here's a mouse here's a phone there is no dopamine in these objects there's no dopamine in here there's no like dopamine entering my brain from a mouse what happens is when I engage in certain activities those activities activate my brain that's where the dopamine is today we're going to talk about anhedonia which is the primary reason why I think a lot of people's lives feel really empty we have this idea that life should be full right it should be enjoyable there should be a lot of positive emotion we should look forward to the the future
we should be able to enjoy our day-to-day activities we should be proud of who we are but for many people today we struggle with all of those things we struggle with motivation we struggle with pleasure our emotions feel incredibly flat and the reason for that is something called anhedonia I know it sounds almost like too unbelievable right is there one concept or one thing going on in our brain that is responsible for all of these problems this is a paper called understanding anhedonia a qualitative study exploring loss of interest and pleasure in adolescent depression so
what we're going to do is just jump straight to like what anhedonia actually is and how it manifests and this is what we're going to talk about today so adolescence experience of anhedonia involves experiencing a loss of joy and a flattening of emotion struggling with motivation and active engagement losing a sense of connection and belonging and questioning sense of self purpose in the bigger picture so feeling less positive emotion and experiencing a cycle of boredom feeling dampened emotions feeling unmotivated but maintaining long-term aspirations right you want to you want to achieve all these things but
you're completely unmotivated to actually do them feeling unable to gain momentum or engage in effortful activities like wow everything is a slog right like it's so hard to gain momentum every day when I wake up it's so hard to like motivate myself and then even if I manage to motivate myself today tomorrow it's a slog again feeling disconnected from others feeling detached from the present reality reflecting on feelings uh reflecting on feelings identity and purpose losing a sense of purpose reflecting on experiences and how they view themselves figuring out experiences or living with uncertainty experiencing
a lack of agency and a narrowing perspective so lack of agency means not having control in life so like I know it's insane but this is a paper that describes what anhedonia feels like subjectively and the wild thing about this is that anhedonia is the cause of all of these problems because right now in society we have a fundamental problem our dopamine structure has been altered and with these alterations of our dopamine structure this is the result so in order to understand how to correct this because you can actually fix all of these problems if
you address the underlying cause which is the anhedonic brain okay so like we'll get to that so let's take a step back and start to understand you know where does this concept of anhedonia come from how did we discover it anhedonia was first discovered in schizophrenia so what like these old like people like Freud and and people in like the 1800s and 1900s discovered that people who suffered from schizophrenia were incredibly unmotivated so even though we can sort of we can stop their hallucinations and delusions and paranoia we have a lot of good medications that
do that these are things called antis psychotic medications even though we can stop the hallucinations for some reason people with schizophrenia just don't seem motivated so even if we can stop their hallucinations they quit their jobs they're not able to engage in work they don't seem ambitious at all they kind of just exist from day to day these are called negative symptoms of schizophrenia and a primary negative symptom of schizophrenia is anhedonia the other place that we discovered anhedonia was in major depressive disorder so we noticed that when people were depressed they no longer derived
pleasure from activities that they used to find pleasurable so life for people who are depressed just is in Shades of Gray right like they don't they just don't enjoy doing things anymore so eating doesn't feel good playing games doesn't feel good going to work doesn't feel good literally their brain's capacity to experience or derive pleasure from activities became diminished so we sort of noticed that anhedonia existed in schizophrenia we noticed that it existed in major depressive disorder and as we investigated these two disorders we noticed that this is actually a common construct so originally it
was like a motivation in schizophrenia but that all of these circuits are related and what we discovered when we sort of studied schizophrenics is we asked them why don't you feel like doing anything and the answer that we sort of ended up with is when they do things they no longer experience any pleasure from them and so this is what anhedonia is it is the in ability to experience pleasure which results in a motivational problem and so this is kind of what we're talking about today okay hey y'all if you're enjoying today's video check out
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super easy to cancel if you find that it's not a great value so check us out at healthy gamer. gmers now back to the video so let's look at this anhoni and Trauma exposed individuals functional connectivity and decision-making corelates so anadon also has to do a lot with our decision- making so there is also a growing literature indicating that ANH hadon symptoms in reward processing deficits are outcomes of traumatic stress among individuals who do not meet criteria for PTSD so we're starting to discover childhood traumas is associated with elevated anhedonia and altered core reward circuitry
