothie means memory memory uh

is not just remembering things memory that that that is accompanied by a corresponding samskara an impression which tempts you to act in a way or to not act in a way it could it could be either so memory or smoothie is not losing i mean not allowing an experience to slip away into their unconscious normally we experience many things and there are many things that we'll be happy to forget and it's a great thing you know forgetfulness is a great gift from god actually in even in gida chandi there are many scriptures we tell you

the ability to forget the unpleasant is a wonderful gift coming from god so but when [Music] you register a virti an impression a memory in the mental system which may not be very present and it always remains obsessions of successive psychosis there are many many cases of obsession may be linked to this so assam promotion is a technical word in the sanskrit what it means is uh it doesn't have any waiver it remains stuck he remains stuck he remains steady and steadfast that particular memory remains stuck in the mental system so that is that means

not allowing an experience to slip it unconscious it always remains at the conscious level so it never gets lost so that is smoothie this of course it has got different uh different descriptions there we also for example he did divides into two types means and i'm not going to those details those who are interested can uh ask later but to in short the point is we will tease our fivefold pramana pramana is pretty memories or impressions derived by normal understanding perception inference and so on by reading some book etc some of those are very good

when you read a book the holy book is one of the pramanas or you see something wonderful all these can be positive wrong knowledge wikilpa this conceptual it has got many aspects even even some of the uh fantasies that mind accumulates by reading books on fiction are examples of wikileaks nidra is sleep deep sleep that is also that's why every person has a tendency to re-experience deep sleep people people don't complain because they don't have dreams they always complain that they do not have deep sleep because it is deep sleep that gives you a feeling

of total restfulness so that your blessedness relaxation is the fifth one sorry the fourth one fifth one is predi now the 11th sutra tells you how to um we can counteract certain negatives it may call negativity we called it of course there are different ways vedanta will tell you you should become masters of senses we should control the mind we should control the senses we should not allow the visual objective world influence and color our mind our attitudes and so on these are great ideas but patanjali takes a very very psychological a very psychological approach

in this context so he says in this uh before going deeper into what yasa means what means of course the simple meaning is this the restriction or his training of these worthies is attained through vyasa means repeated practice again and again we should try every attempt consolidates our effort to restrain and reduce negativity and dispassion that's why we of often we insist on feeding the mind with good food as we as i discussed earlier on many occasions feeding the mind with good food which means give good food good birthdays good impressions of the mind mind

is mind remains neutral so when you give good food to the mind then mind becomes happy and mind becomes grateful to us and then it doesn't create any conflict when we try to do something that we know to be good for us remember what is conflict conflict is nothing but the negativity the mental block that raises the mind when we try to do something that we know will be good for us it's our duty our responsibility something that we should do for our own good when we are not able to do when we are hammered

in our effort to do what we should do by a negative by a set of negative tendencies it's called mental block or negativity so this negativity comes from negativities poisonous food that you have fed your mind with so you should choose good food the mind what is good food things that produce good with this that is the good food that's the real food so that's why in the vyasa's commentary there is a classic line which is often repeated it moves in both directions the real river moves in only one direction but the mind river it

moves simultaneously in both directions it moves in the positive direction for our own good and it moves through it moves towards the right direction that's called you know kalyan means in the right direction the auspicious direction of internal meaning that is when we do something good when we go when we speak some good word think some good thought associated with people whose association will give our mind well is wonderful is a wonderful experience so when we attended prayer or puja discussion or something that is elevating the mind is actually moving in an auspicious direction it's

called it moves it flows the mind river mind is compared to river it moves in the positive direction when we feel when we give some good food to the mind means good birthdays when we deposit some good with this in the mental system that is chittham so otherwise it moves in the opposite direction papaya bhakti means it moves the opposite direction if you feed your mind with all sorts of terrible worthies all the thrillers all the mischievous stories all that actually creates conflicts in our mind negative ideas science skepticism and you don't sleep and you

become a people become a problem for others that's because mind is moving in the negative direction that is the mind river is flowing in so that means the mind is flowing both directions it was good and bad that which flow in the right direction takes you towards liberation to a spiritual enlightenment and it takes you through the path of discrimination mean discrimination here means discerning wisdom discerning this idea behind discerning wisdom we should have this ability to to use our own ins discerning wisdom so that we will accept what is to be accepted and we

will reject what is to be rejected if you have that wisdom when we are armed with that wisdom then it takes us towards spiritual enlightenment if you don't have that discerning wisdom then it will take you the negative direction and you should remember yoga yoga's yoga sutras believe in incarnation and they love doctrine of karma so if you feed our mind with negative food negativities we suffer or enjoy and we are born again and again this cycle continues gold karma virtues this endless cycles of life death and rebirth this is vyasa's very famous description of

