How Climate Change destabilizes States and triggers Conflicts | ENDEVR Documentary

Pakistan's Himalayan glazers are melting at the fastest rate in human history nearly 36% of its ice sheet will be gone by 2100 in a battle for water in Kashmir a nuclear Flash point between India and Pakistan impacting the water needs of more than 2 billion people in South Asia with Rising heat waves in mega cities increasing water consumption communities are fighting over dwindling Supplies B inside illegal theft area I don't think many pakistanis know how bad it is could an ambitious tree planting Drive save the melting glazers so we want to restore 10 lakh hectars

in Pakistan right now [Music] Karachi Pakistan's largest city with a population of 20 million the economic nerve center of the country is brought To a stand a severe heat wave strikes the southern Port City in June 2015 with temperatures as high as 49° C the Blazing Sun causes total Mayhem unaware and unprepared more than 2,000 people across Karachi perish from dehydration and heat stroke hospitals are ill equipped to deal with such a Calamity the Abasi Shahed Hospital Mory runs out of Space as a result Mass graves are dug to dispose off the [Music] bodies memories

of 2015 have come back to haunt Karachi today in 2019 the heat wave has returned with average daytime temperatures hitting 49° the synth government declares a Citywide emergency we head out to the Abasi Shahed Hospital's heat stroke Unit to our surprise there are no heat stroke patients today 201 Karachi government officials are also better prepared mobile units equipped with water sprays are deployed strategically during the hotter hours of the day despite the 49° temperature today no casualties are reported This Is The New Normal in Karachi an international climate report Puts Pakistan at number six on

the list of top 10 countries most affected by climate change and in mega cities like Karachi lack of trees miles of asphalt roads and tall buildings have increased heat absorption making matters worse is an unchecked growing population in poorly plant yet densely populated [Music] settlements Karachi um is a spectacular Example of population explosion it was a small coastal city which became the capital city and it is now the largest city so population you have more people you need more water you more shops and factories you need more also mismanagement Karachi did not manage to protect

its water courses with Rising temperatures the massive population of Karachi consumes more water Karachi needs 1.1 billion gallons Daily to supply water to roughly 20 million residents but the water board the city's Water distributor is only able to provide 550 million gallons per day Muhammad Arif is a resident of kurangi his tap Runs Dry [Music] broken water distribution lines multiply the problem for karachiites at 2: a.m. Arif arrives at the main distribution pipeline of the government 100 m from his home he plans to divert water to his home with the aid of hoses and a

handheld motor there are nearly a million people in this neighborhood of kurangi alone and everyone's thirsty [Music] so what does the Water Board karachi's Water distributor have to say basically transmission G EV as water becomes rare and difficult to access a black market is thriving according to the Karachi water and surage board 42% of water is lost in distribution before reaching consumers so where does all this water go we go in search of karachi's water Thieves for an answer to this question after watch deliberation we finally convince a water Thief to take us to his

theft point we filmed the process Secretly going and we're going to film this [Music] [Music] we're inside illegal um sft area this is how water is p in Kar the water Thief takes us to a congested slum in the meantime The Mastermind arrives to explain how it [Music] works connection Nor simp per month he takes us to where he steals the water from water that he then sells at exorbitant rates while government officials get their cut [Music] corruption and disrepair hamper water access for millions in Pakistan's largest city it costs millions of Dollars in losses

to the National ex cheer this stolen water is diverted from the poor to the rich who can pay more a short-term solution the city developed for its water needs were water tankers that now control much of karachi's water distribution more than 10,000 tankers operate in the city under government control making an estimated 50,000 delivery trips to Consumers across Karachi each day but with few checks and balances Excessive bribes kick in when heat waves hit Karachi allowing tanker drivers to jack up rates as they will delivery of a 1,000g water tanker now costs between and $18

per trip this is a steep price especially for larger poorer families who spend a third of their income on Stolen water a global study projects that nearly 5 billion people will live in water stress regions by 2050 while the United Nations as estimate that water shortages can displace hundreds of millions of people as early as 2030 water is a massive political issue in Karachi and Corruption is in the middle of it all with one political party depriving the water needs of another party's constituency it is a reality disaster Kar It's Ecom resources unequal distribution and

it is really alarming while solving karachi's Water Crisis seems like a distance pipe dream the residents of Karachi are left with no option but to buy stolen [Music] water after the break we embed with the Karachi water task force in their efforts to stop water theft Karachi Pakistan's largest city has an epidemic to capitalize on climate change related water shortages karachi's black market for water is thriving millions of dollars worth of government water is being stolen and sold to people who can pay a premium so the Karachi water board has stepped up their efforts Chief

security officer tabish razza heads the task force against water theft Inform [Music] as soon as we reach the location the thieves are spotted and the raid begins for for [Music] a water motor is confiscated in the raid as tabish explains the kind of money Changing Hands in karachi's illegal water industry for tabish has received another tip off from A neighboring town a textile Factory is stealing and reselling water [Music] is going Factory the illegal pump from the B is taken out and confiscated this is a daily routine for tabish and his team they arrest the

perpetrators and Destroy 10 pumps a day but in a city of 20 million people and with limited resources the Karachi Water board can only play catchup with the thieves and climate change will only worsen karachi's water RS climate change will mean more floods it will mean more droughts it will mean heat waves like the one we saw in Karachi 2 years ago it will mean reduction in the quantity and reduction in the quality of water both are serious there will be significant Health Impacts soaring temperatures in South Asia are reaching Peak levels due to Rising

greenhouse gas emissions the heat is melting the water wall of South Asia the Himalayas that Supply water to the rest of the subcontinent the glazers in Northern Pakistan in the disputed region of Kashmir are the biggest ice ice sheets outside the polar regions these ice sheets are melting we drive 15 hours from Islam Abad to gulmit a village in Northern Pakistan to investigate its impact according to a new study 36% of the glazers found in the region will be gone by 2100 satara Parvin is a glazi olist who has studied these ice sheet for a

decade this was once the area which had plenty of water from this gler because the glacier was much higher and even up to the level of this morines you can see here this morine it shows that the the Level was much higher so the water was uh recharging these uh irrigation channels the Glaciers are very sensitive to climate they act according to the temperature and the precipitation when it's hot it melts a lot since 1988 the Snow Line in Northern Pakistan has receded by 1.1 km what scientists and glazi olist thought wasn't possible in 1,000

years has happened within 30 if Global emissions stay at current Levels future Generations may never see ice in South Asia [Music] these Glaciers are also important for these farmers who are living here who depend on these agricultural for their livelihoods because you can see this uh that this is very moisted deficit area less rainfall in these plain areas where uh this GLA the people uh practice agriculture so it's not possible without the water from these Glaciers nestled in the arum mountains as high as 23,000 ft Village communities like these are vulnerable welcome welcome we welcome

you today we welcome you today we welcome Lakes forming within the Glaziers often burst causing flash floods destroying life and property Downstream [Music] shaad Al a local resident in tour guide takes us to the gulan Glazier due to pollution fine particles of black carbon are deposited onto white glazers speeding up the melting process [Music] [Music] after a three-hour trik over ice we arrive at the gulan Glazier one of the largest in Northern Pakistan stream of water run down into the crevices collecting at the bottom of the Glazier as the sun blazes onto the ice Sheet

