In terms of education, it is quite complicated this technology really replace a good teacher. I usually joke saying that if the teacher thinks that if technology, artificial intelligence will replace him, he really deserves to be replaced, because he didn't understand what his role is and what is his function in these teaching and learning processes. [music] We are thinking about a teaching process and a learning process in a much more hybrid way, let's say so.
Certain activities are much easier to be developed through digital, technological, online media, for example. And other activities need a physical presence of the teacher, of people, of the students. Whether from a social point of view, whether from a cognitive point of view, whether from an educational point of view.
Now it is necessary to understand what remains presencial and what stays virtual. [music] The school can no longer be sustained by memorization and have someone memorize. Nothing, absolutely nothing you need to memorize.
This is already a revolution. Besides not having to memorize, the use of the memory made us have, this memory capacity enabled sharing. If it enabled sharing on the network, that is, this great memory capacity, freed us from our own.
[music] On the other hand, this produced sharing, the internet. Not just storage. And sharing did what.
Michel Foucault called it genealogy which is to bring together different knowledge in one field of forces. But it has been a few decades that we have become in relation to school learning, into collectors of school content, which schools generally call the curriculum. And so we see that it is knowledge that remains very restricted to certain parameters that schools learned to use, use very well and the students understood also, until then, how this worked.
[music] The school as a model of aligned desks, with students copying and acquiring knowledge that exists in richer terms outside that framework it is a very rich environment for socialization, but it is a standard for knowledge that has been outdated for decades. If we think well about this, it is a very old thought. just as the school organization is that functions in most of our schools today.
Very old. It’s not about the 21st century student, with your children, with our children. We have abandoned the idea of teaching and learning, mainly to attract the student, so to become curious about knowledge.
[music] Now a days, we practically live in a digital culture in the manners we are thinking and how we are appropriating ourselves of these digital technologies and this is changing how people carry out their daily activities, etc. But when the student or teacher goes into this classroom, he goes back to the 18th century, 14th century, in a sense that everything is still. Basically chalk and blackboard.
[music] We are now starting to research that is the idea of including active methodologies in the teaching and learning processes. What does this mean? It means, the student, not only access the information, but to use this information in the development of an activity hands-on, let's say it like this, so that he can make a product, create a product, through this knowledge, these information he has received.
And with this, you knowing this product you will have, as a teacher, a chance to understand the way it was made, what content was used by the student, and so on. And depending on the content, depending on what actually was accomplished by this product, the teacher can assist him in this process of improving the product or search for new information and so on. That is, in this case the teacher does not become the disseminator, the informer, let's say so, the person that transmits information, but that person who works with the student in order to understand what is being done so that he can assist him in the development of new new knowledge, to seek new information and so on.
We have new students, we have new teachers, we have a new relationship with knowledge and studying through projects is the best way. This implies developing the student's own autonomy and own responsibility and this can start from the age of 6, from the age of 4. What does the school need to do?
Help these children to gain maturity before then we were used to giving. Children have to from a very early age they need to defend themselves, they need to think. We never wanted our children to think because to think is a lot of work.
We wanted to raise our children without thinking. Father and mother who raise a child thinking know of the problem they may have later. Now a days we are obliged to raise children thinking, defending themselves.
[music] Education specifically is a social manifestation. It is inseparable, we cannot separate it from the human relations. Every being, every individual attempts to conceive this education, tries to think about this education, based on their references, on their ideologies prevailent of a certain period in which inserted, historical, cultural, social and all else.
This perspective, who works this topic very well, is Boaventura de Sousa Santos, where he will say that education is a mirror of society. [music] What it reflects is what, ultimately, society is. [music] We all try one way or another to build these identifications, build these references.
We have to stop creating this idea that the school needs to be perfect for them. That this would guarantee a good future, no. The school represents the world.
And does anyone out there know a perfect world? A perfect life? That always leaves the child and the teenager in a good mood?
There is no such thing, it simply does not exist. [music] To know what's important in the presential and what is important in the use of technologies in this process of working with the student. Why?
Because we are seeing during this pandemic that although we are doing a series of activities via technology, in a virtual way, online, this online is not yet a substitute for presence. We still need to hug, we need to kiss, we need to have contact, eye to eye. This technology still cannot do.
[music] And it is very difficult for you to understand a teaching and learning process, what is really going on. Which would be the intervention, let's say it like this, what does this teacher have to do to be effective at that moment? Probably, in many cases, it is to keep silent or sometimes just put the hand on the apprentice's shoulder or actually ask a question.
So the situation is very complicated and then I understand that the technologies still, I don't know if it will happen in 30, 40 years, but it still cannot execute, understand, that is, interpret this situation of being able to intervene effectively. We also cannot lose perspective of how liberating it can be for the child go to school. Maybe it's the first place where a child can fully exercise his uniqueness.
Good schools allow this child to relate to others and to become an individual. Let him expand his repertoire. Not necessarily, a school needs to be fated to be a school that will be blocking or not necessarily a school that will be limiting.
Maybe what we are talking about, ultimately, is that this school is not doing its job. [music] The school has not prepared itself to make this transition into the use of technology in curricular activities of what happens in the classroom. And here we were caught in a way by surprise in this pandemic.
Practically what we can do is a copy of what we did in the classroom using technology. No teacher was prepared for this. I made a publication here saying that I studied Piaget, I studied all the great theorists in education, I studied history.
I didn't study lighting, I didn't study to be youtuber. I am now forced to record videos and do things that no Teaching college taught in my generation, I don't know if they teach this now a days. Now do video lessons, which is an imitation of a face-to-face class, guys.
. . it doesn't make sense, "right" ?