human mind so it's called mind river which flows in both directions it has it is a potential to flow in both directions the positive and negative when we feed our mind with good vertices it moves in the proper direction when we do not feed our mind with good birth is when we feed with the bad impressions that it flows in the negative direction so we will continue this discussion the next class thank you we are often asked questions discussions [Music] what causes these positive or negative abilities what is it that um so so i'm guessing

there are there are two aspects to it one is uh one is external influence and the other is something inside of the mind that is uh impacted by it is external influence and decides to move in this positive direction or negative direction so what is how does this combination work yeah yeah so our own inborn character which in our mind is a bundle of samskaras impressions with which we are born so we are born with with a psychological inheritance the psychological inheritance is the spiritual capital bank balance we have got indeed mental bank number of

subscribers good and bad but we have the freedom we have the potential to improve our own character and so that's one of the one of the great contributions of vyasa because we also was the one who first wrote the well-known commentary if we want we can change and build our own destiny so we are born with this main main the mind mental system is a more comprehensive term than what mind implies so so we are it means it's called which actually means the repository of memories the feeling the thoughts and counter thoughts wavering mind and

our own sense of ascertiveness i am the one who are seeing this and memory all these are included in the word system so we are born with that that's why there are certain instinctive characteristics with which every human being is born circumstances do have an impact on our mind but we are not entirely the creatures of circumstances the way we react to circumstances depend upon the kind of psychological inheritance with which we are born that's because that of that inheritance only my new every minor aspect is linked to heredity only certain characteristics strong during the

early part of our life may have a direct connection linked to family inheritance i did maternal or paternal heredity but apart from that we find that we were after all you know you have to remember it dissolved based on the principle of reincarnation if you don't believe the concept of reincarnation rebirth then pathogens yoga sutras don't make much sense it's an important point remember this yoga's popularity has played an important role a in this phenomenal increase the number of people who believe in rebirth and of course the popularity of yoga and also buddhism buddhism again

this one got a lot of these from yoga sastra only because even the mahayana school of yoga character got that name because they were themselves practitioners of yoga tradition so um the heredity plays a role but the impact of heredity will be exhausted by the time a person reaches 12th or 13th here afterwards depends upon different circumstances different conditions you know i cannot it's not an absolute uh precise analysis you can you cannot draw a line and put in different columns and categorization not possible but to a large extent what we are depends upon what

we have been what we were in our previous life that's the center concept and that's that defined that determines how we respond to different circumstances how we evaluate how we interpret life how we make use of our own life and also different external circumstances secondly [Music] now you mentioned it in the previous session also here is there the past breath is yeah when do the play have a bigger role is it on the childhood or one star after circle that's what i mentioned throughout life what i said just now was that the influence of heredity

will be exhausted during the first few years of memory formations afterwards what we are going to become will depend upon what we have been what we are doing what the psychological uh cultural inheritance with which we are born that's why you know the tendency to accept one's own personality the tendency to go in our own way this doesn't happen in certain cultures where you know where seniority is some kind of tyranny in family cultures there depending upon those circumstances this may not always happen but every individual has a desire a tendency to assert freedom this

is this is very universal an instinctive desire to assert his own identity i mean to be what he is to do what he wants what he considered to be good for him or her that's that that's one indication that age of family connection in this life is only an accident that is limited to this particular life you were children of different parents in the past and will be children of different parents in future now this is of course again this this idea makes sense only if you take for granted the concept of reincarnation and the

idea that life is not just one chance that's death is not the full stop death is only coma and you continue your existence your next life that's the central underlying behind there is a question from youtube um from uh uh is there a relationship between between wikileaks and free will yeah is is how they operate will will be to a great extent determined by the previous samskaras no doubts no doubt about it see let us say vikalpa as you know as i mentioned may not necessarily have a corresponding object uh vipper layer is a knowledge

of an object it is not actually that of just something else so this is it now uh in the past suppose uh we read books we hear stories we associate the persons which encourage the development of free will then free will can become a vehicle patriotism can be a vegan party goodness strength truth all these can become different properties because wikileaks need not necessarily have a corresponding object but becomes a powerful ideal that's why i i as i quoted i say quoted earlier you know this is called of course foreign certain strong words abstract words

abstract concepts patriotism cannot have a human form uh but viperlia has a form but he said the form is not what do you mean that's in that context but the galpa can just be an abstract concept conceptual knowledge there is no real object still influenced by this abstract profound ideas that is called this so free will can be an example of sacrifice all these ideas are examples of this idea so vyasa gives a very precise much longer i have just recited that fraction but particular expression where vyasa emphasizes the absence of a corresponding object and

