Hello everyone, welcome to Lao Liu's channel Due to the previous debate with netizen shawn, this department is invited by netizen to talk about dialectics Talk about why dialectics, especially Chinese-style dialectics sophistry used to corrupt people's minds Due to the maintenance of ideological tyranny Why dialectics is a primitive form of rational logic low form rather than, as some have boasted, the highest form of rational logic Let's start with the origin of dialectics The term dialectics comes from the debates of ancient Greek scholars initial is a Expose your opponent's contradictions through dialogue to win the battle the art of language the word dialectic dialectics from the word dialogue developed ancient greek philosopher socrates is the earliest one of the most famous practitioners of dialectics He likes to keep asking each other questions and questioning make the opponent's point of view appear contradictory Therefore, we have to sublate wrong ideas, so as to improve cognition This naive dialectic is a mode of thinking that constructs a higher point of view through self-denial But this approach is not strictly logical He can only make people realize their limitations but cannot be used for precise arguments cannot be used to define truth Naive dialectics is deeply influenced by the sophistry of epistemological relativism Relativism holds that everything evolves and changes an epistemology that denies the existence of absolute knowledge In the use of dialectics People often intentionally or unintentionally concept transformation by generalization or partial to achieve defeat the opponent's purpose in ancient greek times The line between rhetoric and logic is blurred Humans at that time Haven't mastered the logical tools of the specification At this time, the use of dialectics is undoubtedly of certain significance for improving people's cognition Later Aristotle codified the rules for how humans think Removed many of the ineffective ways of thinking Thus established several basic laws of logical thinking, such as law of identity law of non-contradiction and the law of excluded middle formal logic just started to form a system Formal logic in English is Formal Logic In fact, a more accurate translation should be standardized logic Deduction in Formal Logic Logical methods such as induction continue to evolve become effective Foundations of Scientific Reasoning It can be said that the entire scientific building is built on the basis of formal logic Dialectics, an ancient way of thinking, was later transformed and systematized by Hegel. just started to get famous Hegel called dialectical logic the thinking of a concept The logic of mutual transformation between opposites He has a broad interpretation of the movement of things However, Hegel's definition of logic is extremely broad, Similar to the definition of logic in ancient Greece Hegel's logic not formal logic but a transcendental Ontology synthesis of epistemology and methodology Hegel dreamed up mass interconversion Unity of contradictions The three so-called negation of negation cosmic truth treat them as one size fits all The unified law shared by nature and human society What Hegel tried to establish was a The Encyclopaedia Philosophy a holistic dogmatism a bit exaggerated to say Hegel's theory is that the German nation is in the process of rising An attempt to monopolize the truth in a cultural attempt to catch up He provided the ideological basis for later German nationalism and fascism But his so-called dialectical logic Has not been qualified in modern logic Hegel attacked all other opinions according to his own subjective consciousness He even opposed atomism in chemistry maintain ancient greek four elements theory Against white light is synthesized from seven colors of light Later Marxism Elevating the status of dialectics to the level of absurdity for the sake of critical philosophy he decided Dialectical logic is the highest state of rational logic in fact the opposite may be true dialectical logic In fact, it is just a primitive and low-level form of rational logic. In contemporary introductory textbooks on logic, dialectical logic is rarely seen in it dialectical logic not really logic It is located logic and philosophy interdisciplinary are often placed in the category of generalized logic logic refers to thinking rationality Logic in the narrow sense is about reasoning and the science of proof is the science of distinguishing true from false arguments The so-called dialectical logic no such function Dialectical logic violates fundamental laws of formal logic As a worldview dialectics has a certain explanatory But as a methodology dialectics Almost useless except for criticism now western logic Hegel's dialectic gave a very low rating It can be said Germans admired Hegel It is a similar mentality to the Book of Changes, which is respected by Chinese ancestors.