shaut points out this water collects into a massive Lake within the Glazier that can burst any time and flood the village Downstream in June 2019 a glacial Lake formed in the neighboring shisa Glazier that form forced the government to react local officials hurriedly built a concrete wall to prevent the water from bursting the banks but they stood no chance in front of the Savage wall of water that came Hurtling down at the Village Tark remembers that fateful day basically B Dem tar believes more than 30 homes were washed away and if proper planning was done

they could have been saved 80% wall as it is constant 20% 200 ft 200t is nothing Tariq takes us to the shisa Glazier he believes it's the next Disaster in the making this black Glazier is physically moving 5 to 6 M A Day Downstream to the Village due to Rising temperatures and local communities are concerned if it's going to destroy homes again be the region is expected to face Mass Water shortages in around 50 years when glazers become too small after the break we take you to the highest militarized Zone in the World where India

and Pakistan are battling a war on top of a glazier Pakistan has been bestowed with five of the biggest rivers in the world the mighty indis jalum chinab Ravi and Sul that have cascaded down the plains of the Punjab for hundreds of years these rivers are formed by melting glazers in the karakorum and Himalayan ranges one such Glazier is nestled between India and Pakistan in the Eastern Karakorum range in the Himalayas it's called the siin Glazier and is claimed in full by both Pakistan and India it's been disputed territory after the two countries split in

1947 the contended area is a sheet of ice nearly 1,000 square mil in total unable to settle the land dispute diplomatically troops were amassed on top of the Glazier by both countries Pakistan and India have spent Millions of dollars a month to keep troops posted here at 6,700 M it is the highest militarized Zone in the world the dispute over land between India and Pakistan transcends Downstream to the waters that continue to flow from India to Pakistan after partition in 1947 India and Pakistan were unsure of how to share water hence the Indus water treaty

was signed in 1960 between then Indian Prime Minister jawahar L Neu and Pakistani president Ayub Khan in Karachi brokered by the World Bank the treaty allowed both countries to used the water available in the indust system of rivers the two countries because of historic problems and animosity and hostility could not agree on joint management so it was considered that a second partition should take Place Pakistan got the rights to use the three Western Rivers the indas jalm and tab exclusively while India won the rights to use the three Eastern Rivers the Ravi sutle and Bas

but today tensions between the nuclear neighbors over a Kashmir is putting pressure on this water treaty the Hindu nationalist BJP led by Prime Minister Modi as rattle things Modi now wants to build dams to block the flow of water into Pakistan making the indust river a hotspot that might escalate into a nuclear war [Music] I think the next fight would be on water actually the world is going to fight on a water and we never realized indust water treaty when it was done in' 70s that was the time that we could solve this problem but

India always more authoritative never obey the rules even if they are Internationals so this Treaty remained what would I say it it remained just in the books Pakistan semiarid climate means more than 90% of harvests depend on irrigation you're going to have pakistanis receiving less water so when you receive less water you blame the supplier so there is a potential uh uh source of conflict and the Secretary General in his report the UN Secretary General made a specific reference to India and Pakistan and said That climate change is is likely to put pressure on the

endus water treaty which has served the two countries well for almost 60 years despite four full-blown Wars India and Pakistan have never had a water War but the situation in the disputed region of Kashmir is escalating a majority of Pakistan's Rivers originate from Indian administered Kashmir and in August 2019 India did the unthinkable India's dams released nearly 6 million lers of water per second into Pakistan without intimation the Pakistani province of Punjab was flooded drowning hundreds of Acres of agricultural land Islamabad reacted angrily it claimed this unexpected release of water into the river sutl that

flows from India to Pakistan was part of an attempt by New Delhi to flout the Indus water treaty this was followed by the revocation of article 370 in 2019 to Eliminate the special status of Indian administered Kashmir an area claimed by Pakistan open as geopolitical realities mix with a potential water War the reaction in Pakistan administered Kashmir is [Music] intense we travel to Pakistan controlled Kashmir at the Frontline of this complex battle where tempers are reaching boiling point jamu Kashmir kmir [Music] jamu nendra Modi Raj Singh [Applause] such rallies in Pakistan administered Kashmir have become

routine pist frequent protests are putting pressure on the Pakistani army to liberate Indian administered Kashmir and secure the supply of water for Mainland Pakistan as Well [Music] [Music] the governments of Pakistan administered Kashmir fears that Prime Minister Modi May usurp the Indus water treaty and leave Pakistan in a drought-like situation in a NeverEnding conflict between two nuclear armed countries more than 50,000 kashmiris have lost their lives will the water dispute claim More after the break we look at Prime Minister Imran Khan's billion tree tsunami that's being built as the idea that could save the region

December 2019 New Delhi is in the grips of an intense smog the air quality index reads as high as 1,000 the smog transcends the Border over to parts of Pakistan a Blame Game erupts between Politicians on either side of the Border it never stopped its uh kissan to to BN the rice husk it never stopped it people for the or the BTA mazour for a brick kills next time through our foreign Ministry for this Kashmir issue or for any bilateral talk third agenda should be this smoke and all this pollution between India and Pakistan and

again I'm saying Pakistan has done a lot India has not NASA's satellite data shows a heavy Concentration of fires on the Indian side and far fewer on the Pakistani side of the border the end result was a deadly Smog and downgrading of air quality across the subcontinent particularly in India cricket star turned prime minister Imran Khan's surprising response grabbed headlines his party the Pakistan tii insaf spearheaded billion tree tsunami in 2014 at a cost of $169 million this was the Pakistani Government's response to the challenge of global warming in South Asia Pakistan has the lowest

tree cover in the region giving it more reason to reforest a billion trees were planted from 2014 to 2018 but prime minister Khan isn't stopping here he has vowed to plants 10 billion trees in the next 5 years of his government 10 billion tree tsunami but before that it was actually billion Tre tsunami uh it was started by the Prime Minister Imran Khan at that time he was Not a prime minister and we had a one Province government that was called kpk this was the first green initiative that our country started in 73 years it

was one of the different and the finest um project that any government on provincial level started so it was billiant Tre tsunami and it has made the marks on the on the history on the world the plan is to increase the forest cover in the country and attract rains That will reduce Rising temperatures in total Pakistan has restored 350,000 hectares of forest and degraded land to surpass its Bond challenge commitment Pakistan's Vision 2025 is aiming to work on better Water Management as well due to traditional farming techniques 2/3 of irrigation water is lost through system

leakages across the country that's why farmers like ashik bangash have stepped in a resident of Islamabad bangash decided to introduce drip irrigation into Pakistan's traditional farming system to save the time and uh water and uh to give water to the plants up to the standard requirement not less not excess Pakistan is among the six countries that will be most affected by global warming and a rising population calls for measures to protect natural resources a solar system or high shed Orer [Music] farmer 2025 has been marked as the year when Pakistan may turn into a water