in major depression patients and controls so we used to think anhedonia was restricted to people who had mood disorders or people who had schizophrenia right so most of us Dodge the bullet but there is a grow body of research that suggests that anhedonia is is possible if you're a quote unquote healthy control who experienced adversity in childhood like that's super scary if you've gone through traumatic or difficult experiences and even if you don't have PTSD it can alter your brain to make your brain more anhedonic so this is actually what we're seeing so much of
we'll get to technology in a second because that certainly doesn't help but this is kind of what I'm seeing is like when I look on the internet what I see is two groups of people there's a group of people who seems to enjoy life and it seems like so unfair because they have it all they work hard they make a lot of money they have fulfilling relationships and they work out and they develop creative like Pursuits right they're like learning how to play the violin right at the age of 35 and I remember there was
a guy in my med school who was like this like so I had a friend in med school who was just better than me in every single way so he had better grades than me ended up doing neuro Radiology which is insane he we both played games so he was a gamer but he was like better than me at video games he was a workout Warrior he ate incredibly healthy he was like a good-look dude he was very social as well and I was like this is not fair this guy is better than me in
every single Dimension and then there are like other people like this is what I used to be right which are people who struggle every day to be motivated they struggle every day they don't even enjoy the things that they should be enjoying I'm procrastinating all the time I'm not at doing any of my work because I'm not motivated at all but even when I procrastinate it's not like I'm living the life of my dreams and this seems so unfair right it's so unfair that some people seem to have it all and some of us struggle
to do the bare minimum and what's the difference the difference is anhedonia for the people who have it all this is what I want youall to understand their brain naturally motivates them to work out to learn creative Pursuits to even enjoy video games to study it motivates them very naturally they derive more pleasure from all of these activities and if you're someone who's always wondered like why can't I grind in real life the way that I grind in a video game the reason is anhedonia if you fix your anhedonic circuitry your ability to derive pleasure
and motivate yourself towards IRL stuff will drastically improve and we're going to show you research to that effect so like remember anonia was discovered like 100 years ago right so we discovered that people were amotivated we discovered anadon and depression which is the inability to experience pleasure but now because of advances in Neuroscience we've literally figured out how anhedonia Works through a combination of different like studying people have strokes in certain parts of the brain looking at diseases like dementia Parkinson so par Parkinson's is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in a particular part of the
brain and we've also started to do things like deep brain stimulation so now when we have like a Parkinson's patient we literally like not cut open their skull but cut open their skull and will insert electrodes that will stimulate certain parts of the brain and so now we have this very very robust functional neuroanatomy as well as understanding anhedonia from all of these different conditions so we understand it from the depressive perspective from the schizophrenic perspective from the deep brain stimulation perspective so we basically figured out anhedonia the problem is all of these advances have
not translated to like everyday Joe Schmo people like me and you and so instead what we have is a gigantic culture of people who are trying to dopamine detox and they're trying to like optimize their performance and they're taking all these supplements and this is this is because they don't understand the fundamentals of how our dopaminergic circuitry in the brain works so once we understand these fundamentals which we're going to lay out for you now it'll help you like un like you'll understand the basics right so this will be like you know the best analogy
I can think of is that there are some people who use a lot of fancy ingredients when they cook right I'm going to use truffle oil and ghost peppers and all this really fancy crap but then there are some people who are just good at making food right I'm really good at making a simple grilled cheese sandwich I need three ingredients I need bread I need cheese I need butter I don't need anything special I don't need anything fancy or I'm really good at making a steak give me salt give me pepper give me meat
that's all I need I'll make a hamburger give me salt give me pepper give me meat that's all I need so today what we're going to teach yall is instead of all this fancy stuff about New Tropics and psychedelics and all this crap we're going to teach you the basics of how dopamine circuitry Works we're also going to show you all a couple of very important papers and then we are going to discover what is the difference between people who are motivated for all kinds of stuff and enjoy every aspect of life and people who
are completely unmotivated have disconnections from reality have aspirations but don't work towards them and don't even enjoy wasting their time here is the nucleus accumbent the nucleus accumbent gives us dopamine okay so dopamine in the nucleus accumbent does three things it gives us pleasure it gives us cravings and it gives us behavioral reinforcement so if I think about my life when I eat I don't know like a slice of pizza it gives me pleasure what do I want tomorrow I want pizza and what do I do tomorrow I eat pizza right so it gives us
