#1. O que é Robótica?

Do you know what robotics is? And what is a robot? Today, it is common to talk about robots, especially social media bots.

Yeah . . .

These guys are already very famous on social networks like Twitter, where thousands are used for purposes that are not very cool. But did you know that these bots are not really considered robots! ?

Well, stay in the video that I will explain to you soon, but first press the button below, subscribe to the channel, that a lot of incredible content is yet to come! First, let's explain what a robot is. Defining what a robot is a very controversial subject.

The word comes from the archaic Czech "Robota", which means "forced labor", it was used for the first time in the play "Rossum's Universal Robots" by the Czech author Karel Capek. I don't know how to pronounce that name, but stay there! It was written in 1921 under the influence of the post-World War I European scene, it tells the story of machines manufactured to replace human labor.

Look at that! Since that time, this question was already thought about! The term robot became popular in the works of our dear Isaac Asimov, a great Russian author who wrote countless works of science fiction, among them the famous book "I, Robot" that even became a movie with Will Smith!

Detective, what are you doing? He said that everyone was programmed with the Three Laws. So we have 1,000 robots that will not protect themselves if it violates a human order.

. . The book has nothing to do with the film!

Here's the tip! The book "I, robot" is a collection of science fiction short stories that addresses various cultural and psychological aspects involving the insertion of extremely intelligent robots in society. What I am?

If you haven't read it yet, I recommend it! Even more in this wonderful edition by Aleph. The book's link is just below here in the video description!

In this book, Asimov introduced the three laws of robotics, which are still famous today. The first law says that the robot cannot harm a human or allow a human to suffer any harm. The second law says that robots must obey the orders of humans except in cases where such orders conflict with the first law.

The third and final one says that the robot must protect its own existence as long as it does not conflict with previous laws. These laws are just fiction, who defines how the robot will behave is its creator and programmer. Enough of the story!

Now let's go to science indeed! Most scientists define a robot as an autonomous machine capable of sensing the environment, performing computations to make decisions, and perform actions in the real world. In other words, a machine, a piece of hardware, that takes up physical space.

That is why social media bots cannot be called robots and do not fit that definition. In addition, they also do not have the ability to feel the environment around them, another problem . .

. they are just software routines that perform a certain task autonomously and repetitively. Yes .

. . no definition is perfect, but this is the most widely used consensus in the scientific community.

The most important thing is that the robot is able to do three things: sense, think, and act. Just as human beings can feel the world around them with the help of their senses, the robot feels the world with the help of its sensors. Sensors that are used to obtain environmental information such as the case of an ultrasonic sensor, cameras, gyroscopes, infrared, accelerometers and many others.

Given this perceived information, he calculates everything he needs from his computational brain, a small electronic circuit that can range from a powerful multi-core processor to a simple microcontroller like the ATMega on Arduino. After computing whatever it takes, it acts and performs some action through actuators, which are most often motors. Through mechanisms and manipulators, the robot can interact with the environment that surrounds it.

Observe the Kuka robot at work, he perceives through his sensors where the right chocolates are, calculates through his processors all the necessary movements and finally acts through his motors to execute all the calculated steps. A robot is constantly repeating this cycle: perceiving, computing, and acting. This is the most important thing in its existence, this is what makes this type of machine smarter and what we call the feedback loop.

There is a whole feedback process based on these three actions: perceiving computing and acting. And almost all robots use this, at least the smartest ones. Thus we can define what is robotics, which is nothing more than an interdisciplinary practice that mixes electronics, mechanics, computing and information and in which the development of robots is included.

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