scar country unable to meet its water needs existing Reservoir storage capacity cannot sustain Pakistan's population boom while riverflow has also been reduced over the years Pakistan can get more economic social and environmental benefits from Better water use but it's subject to continuous reforms to improve water use efficiency and Service delivery and create awareness among the general [Music] public in Lao pakistanis are rising to the challenge to put pressure on politicians across Pakistan to do more people don't understand how bad it is there are just this year there were floods Unexpected rains in Punjab that wiped

out a substantial portion of the wheat crop and that affected people's livelihoods and for a country where a quarter of the population is at or near the poverty line a single event like that one rain is the difference between getting a a square meal a day or not in a country beset with problems only 4% think that climate change is an [Music] issue RAF wants to change this attitude He's taking his family to The Climate march to raise awareness amongst kids in Pakistan I heard that's what I've heard should be okay so you're going to

be leading the March no we're going to be helping organize it the children who are organ leading the March students not us please respon safer paper and Pen all right so we've got but March and miali currently under um Progress the Youth of Pakistan are concerned about their future when the impact of climate change May worsen Pakistan it's been spectacular [Music] par [Music] [Music] more than 5,000 marches take place worldwide along with Lao on the same day the climate strike is the largest Ever Collective call to action in the world my government is the biggest

polluter in history and should be doing something about it but instead president Trump doesn't even believe in climate change and wants to pull us out of the Paris agreement I find it completely unacceptable especially because my friends and in-laws here in Pakistan are the ones who are already suffering the most from the impacts of climate change [Music] [Music] Pakistan contributes less than 1% of the world's greenhouse gases yet it is the world's sixth most vulnerable country affected by climate change while it must develop a robust foreign policy that allows it to effectively negotiate climate issues

with its neighbors Pakistan's march to solve its climate problems has [Music] begun the launch of a new Coal Mine in Australia has divided the country no more no more we have to take stronger action Civil Disobedience they are over here pleading with our governments not to build new Co mines we have a responsibility to them an energy giant seeks to generate electricity in India and create jobs across Australia the opportunity is to feed the very very best coal to those plants we Have an industry to be super proud of adani is a revolution for us

in central Queensland because it's going to give job opportunities but some fear the impact on Australia's natural resources our own government is destroying the Great Barrier re we've lost about half of all the corals of the great barri with communities bracing for impact in their neighborhoods yeah that's a water bomber He's gone back to the airport to refill cuz there's a fire still going over the back there in 30 years when we've got raging bush fires our waterers running out we can't grow crops anymore can the Australian government fight the realities of climate change we're

getting more Cyclones we're getting our monsoonal events and climate change is a big issue [Music] Queensland Australia suburbs in the Southeastern tip of the country are engulfed in bush fires catastrophic hot drought-like conditions with wind speeds of 90 mph the fires spread fast people are evacuated to safety while more than 20 homes are burnt to ashes Rescue Services use aerial bombers to D the fires now spread over 4,200 Acres an emergency is declared in vast SES of Queensland in May 2019 65% of Queensland was declared to be in drought water supplies for farms and homes

are running dry we traveled to Stan Thorp a Suburban Town 2 hours from Brisbane to investigate the impact of this heat wave behind a number of homes in those two locations of and away that's James moris from the New South Wales rural fire service giving us the latest update on those three the severity of dwindling Water Supplies Can be gauged by the signboards that welcome us as we arrive firefighters leave to douse raging fires nearby Stop's community meeting is called local police and the mayor have urgent announcements exclusion zones and I can't stress enough they

are exclusion zones for safety reasons we've got trees that have been burnt out in those dry Roof Systems that could easily fall over on cars there's power lines down you can See the direction the wind was going and did it with speed and with um ferocious Flames the residents are holed up inside the center unsure if their homes have survived the blaze while outside water bombing can continues as fires briefly subside 70-year-old K Stratford is allowed back into her home this was all a light on Friday night I watched all this burn and that house

that's up the top there is called The eagle nest and I'm surprised the eagle nest escaped cuz that was just burning they had to call the firies back there yesterday to put some out stuff out but it got up to there it stopped there so there must have been a heap of fies here see that brown thing behind those rocks has melted there's a little car that's a water tank it's melted the top of it melted and there's water in it that's how that's how hot the fire was car's home miraculously survived the Fire stopped

a few meters from where she lived to do when you're faced with not having a home to come back with and that's the thing that's still getting to me how lucky I am that my home survived I've got my late husband's voice on that that's the only thing I've got of hearing him talk and that was when it snowed here on the 17th of August 2015 that's when it snowed they evacuated those people out of there the hardest thing is when you Get the knock on the door you know it's coming from the police saying

get out and I said oh yeah I'll get I've I've got everything packed everything ready and he said we'll make sure you go Stop's remaining water supply is being sacrificed for firefighting well the fact that we've been in drought up here for so long we having a decent rain for oh good two years now um we've had spasmodic rain our dam if you go have a Look at Stone King Dam um that'll shock you cuz that's really shocking out there we're on severe water restrictions we be out of water at the town here by December

and I don't know if they're using the water from our dam out there to fill the fire bombs for this I don't know where they're getting the water from the fires have shattered livelihoods animal habitats water supplies and agriculture according to the climate Council of Australia economic loss due to reduced agricultural productivity is projected to exceed ceed $19 billion by 2030 211 billion by 2050 and 4 trillion by [Music] 2100 reusing water has now become the only way to survive the drought in many parts of the country s many bath waterers in there cuz I

save that right and then I use my bucket that I got there iny washing machine I'll Have to give that a rinse out there's there's all Ash inside there from the fire from the ash that come through so I bucket it with that bucket in there Wash Me clothes in it hang it out then put it out into the bucket and then it goes on what plants I've got to keep alive that's the only way you water plants not that outside water your plants there's no doubt the climate is evolving it is changing but I

know that we're getting a few degrees warmer each year you know We' we've noticed a big increase in the in in the global warming but I don't know how you stop that um there's something definitely happening with the Earth the stateof the climate 2018 report for Australia reveals a land surface temperature increase of 1° C that's led to hot dry conditions perfect for bushfires the science was saying then that if we keep putting carbon dioxide And methane into the the atmosphere the temperature will steadily increase there will be more frequent extremes more very hot days

there'll be changes to rainfall patterns so the science was saying 30 years ago that Perth Adelaide Melbourne the southern cities of Australia would get drier and that's all happened already Australia is ranked the seventh highest carbon emitter per capita one big reason Cal fired power plants coal provides fuel for about 70% Of electricity production in Australia a majority of these plants are located in the state of Queensland the state has a historical relationship with coal mining began here in the 18th century behind most coal mining operations lay years of struggle and toil this coal earned

royalties for the Queensland government and sparked Development Across the country but today the region is a shadow Of its past with coal jobs lost to automation still coal production continues to grow to feed a hungry Market abroad now instead of reducing Australia's carbon footprint the Queensland Premier has promised to open new coal mines in her State it's part of Anastasia palach's plan to create thousands of new jobs but at what price Australia is the world's largest Exporter of coal a commodity that's aided the rise in temperatures [Music] worldwide Coal Fired electricity generation accounted for 30%