pleasure this is something called hedonics Cravings are wanting so this is also like the future orientation what does that mean so craving is about wanting that thing again tomorrow and then the last thing that it does is it reinforces a behavior right so it causes us to act again so I I don't know if this makes sense but these are three fundamentally different things okay this is pleasure this is wanting to do it again in the future and this is actually like taking the action so the wanting to do it and the actual act are
like two different things right so we got to be subtle but you all have to understand that you can want to work out but actually working out and wanting to work out are two incredibly different things so what do we see in anhedonia what we see is a problem with the dopaminergic circuitry okay so when we see a problem with the dopaminergic circuitry we are not able to engage in pleasure we aren't getting Cravings towards those things and we don't have behavioral reinforcement so all of these three things become X's so if you look at
like the op people in life right these are the people who work out and play games and are better MMR than you have higher r than you and are more social and are more professionally successful and are healthier what's the difference between them and you okay or I'll say them and us so their dop and energic circuitry gives them pleasure from working out if it gives them pleasure from work out they crave working out and if they crave working out out they are going to work out tomorrow now you may say Dr K that's absurd
how do we how do we actually achieve this so we're going to show you so this is what's Wild there's a bunch of neuros science research bunch of clinical research but this is a paper about the computational structure of consumatory in honia so what does this mean okay um what processes determine how intensely reward is experienced okay I want yall to understand what I'm about to show you CU it's going to blow your mind see we think that certain activities are pleasurable right we look at things like technology video games porn drugs whatever and we
say this thing contains more pleasure than another thing like exercising there is an intrinsic amount of pleasure in these activities this is false so I don't know if this makes sense bear with me here's a mouse here's a phone there is no dopamine in these objects there's no dopamine in here there's no like dopamine entering my brain from a mouse what happens is when I engage in certain activities those activities activate my brain that's where the dopamine is and what we know from studies on deep brain stimulation and schizophrenia and depression and Huntington's disease and
Parkinson's disease right because each of these diseases gives us a different understanding of the engine of dopamine okay this is where the oil goes this is where the gas goes this is where the Pistons are this is where the combustion happens we figured out what all the pieces are and the cool thing that we discovered is that the dopamine reward that you you get is determined by the brain not by the activity and I know that sounds insane but let's remember there are the op people in the rest of us and how are the op
people so op because all of the activities the healthy activities that they do give them large amounts of dopamine so it's not in the activity itself it is actually in the brain and we know that because if you get Parkinson's that part of the brain will become busted and if that part of the brain becomes busted you no longer d pleasure from it you no longer get motivated to it we also see that in major depression so when someone is depressed one of the key diagnostic features of depression is the inability to experience pleasure from
activities that you usually find pleasurable so I want you all to think about that for a second in depression what we discovered is this thing playing video games is pleasurable but something can change in my brain that takes away the pleasure that you normally get which means what is the determining factor for the pleasure it's actually in the brain and today we're going to show you how to increase the dopaminergic response which will result in more pleasure more craving for the activity as well as more behavioral reinforcement okay so not only do we understand like
the anatomy and all the neuros circuitry and all this kind of stuff right so this is like this is a great paper that talks about you know neurophysiological basis of anhedonia genetic studies prognos tic value treatment of anodia so we've figured out all that stuff and now we have the next level of research which is what processes determine how intensely a reward is experienced what that means is that what determines how much dop a mean you get from an activity I don't understand too much of this paper right so it's quite complex but then they
did this like I don't even know what this means but this is the level of dopam energic theory because this is an opinion it's it's a hypothetical paper but it's it's based on good data okay so we can like calculate like I don't know what this is like but we can literally like calculate or we have some equations that calculate the amount of dopamine that we get from things but we don't need to understand that because this is the this is where the money is a new model of subjective honic experience so this is what
I want yall to pay attention to and we'll I'll explain this in my own way so here's the key thing to understand we have two people okay person purple and person yellow and person purple and person yellow do the same thing so this is self-care okay so this is a study where person purple in person yellow engage in the same amount of self-care so they do something like I don't know I guess eat a hamburger which I guess qualifies a self-care what they discover is that even though the two people eat the same Burger the