the presence of an abstract concept based on a word that's these two ideas are emphasized means the greatness the grandeur of an abstract concept based on sabda based on a word at the same time the absence of a corresponding visual concrete object let me give you example free will is an example patriotism is an example strength is a courage all these are examples yeah when a person suppose he reads the story of a great hero the hero's picture is there he may forget the person's name or anything but for a long time he may have

desire to practice the great quality that embodied in that great person whose biography he read so the great men inspire people mostly through this pickled past great men great women they all have a permanent impact on human civilization they continue influencing inspiring people for centuries because of this abstract idea which becomes a rallying point a source of inspiration okay so i think we don't have many more questions because we have enough time there is one question i'll read it for that person why do we look at cycle of birth death and rebirth in a negative

sense human life is a wonderful experience what is wrong in reliving this experience if we liberate from this life cycle what is the nature of existence in their own state you know it's again a matter of one's own choice if if anybody feels living this world is wonderful actually i think this world is not bad it is a totally wonderful experience but it becomes more wonderful when we find a higher meaning and when we look for a meaning sometimes at one stage we start thinking of the deeper meaning of existence is if what what is

what is life all about uh what's the ultimate destination of uh human being what's the destiny of human beings is there a god what is the mystery of human life and so on these questions can occur to certain persons not not necessarily to everyone so remember this rebirth and law of karma are not looked upon in a negative manner in yoga and vedanta but in buddhism this samsara you know this continued uh life cycles i mean birth life death and rebirth this dual link chi it's all because of trishna because of desire clinging to life

you want to be born we have to enjoy so that makes us bound to this world so is specifically mentioned at this point but remember buddhism takes one very important aspects of vedanta and gives it a humanistic interpretation that's all yoga generally do not look upon life or rebirth as a big problem as something to be feared to be worried about but it is there is something beyond that what is the beyond that need not necessarily be an inquiry for everyone not necessarily there is no pessimism in yoga and vedanta even buddhism there is no

pessimism there is a different outlook is life nothing but just birth living wonderfully and dying again coming back so is this something something higher than this that's what buddha actually thought about and for that he was inspired by these three visions the reality of old age death and sickness that did not necessarily make you a philosopher but there are certain people who may take the philosophy when they see these things not everyone depends upon where we stand buddha could think of life as something to be transcended buddha could think of old age death and sickness

as a problem to be transcended only in his 544th life in 543 previous life cycles he did not become buddha so when we reach that stage of evolution then we may also one day start thinking but is there something beyond all these so that's an important thing in fact inferred in yoga sutra it's called pramana nepal i mean so well i can i can explain this maybe it's a very because a very very very important question you are raised and very philosophical question so i would like to go deeper into this so please wait a

minute i shall try to explain the sutra the sutra i i i i know by memory but the descriptions foreign uh three types of samskaras that is mascara and custom sky now the point is to a person be making a vegan means to a person who's endured with the vehicle or this video higher discerning wisdom higher intuition the ability to look for higher meaning in life and you know what vyasa says the incompleteness the imperfection of life as it happens in this world generally dukkha doesn't mean pain or grief or sorrow dukkha means the ability

to look to look upon something as incomplete or imperfect so the english translation sometimes can be sufficiently misleading is not grief buddha was not crying and weeping buddha was an enlightened person and he was a great prince he lived in luxury when he saw a sick man old man and dead person dead body being taken to cremation ground and he was not trying and weeping rather he became contemplative introspective thoughtful maybe like an artistic play to a socrates he became thoughtful and he looked for a higher meaning in life is there a life where we

need not worry we do not have to worry about death or danger sickness buddha was intelligent enough to understand you cannot have life in this world with some of these problems abroad death is a problem which everyone will have to encounter old days you cannot avoid you can postpone if you want but you cannot avoid so but there is something incomplete about it this ability to look upon life as incomplete because it comes to an end one day body becomes old one day this is certainly something that that implies it's essential in completeness in imperfection

of physical life so there should be higher meaning in life that's why parinama sukhov see actually you don't feel this kind of incompleteness normally when life is going on well for you you're a rich man you have perfect health a big company and very lot of power everything still you feel this is not good enough for me i should look for higher wisdom the ability to see completeness even in luxury even in health even in joy in luxurious life that is possible only for a highly evolved person buddha was not poor he was not unhealthy

he was not sick and he was not old still he wanted to look for a higher meaning for these problems so if you can think or higher meaning in spite of if the fact that everything is going on well for you then you should be an exceptionally intelligent culture refined person that's what vyasa says see yogi name that happens to only the yogis means highly evolved persons so we should we should not ever imagine that everyone should look upon life as a big burden not at all life is wonderful fine no problem but maybe in

some distant life we may realize in spite of all these wonderful things there is something not so very wonderful and at that time we may turn to higher meaning in life that's what yoga suta says i hope it's clear okay [Music] foreign [Music]