of global CO2 emissions according to the International Energy agency resulting in record temperatures of 40° C in Australia leaving the residents of stanthorne desperate for [Music] water as Rescue Services scramble to Save lives queensland's Premier calls for an emergency press [Music] conference so we have uh a number of families at the moment that are actually going through um some really traumatic times so we are in the process of trying to reach those families we understand that they're all safe but they will be going through um a lot of grief at the moment and I know

that our community will pull together and uh definitely Make sure that they get back on their feet uh Premier we're filming a documentary from Singapore from channel news Asia just wanted to get a comment from you about uh the increasing number of coal mines resulting in Rising temperatures do you feel that the this is the direct impact of that well we do know that climate change has a big impact we knew that um from we're getting more Cyclones we're getting U monsoonal events and climate change is a Big issue that everyone signs up to in

terms of keeping with the Paris treat but the latest addition to queensland's Coal industry has incensed thousands of anti-al protesters across the country no more no no more coal after the break we investigate the politics of coal in [Music] [Music] Australia 2/3 of extreme weather events in the last 20 years were caused by Human activities the Paris agreement signed in 2016 aimed to curb emissions to minimize temperature rise by 1.5° if current trends continue the world is likely to pass the 1.5° cus Mark between 2030 and 2052 unless it finds a way to reach net

zero emissions amid this alarming situation the state of Queensland announced new coal mines to boost the economy and Create jobs that's when Indian billionaire G madani announced plans to build a mine at carmichel a rural Outpost in the Australian Outback at the time carmichel was to excavate 60 million tons of coal a year that figure has since been scaled down in effect what we're building now is a 10 million ton perom Coal Mine we just one of 125 operating coal mines in Australia we'll be building 200 km of Greenfield rail construction to T of the

existing Network so combined that will represent around $2 billion Australian investment uh to be able to get us into production and we'll see that coming online in 2021 the mine would be located on the Galilee Basin 160 km Northwest of cleremont it will also feature a rail line connecting the mine to the abot point Terminal the opening of the carmichel mine is expected to attract more investments in the mining sector which activists say would increase Greenhouse emissions that trap heat and make the planet warmer roughly 30% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions came from electricity

production from coal and gas in 2018 Australia's mining sector wants the backbone of the economy is in a Long Protracted slump I think a lot more businesses are going to close which a lot have already closed haven't they do like they've had to close the doors because that there's no people in the town people have to move away because there is nothing here you know um so the younger generation has got no future yeah that's right the younger generation of Bowen they've got nothing what do they turn to well look around I mean the town's

dead completely Completely dead and uh the town needs employment real bad there's nothing here for the younger generation they will leave town adani announced thousands of jobs to be created over the next few years a prospect much welcomed by the mining Community Pro ad movement was centered around jobs uh jobs for the community um clemont's a very strong mining town I think it was founded uh on copper mining back in the 1800s and obviously then Gold and the people of Claremont following the investment and in town um and the ability for those people to gain

jobs um was very proad I think I I believe that mining is important I I don't think that it's sustainable to think that we can go straight from CI power to Natural Resources like wind or solar but I think they should work in in hand on number of people luckily uh work in the mining industry so A lot of them are quite Keen I believe to get more jobs going um in that area unemployment here hovers above 9% compared to around 6% in Queensland as a whole that's why Bruce hedit is busy promoting the adani

mine he started the go adani campaign it's going to generate a lot of job opportunities for Central Queensland the Queensland government last year received $3.8 billion in Coal royalties From from from coal mines throughout this state $3.8 billion uh next year the Queensland government will spend $3.9 billion on interest on loans now the opponents of adani and Cole are asking us as a community to stop coal exports stop the royalties coming through I would love someone to tell me where the $3.8 billion is going to come from for a town to void of jobs it's

a polarizing question of unemployment Versus the environment there are questions about whether or not the mine will pay appropriate royalties or any royalties to our state government and uh huge concerns about the fact that there won't be that many jobs provided and that the company has effectively massively exaggerating uh exaggerated the jobs that they say it would it would provide adani's initial promise of Thousands of new jobs was challenged by a court testimony an affidavit alleged that adani mining's billion doll carmichel coal project would have 483 full-time equivalent jobs while Queensland as a whole would

have 1,26 full-time equivalent jobs we'll see over 1,500 direct jobs created during the ramp up and construction for the mine and Rail and a further 6,750 indirect jobs so in total What we're talking about is 8,250 jobs invest injected into the Australian economy in particular in Regional Queensland and and specifically in areas that have typically got high levels of unemployment and we're talking about areas that have approached close to 10% levels of unemployment so the project is certainly very important for Australia and for queen and Regional Queensland as it relates to jobs jobs aside TV

journalist Mark Willsy has news that's far less hopeful he tracked developments on adani mining elsewhere the company was charged in Zambia with polluting a major river and convicted um under Australian law if you um have any convictions or issues involving Mining and you're in charge you have to declare that that was not declared by this particular adani executive at the time and that culminated recently with adani being Charged and it's going to be prosecuted for supplying false and misleading information to the state government here in Queensland the state of Queensland imposed hundreds of environmental conditions

for the carmichel mind to adhere to particular attention was paid to adani's surface water use and the mine's proximity to the great artisian BAS the Great artisian Basin is the biggest Underwater resource in the world stretching over 1.7 million square km it is 3,000 M deep in places and is estimated to contain 65,000 cubic km of groundwater the Basin provides the only source of fresh water to much of Inland Australia underground coal mines rely on water to reduce the risk of fires or explosions by using it to cool The Cutting surfaces of mining equipment and

prevent cold dust from Catching Fire so we know about water being very precious the adani mine would um suck up as much water as the rest of the users in the whole catchment and they don't have to pay as much for it because our state laws are very LAX and give a a whole lot of freebies to mining companies for reasons that we can go into later mostly because they make generous donations to both sides of politics we will not be extracting water from the Great iian Basin we don't have Any plans we don't have

any authorities or we don't have any approvals to extract water from the Great iian Basin there are instances where we'll have to extract groundw simply to be able to make allow mining to be undertaken safely so it's simply for safety reasons not for water extraction reasons and outside of that all of our water will be sourced uh from surface sources Tom CS a former Queensland water Chief estimates the mine may tap on a Substantial amount of the state's Water Resources when ad Dan starts to extract coal and intercepts the Great artisian Basin acfas water will

flow out of those acers into the mine pits and adani are allowed to extract unlimited volumes of water out of those mine pits to keep their mining operations safe at an there the modeled extraction of water over the life of the mine is 270 gigal that is equivalent to around about 55% of Sydney Harbor Animal grazers like Bruce Curry Rely on the Great artisian Basin for their water supplies he lives in speculation a rural Outpost in the Australian Outback people can't exist without water if you want to know what I'm talking about turn your water

supply off for 2 days and try and survive regardless where we are because what's happening here they're turning our water off for perpetuity when they destroy it it's gone forever along with wife fette the Curries have been running this farmland for Generations this is the co seam they want to dig out it's the deal seam this is where we draw our water from which is the clima sandstone and that is part of the feed into the Great artisian Basin the only thing is once they they mine that coal seam out they have a process called