many people think Formal logic studies the static state of things, while dialectical logic studies the state of things in motion and change Formal logic is static Dialectical logic is dynamic dialectical logic Due to the added dimension of time, the limitation of formal logic is broken So it can restore the objective world more comprehensively so dialectics It is a subversion of formal logic and the highest state of rational logic in fact Where formal logic is superior to dialectical logic It is because of formal logic pair The objective world is abstracted more precisely Science is born out of Abstraction of complex things put the sporty Rheological things isolate abstracted into concrete immutable things conduct inspections to gain certainty Dialectics holds that contradiction and the unity of opposites are the inevitable law of the development of things This prior law can indeed be applied to many phenomena and can be used to explain many phenomena but it's unproven not necessarily universal truth and as a tool He is worthless to empirical scientific research What formal logic pursues is the objectivity and certainty of knowledge This and the pursuit of science are is consistent Formal logic ensures that people think in certainty Get rid of contradictions in thinking Such thinking is clear Clarity of thinking is the prerequisite for the emergence of science Formal logic abstracts things more precisely so Can express and reason accurately and concisely in the form of formulas or graphs dialectical logic The binary abstraction of things is crude and subjective Difficulty expressing and reasoning in formulas or graphs dialectics Unable to form definite conclusions through reasoning Cannot be used to study complex scientific questions Einstein also thought after reading the dialectics of nature Dialectics is of no help to scientific research So Why is it said that the transformation method is a low-level form of rational logic? To sum up, there are three specific reasons Dialectics is the The earliest and most widely used superficial thought tool It was created by the ancients through limited experience induction and bold subjective conjecture. Priori patterns of understanding the world From Zhouyi in the East, Lao Tzu, to the earliest thinkers in ancient Greece, all are dialectics like Heraclitus Parmenides, Zeno, Socrates, Plato and more Aristotle only clearly pointed out dialectically expressed confused mind Aristotle logically organizes human thinking methods specification of formal logic From then on Dialectics is basically abandoned in the pursuit of certainty in scientific research Dialectics is widely used in daily speculation Dialectics everyone can use Because of its low-level simplicity In fact, the application of dialectics To put it bluntly, it is very simple, just look at the problem to be comprehensive To see what is visible And guard against things that you can't see yet Things that can't be seen don't exist yet but he could show up at any time Second, every step of formal logical reasoning is completely deterministic Clearly defined He uses logical symbols to refer to objects There is a strict set of logical rules Ability to perform precise logic calculations And in dialectics everything is contradictory Duality The extension can be expanded and reduced at will Conditions can be added at any time Therefore dialectics cannot start from the premise draw clear conclusions He is naturally uncertain nothing is right anything will do no way In the end, only authority figures can decide Against such a background of probabilities science does not arise because of science is relatively certain Furthermore, dialectics holds that The dialectical development of the unity of opposites and the combination of pros and cons is the inherent law of the development of all things This is also derived from the incomplete induction of natural things or a mystical a priori judgment himself self-proving at this point Dialectics is closer to a Spiritual religion, not science He has a strong explanatory role But it has little effect in terms of predictive inference Belief Often only useful where science can't reach formal logic Can provide a rigorous way of looking for answers while dialectics often only provide Sophistry reasons for being always right third Dialectics itself lacks further creativity Its core is negation, and it is meant to explain and criticize not for building In history we often see those Those who claim to be absolutely correct in materialist dialectics I have no achievements but can plausibly criticize those who have made great scientific contributions is metaphysical Mechanical materialism, idealism, etc.