! This is not distance learning. [music] There is a serious problem here, which is the question, first of you to allow access and access in this case is not just about having the technology, because people, today, in a way, have a cell phone, have a computer at home, etc.
But this phone is probably old, it can't upload videos, etc. And therefore it is not any technology that can make teaching possible more interesting, more appropriate using technology. Another problem is having access to the internet.
Generally people don't have enough internet speed to upload or download videos, etc. and this is a real problem. And teachers, the educational system in general, it is not prepared for the development of these activities using technology.
Why? Because basically everything that we know, everything that has been developed, in terms of educational materials, curriculi, etc. they were designed for paper and pencil, this from pre-school to postdoctoral education, everything is based on paper and pencil, in virtually all disciplines.
This teacher will not be able to do this alone, isolated there in the classroom, trying to come up with how to do this and the University alone will not be able to do this because it doesn't understand what goes on in the classroom and how this teacher is using this material. This marriage between the University and the school can be extremely useful in this production, in this passage, of the era of the pencil and paper curriculum, to a digital age curriculum. Let's think about students who live in slums.
They don't have internet access or if they do have it is for a little time. They don’t have video lessons, they don’t have teacher tutorials, they do not have anything. And these are the students that are going to take the Enem on the same date of those who are a minority, but who has access to distance teachers, to everything.
So how will these students be? It depends a lot on our response, the response of society. First of all, we need to put it in our minds that even if my kid is not in a public school, I have to fight for good public schools.
We need to stop thinking about things always looking at me, at me, at me or at those closest to me. No. We are part of a society, And nothing better than this pandemic to show us that we are interdependent.
[music] Something will be different from now on regarding the use of technology in education. Why? Because this teacher understood that some things he was doing, for example, using chalk and a blackboard, he can do it now, perhaps, in a different way using these technologies.
The student has also learned that part of what he was doing, maybe previously using paper and pencil, now a days he might be able to do using technology. The most problematic issue still is the intellectual access. The way you use these technologies so that you can really take advantage of what you do, of the information you access, what information, where do you go to get it, how do you really have a notion of what that is that you accessed is fact or is it can it really be believable, it is not fake news as we usually say.
That is, the issue of ethics, how you behave on these networks and so on. There is a problem there that you really train these people, in the sense that, until this moment the technologies, the devices that we had, they were very passive, they put people sitting on the couch, for example, watching things. [music] Digital technology pushes people into much bigger roles in a way that they can do things.
They can intervene, so to speak, and this requires them to get off the couch, get up from the couch, become more active and start developing things, to position themselves in this digital world and for thsi it will be nededed , it will be required, let's say so, a change in people's posture, a change in culture, how to behave in this digital cultured society. [music] Our ability to share generated the crisis of the truth. There is no truth.
Never has been, but now it falls apart in front of us. Fake news is far superior to what you are imagining. Do you think fake news is that scandalous, horrible "little deal", that the smartest soon….
No no no no. Fake news is from A to Z part of your life. To a degree that you have no idea what that means.
Especially for the sales of products, not just politics. Product sales manipulation. We have created new frontiers of knowledge.
This student is active even if he doesn't want to be. A teacher can try to do whatever he wants. Why is the student active?
Because while I'm talking you all will check and say: do you know that index you talked about? No it's not that. You can undo me now.
I finish, she gets up and and says: This what you said . . .
This is reality, this is fact. So the students are active. The inclusion of these technologies in education, they have, as a role, let's say so, almost secondary help these people to take a more active stance, an ethical, creative, collaborative stance, so to speak, a leading role in this digital society.
[music] So it's worth it for us to see this resistance to change, perhaps it is for fear of facing the unknown. That we are facing now. Let's take advantage of our experience and let's now leverage another.
We still have this idea that schools must all be the same. They do not have to, indeed they should not be. A school located in a certain community can be radically different from a school totally distant from that community.
This does not mean that one of the students of one of these schools will be adversely affected, because what you learn at school is not just content, amounts of content, but it's mainly methodology, how to work with the contents of systematized knowledge. The diversity of the world must be present in the school world. We need to have a diversity of schools.
Because a good school makes any student learn. This is a good school. So I don't care what you know, what matters is what you do with what you know.
So if you haven't been to school, but were able to get where I have got to, I will give you a title. This is education of the future. That is way schools may be unnecessary.
Where is a school needed? Intelligence, creativity, which is fundamental in our world, it exists only in exchange. Schools are key to have intellectual debates.
Na intellectual debate is fundamental. It is essential for the other to show you how wrong you are, it's wonderful in a school. Transmission of knowledge the internet does.
The video lesson that's posted there already and it is not from the school that the student attends. At the newsstand there are "little books" on how learn curiosities in mathematics and teach a lot. No.
Knowledge requires some critique. You have to learn how to do this. In today's world it is necessary to know how to differentiate correct information from the fake.
And for all of this, this is schooling. This is schooling. This contact is important, the presence of the student, of the teacher at school.
In this way the school still cannot be replaced as a place. for students, teachers, colleagues. Here there is a social, human value very important that technology, now that we are living through a pandemic, can't replace.
[music] Can we learn by ourselves? Yes, it is possible. It is possible.
And not even go to school, but we will become dumb, because it is necessary for knowledge to traverse the world, for others, for affections. So the school is a beautiful place. This is the future of the school.
The place of exchange, of incentive. So the children, since "very little", they will develop this intellectual capacity they will learn how to read the education of the future, will develop research methods, content filtering, data filtering, selection. This is what we will learn and interpret.
At the same time schools will receive these children and will bring along that world with each of them and will have to make a cauldron of this world through art, through creativity, through coexistence and joy.