long wall Mining and what it does is once the coal comes out they just collapse all the Strider above it so what that'll do it'll drain that come Out of sandstone so basically it'll destroy our water supply and it'll destroy part of the feed into the great Arian Basin and uh which will impact on the Integrity of the Great artisian Basin Bruce's worries about destroyed Water Supplies inspired him to go in a fact-f finding Walkabout overseas he wanted to see what the future of speculation might look like way out in India I went to India

a few years ago to actually have a look at the uh Dy operation and to talk to my main concern was to talk to communities and Farmers over in that area and uh get a a good understanding of the company that would be coming when I was in India we went to the adani special economic zone up there in the Gulf of catch and I spoke to fisherman there and they highlighted to me there the pressures and the the uh impacts that they're suffering because The tartars as well as the Adis have built a power

station there they actually release their hot water out into the ocean and which kills the um juvenile fish fish eggs and has a a big impact on the the fishing communities that are trying to survive on that source of income they're also not doing anything about the fly ash that's coming out of their smoke their the stacks of the power station and that fly ash is going across Farmers Lands Bruce is unsure if similar damage to the great Arian Basin is reversible once the mine starts and the dewatering starts uh whether that their findings are

accurate or not they cannot repair the damage and the water is mined forever it's lost for perpetuity regardless of how big their mistake is they cannot Rectify it they cannot correct it and the impact is there for Perpetuity as the climate gets hotter and drier water is even more precious Farmers like Bruce want their groundwater to be protected from any damage it's a shame that more people aren't aware of what the great artisian basin's all about it's you know one of the biggest freshwat underground fresh water sources in the world and it's not polluted it's

not contaminated it's environmental terrorism the money we've made and the Life we've lived on SPC and to think that they could just through the flick of a pen take that away from us it's not fair and it's not right like when you went to India to have a look at those poor Farms over there I don't begin to understand half that has affected their family what will we [Music] do after a prolonged legal battle the Adani carmichel mine has received the environmental clearances it needs but the opposition to its construction continues after the break we

go underwater to investigate the impact of rising greenhouse gases on the Great Barrier Reef there parts of the Great Barrier Reef where you can uh drive on a boat or or Swim for kilometers without seeing a living [Music] Carl Indian energy giant adani wants to mine Australian coal planning to export it back to India adani is the largest private thermal power producer in India with an installed capacity of more than 12,000 megaw but they're ramping up production in India adani stands to gain from the rising need for power in developing South Asia to fill the

Gap in Supply it's looking at Australian Coal Coal will be shipped through Abbott Point Port operations it's been operating for over 35 years in an environmentally responsible way there's thousands of ship movements through the Great Barrier Reef every year so you the the prospect that the shipment of our Co for the Great Barrier Reef is going to have a direct impact on the reef is just a falsehood to export this call adani signed a 99-year lease with abot Point Terminal in 2011 the deal cost adani roughly 2 billion Australian dollars a few years back there

was a plan for massive expansion of ports in the Great Barrier Reef and there's basically six big ports already and there was a Hope by industry um with their hand being held by government to expand those ports to ship more coal out and more liquefied natural gas out through the Great Barrier Reef to World Export markets now the problem With making ports um bigger and deeper is that it requires a huge amount of dredging so the huge impacts from that dredging were um a very very big concern to Marine ssts the development surrounding Abbott Point

port are being keenly watched by Coral expert Charlie Veron that's because of Aid Point's close proximity to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park the Great Barrier Reef is the World's largest coral reef system composed of over 2,900 individual reefs large enough that it can be seen from outer space this is the world's biggest single structure made by living organisms reefs occupy just 1% of the world's marine environment but they provide a home to a quarter of all marine species including unique fish Turtles and algae a large part of the reef is protected by the Great

Barrier Reef Marine Park which helps to limit the impact of human use such as fishing and tourism The Reef has lost more than half its Coral cover since 1985 high temperatures cause Mass Coral bleaching due to warm ocean waters a coral reef is a very competitive environment everything competes with everything else all the time so corals have got this symbiosis with the algae and that produces food And oxygen but if you raise the temperature just above the absolute temperature tolerance that the corals have the AL produce too much oxygen and that kills them we head

out to investigate the effects of rising temperatures on the Great Barrier Reef Charlie Von is out to collect evidence he's hoping the remaining Reef might be spared from rising temperatures there's parts of the Great Bay reef where you can can uh Drive in a boat or or Swim for kilometers without seeing a living Coral so the worst affected is total death of the whole reef and we see that in a few reefs uh but the majority of reefs of the great B have not been wiped out by any means but they have been quite severely

damaged reefs protect coastlines from flooding during extreme storms which is why safe corals is critical as the Seas warm and they're Warming gradually every year the the increase that threatens corals warms incrementally just each year it gets more and more threatening and whether that kills the coral or not depends on the amount of time it exposed to these maximum conditions maximum temperature conditions that varies in patches all over the ocean surface and it but it is increasing year by year and that will continue Charlie is now retired but has spent his life raising awareness of

Coral bleaching the other is um direct lying direct telling of Lies by politicians when for example um uh politicians say that Australia is meeting all its obligations under the Kyoto Under Paris agreement and um Australia is going absolutely nowhere near meeting its obligations now it is not possible for a politician to to not know the truth because scientists know the truth scientists tell the politicians it's all In publications of all different levels so if you want to say we are meeting our obligations under all these uh treaties that have happened um you are not telling

the truth and again that's political a report card by the government's Australian Institute of Marine sence wasn't encouraging Rising water temperatures are likely to cause more Coral bleaching producing irreversible damage to the Reef scientists expect the coral May recover over the next 5 to 10 years but only if another Mass bleaching event doesn't occur during that time that's unlikely given the current trajectory of climate change in 2015 Australia Institute put the carmichel M's expected emissions over the next 30 years into perspective it believes the annual carbon emissions of this single coal mine would be three

times the average annual emissions from New Delhi double those from Tokyo six times that of Amsterdam and 20% more than New York City if the mine produces 40 megatons per year adding more carbon dioxide from mines can potentially threaten thousands of animal species that rely on the reef not to mention the $6.4 billion in tourism revenue and 64,000 full-time jobs the Great Barrier Reef provides to Australia [Music] tourism operator linday Simpson is concerned about her livelihood her boat tours serve International tourists on a daily basis if we add more mines to that we are looking

at a reef that's already under terrible threat we're looking at 70,000 people earning their money from tourism who won't have anywhere to take anyone to look at and I mean I've had laughingly heard people say something Called disaster too in India he was going to give all these jobs to locals he then imported workers from Arisa and all these other places he did not give the locals jobs he did for the first year and there is evidence he's giving work now that work is not going to be there and if you look at in terms

of long-term work 1,300 workers is what he was talking about versus 70,000 in tourism and those workers are only going to be fly and fly Out the coal mine has also sparked the native title movement every mining project in this country it tends to be out in um remote country and a lot of that country is traditional Aboriginal country and under Australian law um Aboriginal people from those areas can claim what they call native title and that's a form of guardianship over these lands now no one has taken guardianship over that land but there is

an Aboriginal group there That wants to do that and they can legitimately apply to the courts to do that as a leader of the wangan and jagal lingu Native people who own this land Adrian baragua took adani to court according to him the carmichel coalmine can harm around 30,000 hectares of his community's traditional lands eventually the Court ruled in favor of adani Australia who are now seeking $600,000 in court costs which would bankrupt barag Gaba Adrien and his clan have now been barred from entering their own lands this always was original land this always was