Dialectics often starts by finding an enemy doing to the enemy In the blow of one divided into two, we can find our own presence The main purpose of dialectics not seeking the truth but to criticize others with the truth The ignorant regard dialectics as a common philosophical concept exaggerated to think that absolute The ultimate truth is like a weapon to tell others what to do They can rely on dialectics to carry out various vague and misinterpreted mess with people's minds thereby creating the illusion of successful defeat of the enemy Dialectics can only be used to explain the world and not increase knowledge Historically, dialectics has been Practical applications and outputs from the computational sciences, semantics, and natural sciences communities are pitiful Formal logic has long been the basis of science The entire scientific edifice is built on the basis of formal logic organizational After talking about dialectics, let’s talk about Chinese-style dialectics dialectics special preference Because dialectics fits perfectly with the traditional Chinese way of thinking The beginning of Chinese culture is dialectical thinking Book of Changes such as the ancient Yin and Yang theory The Tao symbol is formed by two swirling forces, black and white in the black vortex There is a white dot and within the white swirl there is a black dot This expresses the concept of change The theory of yin and yang expresses the relationship that exists between two opposing and interpenetrating forces is a typical dialectical thinking Laozi's writings are full of dialectical thinking For example, misfortune depends on blessings, and blessings lie on misfortunes. The Argument of False Reality and Righteousness in Sun Tzu's Art of War Lu's Spring and Autumn Period said that things must be reversed when they are extreme dialectical thinking In addition, Confucius talked about the golden mean Its essence is to unify the opposite sides It is also a dialectical thinking Among the hundreds of philosophers, only Mozi's thought Touched like a superficial touch true rational logic and after that Clues to China's Sexual Logic basically broke The story of a good man who loses his horse, which is full of logical fallacies, has become an important part of Chinese traditional culture. Chicken Soup for the Soul Yin and Yang dichotomy The dialectical thinking from the avenue to the simplicity also inspires Subjective guesswork in traditional Chinese medicine provides a theoretical basis when western dialectics After being introduced into China It hits off with Chinese traditional thinking Quickly dominate the rivers and lakes in China In a society where dialectics is rampant Many concepts in language are ambiguous Although the reform originated in ancient Greece, but Ancient Greece and subsequent European civilization not plagued by dialectics This is because The ancient Greeks invented formal logic again formal logic ensure that people can be in certainty think Most of the Chinese people have not been trained in formal logic So Chinese dialectics quickly vulgarized reduced almost entirely to a sophistry And mud, and carrying tools, become Ah Q-style spiritual victory method Chinese-style dialectics despises the so-called look at the problem in isolation and in fact to nature Classify one by one isolated drill down Isolating variables is a scientific method an essential stage in the development of science while the Chinese This is because there is no such stupid kung fu so Did not achieve scientifically systematic step-by-step advancement The Misuse of Dialectics in Chinese Circles Similar to the misuse of the word science in Chinese circles Any superstitions and fallacies seem unquestionable if they are dressed in the cloak of science Any sophistry if put on the cloak of dialectics seems to be the absolute truth From the perspective of followers of Chinese dialectics Dialectics is a universal formula for thinking about problems It naturally makes people appear comprehensive, objective and fair Dialectics is an irrefutable truth Everything must be divided into two, as long as one is divided into two It will make you invincible in any lifting everything has a good side and a bad side Good can be bad and bad can be good In Chinese dialectics Judging criteria are often relativized No need for detailed analysis this aspect satisfies the inertia of thinking on the other hand flexible Can meet the speculative needs of those who have no concept of right and wrong The truth of opposites most of the time that's right It has a strong explanatory role, but the role of this dialectical thinking in predicting and inferring negligible by faith alone you can never know exactly What is called Wuji when will it be reversed what is called anti These can be changed at any time It is possible to work around this to make sense Invincible I can only say that faith is spirit Believe it or not As long as dialectics is in hand Although I have made no achievements myself, I can be with all great creators neck and neck Or choke them speechless In debate, believers in Chinese dialectics They often bring up the bright brands of some western philosophers to seek rational basis for their sophistry routines in their eyes Dialectics is the greatest legacy of Western philosophy There is Socrates Blessings from Hegel, Marx and other celebrities So their dialectics is advanced Advanced In addition to being used for sophistry, What's Worse About Chinese Dialectics The reason is that it has also become a tool for ideological tyrants to fool the people Authoritarian Centralization and Rational Logic are incompatible but they are exceptionally dialectics of preference because They can use dialectics to relativize the criteria for judging right and wrong, good and evil anything is saying yes the other way around so what should i say no objective standard only depends on the leadership need The Soviet Union was originally for the needs of the revolution formal logic criticized as metaphysics Formal logic courses are generally canceled in schools Hegel's dialectical logic elevate to an abnormal position China also the same It's okay if logic isn't taught in school.
also specialized in dialectics used for sophistry, fooling the people Why is it said that dialectics is a weapon of fools?