amount of pleasure that these people experience is different the same Burger results in this much pleasure value change here's the value change so it results in this much pleasure for the yellow person and this much pleasure from the purple person okay so do you all get that like this means that a different amount of pleasure is experienced for these two people we'll get to this in a second don't worry about this look at the the pleasure that this person gets and the pleasure that this person gets this is op this person is enjoying things a
lot more even though in selfcare so this is kind of how they're ranking selfcare this is zero self-care this is seven self-care both people are moving from 2 to now the question becomes if the pleasure is in the burger why don't both people experience the same amount of pleasure what's different between these people and the different difference this is so broken is the level of career attainment so if we rank career attainment from 1 to 7 or I guess 1 to six what we find is that if you're at the top of career attainment if
the purple person is up here so they're at a six out of six for career attainment they have an awesome job this person is at a four out of six on Career attainment they have a good job what we discover is that the higher you are on Career the more pleasure a burger gives you so this is what's op this person has a better job this person has makes more money now not only do they have a better job and they make more money and feel more fulfilled in their career but feeling fulfilled in their
career allows them to derive more pleasure from a burger right so I want yall to think about that the the better my life is the more pleasurable everything becomes which is broken right and also explains why so many people are struggling in so many dimensions because the further down on the totem pole you are the crappier everything is if I don't have a good job I don't have a good relationship I'm lonely I my health isn't good playing a video game doesn't even give me as much pleasure as playing play a video game if all
of those other things were fixed people experience all of these things together a flattening of emotion struggling with motivation a a losing a sense of self and connection and belonging and questioning sense of self-purpose in the bigger picture all of that comes together so now what I'm going to do I know it's insane but now we're going to understand why this happens and once we understand why it happens then we're going to understand immediately how to fix it so here's what the brain does so our brain says I have health this is important to me
I want to have fun and I have a career let's say we've got three dimensions right so in in this paper we saw two remember this has two Dimensions the career Dimension and the self-care Dimension so let's say that I I have a scale of 1 to 10 in each of these things so let's say that I am at a one out of Health I'm at a one out of fun and one out of career and this goes up to 10 so this is how our brain literally calculates the level of exper the level of
pleasure we get so it says we're at a 1 out of 10 for each of these things this means our total score that we want to achieve is 30 we have a lot of progress that we need to make right so I have to move up nine points in each of these so I am at 3 out of 30 which means that I need need to do 27 units I need 27 units of progress to fix my life so if we look at this person this person needs two units of career Improvement and 1 2
3 three four units of self-care Improvement right so they need a total of six units of progress to end up over here we want fulfilling career and we want fulfilling selfcare this person by contrast is already maxed out on career and they just need four units okay does that kind of make sense so what this means so I want yall to think about this so if I need 27 units of progress and I go to the gym which is+ one what this means is now I'm at 4 out of 30 and I need 26 units
of progress so how much have I gone up I have gone up by let's say about 3% technically it's a little bit more 3 to 4% so my brain is looking at all of the things that I need to do and as I make one step of progress literally what it does is it looks at the total amount of work that has been accomplished and what it does is gives me a commensurate amount of dopamine so if I need to do 27 units of progress and I make one unit of progress plus one it gives
me 127th of dopamine because it's like hey bro we're not done we have so much left to do so I'm going to just give you a tiny reward for a a tiny amount of progress so in your life I want youall to imagine that you're in a class when do you derive the most pleasure from being in a class so at the beginning of the semester you've got three tests in a final when you finish the first test you get some pleasure hey that test is over but you've still got these other things looming in
front of you when you walk out of the final how do you feel you're done you're finished hell yeah son let's go let's celebrate let's party but if you look at it taking that final is let's say 2 hours of work you've done 200 hours of work over the semester why is it that the first two hours I studied for 2 hours the first week of class was I like hell yeah let's go pumped yeah I shed for 2 hours I have 198 time to go son no of course not you don't experience a ton
of pleasure in fact the opposite oh my God I just did 2 hours of work I have 198 hours of work left the pleasure is not from the work that you do it's not from the activity it is from your brain's calculation of how much more work there is to do and that's what this shows us when someone has one thing maxed out the amount of pleasure that they get because the total amount of stuff they have to do is less the amount of pleasure that they get is way higher okay so what this means