First Nations Sovereign land because of our culture and how we maintain our culture and we're not going anywhere it's always going to be abigal land it's always going to be our land and if they can if they want if they want to come out here and try to move us and move our sacred site then uh they will be criticized this country Will be scrutinized over their treatment of abigal people the Wang and jagal lingu people will no longer stand for this bullying tactic from adani or from any government in this country but Adrian's resistance

sparked a people's movement across Australia the stop adani movement they are over here pleading with our governments not to build new Co mines we have a responsibility to them and to our children to have a safe Future for them to live in the opposition to adani's kichel mind has sparked a Grassroots environmental movement across Australia a loose group of Environmental ists students and common folk coming together to pressurize adani to stop the mine some of them have gathered at Camp bin it's called the stop adani movement we've been given exclusive access to the camp after

much deliberation and background checks 23-year-old Amy Booth used to live in Victoria but decided to join the stop adani movement in the Australian outbank people are going to be displaced by the climate crisis so I felt that me working um in the city taking sort of doing business as usual working 9 to 5 just isn't where I want to right now we have a moral obligation to to act and to stop this mine and to stop other environmental problems going ahead um so I'm I'm willing to put my Life on hold for the moment to

do what I can to stop projects like this from going ahead because this isn't just about this particular area every project that is a fossil fuel project is adding to CO2 in the atmosphere and that affects the entire Globe protesters like Amy believe that if built adan's carmichel mine will add billions of tons of carbon pollution to our atmosphere in that context it is Criminally irresponsible to be proposing the opening of new coal mines or new Coal Fired power stations and the adani case is a particularly important one because that would not just be a

significant Coal Mine in itself it would potentially open up the whole Galilee Basin as a new coal Province and there are five or six other possible coal mines in the pipeline that would be more likely to go ahead if ad Dan started because the infrastructure for getting The coal to Port uh for managing water and energy and infrastructure would be there and that would reduce the startup cost of other coal mines and that's why adani has become a really SYM iic issue in Australia these anti-al activists are now taking a more Hands-On position by physically

blocking coal trains mines and machines a strategy now commonly known as a lockdown on 22nd July 2019 protesters Set up a blockade outside the Abott Point port [Music] about 20 members of the Environmental Group gathered outside the port entrance at 7:00 a.m. ready what are we here this footage was filmed by Amy as her co-pro 22-year-old Emily Star and 20-year-old Matilda hessin locked themselves to a concrete Barrel we wanted to start acting to show that we weren't going to let we weren't Going to sit by and let this just happen um so we locked on

in terms of we had our arms clipped on to this um little bar inside a barrel that was filled with cement and then there was a PVC tube that our arms would go down and be clipped onto they stopped the supply of coal for hours that's when the Queensland police stepped in as tension mounted a French television crew filmed the action from the Site I was willing to be arrested which I was because a short-term inconvenience of being arrested and being given a fine is okay with me because the long-term benefit of stopping this mind

from going ahead will be amazing Amy continued filming events that day the journalists and activists are detained and charged with trespassing on the railway line the French crew were later released After global condemnation grew but they've since been barred from filming anywhere close to the mind they were embarrassed they think that that was a mistake what the officers did up there and I know from the police commissioner down that was why the the charges were dropped so it was some overzealous police policing by those police officers are up up there Emily and Matilda are now

facing a court hearing at Bowen uncertain if they'll be allowed back into Camp biny we're hoping that no curve balls will be thrown when we get in there but it'll likely just be sort of well we're hoping it'll be a fine with no like restit order against us but we're not sure what it will be really magistrates can do whatever they like after an hour they come out of the court I feel like he understood our passion as well which I think was really Important I really liked hearing that he did understand that even if

he didn't necessarily agree with it yeah yeah I think that in Australia we have a huge problem and many places around the world we have a huge problem where the political systems are broken and that's why we've come to do these kind of actions because we feel like these are the only sort of things that can put enough pressure on political systems to fundamentally change rather than just Sort of put a Band-Aid on the issue we're at a critical point in history there's no doubt that in ecological terms we're booked on the Titanic we're heading

for the iceberg and there are still irresponsible people both literally and metaphorically throwing coal in the boilers as if they wanted to get there faster coal particulates pollution is estimated to shorten some 1 Million Lives annually Worldwide one study even estimates premature deaths arising from coal related air pollution could be as high as 52,000 people worldwide but with solar and wind power slowly creeping up there's been positive change Coal's use has been on the decline in Europe and the US amid cheaper alternatives adani Australia is promoting solar power as a means to bridge the gap

between coal emissions And the global push towards renewable energy rugby run which has an initial capacity of 65 megaw is located near morar it's not a question of Renewables or coal it's Renewables and coal and so from our perspective we've already we've got under over 2,385 megawatts under con under operation uh in relation to solar and we've got another 2340 megaw currently under construction of solar capacity so in short uh you know we've got in excess of 4,700 megaw of Renewables capacity in our portfolio that's a mixture of of soil prbly solar but we've also

got hybrid in there as well including wind so we see that uh moving forward in order to meet the developing world's energy demand requirements it's going to continue to require underpinning Basel load cied power generation in addition to Renewables through the likes of solar wind um hydro and so forth many believe the solution to Australia's Cal dependence has to come from within the political sphere the Australian greens run on four core values ecological sustainability social Justice Grassroots democracy and peace and nonviolence we just sitting in Parliament and the best thing about that whole experience was

that we could hear you more than we could hear them which is frankly what parli should be about it should be about the people's Voice the greens have a plan to phase out Co and create a jobs boom in the renewable energy export industry we have greater economic potential in clean energy here in Queensland in Australia globally we know that there's more jobs in Renewables we know that um renewable energy can do the job we've now got the battery storage the solar thermal the ways of making clean energy at 24/7 and dispatchable there is no

reason to not go down that Path and actually Safeguard Humanity Australia's current Bushfire season has taken 12 lives destroyed millions of hectares of land and wiped out out nearly 500 million animals with no signs of rains or temperatures subsiding stopping global warming will require coordinated policies by national state and local governments and the development of climate friendly energy policies that are backed by politicians and activists Alike Before Time runs out and the irreversible effects of climate change impact the very existence of humankind Brazil's Amazon rainforest is being devastated by fires many of the farmers think

the Amazon shouldn't exist a battle between economic development and environmental concerns it was planed fostered and executed by the B govern with thousands of miners invading the forests to hunt for Gold nearly 10,000 square kilm of the Amazon are destroyed in 2019 displacing hundreds of indigenous communities pushing them to the edge CNA investigates why the lungs of the world are being lost [Music] sou Pao Brazil by 300 p.m. the city is smothered by black clouds of smoke scientists eventually discover the cor fires raging in the far north of the Country thousands of miles away in

