hello everyone welcome to this sessions we will focus on different seat systems crop diversity and role of different stakeholders putting Farmers access to the seed is a key goal in addition this session will provide conceptual basis for the training course I have organized this session into two parts this presentation is the first part second part which I will be sharing with you in the next separate presentation let's get started with the first part of the sessions which will focus on sit system and crop diversity we all know that seed is a key issue for farmers
seed need to be available at sufficient quantity at the right time in the right place and see it has to be affordable to the farmers this looks easy but this is the most complex challenges in the city systems seed also need to be well suited to the local growing condition of farmers and meeting their diverse needs for examples Farmers usually maintain a different variety for feeding to their family and a different variety for the local sale in the market a variety for the maintaining some culture traditions this means right crop right varieties that also matters
equally important for the farmers seed is not only a key issue for Farmers but it is also important issue for both professionals and policy makers seed is the source of Genetic Resource all agriculture biodiversity to decent knowledge culture so it called for the epic also biodiversity conservation for current and future Generations see also agent for the change it called for the technology transfer through increased crop productivity seed is a commodity which can be traded I'm the issues and discussions and then policy around intellectual property rights this all matters seed is very complex for Farmers professionals
and policy makers where do farmers access to the seed let's check it out this flow diagram farmers use the seed mainly for their Crop Productions lots of the large part of the crop produce they consume as a food if the crop produce is Surplus the sale the crop produced in the local market or the exchange with other Farmers is a gift or the butter with other crops or varieties or or through other Agricultural Labors and some part of the the crop produce they save as a seed for the next seasons so the market and the
exchange if you look at the market the grain market when the other Farmers if they do not have a sufficient quantity of seed or lack of seeds they in many cases they go to local market buy the Grain and use either seed for their Crop Productions when the exchange generally the the exchange takes place for the purpose of the seeds so that through the exchange all the market or their household owns its saving this is the city systems that is operating for many years and this is called as informal subsystems now this the Outer Circle
of the flow diagrams from the farmer's crop diversities Jin Banks they collect the seeds and maintain energy Banks the seed or John plasms where it's maintained in the gene banks are available in most of the cases for the breeding programs it could be International building program or national breeding programs and these breeding programs develop a new varieties and then release from the national systems National variety release systems and that variety is further multiplied and the quality has been assured through the quality control systems and the seed will be distributed by government or private sectors or
ngos projects and that goes to the farmers and Farmers again use the seed for the Crop Productions and it the Cycles again start to operate so the the Jin Banks breeding Productions quality seed Productions quality control this is thermal systems so the formal systems and informal systems always exist in all contexts but also but depending on the the priorities of the formal systems it will be limited to the few crops not all crops bin where we do have a national raiding programs mainly the main food security crops are given more priorities where the ships promotive
systems often exist this is the result of a study which was done in 2016. and this study covered 40 different crafts in an interviewed over 9600 farmers across the six countries the study found Farmers accessed 51 of their seed from local market 31 seeds from their own saving the household seed seven nine percent seeds from social networks that's Nevers of families six percent from ngos programs only two percent seeds are being accessed from Agro dealer Subs so that means ninety percent of the seed that farmers are accessing from informal systems only 10 percent that's the
way the formal set systems is contributing the the all interesting part of the study was 55 of the seed was paid for cash so that means even even informal set systems quite dominant farmers are purchasing the seed for cash this is another study done in the highly agriculture uh industrial agriculture countries like in Netherlands Germany there the farmers the the presented the seed source from informal systems in these countries it shows the Netherlands 25 percent Germany 50 percent uh Greece is a 90 so the both context uh clearly shows that um the informal systems is
important not only in the context of the developing countries in Asia or in Africa but also in Indian highly industrial agriculture countries like in Europe um that is the the key finding of this study uh that I just presented with you