I I'll kind of think it tell you all this way so we get 127th of of dopamine because you know we just made one point of progress so we get 127th now let's say that my career was maxed out I was at a 10 out of 10 out of career and I was a 10 out of 10 of Health I work out 6 days a week and I make $270,000 a year cuz that apparently is the new standard for being like maximum income that leads to happiness saw a study about that recently and then I'm
one out of 10 for fun so now I go on vacation okay and I get I start to have fun on vacation so I get a plus one so my brain says I have 10 total units of fun to have I'm going to do plus one now I'm at a two out of 10 and I'm at 20% dopam energic signal as opposed to 3 to 4% of a dopaminergic signal if I have a ton of stuff to do this is what we learned from the research on anhedonia right so the and it kind of makes
sense because when you you know when you're done with something or the closer that you get to being done the more fulfilled you are the more fulfilling things are right so who experiences the most pleasure in life right so let let me give you all another example let's say that I have a great career I'm healthy and then I fall in love and now my life is perfect so if my life is perfect because I'm checking all of the major boxes then how much pleasure do you think I experience I experience so much pleasure because
everything is going well in life versus if I have nothing going on and even if I fall in love what does that feel like yall know what I'm talking about because we fall in love all the time right even if our life is I have this one Bastion of Hope but the rest of my life is a smoldering mess I don't know what I'm doing I don't know who I am I'm not having any fun I'm not taking care of myself this is the one thing that I've got doesn't bring us maximal pleasure because everything
else is falling apart duh now the question becomes if this is true how do we fix this right so are you are you telling me Dr K that what I need to do is put together every dimension of my life in order to experience pleasure no not at all so I have three dimensions that I need to level up in and I'm over here I'm over here and I'm over here so this is this box represents all of the progress that I need to make because anhedonia and the dopam energic reinforcement that we get is
percentage based satisfaction divided by total wants so there are two things that we can do you can say Dr K are you telling me that if I'm out of three out of 30 I need to gain 27 points no I'm not there are two ways to get to 100% this is one way 3 out of 30 + 27 out of 30 equals 100% what's the other way math geniuses oh that's right 3 out of 30 we can turn that into 3 out of 10 and then we'll be at 30% or we can even turn that
into 3 out of three and then we'll be at 100% that's the other thing that we can do what are you saying Dr K are you saying that I should want less you're damn right I'm saying you should want less and it's not just me because there was this guy named goam budha who was like you know what this is going to be whack but I'm going to teach y'all something really cool the less that you want in life the more bliss that you will find budda figured this crap out like 3,000 years ago he
discovered this fundamental principle that the less that we want the more happy we will be now there are a couple of important things about this this doesn't mean that you should overall total want less we're going to talk about the the specifics of it right so this is what I've learned from Clinical Focus there are three ways to think about taking a test I can think about a test as I'm just focused on the test I'm not focused on the final I can also think about focusing on the class as a whole so I'm thinking
about the three Monon span so one case is a one-month span one case is a three-month span and one case is not even a three-month span it's a fouryear span because oh my God my GPA my GPA my GPA over the course of four years which person experiences less the least pleasure the person who's worried about all four years because think about it right even if you do well on one test you have not guaranteed yourself a 4.0 GPA over 4 years so you can't relax because the scope of the problem that you have in
your mind is so big and this is what we see we see that people who are very anxious people who are very depressed what kinds of words do they use in terms of time I'm always going to be alone I'll never find a boyfriend I'll never find a girlfriend is this what the rest of my life is supposed to be like so I don't know if yall have seen these posts or you experience this stuff but I see all these posts about people saying is this all that life is I go to work for from
9:00 to 5 I commute for half an hour I do laundry I work out a little bit and then I go to sleep and then it's rinse and repeat for 40 years this is is what life is so think about the time scale that they're operating at think about in their brain what is the Target that they're setting they're they're thinking about a huge they have a gigantic denominator I have to do this and I have to do this I have to do this I have to do this I have to do this I have
to do this I have do this I have to do this and what do we sort of tell people to do right what are the people who are sort of happy in life what do they do they sort of focus on one one thing at a time and it's not just that focusing on one thing at a time it's not like a productivity thing I mean it does become a productivity thing we'll get to that in a second but the key thing that they're doing is reducing their denominator so the more that you reduce your