the Amazon rainforest official figures show more than 87,000 Amazonian fires are recorded in Brazil in the first 8 months of 2019 an increase of 76% from 2018 these fires destroy 10,000 square km of the Amazon in 2019 while the Brazilian government fails to [Music] act the world responds with Outrage with criticism focused on new newly elected far-right president jier bolaro the hates we know today was not happened by chance it was planed fostered and executed by the bonaro government this is the true after bolsonaro's election Brazil's environmental agencies had their budget slashed his economic policies

are focused on developing the economy inside the Amazon rainforest at least of birds sell but Alam's investigation Unearthed a bigger problem lack of implementation of Brazil's Forest laws what has happen the company looks to theine I find two or three million high if I use good lawyers I can stay years and years and years without pay or is more expensive to pay at same time you receive the fine then Roll and Roll and Roll again the fines it's happen every time from 1980 to 2019 penalties for Cutting trees down in protected areas totaled $17 billion

US less than 4% of these fines were collected corruption and the inability to collect fines have encouraged more violators to set up shop inside the Amazon with hundreds of thousands of dollars to be made there's a lot of people working with it there's the people from illegal loging there's the people from AG business there's a people linked to Illegal gold mining for example there's a people practicing Wildlife traffic there's a lot of people working with this chain of crimes in the Amazon the foration is one of them the cleared land is used to produce beef

and Agri products a large portion of which is exported to parts of Asia people need to understand that we are all responsible for this so even people far away in Pakistan in China in Australia are also helping with environment problems in the Amazon because they are consumers they're helping to consume products that are coming from this region worldwide forests still cover about 30% of the planet but they're disappearing at an alarming rate between 1990 and 2016 the world lost 1.3 million square km of forest according to the World Bank that's an area larger than South

Africa We arrive in the state of bar to investigate the effects of the fires in Northern Brazil burnt down jungles now resemble a war [Music] zone Erica banga is an environmental scientist who's lived in the Amazon for the last last 10 years studying the destructive force of the fires here but what we do we have um sort of tube that we put on the ground a mesh Tube which is 30 cm and on the ground and The Roots grow inside the tube so every 3 months we get the tube off the ground put the soil

in the sheet and then we handpick all the roots for 1 hour and then we put the soil back in the tube the mash tube back in the soil and then it's going to saay for another 3 months so I can see in those three months how many roots are produced how many roots grow in there and then we can estimate How much of the carbon it's being allocated to the [Music] roots Erica takes us for a walk inside a protected area to show us the impact of fires on the Amazon for this one of

the main difference that you're going to see between a born forest and an unborn Forest you can see that we're not seeing many trees many big thick trees that we associate with Amazon just all very thin Fast growing species the Amazon rainforest has 410 billion trees in this region alone with a total of 76 billion tons of carbon stored in them if we were to Deforest the whole of the Amazon basing that comprises nine countries all the emissions that would arise from this forestation would be equivalent of 100 Years of the US fossil fuel emissions

that's how much carbon the Amazon store so it's a vital Component to fight climate change by keeping the forest standing we are locking all this carbon in the forest and not putting back into the atmosphere the study shows that take over 100 years to recover the car stocks that are present in this forest and we still don't know how long it's going to take for the biodiversity to cover animals are being affected too it's believed that there are about 3 million different species of plant and Animal life in the Amazon in the Amazon it's estimated

that there is 16,000 species of tree just in the Brazilian part of the Amazon which is 60% of the whole Amazon we estimate to be 11,000 species unfortunately I think that within my lifetime if there's no political will if we don't take strong positions Damon is going to be gone but president bolaro wants to abolish protection for indigenous Lands his calls have been echoed by miners who've put self-preservation ahead of Environmental Conservation after the break we meet these miners who have invaded the Amazon in search of [Music] gold Brazil is one of the biggest gold

producers in the world [Music] with output reported at 81 million kg in 2018 but there is a new gold rush in Brazil Today one fueled by Soaring unemployment in regions inside the Amazon Rain Forest they are invading public lands log the trees do some gold mining and and damage in these areas or do some fishing and hunting as the planet loses the Amazon rainforest at a rapid Pace there are miners on the other end of the equation who are making increasing gains locally known as Garen peros their Rising incomes develop cities like boto De a

located in metho state they are gold producing hubs for Brazil's lucrative gold industry today miners have become more organized creating cooperatives to hunt for gold collectively one such Cooperative is kopaj that was founded in 2008 by former saalo Banker Gilson Cambo he takes us for a tour of the kopa gold mines that are under his Supervision such gold mines are legal as part of the Brazilian government strategy to monetize the Amazon [Music] but drone images reveal the damage to the environment this was once a lush green forest with flora and FAA spread all across the

landscape it's been replaced by energy guzzling machines Goopa GV alone has deforested 3,000 square km of Amazon rainforest since 2008 gold mining in the Amazon rainforest is attractive for the high yield of gold on average the concentration of gold is 0.5 G for every one ton of soil inside the Amazon the yield is much higher [Music] [Music] gold is found underground after top soil Is removed once a 10 m ditch is ready the miners at kopaj villagers from rural Brazil get to work this process a hydraulic machine is parked near the edge of this vast

mining pit that's been carved into the rainforest reddish brown Earth hundreds of gallons of mud sludge produced by the miners is passed over carpets with the hope that goldf flakes Stick to it the car is then washed into drums and the mud is taken to the final [Music] process after extensive Panic Mercury is used to extract gold from the mud through a process called amalgamation foree the crew at kopaj work without protective equipment or procedures to help them discard the Mercury Safely the amalgam of mercury and gold goes through the final process [Music] the heat

applied evaporates the Mercury and gold is left in the [Music] pan Copa mined 400 g of gold today this is distributed equally amongst everyone at the mine it will sell for for $500 in the poor Countryside that's a fortune for a day's hard [Music] labor for the RO gold is sold to shops in the city who process it into gold bars the final product is exported to countries across Asia the Middle East in America earning billions of dollars in revenue for the government mind like kopaj are legal and all part of President bolsonaro's master plan

to monetize the Amazon but what about the Amazon On the ground the Damage Done by legal Minds is irreversible [Music] by law Copa is supposed to restore the forests once the mine is closed so Gilson takes us to a restored part of the mine he's turned one area into a fish farm while planting trees in another for [Music] [Music] As greed takes over concern for the environment many miners are going for the big bucks by starting their own mins deep inside protected territories away from the authorities after the break we dig deep into illegal Mining

and meet the people whose lands have been invaded in the protected forests of [Music] Brazil braz Amazon rainforest is one of the planet's best defenses against Climate change it absorbs billions of tons of carbon dioxide but deforestation for logging Mining and for farming crops and livestock has devastated it in the last 10 years the rainforest has lost an area the size of 8.4 million soccer fields but the mining companies want to use indigenous lands to expand operations and make more Profits they're pushing for a change in Brazilian law allowing firms to mine inside protected lands

