seein cosine tangent sign 3.14159 yeah that was the cheer we heard coming from the trigonometry Club back in the day for the rest of us in math class terms such as s tangent and Pi were just bewildering who invented these and why was their only purpose to make it harder for students well not quite trigonometry was invented by the ancient Egyptians they needed this knowledge to construct pyramid and they did a pretty good job too the Great Pyramid in Giza still stands today some 4,500 years after it was built no recalls either so let's get
out of that classroom and on a journey through time to reveal the secrets behind the ancient Egyptians Precision here you are standing on the Great Pyramids construction site some 9 mi from Cairo well the city still isn't there as you're surrounded only by the desert and teams of constru ruction workers they're transporting large stone blocks weighing 2 1/2 tons each they're inside a wooden sled that sits on large rollers a crew of eight men rolls these blocks along the ground you immediately think of the rollers on a supermarket cash register the principle is exactly the
same but the scale is greater much greater scientists estimate that the Egyptians use 2.3 million such blocks in the Great Pyramid alone and the Block in front of you is one of the lighter ones the heaviest of them weighed up to 15 Tons but where did all these blocks come from most of them originated from cories around Giza it's not that impressive you think but wait until you hear how ancient engineers transported the granite used in construction over 500 mil to the pyramid there were no Railways or highways back then but the mighty Nile was
always there rearch archers even believe that the Egyptians dug a canal to connect the Nile directly to the pyramid's construction site all they had to do then was to wait for the flood season to begin and voila the rising water levels floated the heavy stone blocks for them but how did they lift the enormous stones on dry land to stack them up to the top did they use oversized cranes well ancient Egyptians worked around this problem literally speaking one of the workers is now pointing to the giant ramp going around the pyramid they're building this
is how a Mountain Road zigzags its way to the Top If the ramp went directly to the top of the pyramid then workers couldn't pull the stone blocks along it it would be too steep scientists have calculated that 8% could be the maximum incline so ancient Egyptians just extended the ramp around the pyramid again these are all theories as the ramp could have been inside the pyramid and as some researchers suggest the exact building method is still a mystery guarded by the Sphinx that's its real name right wrong as the Great Sphinx is just the
statues Alias you know the name writers take when they want to hide their true identity or a singer stage name the Sphinx's real name translated from Egyptian means Horus in the Horizon that was the name for the Egyptian deity of the sky the trail of mystery doesn't end there as a man walks past you with a bucket of paint he's going to add a touch of color to the Great Sphinx researchers found specs of this red color next to its ear that was some strong paint as it survived for thousands of years you are now
standing straight in front of the Sphinx you look up it's very tall right 66 ft to be precise now resist the urge to take a selfie you can do it now you notice something else it looks like the Sphinx is in the center of a giant triangle in the back that's one side of the Great Pyramid and no your eyes are not playing tricks on you the Sphinx really does sit in the center of the pyramid's lateral face here's where math comes in handy a pyramid has four sides called lateral faces there's also a fifth
face the base but that's not visible it's wait for it face down the Sphinx has one last mystery to reveal its age scientists agree that Pharaoh kafer built the Sphinx he ruled after his father who had built a Great Pyramid nearby so both structures were finished around the same time let's talk about numbers again you've heard of Cleopatra the Egyptian princess described as a woman of great beauty hello she saw the pyramids but she lived closer to the time of the first iPhone then the time of the people who built the pyramids fascinating right you
can see thousands of people around you they're working hard to build the pharaoh's tomb but how many of them are there exactly one Greek philosopher estimated there were as many as 100,000 workers seems like an okay number for such an enormous structure but it can't be true science simply can't back up this number egyptologists put the total number of workers at 30,000 and yes Indiana Jones was one of them at least on the big screen but he showed up late egyptologists know a lot about the pyramids but not everything not because they don't want to
but because they haven't yet dug up enough evidence they can only guess how the building process went first Engineers would arrive to choose the right spot and do the necessary measurements that's why they needed all that complicated math then it's time for sourcing the material the large stone blocks I mentioned earlier when boats deliver them to the side of into the future pyramid workers can finally do their thing they operated in smaller groups but there were at least 2,000 of them chiseling and carving away at any given time sounds like a typical construction site today
well that's because it is just thousands of years ago it's amazing what ancient Egyptians were able to achieve with just copper and stone tools the pyramid is now complete in front of you but is it the same pyramid we see today why is this structure shining bright in the desert sun isn't it supposed to be a Dusty yellow color well no human activity and the elements have completely stripped the outer layer of stones over time expert Crafts People polished these blocks using nothing but Stone and sand the end result was a smooth and Shiny Rock
on the day it was completed the Great Pyramid of Giza was a perfect triangle of light its polished sides acted like giant mirrors reflecting the powerful Egyptian sun this is the point where you should put your glasses on and that shiny thing you see at the pyramid's very top is actually gold the Capstone at the top of the pyramid is called a pyramidan it was covered in sheets of gold as you can guess these were the first stones to disappear let's make another stop before we get you back to your classroom we travel to the
British aisles and know Stonehenge isn't our destination it is new graen range in County me scientists estimate that the ancient peoples of Ireland built this stone monument around the year 3200 BCE this makes it older than both Stonehenge and the Great Pyramid in Giza the function of the circular mound in newrange is the same as the one of the Great Pyramid and equally mysterious the estimated amount of loose Stone present in the valley is over 220,000 tons and it's not just random L thrown on a pile the order in which the stones are set makes
the structure water resistant that would explain how newrange had survived for so long kind of makes you want to Splash out the cash for that waterproof phone case huh well you're back in your school desk but today's math lecture is the last thing on your mind you're thinking about how great the Egyptian pyramids are and if we have something similar today it turns out modern Engineers are just as impressed with the Great Pyramid as you are there's a glass pyramid sitting in the main Courtyard of the famous Lou Museum in Paris the Panorama of San
Francisco wouldn't be complete without the 48 story Trans America pyramid but Las Vegas went the furthest there we find the luxar hotel it's so big that it's the third largest pyramid on the planet and guess what's in front of it yep a replica of the spin it's 110 ft tall two stories higher than the one in Giza yeah everything's bigger in Vegas that's it for today so hey if you pacified your curiosity then give the video a like and share it with your friends or if you want more just click on these videos and stay
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