denominator the more pleasure you will experience now people say but Dr K if I reduce my denominator does that mean that I lose ambition no this is the most OP thing so when you reduce your denominator what is actually happening to your dopam energic circuitry when you're reducing your denominator you getting more dopamine right so if we're getting a 20% dopamine signal instead of a 3% we are increasing our pleasure we are increasing our cravings and we are increasing our behavioral reinforcement if you do a 50% bump of dopamine by reducing your denominator you are
going to get more pleasure more craving and more behavioral reinforcement right so as you advance you will start to do healthy things more and more and more and this is what's kind of weird about this is that we're also increasing Behavior avior Al reinforcement so this is what's sort of weird it flips around our dopamin energic circuitry so I wrote a book it's good yall should check it out if you've got kids it's called how to raise a healthy gamer when I wrote a book I felt fulfilled and it took me a grand total of
34 days before I started writing my second one because now I derive pleasure from it now I I crave it I want to do it again let's go this is how I work s days a week it's Thanksgiving tomorrow and I'm working and I'm hyped look at my face this is awesome I love doing this I'm so lucky so if you guys are struggling with this let's take a look experiencing a loss of joy and flattening emotion struggling with motivation and active engagement losing a sense of connection and belonging questioning sense of self purpose in
the bigger picture all of these things are related to your dopam energic circuitry fundamentally and what do we want to do we want to focus on one thing at a time we want only one axis so you guys can do one Axis or what you can do is shrink this way so you can focus on a 3X3 Cube instead of a 6x7 cube or a 2x2 Cube or a 1x1 Cube if you want to become an OP person and you want to be more motivated enjoy life have a sense of who you are have purpose
and actually work towards your aspirations you need to shrink your wants so don't worry about all the crap that you want don't worry about all the crap that you need to do because all that stuff overwhelms us mentally right we think about all these things and here's the experience of it it's wild I went to the gym today and what does my mind tell me oh my God I have so far to go oh my God it's so hard oh my God I should have started a long time ago technically you made progress but there's
no pleasure and when there's no pleasure with progress what do you expect so two other subtle things we have to talk about the first is let's talk about technology so when we have all of these things that we need to do when we've got a gigantic denominator this is why we become addicted to technology because the things that we normally would give us pleasure are not giving us a large amount of pleasure because our denominator is huge and so if activities like studying and working out and cooking for yourself are not giving you pleasure then
what we need is a strong source of dopamine so remember how I said that there's no dopamine in the hamburger it's not that there's no dopamine in the hamburger it's that the majority of dopamine is actually in here and at the same time if we're not getting a whole lot of dopamine from life we become dependent on crappy sources of dopamine like technology video games drugs whatever take your pick right so this creates a vulnerability because regular life is not dopaminergically reinforcing so now we become we become vulnerable to these spurts of dopamine from these
like from things like Tik Tok or YouTube shorts or Instagram reals or whatever so that's something we also have to keep in mind is that we want to sort of reduce that kind of behavior but also our dependency on that behavior depends on the amount of pleasure that we get from other activities so I don't waste 12 hours a day on Reddit why is that that's because this is actually more fun for me than Reddit is and all I'm thinking about today I'm not thinking about the 300 videos that I have to make over the
next year I'm just thinking about this one which brings us to the second point which is how do you reduce your wants but this is where I encourage yall to focus on shrinking that box as much as possible so notice in your mind how when you study your mind sort of says oh I have to do all of this stuff and literally that is the moment that you get robbed of the pleasure of your achievement so catch that moment be like okay I'm going to set those thoughts aside I did this this is what I'm
going to focus on right and if there's a ton of stuff that you're missing in life let it go don't worry about a relationship right now focus on one thing at a time right so this is all we've already figured these answers out but we haven't understood how it works or why it works and what I want youall to understand is when I'm telling you to focus on one thing at a time or reduce your desires Poss as much as possible it's like oh Dr K we've tried that well this is what I want youall
to understand now here's what I hope is different I want youall to understand what the price of that is when I have all of these unfulfilled desires it makes it very difficult for me to progress in any of them and so as you think about all of these wild Ambitions you have tone it down tone it down tone it down tone it down catch your thoughts of ambition and I want this and I want this and I want this and I want this no tone it down shrink the box as much as possible and as
you shrink the box your pleasure will increase and don't worry about ambition the ambition will come right as you get that behavioral reinforcement and you get that pleasurable activity you will crave more of the action that is the switch that you need to flip hey y'all hope you enjoyed today's video we talk about a bunch of topics like this on the channel so be sure to subscribe for more if you're already subscribed GG and we'll see you in chat [Music] for for