and Indigenous reserves Across the Nation despite having protected status indigenous territories are already facing an invasion [Music] in par State alone Brazilian authorities estimate that 30 metric tons of illegal gold worth about $1.1 billion US has been Excavated that's six times more than the legal amount of gold traded in Brazil this mining boom could lead to the extinction of indigenous communities that have weathered centuries of calamities in Brazil's rainforest roughly 900,000 indigenous people live in Brazil less than 0.5% of the population they belong to 400 tribes and speak more than 270 languages one such tribe

facing illegal Mining in their protected areas are the munduruku we travel 16 hours to the city of bubur so we're on the tapa River in par State and we're heading to the mundu land indigenous protected lands by the Brazilian government that have been invaded by illegal gold miners and we're going to meet the chief of the tribe to understand the extent of the [Music] problem Y harez is the chief of the Munduruku tribe he leads nearly 14,000 members who have splintered into dozens of small villages scattered across a territory slightly larger than 3,360 soccer fields

they've lived here for thousands of years [Music] that's why harez has to create Porters or more commonly known as de arations to identify his tribe's indigenous Lands motivated by the surging International price of gold miners choose to prospect for gold in protected reserves to evade taxes it's estimated that nearly 50,000 illegal miners are working inside par State alone [Music] spee foreign fore spee fore [Music] permanently evicting indigenous people from their land is forbidden under article 231 of Brazil's Constitution but the bolsonaro government is planning to build dams and infrastructure in the tapos revation to boost

the economy armed with machetes Warz and his crew ensure the conservation of 178,000 hectares of Amazon rainforest garez takes us to one such illegal Mining site an ours Boat Ride On the tapos River as we arrive we spot a mining transport truck we tread care carefully as most miners are armed and do not like visitors Miners and protected areas such as this excavate land deep inside the forests away from the authorities keeping clear of any inspections fore [Music] [Music] as we reach an abandoned mining pit the extent of the devastation can only be gauged from

high above kilometers of protected Amazon rainforest are now mere ditches fore speee [Music] [Music] we don't venture too far we've been warned that the illegal miners may open Fire five tribal leaders have already lost their lives in this battle but with little enforcement of the law the destruction continues [Music] a map published by an NGO shows illegal mining sites in 37 indigenous territories in total nearly 2,300 illegal mining sites with sophisticated infrastructure have been found in protect areas harez fears for his life and his Community currently in Brazil mining on indigenous territories is totally prohibited

the Amazon contains about 20% of the world's total volume of river water more than 80% of the world's food has its origins in this rainforest apart from tearing down native forests miners have also started digging for gold in the rivers contaminating these waterways with Mercury we have reports on fishs Dolphins and Indigenous tribes hardly contaminated by Mercury the humidity launched by the forest runs in the atmosphere and drops like rain all over Brazil Argentina South America always connect Ed dredging for gold disrupts Rivers toxic polluants seep into plants animals and [Music] people forzan is Community

can no longer fish in the river they have to hunt for food On land researchers found 92% of all hair and fish samples collected here had high levels of mercury resulting in abnormalities in the central nervous system of [Music] infants so harez has decided to take things into his own hands after the break we follow the munduruku as they plan to invade Brazil's Congress to pressure politician i s to take action [Music] [Music] Brazil's president Jer bolaro plans to reduce indigenous territories in the Amazon [Music] rainforest the tribes are being sacrificed to help boost the

economy to create jobs the mining sector is encroaching into the rainforest and the hunt for gold has begun in 2018 Brazil's gold exports Increased 150% on an output of 95 tons with demand Rising miners are pushing deeper inside protected forests radically changing the landscape [Music] Forever This is why indigenous tribes have decided to invade the federal capital Brazilia Alexandra Kora a munduruku indigenous activist is leading the charge Alexandra has arrived in Brazilia The country's capital to meet her munduruku [Music] clan a local school's been turned into a makeshift camp these 50 munduruku tribals plan to

visit Brazil's Congress to meet politicians and demand that their land protected under Brazil law be left alone [Music] according to Brazil brail's National Institute for space research in 2018 Alone 5 square kilm of indigenous munduruku land was deforested in 2019 the tree Massacre increased to 15 Square km Alexandra believes illegal miners have the backing of politicians fore next day the tribe prepares for battle they believe bolsonaro's rhetoric has encouraged the advance of the miners deeper into indigenous territory the munduruku are on their way to Congress to block a bill that will allow mining companies to

operate inside indigenous lands legally it's a key campaign promise of president bolsonaro if approved indigenous tribes in their way of life may be gone [Music] forever an economic recession in Brazil has driven large numbers of unemployed villagers into the jungle to hunt for gold and the price is being paid by Indigenous [Music] people the munduruku arrive at Brazil's Congress the main legislative body of the country this movement is helped by the country's only indigenous congresswoman joa wapi Chana she's only the second indigenous woman to have ever been elected to congress of the more than 594

Congress Representatives only three show [Music] up the others cele cre a football team's participation in a local [Applause] [Music] league in a separate chamber Alexandra makes an impassioned plea for the rights of the munduruku for [Music] [Music] as Brazil is polarized on the issue of Mining in the Amazon other Industries are coming up with [Music] Solutions luren started pxa a cattle ranching firm in June 2015 he helped Brazilian Farmers with sustainable cattle farming according to the Amazon Institute some 12 million hectares of cattle field have been degraded in the Amazon Region to create new grazing

land vast expanses of the Amazon are cleared to date an estimated 70% of deforested Amazon has been converted into pasture land but taxa offers a solution so here we use rotated grazing rotated grazing means that we have a production module that has several divisions and the cattle will stay in one division for just a few days and then goes to the other one and then to the other one and while the cattle does All this cycle then the first one is resting this allow allows first the fact that the cattle always has access to the

best part of the plant only the leaves doing efficient production we don't need uh anym to clear any more land many big corporations uh over the world have made commitments to remove deforestation from the supply chains from 2010 to 2017 Brazil's beef exports climbed 25% to 1.5 million tons With Hong Kong importing the most to accommodate Global beef demand cattle ranchers are driving their herds deeper into the Amazon rainforest but since operations began in ALA Floresta paxa has restored 10,000 hectares of pasture land it now runs 20 Farms that sustainably manage cattle 34,000 head in

2017 alone for Lon Reinventing cattle feed was another necessity of the hour Methane emitted by livestock accounts for about 5.5% of worldwide greenhouse gases greenhouse gases that increase global temperatures when they have this poor diet only based on pasture and a low quality pasture then they have a lot of production of methan when we do the reform of the pastures and then we enter with this supplement uh we change the diet of the The animals so we have two benefits one is to reduce by more or less 40% the amount of methan that is emitted

by The Animals so when you consider the methan of the animals and also the carbon from the soil all together we reduce the emissions by 90% today the deforestation in the Amazon claims an area the size of two football fields a minute if consumption patterns don't change 50% of the Amazon may vanish by 2030 destroying one of the world's largest carbon sinks protecting existing rainforests and aggressively planting new wants may be the only way forward and perhaps one of the last few ways to help save this planet and all who call it home [Music]